Affinage

WHR1

Winged helix repair factor 1 · UniProt P49842

Length
254 aa
Mass
28.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-11
100 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

STK19 (originally G11) is a nuclear, chromatin-associated factor essential for transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) (PMID:39547223, PMID:39547229). Crystallography resolved it not as the serine/threonine kinase implied by early biochemical work but as a tandem winged-helix (WH) protein whose third WH domain mediates homodimerization and double-stranded DNA/RNA binding through a positively charged interface centered on helix WH3-H1; both dimerization and DNA binding are required for nuclear localization and for supporting cell proliferation (PMID:38252411). In TC-NER, STK19 is an integral component of the lesion-stalled RNA Pol II repair complex, recruited through direct interaction with CSA and able to bind RPB1/RNA Pol II directly, where it bridges CSA, UVSSA, RNA Pol II, and downstream DNA (PMID:39547223, PMID:39353615). There it stabilizes the complex, stimulates CRL4CSA-mediated ubiquitylation of RNA Pol II at RPB1-K1268 and promotes UVSSA ubiquitination, and positions TFIIH—via interaction with its XPD subunit—onto DNA ahead of RNA Pol II to drive lesion verification and Pol II clearance (PMID:39547223, PMID:39547228, PMID:39353615). Cell-free reconstitution confirms STK19, alongside CSB, CRL4CSA, UVSSA, and ELOF1, is required for repair of a site-specific lesion (PMID:39547228). Earlier reports of STK19 kinase activity and of an oncogenic NRAS-phosphorylating role were not reproduced: STK19 is exclusively nuclear with no detectable kinase activity, and the purported cancer-driving D89N substitution falls outside the coding region (PMID:32531245). Cancer-associated mutations instead map to the WH3-H1 DNA-binding patch and compromise dsDNA binding without disrupting folding (PMID:38890355).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 7 steps
  1. 1994 Medium

    Defining the genomic structure of the MHC class III G11 gene established it as a transcribed, alternatively spliced locus encoding a ~254-258 residue protein, providing the molecular starting point for functional study.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, genomic sequencing, and exon mapping of the human MHC class III region

    PMID:8012361

    Open questions at the time
    • Function of the encoded protein undefined
    • Homology calls to P450 and a viral tyrosine kinase were sequence-based, not functional
  2. 1998 Medium

    An attempt to assign biochemical activity reported G11/STK19 as a nuclear Mn2+-dependent Ser/Thr kinase, an interpretation later overturned but which fixed the protein's nuclear localization.

    Evidence Baculovirus/COS-7 expression, immunoprecipitation kinase assays, active-site K317P mutagenesis, ATP-analogue labeling, immunofluorescence

    PMID:9812991

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase activity not confirmed by later structural and biochemical work
    • Physiological substrate never established
  3. 2019 Low

    STK19 was advanced as an NRAS-phosphorylating kinase driving melanomagenesis, framing it as an oncogenic kinase and drug target—a model subsequently disputed.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, co-IP, D89N knockin mice, pharmacological inhibition (ZT-12-037-01)

    PMID:30712867

    Open questions at the time
    • NRAS phosphorylation by STK19 could not be reproduced
    • D89N maps outside the protein coding region
    • No kinase domain present in the protein structure
  4. 2020 Medium

    Re-annotation and independent assays corrected the gene model and refuted the kinase paradigm, showing STK19 is exclusively nuclear/chromatin-associated and 110 residues shorter than databases indicated.

