Affinage

ZC3HAV1

Zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1 · UniProt Q7Z2W4

Length
902 aa
Mass
101.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-11
50 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ZC3HAV1 (ZAP/PARP13) is a CCCH-type zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that acts as a broad-spectrum cytosolic antiviral restriction factor and a regulator of endogenous RNA fate (PMID:23836649, PMID:25382312). It directly binds viral and cellular transcripts through its four CCCH zinc-finger domains, preferentially recognizing CG- and cytosine-rich sequences, and targets bound RNA for exosome-dependent degradation (PMID:33947766, PMID:23836649). This activity restricts diverse viruses including murine leukemia virus, SARS-CoV-2, HCMV, HTLV-1, and (for the porcine ortholog) PCV2, in each case by destabilizing specific viral mRNAs (PMID:23836649, PMID:33989516, PMID:33947766, PMID:31842935, PMID:41076738). ZAP localizes to cytoplasmic RNA/stress granules where it recruits exosome components and RNA-degradation machinery, and it inhibits LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition by binding ORF1p in an RNA-dependent manner and degrading L1 RNA (PMID:23836649, PMID:25951186, PMID:26001115). Antiviral and decay functions depend on cofactor recruitment: ZAP interacts with the endonuclease KHNYN, whose cytoplasmic localization via its CUBAN-domain NES is required for the ZAP interaction and antiviral activity (PMID:36633408), and associates with ZCCHC3 in linking the complex to the RNA exosome (PMID:37405998). The two isoforms are functionally specialized: the long isoform is S-farnesylated and targeted to endolysosomes, enhancing antiviral activity (PMID:23776219). Beyond viral defense, ZAP regulates endogenous mRNAs—destabilizing TRAILR4 to sensitize cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis (PMID:25382312) and dampening cytokine (IFNG/TNF/IL2) production in T cells through 3' UTR binding (PMID:37074914)—and it potentiates innate immune signaling by directly associating with STING to promote its oligomerization and ER-to-Golgi translocation (PMID:39478149) and with NLRP3 to promote inflammasome activation (PMID:38663314).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2012 Medium

    Established that catalytically inactive PARP-13/ZAP participates in cytoplasmic poly(ADP-ribose) functions and stress granule assembly, placing ZAP in the cytoplasmic RNA-regulatory compartment.

    Evidence Biochemical fractionation, pADPr modification and stress granule assembly assays

    PMID:22531498

    Open questions at the time
    • ZAP's specific molecular contribution within pADPr functions not dissected
    • no direct RNA target identified
  2. 2013 High

    Defined ZAP's core antiviral mechanism: it acts as a cytosolic sensor that recruits viral RNA and exosome components to RNA granules for degradation, requiring its CCCH zinc-finger domains and operating independently of RIG-I-dependent IFN.

    Evidence ZAP-deficient mouse cells, viral replication assays, domain mutagenesis, co-localization, RNA granule fractionation

    PMID:23836649

    Open questions at the time
    • sequence determinants of viral RNA recognition not yet defined
    • identity of exosome-recruiting cofactors unresolved
  3. 2013 High

    Showed isoform-specific lipid modification controls ZAP localization: S-farnesylation of the long isoform targets it to endolysosomes and enhances antiviral activity, establishing ZAPL/ZAPS functional divergence.

    Evidence Bioorthogonal proteomics with alkyne-isoprenoid reporters, subcellular imaging, antiviral assay

    PMID:23776219

    Open questions at the time
    • how endolysosomal targeting mechanistically enhances RNA decay unclear
    • structural basis of farnesylation-dependent membrane association not defined
  4. 2014 High

    Extended ZAP function to endogenous mRNA regulation by showing direct zinc-finger-mediated binding to the TRAILR4 3' UTR drives exosome-dependent decay, sensitizing cells to TRAIL apoptosis.

    Evidence RIP, siRNA knockdown, RNA stability and luciferase reporter assays, exosome inhibition

    PMID:25382312

    Open questions at the time
    • full set of endogenous mRNA targets not mapped
    • cis-element recognized within the 3' UTR not defined at nucleotide resolution
  5. 2015 High

    Demonstrated ZAP restricts retrotransposition of L1, Alu and related elements by binding ORF1p in an RNA-dependent manner, degrading L1 RNA, and disrupting ribonucleoprotein integrity, with an interactome including MOV10 and RNA-degradation/chaperonin proteins.

    Evidence Co-IP/MS interactome, siRNA knockdown, retrotransposition assays, fluorescence microscopy (replicated across two labs)

    PMID:25951186 PMID:26001115

    Open questions at the time
    • which interactome partners are functionally required not established
    • mechanism distinguishing RNA decay vs. RNP disassembly unresolved
  6. 2019 Medium

    Linked ZAP restriction to viral CG dinucleotide content using HTLV-1, supporting sequence-biased recognition as a restriction determinant.

