Affinage

PGR

Progesterone receptor · UniProt P06401

Length
933 aa
Mass
99.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PGR (progesterone receptor) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that executes the genomic arm of progesterone signaling in reproductive tissues, where it is required for ovulation, decidualization, and the regulation of myometrial gene programs during pregnancy and labor (PMID:25852646, PMID:26985003, PMID:31908010). In ovarian follicular and granulosa cells, nuclear PGR signaling is essential for follicle rupture and ovulation across vertebrates, while non-genomic progestin signaling driving oocyte meiotic resumption proceeds independently of it (PMID:25852646, PMID:26985003). Mechanistically, PGR binds directly to the FOS promoter after hCG stimulation to trigger FOS-dependent ovulatory prostaglandin synthesis (PMID:30124866), and during decidualization it occupies target promoters such as PTPN11/SHP2 in cooperation with CREB1 (PMID:37786383). PGR is recruited to its own proximal promoter together with ERα through MAPK/ERK- and AKT-dependent ERα Ser118 phosphorylation, establishing an autoregulatory induction loop (PMID:27641443). Genome-wide, PGR occupancy is context-dependent: in myometrium it shifts from predominantly intergenic sites in the non-pregnant/not-in-labor state toward promoter regions bearing progesterone response elements in the term-pregnant/in-labor state, co-enriched with muscle-regulatory motifs (PMID:31908010, PMID:35732928). PGR protein abundance is tightly controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome system: the E3 ligases HERC4 and Ube3c polyubiquitinate PGR, with SOX4 stabilizing PGR by repressing HERC4 and P38α MAPK protecting PGR by phosphorylating Ube3c at Ser741 to restrain its ligase activity (PMID:35244538, PMID:35914132). PGR expression is further constrained post-transcriptionally by miR-181a and miR-375 acting on its 3'-UTR and epigenetically by H3K27 acetylation at its locus (PMID:40394215, PMID:22492871, PMID:31545267). Recurrent NR4A3-PGR gene fusions define a molecular subset of uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcomas (PMID:30829727).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2015 High

    Established that genomic PGR signaling, rather than non-genomic progestin signaling, is the step that is indispensable for ovulation, dissociating ovulation from oocyte meiotic maturation.

    Evidence TALEN knockout of nuclear Pgr in zebrafish with in vitro maturation and ovulation phenotyping

    PMID:25852646

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the PGR target genes mediating follicle rupture
    • Zebrafish follicular context may differ from mammalian granulosa biology
  2. 2016 High

    Confirmed the requirement for granulosa-cell nuclear PGR in primate ovulation and luteinization, extending the conserved ovulatory role to mammals.

    Evidence Adenoviral shRNA knockdown of PGR in rhesus monkey preovulatory follicles with ovulation and serum progesterone readouts

    PMID:26985003

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream transcriptional effectors not defined
    • Knockdown efficiency and off-target effects in vivo not fully resolved
  3. 2016 Medium

    Defined an autoregulatory loop whereby progesterone induces PGR through PR-dependent kinase signaling and cooperative ERα/PR promoter recruitment, explaining estrogen-independent PGR upregulation.

    Evidence ChIP with MAPK/AKT inhibitors and receptor antagonists in ER+/PR+ cancer cell lines

    PMID:27641443

    Open questions at the time
    • Demonstrated in cancer cell lines, not normal reproductive tissue
    • Direct PR DNA contact at the ERE/Sp1 region versus tethering not distinguished
  4. 2018 High

    Placed PGR directly upstream of ovulatory prostaglandin synthesis by showing PGR binds the FOS promoter to drive FOS-dependent induction of prostaglandin synthase genes.

    Evidence ChIP for PGR at FOS, PGR/EGFR and FOS inhibitors, PGE2 measurement in human granulosa/lutein cells

    PMID:30124866

    Open questions at the time
    • Co-factors at the FOS promoter not identified
    • Causal contribution of this axis to actual follicle rupture in vivo not tested
  5. 2019 Medium

    Revealed that PGR genomic occupancy is dynamically reprogrammed in myometrium across pregnancy, shifting from intergenic to promoter/PRE sites and identifying specific progesterone-responsive target genes.