    Evidence Gene structure re-annotation, immunofluorescence/fractionation, independent kinase assays

    PMID:32531245

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not yet define the true molecular activity
    • Chromatin function unspecified
  5. 2024 High

    A 1.32-A crystal structure redefined STK19 as a tandem winged-helix protein, identifying WH3-mediated dimerization and a dsDNA/dsRNA-binding interface required for nuclear localization and proliferation.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis, DNA/RNA binding assays, knockdown with phenotypic rescue; companion structure mapped cancer mutations to the WH3-H1 patch

    PMID:38252411 PMID:38890355

    Open questions at the time
    • Initial repair-factor links (RPA2, PCNA) less defined than the later TC-NER mechanism
    • How DNA binding couples to specific repair steps not resolved here
  6. 2024 High

    Cryo-EM and reconstitution established STK19 as an integral TC-NER factor that bridges CSA, UVSSA, RNA Pol II, and DNA to stimulate CRL4CSA ubiquitylation and TFIIH positioning, resolving its physiological role.

    Evidence Cryo-EM of the RNA Pol II-TC-NER complex (down to 1.9 A), cell-free TC-NER reconstitution in Xenopus egg extract, co-IP, ubiquitylation and repair/transcription-restart assays, XPD-interface mutagenesis

    PMID:39353615 PMID:39547223 PMID:39547228 PMID:39547229

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether STK19 acts solely structurally or contributes additional enzymatic chemistry unresolved
    • Precise mechanism of TFIIH translocation ahead of Pol II based partly on modeling
  7. 2024 Medium

    STK19 inhibition was linked to MGMT depletion and cisplatin sensitization, connecting its repair function to a candidate therapeutic vulnerability in carcinoma.

    Evidence CRISPR/Cas9 screen, genetic and pharmacological STK19 inhibition with cisplatin combination in vitro and in xenografts

    PMID:41121307

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link between STK19 and MGMT levels not defined
    • Tested in tongue squamous cell carcinoma context only

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved whether STK19's dsRNA binding and its broader chromatin/genome-maintenance roles extend beyond TC-NER, and how its DNA-binding interface is mechanistically coupled to lesion verification.
  • Function of dsRNA binding unknown
  • Role in mismatch repair vs TC-NER not disentangled
  • No catalytic activity assigned

