| 2003 |
NIPA (ZC3HC1) was identified as a novel downstream target of NPM-ALK via yeast two-hybrid screen. NIPA contains a classical nuclear translocation signal in its C terminus directing nuclear localization, interacts with NPM-ALK and other ALK fusions in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner, and is phosphorylated on tyrosine and serine residues (major site: Ser-354) in NPM-ALK-expressing cells. Overexpression of NIPA protected Ba/F3 cells from apoptosis induced by IL-3 withdrawal; mutations of the nuclear translocation signal or Ser-354 impaired this antiapoptotic function. |
Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis, overexpression/dominant-negative in Ba/F3 cells |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
12748172
|
| 2005 |
NIPA (ZC3HC1) is an F-box-containing protein that forms an SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase (SCF(NIPA)) that targets nuclear cyclin B1 for ubiquitination and degradation in interphase, thereby controlling mitotic entry. Cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation of NIPA restricts its ubiquitination activity to interphase. RNAi-mediated inactivation of NIPA causes nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1 in interphase, activation of cyclin B1-Cdk1 kinase activity, and premature mitotic entry. |
RNAi knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation (SCF complex assembly), ubiquitination assay, cell cycle analysis |
Cell |
High |
16009132
|
| 2007 |
Cyclin B1/Cdk1 phosphorylates NIPA at Ser-395 in mitosis. Two additional phosphorylation sites (Ser-359 and Ser-395) beyond the previously described Ser-354 were identified within the cyclin B1-binding region of NIPA. Mutation of both Ser-359 and Ser-395 impaired inactivation of the SCF(NIPA) complex, resulting in reduced mitotic cyclin B1 levels. This defines a positive-feedback mechanism whereby cyclin B1/Cdk1 amplifies NIPA phosphorylation to contribute to regulation of its own abundance in early mitosis. |
In vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis, cyclin B1 binding domain mapping, cell cycle synchronization and immunoblotting |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
17389604
|
| 2011 |
Phosphorylated NIPA is degraded in late mitosis in an APC/C(Cdh1)-dependent manner. Binding of the unphosphorylated form of NIPA to Skp1 interferes with binding to the APC/C adaptor protein Cdh1, thereby protecting unphosphorylated NIPA from APC/C-mediated degradation in interphase. This defines a novel mode of regulating APC/C-mediated ubiquitination via competition between SCF and APC/C substrate adaptors. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, cell cycle synchronization, siRNA knockdown of Cdh1, immunoblotting |
PloS one |
High |
22205987
|
| 2012 |
ERK2 (but not ERK1) is the kinase responsible for the critical initial phosphorylation of NIPA at Ser-354 and Ser-359 at G2/M, inactivating the SCF(NIPA) complex. In vitro kinase assays showed both ERK1 and ERK2 can phosphorylate NIPA, but shRNA-mediated stable knockdown combined with cell cycle synchronization showed only ERK2 mediates NIPA inactivation in cells. ERK2 knockdown leads to a delay at G2/M transition, phenocopying phospho-deficient NIPA mutants. |
In vitro kinase assay, shRNA stable knockdown, cell cycle synchronization, pharmacologic inhibition of ERK1/2, phospho-deficient NIPA mutants |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
22955283
|
| 2016 |
The CAD-associated coding polymorphism rs11556924 in ZC3HC1 (Arg363His) results in lower regulatory phosphorylation of NIPA at the risk variant (Arg363), giving higher SCF(NIPA) activity, which causes decreased cyclin B1 stability in the nucleus, slowing nuclear cyclin B1 accumulation and extending mitosis. The protective His363 variant shows increased phosphorylation at Ser354, higher protein expression, and greater nuclear mobility. |
Genome editing (CRISPR), cell cycle analysis, immunoblotting, FRAP (nuclear mobility), phospho-specific immunoblotting |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
27226629
|
| 2017 |
The protective His363 NIPA variant (rs11556924) exhibits increased phosphorylation at Ser354 and higher protein expression compared with the risk Arg363 variant. Neither SKP1 nor CCNB1 binding is affected by the polymorphism. NIPA His363 exhibits greater nuclear mobility by FRAP. NIPA suppression reduces proliferation in HeLa cells, and the protective variant reduces cell proliferation relative to the risk variant. |
Allele-specific expression analysis, immunoblotting with phospho-specific antibodies, co-immunoprecipitation (SKP1, CCNB1 binding), FRAP, siRNA knockdown, proliferation assays |
Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics |
Medium |
28115489
|
| 2019 |
NPM-ALK expression causes constitutive phosphorylation of NIPA on multiple serine/threonine residues. Mass spectrometry proteomics identified nine significantly upregulated sites; five key residues (Ser-338, Ser-344, Ser-370, Ser-381, Thr-387) were confirmed by phospho-deficient mutagenesis. ALK-induced phosphorylation influences NIPA-NPM-ALK interaction and localization but does not alter SCF(NIPA) complex formation. Silencing these five residues increased NIPA-NPM-ALK binding and slightly reduced cell proliferation. |
Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics, site-directed mutagenesis of phospho-deficient mutants, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization, proliferation assays |
International journal of molecular sciences |
Medium |
31434245
|
| 2020 |
NIPA (ZC3HC1) binds FANCD2 and regulates its nuclear abundance, placing NIPA as a component of the Fanconi anemia (FA)/BRCA DNA repair pathway. Knockout of Nipa in mice caused accumulation of DNA damage in hematopoietic stem cells, premature aging phenotype, and upon replication stress, complete bone marrow failure and death with 100% penetrance. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (NIPA-FANCD2), Nipa knockout mouse model, immunofluorescence (DNA damage foci), HSC functional assays, replication stress induction |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
32338640
|
| 2021 |
ZC3HC1 is an inherent structural component of the nuclear basket (NB), present at nuclear envelopes of both proliferating and terminally differentiated vertebrate cells. ZC3HC1 is required for enabling approximately half the total amount of TPR to be NB-appended; loss of ZC3HC1 reduces the NB-associated TPR pool without ablating TPR entirely from the NPC. |
Immunofluorescence microscopy, subcellular fractionation, siRNA knockdown, antibody-based localization in multiple vertebrate cell types |
Cells |
High |
34440706
|
| 2022 |
ZC3HC1 functions as a second structural scaffold element of the nuclear basket, distinct from TPR. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed ZC3HC1 enables stepwise recruitment of TPR subpopulations to the NB and their linkage to already NPC-anchored TPR polypeptides. Rapid degron-mediated elimination of ZC3HC1 causes prompt detachment of ZC3HC1-appended TPR polypeptides from the NB and their release into the nucleoplasm. ZC3HC1 can link TPR polypeptides to each other even at sites remote from the NB. |
In vitro reconstitution, auxin-inducible degron (AID) for rapid protein elimination, live-cell imaging, immunofluorescence, nuclear basket fractionation |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
35609216
|
| 2022 |
NIPA is required for effective NPM-ALK-driven lymphomagenesis. Nipa deletion in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts reduced transformation ability and colony formation upon NPM-ALK expression. Downregulating NIPA in NPM-ALK+ cell lines decreased proliferation. In vivo mouse transplantation models showed Nipa deletion inhibited NPM-ALK-induced tumorigenesis, prolonged survival, and reduced stem-cell-like features of lymphomas. |
Nipa gene knockout (conditional, Lck-Cre), in vivo transplantation mouse models, colony formation assays, siRNA knockdown, ALK inhibitor combination studies |
Frontiers in oncology |
Medium |
35646639
|
| 2023 |
ZC3HC1 (and its yeast homologue Pml39p/ScPml39p) contains a nuclear basket-interaction domain (NuBaID) comprising two similarly built modules, both essential for binding NB-resident TPR. This bimodular NuBaID is evolutionarily conserved across humans, Dictyostelium discoideum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pml39p enables linkage between subpopulations of Mlp1p (yeast TPR homologue) via the same bimodular domain. |
Domain deletion and mutagenesis, in vitro binding assays, yeast genetics, immunofluorescence localization, phylogenetic/structural analysis |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
36857168
|
| 2025 |
HROB suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression by interacting with ZC3HC1 and reducing its phosphorylation at Ser354. This de-phosphorylation facilitates K27-linked ubiquitination of CCNB1 (cyclin B1) by the SCF(NIPA) complex, promoting cyclin B1 proteasomal degradation, impairing the G2-to-M phase transition, and suppressing cell proliferation and tumor growth. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (HROB-ZC3HC1 interaction), phospho-specific immunoblotting, ubiquitination assay (K27-linked), cell cycle analysis, in vivo tumor models |
Cancer science |
Medium |
40654113
|
| 2025 |
In human fibroblasts, ZC3HC1 localization to nuclear pores is TPR-dependent, but TPR remains localized to pores when ZC3HC1 is depleted, indicating the ZC3HC1-TPR dependence is asymmetric. Knockdown of ZC3HC1 does not compromise senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) or the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which depend on TPR. TPR and ZC3HC1 knockdowns have largely distinct transcriptional consequences. |
siRNA-mediated knockdown, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing |
Wellcome open research |
Medium |
40443800
|
| 2026 |
ZC3HC1 (NIPA) acts as a dosage-sensitive modulator of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype. Partial ZC3HC1 knockdown increases SMC migration and proliferation and causes cyclin B1 (CCNB1) accumulation with reduced contractile marker expression. Complete Zc3hc1 knockout in mice results in reduced SMC proliferation, lower CCNB1 levels, and exaggerated neointima formation after arterial injury. Immunofluorescence revealed colocalization of NIPA and CCNB1 at the cleavage furrow during mitotic exit. |
siRNA knockdown (human SMCs), Zc3hc1 knockout mice, arterial injury model (in vivo neointima formation), immunofluorescence microscopy, transcriptomic profiling |
Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology |
Medium |
41815085
|