    Evidence Genome-wide ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and RNA-seq in human myometrial tissue with in vitro target validation

    PMID:31908010

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism driving the binding-site shift unknown
    • Single-lab dataset without independent cohort replication
  6. 2019 Medium

    Identified recurrent PGR gene fusions as a defining molecular feature of a uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcoma subset, linking PGR rearrangement to a tumor entity.

    Evidence Targeted RNA sequencing and FISH with PGR/NR4A3 probes and immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue

    PMID:30829727

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional reconstitution of the fusion protein
    • Oncogenic mechanism of the fusion not established
  7. 2020 Medium

    Showed that the human PR-A and PR-B isoforms acquired divergent transcriptional functions during human evolution under relaxed constraint, framing isoform-specific PGR biology in an evolutionary context.

    Evidence Ancestral sequence resurrection, phylogenetic analysis, and transcriptional reporter assays

    PMID:32302297

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological consequences of functional divergence not tested in tissue
    • Target gene specificity of ancestral versus derived isoforms not mapped genome-wide
  8. 2021 Medium

    Established post-transcriptional and epigenetic control of PGR levels through miR-181a 3'-UTR repression and ARID1A isoform-specific physical association with PGR-A.

    Evidence 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assays in Ishikawa cells (miR-181a); reciprocal Co-IP and PLA in mouse and human endometrium (ARID1A)

    PMID:22492871 PMID:33706098

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of the ARID1A-PGR-A interaction on target gene transcription not defined
    • miR-181a regulation shown in a cancer cell line
  9. 2021 Medium

    Defined the LH-triggered cAMP/EPAC/RAP/PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling cascade that drives pgr transcription in preovulatory follicles, identifying CREB1 as the activating transcription factor.

    Evidence Sequential pharmacologic pathway dissection in a medaka in vitro ovulation assay

    PMID:33880506

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CREB1 binding at the pgr promoter not shown in this system
    • Conservation of the EPAC-dependent route in mammals not established
  10. 2022 High

    Identified ubiquitin-proteasome control of PGR stability via two E3 ligases and their regulators, showing SOX4 represses HERC4 and P38α phosphorylates Ube3c (Ser741) to protect PGR and support decidualization and implantation.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP/MS, SOX4 ChIP-seq and rescue in human endometrial stromal cells; conditional P38α knockout mouse with ubiquitination assays and Ube3c mutagenesis

    PMID:35244538 PMID:35914132

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitination sites on PGR targeted by HERC4/Ube3c not mapped
    • Interplay between the two ligase axes in the same cell not resolved
  11. 2022 Medium

    Extended myometrial PGR occupancy reprogramming to the labor transition, showing promoter/PRE shift in labor and co-enrichment with muscle-regulatory motifs (SRF, MYOD, STAT).

    Evidence PGR and histone-mark ChIP-seq with RNA-seq in in-labor versus not-in-labor human myometrium

    PMID:35732928

    Open questions at the time
    • Physical PGR interaction with SRF/MYOD/STAT factors not biochemically demonstrated
    • Causal link between binding shift and labor onset not tested
  12. 2023 Medium

    Demonstrated direct PGR-CREB1 cooperative transactivation of PTPN11/SHP2 during decidualization, mapping a specific promoter-level PGR target program.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter, EMSA, ChIP and siRNA knockdown in human endometrial stromal cells

    PMID:37786383

    Open questions at the time
    • Broader decidualization gene network co-regulated by PGR-CREB1 not defined
    • Single-lab in vitro stromal cell system
  13. 2025 Medium

    Linked H3K27 acetylation at the PGR locus to PGR expression and endometrial receptivity, connecting epigenetic loss to uterine aging.