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 2
Partners
CSAPCNARPA2RPB1TFIIHUVSSAXPD
Complex memberships
RNA Pol II-TC-NER complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 The G11 gene in the human MHC class III region spans ~9.1 kb, is split into 7 exons, has a CpG island at its 5' end, and encodes protein products of 254 or 258 amino acids (due to differential splicing of two sites 12 bp apart at the end of exon 3). The encoded polypeptides share homology with human cytochrome P450XIB1 and the tyrosine kinase transforming protein from Fujinami virus. cDNA cloning, genomic sequencing, Northern blot, exon mapping Human molecular genetics Medium 8012361
1998 The G11 gene (MHC class III) encodes a Ser/Thr protein kinase of 41.5 kDa and 30 kDa isoforms. After immunoprecipitation from baculovirus-infected insect cells or transfected COS-7 cells, the immunoprecipitates displayed Mn2+-dependent kinase activity phosphorylating alpha-casein at Ser/Thr residues and histone at Ser residues. Mutation of the invariant lysine (K317P) in the putative ATP-binding site completely abolished kinase activity. The G11 polypeptide was covalently modified by the reactive ATP analogue 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine, and this modification was blocked by 1 mM ATP. Immunofluorescence of transfected COS-7 cells showed the kinase localizes predominantly to the nucleus. Baculovirus expression, immunoprecipitation kinase assay, active-site mutagenesis (K317P), ATP analogue labeling, immunofluorescence The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 9812991
2019 STK19 was reported to phosphorylate NRAS, enhancing its binding to downstream effectors and promoting oncogenic NRAS-driven melanocyte malignant transformation. A recurrent D89N substitution was described as a gain-of-function mutation that interacts better with NRAS. STK19D89N knockin mice showed skin hyperpigmentation and promoted NRASQ61R-driven melanomagenesis in vivo. A specific STK19 inhibitor (ZT-12-037-01) blocked NRAS-driven melanocyte transformation and melanoma growth. In vitro kinase assay, co-immunoprecipitation, knockin mouse model, pharmacological inhibition Cell Low 30712867
2020 STK19 was shown to be exclusively nuclear and chromatin-associated. The expressed protein is 110 amino acids shorter than indicated by databases (the 'cancer-driving' D89N substitution falls outside the coding region). No evidence for STK19 being a kinase was found; NRAS phosphorylation by STK19 could not be reproduced. Re-annotation of gene structure, subcellular localization (immunofluorescence, fractionation), independent kinase assays Cell Medium 32531245
2024 Crystal structure of human STK19 at 1.32 Å resolution revealed it does not contain a kinase domain, but rather three intimately packed winged helix (WH) domains. The third WH domain mediates homodimerization and double-stranded DNA binding; both activities are required for nuclear localization. STK19 binds dsDNA and dsRNA through the same positively charged interface centered on helix WH3-H1. STK19 participates in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and mismatch repair (MMR) by recruiting repair factors RPA2 and PCNA. Dimerization and DNA-binding mutants cannot rescue the slow proliferation phenotype of STK19-knockdown cells. X-ray crystallography (1.32 Å), mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, DNA/RNA binding assays, knockdown with phenotypic rescue The Journal of cell biology High 38252411
2024 STK19 is an essential factor for transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). Cryo-EM structure shows STK19 is an integral component of the RNA Pol II-TC-NER complex, bridging CSA, UVSSA, RNA Pol II, and downstream DNA. STK19 stimulates TC-NER complex stability and CRL4CSA ubiquitin ligase activity, resulting in efficient RNA Pol II ubiquitylation at RPB1-K1268 and correct UVSSA and TFIIH binding/recruitment. Cryo-EM structure, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitylation assays, loss-of-function (siRNA/KO) with repair and transcription restart readouts Molecular cell High 39547223
2024 STK19 is required for TC-NER and facilitates clearance of lesion-stalled RNA Pol II. Loss of STK19 does not impair initial TC-NER complex assembly or RNAPII ubiquitylation but delays RNAPII removal from lesion sites, blocking downstream repair. Cryo-EM and mutational analysis show STK19 positions itself between RNAPII, UVSSA, and CSA; molecular modeling suggests STK19 positions the ATPase subunits of TFIIH onto DNA ahead of RNAPII. Cryo-EM structure, genetic KO, live-cell imaging of RNAPII dynamics, mutational analysis Cell High 39547229
2024 STK19 positions TFIIH for TC-NER via interaction with both CSA/RPB1 and the XPD subunit of TFIIH. Cell-free TC-NER reconstituted in frog egg extract showed that repair of a site-specific lesion-containing plasmid requires STK19, CSB, CRL4CSA, UVSSA, and ELOF1. A 1.9-Å cryo-EM structure shows STK19 binds the TC-NER complex through CSA and RPB1. Disruption of the predicted STK19-XPD interface impairs cell-free repair. Cell-free TC-NER reconstitution in Xenopus egg extract, cryo-EM (1.9 Å), AlphaFold interface prediction with mutagenesis validation Cell High 39547228
2024 STK19 is recruited to DNA damage sites through direct interaction with CSA. STK19 can also interact with RNA Pol II directly in vitro. STK19 promotes UVSSA ubiquitination, which is required for TC-NER. STK19 also stimulates TFIIH recruitment independently of UVSSA ubiquitination through direct interaction with TFIIH. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro binding assay, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown with TC-NER and unscheduled DNA synthesis readouts Nucleic acids research High 39353615
2024 Cancer-associated mutations K186N, R200W, and R215W (found in cancer patients) map to a conserved positively charged patch on helix WH3-H1 and compromise STK19 dsDNA binding without disrupting protein folding. Mutations disrupting the nuclear localization signal (NLS) motif also impair DNA binding capacity indirectly by preventing nuclear entry. X-ray crystallography (1.32 Å), site-directed mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)/DNA binding assay Scientific reports High 38890355
2024 STK19 inhibition depletes MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) and enhances cisplatin-induced DNA damage in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells, leading to synergistic cell killing in combination with cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9 library screen, genetic and pharmacological STK19 inhibition, cisplatin combination assays in vitro and xenograft models Journal of translational medicine Medium 41121307