    Evidence ZAP overexpression and siRNA knockdown, virus production assay, CAGE sequencing

    PMID:31842935

    Open questions at the time
    • direct ZAP binding to HTLV-1 RNA not shown
    • causal link between CG content and degradation not directly tested
  7. 2020 Medium

    Positioned ZC3HAV1 within the IFN circuit, showing it is IFN-induced and reciprocally amplifies IFN-β and inflammatory cytokine production to restrict IAV.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, overexpression, viral replication and cytokine assays, IFNAR-deficient cells

    PMID:32922375

    Open questions at the time
    • mechanism by which ZAP boosts IFN-β production not defined
    • direct viral RNA target in IAV not identified
  8. 2021 High

    Confirmed direct binding to viral RNA at transcriptome scale: ZAP binds SARS-CoV-2 RNA and, via eCLIP, binds CG/cytosine-rich HCMV transcripts (UL4/UL5) it destabilizes, defining its sequence preference.

    Evidence RNP capture, eCLIP-seq, SLAM-seq, knockdown/overexpression with transcriptome and proteome readouts

    PMID:33947766 PMID:33989516

    Open questions at the time
    • structural basis of CG-rich recognition not resolved
    • why only a subset of CG-rich transcripts is targeted unclear
  9. 2023 Medium

    Resolved cofactor recruitment requirements, showing KHNYN's cytoplasmic localization (via its CUBAN-domain NES) is required for ZAP interaction and antiviral activity, and that ZCCHC3 associates with ZAP linking the complex to the RNA exosome.

    Evidence Co-IP, NES/CUBAN mutagenesis, subcellular localization, velocity gradient centrifugation, antiviral assays

    PMID:36633408 PMID:37405998

    Open questions at the time
    • stoichiometry and architecture of the ZAP-KHNYN-ZCCHC3-exosome assembly unknown
    • whether KHNYN provides endonucleolytic cleavage in this complex not directly shown here
  10. 2023 Medium

    Broadened endogenous regulation to immune effector control, showing ZC3HAV1 binds cytokine (IFNG/TNF/IL2) 3' UTRs and dampens cytokine production duration in activated T cells.

    Evidence RNA aptamer-based capture, RBP-RNA mapping, T cell activation and cytokine assays

    PMID:37074914

    Open questions at the time
    • ZC3HAV1 one of >130 RBPs in the screen; specific contribution partly correlative
    • decay vs. translational mechanism on cytokine mRNAs not separated
  11. 2024 High

    Revealed signaling-scaffold roles beyond RNA decay: ZAP directly promotes STING oligomerization and ER-to-Golgi translocation, and promotes NLRP3 oligomerization to drive inflammasome activation, with deficient mice showing reduced inflammation in vivo.

    Evidence Co-IP, oligomerization and translocation assays, Zc3hav1/Zap-deficient mice in HSV-1/DMXAA, alum peritonitis, and LPS sepsis models

    PMID:38663314 PMID:39478149

    Open questions at the time
    • how an RNA-binding protein mechanistically nucleates STING/NLRP3 oligomerization unclear
    • whether these protein-scaffolding roles require RNA binding not resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ZAP integrates its dual identity—sequence-specific RNA-decay factor versus protein-protein scaffold for innate immune oligomerization—into a unified mechanism, and the structural basis of CG-rich RNA recognition, remain unresolved.
  • no structural model of ZAP-RNA recognition
  • relationship between RNA-binding and scaffolding functions undefined
  • rules governing which transcripts (viral vs. endogenous) are selected unclear

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 5 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0005764 lysosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2
Partners
KHNYNLINE-1 ORF1PMOV10NLRP3STING1ZCCHC3
Complex memberships
RNA exosome (associated)