    Evidence CRISPR/epigenome editing depleting H3K27ac with PGR protein readout and mouse aging model validation

    PMID:40394215

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzymes setting/removing H3K27ac at the PGR locus not identified
    • Upstream cause of H3K27ac loss in aging not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the multiple layers controlling PGR — kinase-driven autoinduction, dual E3-ligase degradation, miRNA repression, and histone acetylation — are integrated to set tissue- and stage-specific PGR levels remains unresolved.
  • No unified model coordinating transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational PGR regulation
  • Structural basis of context-dependent genomic site selection unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 4 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2
Partners
ARID1ACREB1ESR1HERC4MAPK14SOX4UBE3C

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2016 Progesterone (R5020) induces dose-dependent PGR mRNA and protein expression in an estrogen-independent manner requiring both PR and ERα. Rapid PR-dependent activation of MAPK/ERK and AKT leads to phosphorylation of ERα Ser118, enabling cooperative ERα/PR recruitment to an ERE/Sp1-containing region of the PGR proximal promoter. Inhibition of these kinase pathways (U0126 or LY294002) blocked ERα and PR chromatin recruitment and subsequent PGR mRNA induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK/ERK and AKT, receptor antagonists (RU486, ICI 182,780), qRT-PCR and Western blot in ER+/PR+ cancer cell lines Steroids Medium 27641443
2022 SOX4 stabilizes PGR protein by repressing the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC4-mediated polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PGR. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identified the SOX4–HERC4–PGR axis; dysregulation of this axis underlies defective decidualization and recurrent implantation failure. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, whole-genome SOX4 ChIP-seq, RNA sequencing, siRNA knockdown in human endometrial stromal cells eLife High 35244538
2022 P38α MAPK protects PGR from proteasomal degradation in the uterine stroma by phosphorylating the HECT-family E3 ubiquitin ligase Ube3c at serine 741, thereby restraining Ube3c-mediated polyubiquitination of PGR. Uterine-selective depletion of P38α led to dramatic loss of PGR protein and defective implantation. Conditional knockout mouse model, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, site-directed mutagenesis (Ube3c S741), Western blot, fertility phenotype analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 35914132
2015 Zebrafish nuclear progesterone receptor (Pgr) knockout (via TALENs) females are infertile due to anovulation: oocytes undergo normal meiosis resumption (GVBD) and final oocyte maturation in vitro but fail to ovulate even after HCG or progestin treatment. This establishes that Pgr-mediated genomic signaling in follicular cells is required for ovulation but is not essential for non-genomic progestin signaling initiating meiosis resumption. TALEN-mediated knockout in zebrafish, in vitro oocyte maturation assays, HCG/progestin stimulation, fertility phenotyping Frontiers in endocrinology High 25852646
2016 Adenoviral shRNA knockdown of PGR in macaque granulosa cells in vivo prevented follicle rupture (5/6 monkeys) and blocked the post-hCG rise in serum progesterone, demonstrating that nuclear PGR in granulosa cells is required for ovulation and for progesterone synthesis/luteinization in primates. Adenoviral shRNA knockdown injected into preovulatory follicles of rhesus monkeys, laparoscopic evaluation of ovulation, serum progesterone measurement, immunostaining for nuclear PGR Biology of reproduction High 26985003
2018 In human periovulatory granulosa/lutein cells, PGR binds directly to the FOS gene promoter (shown by ChIP) after hCG stimulation, and PGR inhibition reduces hCG-induced FOS expression and phosphorylation. FOS in turn binds the promoters of prostaglandin synthase genes (PTGES, SLCO2A1, ABCC1), and FOS inhibition blocks hCG-induced PGE2 production, placing PGR upstream of FOS-dependent ovulatory prostaglandin synthesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in human granulosa/lutein cells, pharmacologic inhibition of PGR and EGFR, selective FOS inhibitor, PGE2 measurement, mRNA and protein analysis The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism High 30124866
2021 ARID1A physically interacts with PGR-A (but not PGR-B) isoform in mouse and human endometrium, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay. ARID1A levels positively correlate with PGR levels in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay (PLA), Western blot, immunostaining in mouse and human endometrial tissue Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 33706098