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 Activation of phospholipase C by the alpha subunits of the Gq and G11 proteins in transfected Cos-7 cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 303 1309799
1992 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors activate phospholipase C by coupling to the guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins Gq and G11. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 250 1333052
1993 Purification from Sf9 cells and characterization of recombinant Gq alpha and G11 alpha. Activation of purified phospholipase C isozymes by G alpha subunits. The Journal of biological chemistry 238 8314796
2015 P2Y₂ and Gq/G₁₁ control blood pressure by mediating endothelial mechanotransduction. The Journal of clinical investigation 171 26168216
1999 Sugar ring distortion in the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate of a family G/11 xylanase. Biochemistry 158 10220321
2003 Receptor-dependent RhoA activation in G12/G13-deficient cells: genetic evidence for an involvement of Gq/G11. The Journal of biological chemistry 157 12771155
1997 The human thromboxane A2 receptor alpha isoform (TP alpha) functionally couples to the G proteins Gq and G11 in vivo and is activated by the isoprostane 8-epi prostaglandin F2 alpha. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 127 9152406
2005 Characterization of a novel P[25],G11 human group a rotavirus. Journal of clinical microbiology 110 16000437
2007 Thyrocyte-specific Gq/G11 deficiency impairs thyroid function and prevents goiter development. The Journal of clinical investigation 107 17694176
2010 Reassortment of human rotavirus gene segments into G11 rotavirus strains. Emerging infectious diseases 90 20350376
2000 Pleiotropic effects of Pasteurella multocida toxin are mediated by Gq-dependent and -independent mechanisms. involvement of Gq but not G11. The Journal of biological chemistry 87 11062245
2019 Pharmacological Targeting of STK19 Inhibits Oncogenic NRAS-Driven Melanomagenesis. Cell 78 30712867
2009 Anaphylactic shock depends on endothelial Gq/G11. The Journal of experimental medicine 78 19171764
2006 Parathyroid-specific double knockout of Gq and G11 alpha-subunits leads to a phenotype resembling germline knockout of the extracellular Ca2+ -sensing receptor. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 76 16988000
2006 Up-regulation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor by the MAS proto-oncogene is due to constitutive activation of Gq/G11 by MAS. The Journal of biological chemistry 72 16611642
1997 Distinct functions of Gq and G11 proteins in coupling alpha1-adrenoreceptors to Ca2+ release and Ca2+ entry in rat portal vein myocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 71 9030598
1994 The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor of alpha T3-1 pituitary cells regulates cellular levels of both of the phosphoinositidase C-linked G proteins, Gq alpha and G11 alpha, equally. Molecular pharmacology 70 8058044
1997 Single point mutations may affect the serotype reactivity of serotype G11 porcine rotavirus strains: a widening spectrum? Journal of virology 69 9343172
1995 Characterization of Gq family G proteins GL1 alpha (G14 alpha), GL2 alpha (G11 alpha), and Gq alpha expressed in the baculovirus-insect cell system. The Journal of biological chemistry 69 7890762
2010 The Gq/G11-mediated signaling pathway is critical for autocrine potentiation of insulin secretion in mice. The Journal of clinical investigation 66 20440069
1993 Enhanced degradation of the phosphoinositidase C-linked guanine-nucleotide-binding protein Gq alpha/G11 alpha following activation of the human M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in CHO cells. The Biochemical journal 65 8393663
1995 Close association of the alpha subunits of Gq and G11 G proteins with actin filaments in WRK1 cells: relation to G protein-mediated phospholipase C activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 63 7667304
2006 Forebrain-specific inactivation of Gq/G11 family G proteins results in age-dependent epilepsy and impaired endocannabinoid formation. Molecular and cellular biology 60 16847339
1993 Regional distribution and quantitative measurement of the phosphoinositidase C-linked guanine nucleotide binding proteins G11 alpha and Gq alpha in rat brain. Journal of neurochemistry 55 8395563