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2013 S-farnesylation of the long isoform of ZAP (ZAPL) is required for its targeting to endolysosomes and enhances its antiviral activity; bioorthogonal proteomics with alkyne-isoprenoid chemical reporters identified this isoform-specific lipid modification. Bioorthogonal proteomics (alkyne-isoprenoid chemical reporters), subcellular fractionation/imaging, functional antiviral assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 23776219
2014 PARP13/ZAP binds cellular mRNAs via its four CCCH-type zinc-finger domains and destabilizes the TRAILR4 transcript post-transcriptionally in an exosome-dependent manner by binding to a region in its 3' UTR, thereby repressing TRAILR4 expression and increasing cell sensitivity to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. RNA immunoprecipitation, knockdown (siRNA), RNA stability assay, luciferase reporter assay, exosome inhibition Nature communications High 25382312
2013 ZAP acts as a cytosolic RNA sensor that recruits viral (MLV) transcripts and exosome components to RNA granules, inducing viral RNA degradation by the exosome; this function requires the CCCH-type zinc-finger domains of ZAP. ZAP deficiency did not affect RIG-I-dependent type I IFN production in mouse cells. Genetic knockout (ZAP-deficient mice/cells), viral replication assay, co-localization microscopy, domain mutant analysis, RNA granule fractionation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 23836649
2015 ZAP interacts with LINE-1 ORF1p in an RNA-dependent manner and inhibits retrotransposition of human L1, Alu, mouse L1, and zebrafish LINE-2 elements by reducing accumulation of full-length L1 RNA and L1-encoded proteins; ZAP co-localizes with L1 RNA and ORF1p in cytoplasmic stress granule foci. Co-immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry, siRNA knockdown, retrotransposition assay (cell culture), fluorescence microscopy PLoS genetics High 25951186 26001115
2015 ZAP (PARP13/ZC3HAV1) restricts L1 retrotransposition through loss of L1 RNA and ribonucleoprotein particle integrity; ZAP co-immunoprecipitates with ORF1p and co-localizes in cytoplasmic stress granules. Mass spectrometry of the ZAP interactome identified associated proteins including MOV10 RNA helicase, RNA degradation proteins, helicases, and chaperonin complex components. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry (ZAP interactome), retrotransposition assay, fluorescence microscopy PLoS genetics High 26001115
2012 Poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) functions are mediated in the cytoplasm through catalytically inactive PARP-13/ZC3HAV1 together with mono/poly(ADP-ribose)-synthesizing enzymes; PARP-13 participates in cytoplasmic stress granule assembly and modulation of microRNA activities. Biochemical fractionation, pADPr modification assay, stress granule assembly assay RNA biology Medium 22531498
2021 ZAP/ZC3HAV1 directly binds SARS-CoV-2 RNA (identified by RNP capture) and functions as an antiviral RBP; knockdown experiments confirmed its antiviral role in coronavirus replication. RNP capture (ribonucleoprotein capture protocol), siRNA knockdown, transcriptome analysis Molecular cell Medium 33989516
2021 ZAP (both ZAP-S and ZAP-L isoforms) restricts HCMV replication by destabilizing a distinct subset of viral mRNAs, particularly UL4 and UL5 transcripts from the UL4-UL6 locus; eCLIP-seq identified these as direct ZAP binding targets. ZAP preferentially recognizes CG-rich sequences and other cytosine-rich sequences. Enhanced cross-linking immunoprecipitation and sequencing (eCLIP-seq), SLAM-seq (metabolic RNA labeling + sequencing), transcriptome and proteome analysis, ZAP overexpression mBio High 33947766
2019 ZAP suppresses HTLV-1 viral transcript levels in a dose-dependent manner; overexpression of ZAP reduced virus production and siRNA knockdown of endogenous ZAP increased virus production. HTLV-1's high CG dinucleotide content is associated with susceptibility to ZAP-mediated restriction. ZAP overexpression, siRNA knockdown, virus production assay (CAGE sequencing for transcript analysis) Retrovirology Medium 31842935