2023 PGR directly binds to the PTPN11 (SHP2) gene promoter in the region -229 to +1 bp in response to progesterone, cooperating with CREB1 to transcriptionally induce SHP2 expression during decidualization. Direct PGR and CREB1 binding was confirmed by EMSA and ChIP; knockdown of either factor inhibited SHP2 induction. Luciferase reporter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), siRNA knockdown, qRT-PCR in human endometrial stromal cells The FEBS journal Medium 37786383
2019 In human myometrium, genome-wide ChIP-seq reveals that PGR binding shifts between non-pregnant (predominantly intergenic sites) and term-pregnant (predominantly promoter regions including classical progesterone response elements) states. Integration of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and histone modification data identified ATP11A, CBX7, and TNS1 as direct PGR target genes responsive to progesterone in vitro. ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq in human myometrial tissue; in vitro progesterone treatment for target gene validation FASEB journal Medium 31908010
2022 In human myometrium, in-labor PGR predominantly occupies promoter regions (including PRE motifs), whereas not-in-labor PGR binds mainly to intergenic regions. Differential PGR binding analysis identified >1700 differential sites and SRF, MYOD, and STAT binding motifs co-enriched at PGR-occupied sites, suggesting PGR interacts with major muscle regulators for myometrial gene control during labor. ChIP-seq for PGR and histone marks, RNA-seq, in vitro progesterone treatment in human myometrial tissue (term in-labor vs. not-in-labor) Reproductive sciences Medium 35732928
2025 H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at the PGR locus positively regulates PGR expression in endometrial stromal cells; experimental depletion of H3K27ac in young human endometrial stromal cells reduced PGR protein levels. Loss of H3K27ac and PGR is associated with uterine aging and impaired endometrial receptivity, validated in a mouse aging model. CRISPR/epigenome editing to eliminate H3K27ac, transcriptomic profiling, immunostaining, mouse aging model validation Nature aging Medium 40394215
2021 miR-181a directly represses PGR, DDX3X, and TIMP3 at the mRNA and protein level through interactions with their 3'-UTRs, as demonstrated by luciferase reporter assays in Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. miR-181a gain-of-function reduced PGR protein expression and influenced downstream CCNE1 through DDX3X repression. miRNA transfection (gain-of-function), 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot in Ishikawa cells The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Medium 22492871
2019 In bovine cumulus cells, miR-375 directly targets PGR (and ADAMTS1) 3'-UTRs as validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. miR-375 overexpression suppresses PGR expression and inhibits cumulus-oocyte complex maturation; restoration of PGR expression rescues maturation, placing PGR downstream of miR-375 in oocyte IVM. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, lentiviral overexpression and knockdown, Western blot in bovine cumulus cells Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Medium 31545267
2021 LH-induced PGR expression in medaka preovulatory follicles requires the cAMP/EPAC/RAP/PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway (not PKA). Phosphorylated CREB1 (phosphorylated by Akt1) acts as the transcription factor driving pgr gene expression; pharmacologic inhibitors of EPAC, RAP, PI3K, AKT, and CREB all blocked LH-induced Pgr expression and follicle ovulation. In vitro ovulation assay with specific pathway inhibitors (brefeldin A, GGTI298, wortmannin, AKT inhibitor IV, KG-501, H-89), mRNA and protein analysis in medaka follicles Biology of reproduction Medium 33880506
2020 Ancestral sequence resurrection and functional assays show that the major human PGR isoforms (PR-A and PR-B) evolved divergent transcriptional functions during the human stem-lineage, coincident with a period of relaxed evolutionary constraint rather than positive selection. Ancestral sequence resurrection, phylogenetic analysis, functional transcriptional reporter assays comparing ancestral and derived PR-A and PR-B PLoS genetics Medium 32302297
2019 PGR gene fusions (including NR4A3-PGR) define a molecular subset of uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcomas. Targeted RNA sequencing and FISH identified these rearrangements in 35% of epithelioid leiomyosarcomas, and all fusion-positive tumors expressed desmin, ER, and PR by immunohistochemistry. Targeted next-generation RNA sequencing, FISH with custom PGR and NR4A3 probes, immunohistochemistry on FFPE tissue The American journal of surgical pathology Medium 30829727
2009 EGFRvIII constitutive signaling (activating Akt and MAPK) in breast cancer cells causes loss of PGR protein expression. EGFRvIII expression in MDA-MB-361 cells (which normally co-express ERα and PgR) resulted in pronounced reduction of PgR compared to wild-type cells, and was associated with estrogen independence and tamoxifen resistance. Stable transfection of EGFRvIII, Western blot for PgR and signaling intermediates, in vivo xenograft experiments in ovariectomized nude mice, IHC of human breast cancer specimens International journal of cancer Low 19588487