1993 The human muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor, when express in CHO cells, activates and downregulates both Gq alpha and G11 alpha equally and non-selectively. FEBS letters 54 8508928
1995 Degradation of G11 alpha/Gq alpha is accelerated by agonist occupancy of alpha 1A/D, alpha 1B, and alpha 1C adrenergic receptors. The Journal of biological chemistry 50 7615517
1996 Prolonged exposure to agonist results in a reduction in the levels of the Gq/G11 alpha subunits in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Molecular pharmacology 49 8569718
2008 Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange reveals the selective use of Gq/G11-dependent and -independent endothelin 1/endothelin type A receptor signaling in pharyngeal arch development. Development (Cambridge, England) 47 18199583
1995 A new alpha chain variant Hb Sallanches [alpha 2 104(G11) Cys-->Tyr] associated with HbH disease in one homozygous patient. British journal of haematology 47 8555062
1995 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor agonist-mediated down-regulation of Gq alpha/G11 alpha (pertussis toxin-insensitive) G proteins in alpha T3-1 gonadotroph cells reflects increased G protein turnover but not alterations in mRNA levels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 45 7892195
1993 Distribution and relative levels of expression of the phosphoinositidase-C-linked G-proteins Gq alpha and G11 alpha: absence of G11 alpha in human platelets and haemopoietically derived cell lines. Biochimica et biophysica acta 44 8218363
1994 Characterization of neutralization epitopes on the VP7 surface protein of serotype G11 porcine rotaviruses. The Journal of general virology 43 7519247
1996 Chemical cross-linking of the substance P (NK-1) receptor to the alpha subunits of the G proteins Gq and G11. Biochemistry 40 8608128
1994 Agonist-induced transfer of the alpha subunits of the guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins Gq and G11 and of muscarinic m1 acetylcholine receptors from plasma membranes to a light-vesicular membrane fraction. European journal of biochemistry 40 7925360
1997 A novel human rotavirus serotype with dual G5-G11 specificity. The Journal of general virology 39 9191932
1995 The role of palmitoylation of the guanine nucleotide binding protein G11 alpha in defining interaction with the plasma membrane. The Biochemical journal 39 7575398
1999 Signal transduction and hormone-dependent internalization of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor in cells lacking Gq and G11. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 10336475
1992 Immunohistochemical distribution of neurons containing the G-proteins Gq alpha/G11 alpha in the adult rat brain. Neuroscience 37 1465195
1997 Fluoxetine gradually increases [125I]DOI-labelled 5-HT2A/2C receptors in the hypothalamus without changing the levels of Gq- and G11-proteins. Brain research 35 9439849
1997 Parathyroid hormone inhibits Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase through Gq/G11 and the calcium-independent phospholipase A2. The American journal of physiology 34 9227640
2024 STK19 positions TFIIH for cell-free transcription-coupled DNA repair. Cell 33 39547228
1996 Transformation of Rat-1 fibroblasts with the v-src oncogene increases the tyrosine phosphorylation state and activity of the alpha subunit of Gq/G11. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 33 8710857
1996 Modulation of phospholipase C pathway and level of Gq alpha/G11 alpha in rat myometrium during gestation. The American journal of physiology 33 8843720
1994 Characterisation of the novel gene G11 lying adjacent to the complement C4A gene in the human major histocompatibility complex. Human molecular genetics 33 8012361
2012 Full-length genome analysis of G2, G9 and G11 porcine group A rotaviruses. Veterinary microbiology 31 23017831
2024 STK19 facilitates the clearance of lesion-stalled RNAPII during transcription-coupled DNA repair. Cell 29 39547229
2020 Targeting NRAS-Mutant Cancers with the Selective STK19 Kinase Inhibitor Chelidonine. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 29 32156748
2019 Lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis Y17 and Pediococcus pentosaceus G11, improved growth performance, and immunity of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Fish & shellfish immunology 28 31326583