2020 ZC3HAV1 is induced by IFN-β/IFNAR signaling during influenza A virus (IAV) and Sendai virus infection; knockdown of ZC3HAV1 enhanced IAV replication by impairing IFN-β and MxA production, while overexpression of ZC3HAV1 restricted IAV replication by increasing IFN-β expression and promoting TNF and IL-6 induction. siRNA knockdown, ectopic overexpression, viral replication assay, cytokine measurement, IFNAR deficiency (genetic) Frontiers in microbiology Medium 32922375
2024 ZC3HAV1 (ZAP) potentiates STING activation by directly associating with STING protein to promote its oligomerization and translocation from the ER to the Golgi, facilitating downstream IRF3 and NF-κB pathway activation; Zc3hav1-deficient mice show reduced inflammation upon HSV-1 infection or DMXAA treatment in a STING-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation, STING oligomerization assay, ER-to-Golgi translocation assay, genetic KO (Zc3hav1-deficient mice), in vivo infection model, IRF3/NF-κB pathway activation assay Communications biology High 39478149
2024 ZAP/ZC3HAV1 interacts with NLRP3 and promotes NLRP3 oligomerization, thereby facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages; the shorter isoform ZAPS shows greater activity than ZAPL in this context. Zap-deficient mice show reduced susceptibility to alum-induced peritonitis and LPS-induced sepsis. Co-immunoprecipitation, NLRP3 oligomerization assay, inflammasome activation assay, Zap-deficient mouse model (peritonitis and sepsis in vivo) International immunopharmacology High 38663314
2023 ZC3HAV1 dampens and shortens cytokine (IFNG, TNF, IL2) production duration in human T cells by binding to their 3' UTRs; RNA aptamer-based capture assay identified ZC3HAV1 as one of >130 RBPs interacting with cytokine 3' UTRs, with its interaction showing plasticity upon T cell activation. RNA aptamer-based capture assay, RBP-RNA interaction mapping, T cell activation assay, cytokine production measurement Cell reports Medium 37074914
2021 ZC3HAV1 was identified as an interaction partner of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein by affinity purification and mass spectrometry in HEK293T and Calu-3 cells. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP-MS) Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Low 34578187
2023 ZCCHC3 associates with ZC3HAV1/ZAP as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation; collectively, evidence from subcellular localization, Co-IP, and velocity gradient centrifugation links both proteins to the RNA exosome complex for retrotransposon control. Co-immunoprecipitation, velocity gradient centrifugation, co-localization microscopy PLoS genetics Medium 37405998
2023 KHNYN's nuclear export signal (NES) in its CUBAN domain is required for its cytoplasmic localization and interaction with ZAP; deletion or mutation of the NES increased KHNYN nuclear localization and decreased its interaction with ZAP, reducing antiviral activity against retroviruses. Co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular localization assay, antiviral activity assay, CUBAN domain deletion and NES mutagenesis Journal of virology Medium 36633408
2025 Porcine ZAP long isoform (pZAPL), encoded by ZC3HAV1, inhibits PCV2 replication by targeting ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 mRNAs; dual luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation analyses confirmed direct binding to these viral mRNAs and showed pZAPL overexpression impacts their mRNA stability. pZAPL shows stronger antiviral activity than pZAPS against PCV2. Dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, mRNA stability assay, overexpression Veterinary microbiology Medium 41076738
2021 ZC3HAV1 directly binds to KRAS by immunoprecipitation and positively regulates KRAS expression, activating the MAPK signaling pathway (increasing p-ERK levels); knockdown of KRAS attenuated ZC3HAV1-mediated promotion of proliferation and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown (KRAS), overexpression, Western blot (p-ERK), cell proliferation and invasion assay Aging Low 34319912