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR), by ligand-binding assay compared with ER, PgR and pS2, by immuno-histochemistry in predicting response to tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. International journal of cancer 232 10754487
2009 Discordance between core needle biopsy (CNB) and excisional biopsy (EB) for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and HER2 status in early breast cancer (EBC). Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 144 19570962
2005 Evaluation of ER, PgR, HER-2 and Ki-67 as predictors of response to neoadjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy for operable breast cancer. British journal of cancer 138 15611798
2007 Expression of ER, PgR, HER1, HER2, and response: a study of preoperative chemotherapy. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 89 17986623
2010 Comparison of core needle biopsy (CNB) and surgical specimens for accurate preoperative evaluation of ER, PgR and HER2 status of breast cancer patients. Cancer science 79 20557310
2015 Nuclear progestin receptor (pgr) knockouts in zebrafish demonstrate role for pgr in ovulation but not in rapid non-genomic steroid mediated meiosis resumption. Frontiers in endocrinology 72 25852646
2012 The critical roles of progesterone receptor (PGR) in ovulation, oocyte developmental competence and oviductal transport in mammalian reproduction. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 67 22827383
2016 Progesterone induces progesterone receptor gene (PGR) expression via rapid activation of protein kinase pathways required for cooperative estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) genomic action at ER/PR target genes. Steroids 66 27641443
2012 Endometrial miR-181a and miR-98 expression is altered during transition from normal into cancerous state and target PGR, PGRMC1, CYP19A1, DDX3X, and TIMP3. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 65 22492871
2006 PGR +331 A/G and increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 59 16985038
2007 Antitumour and biological effects of letrozole and GnRH analogue as primary therapy in premenopausal women with ER and PgR positive locally advanced operable breast cancer. British journal of cancer 55 17712311
2009 DNA hypermethylation of ESR1 and PGR in breast cancer: pathologic and epidemiologic associations. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 54 19861523
2002 Phase III randomized trial of droloxifene and tamoxifen as first-line endocrine treatment of ER/PgR-positive advanced breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment 51 12088118
2014 High concordance of protein (by IHC), gene (by FISH; HER2 only), and microarray readout (by TargetPrint) of ER, PgR, and HER2: results from the EORTC 10041/BIG 03-04 MINDACT trial. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 48 24667714
2014 Changes in PgR and Ki-67 in residual tumour and outcome of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 47 25411418
1995 High frequency of allelic imbalance at chromosome region 16q22-23 in human breast cancer: correlation with high PgR and low S phase. International journal of cancer 47 7615353
2018 FOS, a Critical Downstream Mediator of PGR and EGF Signaling Necessary for Ovulatory Prostaglandins in the Human Ovary. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 45 30124866
2016 Technical validation of an RT-qPCR in vitro diagnostic test system for the determination of breast cancer molecular subtypes by quantification of ERBB2, ESR1, PGR and MKI67 mRNA levels from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tumor specimens. BMC cancer 45 27389414
2019 PGR Gene Fusions Identify a Molecular Subset of Uterine Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma With Rhabdoid Features. The American journal of surgical pathology 44 30829727
2018 Comparison of central laboratory assessments of ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 by IHC/FISH and the corresponding mRNAs (ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKi67) by RT-qPCR on an automated, broadly deployed diagnostic platform. Breast cancer research and treatment 44 30120700
2011 Differential responses of progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (Pgrmc1) and the classical progesterone receptor (Pgr) to 17β-estradiol and progesterone in hippocampal subregions that support synaptic remodeling and neurogenesis. Endocrinology 43 22147012
2000 Immunohistochemical analysis of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma: higher expression of p53 and chromogranin and lower expression of ER and PgR. Histopathology 41 10672061