2020 Evidence That STK19 Is Not an NRAS-dependent Melanoma Driver. Cell 27 32531245
2024 STK19 drives transcription-coupled repair by stimulating repair complex stability, RNA Pol II ubiquitylation, and TFIIH recruitment. Molecular cell 25 39547223
2000 Purification and characterization of a family G/11 beta-xylanase from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 25 10737210
2024 STK19 is a transcription-coupled repair factor that participates in UVSSA ubiquitination and TFIIH loading. Nucleic acids research 24 39353615
2018 Genome analysis provides insights into crude oil degradation and biosurfactant production by extremely halotolerant Halomonas desertis G11 isolated from Chott El-Djerid salt-lake in Tunisian desert. Genomics 24 30529640
2016 Loss of epithelial Gq and G11 signaling inhibits TGFβ production but promotes IL-33-mediated macrophage polarization and emphysema. Science signaling 24 27811142
1998 The G11 gene located in the major histocompatibility complex encodes a novel nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 9812991
2002 Opsin-G11-mediated signaling pathway for photic entrainment of the chicken pineal circadian clock. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 23 12196552
2000 Inhibition of subsets of G protein-coupled receptors by empty mutants of G protein alpha subunits in g(o), G(11), and G(16). The Journal of biological chemistry 23 10617587
1998 Differential localization of the mRNAs for the pertussis toxin insensitive G-protein alpha sub-units Gq, G11, and Gz in the rat brain, and regulation of their expression after striatal deafferentation. Brain research. Molecular brain research 22 9555065
1995 Down-regulation of the G-proteins Gq alpha and G11 alpha by transfected human M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in Chinese hamster ovary cells is independent of receptor down-regulation. The Biochemical journal 22 7654194
1994 Regulation by growth factors of angiotensin II type-1 receptor and the alpha subunit of Gq and G11 in bovine adrenal cells. Endocrinology 20 8013389
2012 Isolation, purification, and characterization of a thermostable xylanase from a novel strain, Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 19 22580312
2024 STK19 is a DNA/RNA-binding protein critical for DNA damage repair and cell proliferation. The Journal of cell biology 15 38252411
2021 Exopolysaccharide of Anoxybacillus pushchinoensis G11 has antitumor and antibiofilm activities. Archives of microbiology 14 33604750
2000 Hb Sallanches [alpha104(G11)Cys-->Tyr]: a rare alpha2-globin chain variant found in the homozygous state in three members of a Pakistani family. Hemoglobin 14 10722113
2008 Antagonistic regulation of neurite morphology through Gq/G11 and G12/G13. The Journal of biological chemistry 13 18854320
1996 A constitutively active mutant of the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor can cause greater agonist-dependent down-regulation of the G-proteins G9 alpha and G11 alpha than the wild-type receptor. The Biochemical journal 13 8947470
2022 Extremophilic Bacterium Halomonas desertis G11 as a Cell Factory for Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate Copolymer's Production. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 12 35677302
2013 Gq rather than G11 preferentially mediates nociceptor sensitization. Molecular pain 12 24156378
2011 Distribution of anaerobic methane-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing communities in the G11 Nyegga pockmark, Norwegian Sea. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 12 21751028
1999 Cellular and subcellular expression of Golf/Gs and Gq/G11 alpha-subunits in rat pancreatic endocrine cells. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 12 10026232
2005 Hb Oegstgeest [alpha104(G11)Cys-->Ser (alpha1)]. A new hemoglobin variant associated with a mild alpha-thalassemia phenotype. Hemoglobin 11 16114179
1994 Concurrent specific immunological detection of both primate and rodent forms of the guanine nucleotide binding protein G11 alpha following their coexpression. Biochimica et biophysica acta 11 8038205
2015 Studies on properties of the xylan‑binding domain and linker sequence of xylanase XynG1‑1 from Paenibacillus campinasensis G1‑1. Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology 10 26467249