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 50 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2021 The SARS-CoV-2 RNA interactome. Molecular cell 132 33989516
2015 The Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein ZAP Inhibits LINE and Alu Retrotransposition. PLoS genetics 123 25951186
2015 The Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Protein ZAP Restricts Human Retrotransposition. PLoS genetics 114 26001115
2013 Prenylome profiling reveals S-farnesylation is crucial for membrane targeting and antiviral activity of ZAP long-isoform. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 23776219
2014 PARP13 regulates cellular mRNA post-transcriptionally and functions as a pro-apoptotic factor by destabilizing TRAILR4 transcript. Nature communications 93 25382312
2013 Zinc-finger antiviral protein mediates retinoic acid inducible gene I-like receptor-independent antiviral response to murine leukemia virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 73 23836649
2021 Pan-ancestry exome-wide association analyses of COVID-19 outcomes in 586,157 individuals. American journal of human genetics 72 34115965
2015 Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-13 and RNA regulation in immunity and cancer. Trends in molecular medicine 66 25851173
2012 Poly(ADP-ribose) regulates post-transcriptional gene regulation in the cytoplasm. RNA biology 56 22531498
2015 Trans-species polymorphism in humans and the great apes is generally maintained by balancing selection that modulates the host immune response. Human genomics 50 26337052
2016 Nuclear Functions of Nucleolin through Global Proteomics and Interactomic Approaches. Journal of proteome research 43 27049334
2021 The Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein ZAP Restricts Human Cytomegalovirus and Selectively Binds and Destabilizes Viral UL4/UL5 Transcripts. mBio 42 33947766
2020 Genomic Analyses Reveal Genetic Adaptations to Tropical Climates in Chickens. iScience 38 33103083
2020 Zinc Finger CCCH-Type Antiviral Protein 1 Restricts the Viral Replication by Positively Regulating Type I Interferon Response. Frontiers in microbiology 37 32922375
2016 Innate Immune Responses in ALV-J Infected Chicks and Chickens with Hemangioma In Vivo. Frontiers in microbiology 34 27252695
2023 Time-dependent regulation of cytokine production by RNA binding proteins defines T cell effector function. Cell reports 32 37074914
2021 Interactome Analysis of the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 32 34578187
2018 Intravenous injections of the oncolytic virus M1 as a novel therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cell death & disease 31 29449555
2021 The Interaction of Human and Epstein-Barr Virus miRNAs with Multiple Sclerosis Risk Loci. International journal of molecular sciences 29 33805769
2019 HTLV-1 contains a high CG dinucleotide content and is susceptible to the host antiviral protein ZAP. Retrovirology 28 31842935
2012 A trans-specific polymorphism in ZC3HAV1 is maintained by long-standing balancing selection and may confer susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Molecular biology and evolution 24 22319148
2011 Identification of host genes linked with the survivability of chickens infected with recombinant viruses possessing H5N1 surface antigens from a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Journal of virology 23 22190712
2021 ZC3HAV1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis via regulating KRAS in pancreatic cancer. Aging 20 34319912
2011 MYBPC1 computational phosphoprotein network construction and analysis between frontal cortex of HIV encephalitis (HIVE) and HIVE-control patients. Cellular and molecular neurobiology 19 21061152
2024 The antiviral state of the cell: lessons from SARS-CoV-2. Current opinion in immunology 15 38795501
2024 Versatility of the Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) As a Modulator of Viral Infections. International journal of biological sciences 13 39309436
2022 Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the genetic program in Zika virus-infected macrophages. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 13 36257579
2024 Expression profiling of cerebrospinal fluid identifies dysregulated antiviral mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Brain : a journal of neurology 10 38038362
2020 Pinpointing miRNA and genes enrichment over trait-relevant tissue network in Genome-Wide Association Studies. BMC medical genomics 9 33371893
2023 ZCCHC3 is a stress granule zinc knuckle protein that strongly suppresses LINE-1 retrotransposition. PLoS genetics 8 37405998
2023 A Nuclear Export Signal in KHNYN Required for Its Antiviral Activity Evolved as ZAP Emerged in Tetrapods. Journal of virology 7 36633408
2021 Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with kinase fusions in Taiwan. Scientific reports 6 33707599
2016 CD25 Expression in B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma Predicts t(9;22)(q34;q11)/Philadelphia Chromosome Translocation (Ph) and Is Associated With Residual Disease in Ph-Negative Patients. American journal of clinical pathology 6 28430957
2024 Proteogenomic characterization of difficult-to-treat breast cancer with tumor cells enriched through laser microdissection. Breast cancer research : BCR 5 38745208
2024 ZC3HAV1 facilitates STING activation and enhances inflammation. Communications biology 5 39478149
2023 The 3' Non-Coding Sequence Negatively Regulates PD-L1 Expression, and Its Regulators Are Systematically Identified in Pan-Cancer. Genes 5 37628671
2022 Exploiting Interdata Relationships in Prostate Cancer Proteomes: Clinical Significance of HO-1 Interactors. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 5 35204174
2025 Structural and functional characterization of the extended-diKH domain from the antiviral endoribonuclease KHNYN. The Journal of biological chemistry 4 39984050
2025 Involvement of lncRNAs NEAT1 and ZBTB11-AS1 in Active and Persistent HIV-1 Infection in C20 Human Microglial Cell Line. International journal of molecular sciences 4 40429887
2025 Activity of STAMP inhibitors in ABL2 rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia is dependent on the Abl2 SH3 domain. Blood neoplasia 4 40678005
2024 ZAP facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome activation via promoting the oligomerization of NLRP3. International immunopharmacology 4 38663314
2023 Whole-genome sequencing of cryopreserved resources from French Large White pigs at two distinct sampling times reveals strong signatures of convergent and divergent selection between the dam and sire lines. Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE 3 36864379
2018 Identification of DNA methylation regulated novel host genes relevant to inhibition of virus replication in porcine PK15 cell using double stranded RNA mimics and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Genomics 3 30315899
2025 Differentially expressed ncRNAs as key regulators in infection of human bronchial epithelial cells by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 2 40510596
2023 Association of ZC3HAV1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease. BMC medical genomics 2 37221558
2021 Minimal impact of ZAP on lentiviral vector production and transduction efficiency. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 2 34703838
2025 Retinal proteomic analysis reveals ON/OFF visual stimulation-specific changes in a Guinea pig myopia model. Experimental eye research 1 40865599
2026 A Single-cell Transcriptome-wide Association Study Reveals Susceptibility Genes for Age-related Hearing Loss. Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics 0 41495531
2026 Transcriptomic Profile of Glioblastoma Cells Infected with Zika Virus: A Systematic Review and Pathway Analysis. Viruses 0 41754592
2025 Zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) inhibits PCV2 replication by targeting ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 mRNA. Veterinary microbiology 0 41076738

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