2013 Expression of progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC) 1 and 2, serpine mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1) and nuclear progesterone receptor (PGR) in the bovine endometrium during the estrous cycle and the first trimester of pregnancy. Reproductive biology 40 23522067
2019 Progesterone Receptor B (PGR-B) Is Partially Methylated in Eutopic Endometrium From Infertile Women With Endometriosis. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 39 30782101
2016 Knockdown of Progesterone Receptor (PGR) in Macaque Granulosa Cells Disrupts Ovulation and Progesterone Production. Biology of reproduction 39 26985003
1993 The ER-positive/PgR-negative breast cancer phenotype is not associated with mutations within the DNA binding domain. Breast cancer research and treatment 39 8219256
2015 Predictive value and clinical utility of centrally assessed ER, PgR, and Ki-67 to select adjuvant endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer: TEXT and SOFT trials. Breast cancer research and treatment 38 26493064
2022 SOX4 facilitates PGR protein stability and FOXO1 expression conducive for human endometrial decidualization. eLife 36 35244538
2014 DNA methylation patterns of steroid receptor genes ESR1, ESR2 and PGR in deep endometriosis compromising the rectum. International journal of molecular medicine 36 24481237
2018 Paternal developmental toxicant exposure is associated with epigenetic modulation of sperm and placental Pgr and Igf2 in a mouse model. Biology of reproduction 34 29741588
2017 An international reproducibility study validating quantitative determination of ERBB2, ESR1, PGR, and MKI67 mRNA in breast cancer using MammaTyper®. Breast cancer research : BCR 34 28490348
1986 Correlation between prolactin receptors (PRL R), estradiol (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) in human breast cancer. European journal of cancer & clinical oncology 34 3830215
2021 Disrupted PGR-B and ESR1 signaling underlies defective decidualization linked to severe preeclampsia. eLife 31 34709177
2009 Common germline polymorphisms in COMT, CYP19A1, ESR1, PGR, SULT1E1 and STS and survival after a diagnosis of breast cancer. International journal of cancer 29 19551860
2009 EGFRvIII-induced estrogen-independence, tamoxifen-resistance phenotype correlates with PgR expression and modulation of apoptotic molecules in breast cancer. International journal of cancer 28 19588487
2015 Tamoxifen impairs prepubertal mammary development and alters expression of estrogen receptor α (ESR1) and progesterone receptors (PGR). Domestic animal endocrinology 27 26619291
2020 Functionally significant polymorphisms of ESR1and PGR and risk of intrauterine growth restriction in population of Central Russia. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 26 32777541
2019 Downregulation of nuclear progestin receptor (Pgr) and subfertility in double knockouts of progestin receptor membrane component 1 (pgrmc1) and pgrmc2 in zebrafish. General and comparative endocrinology 26 31536721
2019 DNMT3A/3B overexpression might be correlated with poor patient survival, hypermethylation and low expression of ESR1/PGR in endometrioid carcinoma: an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas. Chinese medical journal 25 30614867
2001 Different distribution of c-myc and MIB-1 positive cells in malignant meningiomas with reference to TGFs, PDGF, and PgR expression. Brain tumor pathology 25 11517968
1982 Mutations affecting the activity and the regulation of the general amino-acid permease of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Localisation of the cis-acting dominant pgr regulatory mutation in the structural gene of this permease. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 25 6759873
2013 Quantitative ER and PgR assessment as predictors of benefit from lapatinib in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 24 24198242
2014 Immunolocalization of GnRHRI, gonadotropin receptors, PGR, and PGRMCI during follicular development in the rabbit ovary. Theriogenology 23 24612788
2019 Dynamic transcriptome, accessible genome, and PGR cistrome profiles in the human myometrium. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 21 31908010
2018 Progesterone Receptor (PGR) Gene Variants Associated with Breast Cancer and Associated Features: a Case-Control Study. Pathology oncology research : POR 21 29302853
2018 Nuclear progestin receptor (Pgr) knockouts resulted in subfertility in male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 21 29705270
2012 Selected variants of the steroid-5-alpha-reductase isoforms SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 and the sex steroid hormone receptors ESR1, ESR2 and PGR: no association with female pattern hair loss identified. Experimental dermatology 19 22509838