2000 Hb Johnstown [beta 109 (G11) Val-->Leu]: second case described and associated for the first time with beta(0)-thalassemia in two Spanish families. American journal of hematology 10 11074558
1998 Absence of activating mutations of the genes encoding the alpha-subunits of G11 and Gq in thyroid neoplasia. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 10 9467574
2024 Mutations found in cancer patients compromise DNA binding of the winged helix protein STK19. Scientific reports 8 38890355
1995 Developmental regulation of the alpha-subunit of Gq/G11 as determined by quantitative immunoblot analysis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 7755597
2024 STK19 positions TFIIH for cell-free transcription-coupled DNA repair. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 7 39091863
2021 Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Enhanced Biological Activities of Exopolysaccharide from Halomonas desertis G11: Biochemical and Genomic Insights. Polymers 7 34771355
2004 Hb Johnstown [beta109(G11)Val-->Leu]: A high oxygen affinity variant associated with beta0-thalassemia. Hemoglobin 7 15658189
2024 STK19 facilitates the clearance of lesion-stalled RNAPII during transcription-coupled DNA repair. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 6 39091731
2021 1-Methoxylespeflorin G11 Protects HT22 Cells from Glutamate-Induced Cell Death through Inhibition of ROS Production and Apoptosis. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 6 33397834
2017 Complete Genome Sequence of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Strain G11, a Model Sulfate-Reducing, Hydrogenotrophic, and Syntrophic Partner Organism. Genome announcements 6 29074670
2012 Symptomatic erythrocytosis associated with a compound heterozygosity for Hb Lepore-Boston-Washington (δ87-β116) and Hb Johnstown [β109(G11)Val→Leu, GTG>TTG]. Hemoglobin 6 22563907
2005 Agonist-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Gq/G11 alpha requires the intact structure of membrane domains. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 15694379
2009 In vitro renaturation of alkaline family G/11 xylanase via a folding intermediate: alpha-crystallin facilitates refolding in an ATP-independent manner. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 5 20703955
1998 Specificity of G(q) and G(11) Protein Signaling in Vascular Myocytes. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 5 21235927
2016 Cytotoxic activity of the novel heterocyclic compound G-11 is primarily mediated through intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 4 27154302
1999 Cholera toxin mediated regulation of the expression of Gq alpha and G11 alpha GTP binding proteins. Experimental & molecular medicine 4 10410308
1995 Alterations of brain levels of phosphoinositidase-C-linked Gq alpha/G11 alpha proteins and motor function in rats after cardiac arrest. Stroke 4 7762025
2025 Novel HN-AD bacterium G11: Deciphering the denitrification mechanism and nanoFe3O4 enhancement research. Environmental research 3 40816687
2025 CRISPR/Cas9 library screening reveals that STK19 has synergistic antitumor effects when combined with cisplatin on tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of translational medicine 3 41121307
2024 Gq/G11 oncogenic mutations promote PD-L1 expression and suppress tumor immunity. European journal of cell biology 3 39550833
2009 Hb Sallanches [alpha104(G11)Cys-->Tyr, TGC>TAC] occurs frequently on the Indian subcontinent. Hemoglobin 3 19958194
2004 Computational analysis of responsible dipeptides for optimum pH in G/11 xylanase. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 3 15358189
2002 Identification of the 48-kDa G11 protein from guinea pig testes as sperad. The Journal of experimental zoology 3 12410611
2025 Protective effect and mechanism of plant-derived Lactobacillus G11 on septic myocardial injury. International immunopharmacology 2 39827668
2024 Unlocking transcription-coupled DNA repair with the STK19 key. Molecular cell 2 39706162
2022 Upgrading the accumulation of ginsenoside Rd in Panax notoginseng by a novel glycosidase-producing endophytic fungus G11-7. Folia microbiologica 2 36571675
2016 Investigating the expression of F10 and G11 xylanases in Aspergillus niger A09 with qPCR. Canadian journal of microbiology 2 27348293

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