2010 Evaluation of ER, PgR, HER-2, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and nm23-H1 as predictors of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 19 20844986
2010 ER, PgR, HER-2, Ki-67, topoisomerase IIα, and nm23-H1 proteins expression as predictors of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 19 20872186
2022 P38α MAPK is a gatekeeper of uterine progesterone responsiveness at peri-implantation via Ube3c-mediated PGR degradation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 18 35914132
2020 Recent advances in smooth muscle tumors with PGR and PLAG1 gene fusions and myofibroblastic uterine neoplasms. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 18 33230916
2021 ARID1A and PGR proteins interact in the endometrium and reveal a positive correlation in endometriosis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 33706098
2013 Association of +331G/A PgR polymorphism with susceptibility to female reproductive cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. PloS one 17 23349706
2011 Triple-negative (ER, PgR, HER-2/neu) breast cancer in Indian women. Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) 17 24367172
2009 Restoration of leukotriene B(4)-12-hydroxydehydrogenase/15- oxo-prostaglandin 13-reductase (LTBDH/PGR) expression inhibits lung cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 17 19595472
2022 Quantitative Image Analysis as an Adjunct to Manual Scoring of ER, PgR, and HER2 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma. American journal of clinical pathology 16 34875014
2019 MicroRNA-375 regulates oocyte in vitro maturation by targeting ADAMTS1 and PGR in bovine cumulus cells. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 16 31545267
2013 Association of progesterone receptor gene (PGR) variants and breast cancer risk in African American women. Breast cancer research and treatment 16 23764995
2021 ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKi67 mRNA expression in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer: results from ABCSG Trial 6. ESMO open 15 34371382
2019 Evaluation of Androgen Receptor in Relation to Estrogen Receptor (AR/ER) and Progesterone Receptor (AR/PgR): A New Must in Breast Cancer? Journal of oncology 15 31110518
2017 Expression of PGR, HBEGF, ITGAV, ITGB3 and SPP1 genes in eutopic endometrium of infertile women with endometriosis during the implantation window: a pilot study. JBRA assisted reproduction 15 28837027
2017 Predictive value of molecular subtyping in NMIBC by RT-qPCR of ERBB2, ESR1, PGR and MKI67 from formalin fixed TUR biopsies. Oncotarget 15 28978063
2015 Progesterone Receptor (PGR) gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to preterm birth. BMC medical genetics 15 26286601
2023 Progesterone and cAMP synergistically induce SHP2 expression via PGR and CREB1 during uterine stromal decidualization. The FEBS journal 14 37786383
2022 IL-27 promotes decidualization via the STAT3-ESR/PGR regulatory axis. Journal of reproductive immunology 14 35430461
2021 NRIP1 is activated by C-JUN/C-FOS and activates the expression of PGR, ESR1 and CCND1 in luminal A breast cancer. Scientific reports 14 34707101
2019 Expression of ER, PgR, HER-2, and Ki-67 in core biopsies and in definitive histological specimens in patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 14 31754747
2021 A central role for cAMP/EPAC/RAP/PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling in LH-induced follicular Pgr expression at medaka ovulation†. Biology of reproduction 13 33880506
2008 Leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase/15-ketoprostaglandin Delta 13-reductase (LTB4 12-HD/PGR) responsible for the reduction of a double-bond of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of an aryl propionic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent CS-670. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems 13 18274955
2017 Evaluating The Effect of Melatonin on HAS2, and PGR expression, as well as Cumulus Expansion, and Fertility Potential in Mice. Cell journal 12 29308626
2014 Association of the +331G/A progesterone receptor gene (PgR) polymorphism with risk of endometrial cancer in Caucasian women: a meta-analysis. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 12 25037596
2000 EORTC external quality assurance program for ER and PgR measurements: trial 1998/1999. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. The International journal of biological markers 12 10763143
2025 Endometrial aging is accompanied by H3K27ac and PGR loss. Nature aging 11 40394215
2024 Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PgR) Expression in Endometrial Cancer-An Immunohistochemical Assessment. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 11 38337838
2011 Study of Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor Expression in Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ by Immunohistochemical Staining in ER/PgR-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer. ISRN oncology 11 22091428
2010 Detection and diversity of a putative novel heterogeneous polymorphic proline-glycine repeat (Pgr) protein in the footrot pathogen Dichelobacter nodosus. Veterinary microbiology 11 20655152
1994 Influence of tamoxifen on the tumor content of steroid hormone receptors (ER, PgR and AR) in patients with primary breast cancer. Anticancer research 11 8067700
2023 A delayed ovulation of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) by downregulating the LHCGR/PGR pathway. iScience 10 37520702
2020 Role of androgen receptor expression in early stage ER+/PgR-/HER2- breast cancer. Therapeutic advances in medical oncology 10 32994808
2018 Hypermethylation pattern of ESR and PgR genes and lacking estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer tumors: ER/PR subtypes. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 10 29278880
2017 Dose intensity and efficacy of the combination of everolimus and exemestane (EVE/EXE) in a real-world population of hormone receptor-positive (ER+/PgR+), HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients: a multicenter Italian experience. Breast cancer research and treatment 10 28353061
2017 Distribution of Ki-67 values within HER2 & ER/PgR expression variants of ductal breast cancers as a potential link between IHC features and breast cancer biology. BMC cancer 10 28356061
2012 Progestin effects on expression of AKR1C1-AKR1C3, SRD5A1 and PGR in the Z-12 endometriotic epithelial cell line. Chemico-biological interactions 10 23183084
2011 Predictive significance of the proportion of ER-positive or PgR-positive tumor cells in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-negative breast cancer. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 10 22969846
1994 p53 alteration correlates with negative ER, negative PgR, and high histologic grade in breast cancer. Journal of surgical oncology 10 8176940
2022 In Vivo Genome-Wide PGR Binding in Pregnant Human Myometrium Identifies Potential Regulators of Labor. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 9 35732928
2013 Molecular Mechanism and Targeted Therapy Options of Triple-Negative (ER, PgR, HER-2/neu) Breast Cancer: Review. World journal of oncology 9 29147345
2021 Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of broad ligament harboring PGR-NR4A3 and UBR5-PGR gene fusions: a unique case report. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 8 34351486
2020 Relaxed constraint and functional divergence of the progesterone receptor (PGR) in the human stem-lineage. PLoS genetics 8 32302297
2020 Androgen receptor expression inversely correlates with histological grade and N stage in ER+/PgRlow male breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment 8 32436149
2016 ESR1 and PGR polymorphisms are associated with estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in breast tumors. Physiological genomics 8 27542969
2014 ESR1 and PGR gene promoter methylation and correlations with estrogen and progesterone receptors in ductal and lobular breast cancer. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 8 24815444
2012 Molecular markers in management of ex situ PGR-a case study. Journal of biosciences 8 23107922
2009 Expression of progesterone receptor related to the polymorphism in the PGR gene in the rabbit reproductive tract. Journal of animal science 8 19897621
1993 PCNA/cyclin expression in breast carcinomas: its relationships with Ki-67, ER, PgR immunostainings and clinico-pathologic aspects. Pathologica 8 8100059
1993 Evidence for bimodal distribution of breast carcinoma ER and PgR values quantitated by enzyme immunoassay. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 8 8343271
2021 Reproducibility of mRNA-Based Testing of ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKI67 Expression in Invasive Breast Cancer-A Europe-Wide External Quality Assessment. Cancers 7 34572945
2020 Aromatase Inhibitors as Adjuvant Treatment for ER/PgR Positive Stage I Endometrial Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study. International journal of molecular sciences 7 32210157
1997 In situ hybridization of chromosome 6 on fine-needle aspirates from breast carcinomas: comparison of numerical abnormalities and ER/PgR status and staining pattern. Diagnostic cytopathology 7 9143843
1995 Oestrogen and progesterone receptor status and PgR/ER ratios in normal and myomatous human myometrium. East African medical journal 7 7588146

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