Affinage

VPS39

Vam6/Vps39-like protein · UniProt Q96JC1

Round 2 corrected
Length
886 aa
Mass
101.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
55 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

VPS39 is a core subunit of the HOPS tethering complex that functions at the vacuole/lysosome to promote late endosome–lysosome and autophagosome–lysosome fusion by bridging RAB7 and the STX17–SNAP29–VAMP8 SNARE complex (PMID:9111041, PMID:24554770, PMID:33947832). In yeast, Vps39 additionally acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rag GTPase Gtr1, coupling vacuolar fusion machinery to TORC1 nutrient signaling (PMID:19748353, PMID:22344254), whereas mammalian VPS39 does not function as a Rab7 GEF but regulates lysosomal morphology and cell survival through a Rab7-GTP-independent mechanism (PMID:20363736). Beyond its HOPS role, VPS39 participates in mitochondria–lysosome membrane contact sites to regulate phosphatidylethanolamine transport and BMP lipid biosynthesis independently of the intact HOPS complex (PMID:32058032, PMID:35452878), controls autophagy-dependent ciliogenesis and muscle stem cell differentiation with epigenetic consequences (PMID:32077937, PMID:33893273), and is directly targeted by viral proteins (SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, ASFV CP204L) that sequester it to block autophagic flux and redirect endolysosomal trafficking (PMID:33422265, PMID:36722971).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1997 High

    Identification of Vam6/Vps39 as a vacuolar membrane protein that physically associates with Vam2/Vps41 in a large complex essential for vacuolar assembly established VPS39 as a tethering/fusion factor rather than a sorting receptor or protease.

    Evidence Chemical cross-linking, co-fractionation, GFP imaging, and vacuolar protease processing assays in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:9111041

    Open questions at the time
    • Complete subunit composition of the complex not yet defined
    • Mechanism of membrane tethering unknown
    • No metazoan homolog characterized
  2. 2007 High

    Positional cloning of the zebrafish leberknödel mutant demonstrated that VPS39 is essential for HOPS-dependent vesicle fusion in a multicellular organism, extending its role beyond yeast vacuolar biogenesis to pigmentation, liver, intestine, and immune cell function.

    Evidence Positional cloning, rescue, morpholino knockdown, electron microscopy in zebrafish

    PMID:18077594

    Open questions at the time
    • Mammalian in vivo requirement not yet established
    • Which HOPS subunit interactions are conserved in vertebrates remains undefined
  3. 2009 High

    Discovery that yeast Vam6/Vps39 acts as a GEF for the Rag GTPase Gtr1 to activate TORC1 revealed that VPS39 links vacuolar fusion to nutrient signaling, answering how amino acid availability is communicated to the growth-control machinery at the vacuolar surface.

    Evidence GTP-binding assays, constitutively active/dominant-negative Gtr1 mutants, TORC1 activity readouts, co-immunoprecipitation in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:19748348 PMID:19748353

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the GEF activity is conserved in mammalian VPS39 was untested
    • Structural basis of the GEF mechanism unknown
  4. 2010 High

    Three findings collectively refined VPS39 biology in mammals: mammalian VPS39 does not function as a Rab7 GEF yet regulates lysosomal morphology and cell survival through a GTP-independent mechanism; homozygous VPS39 knockout is embryonic lethal in mice, establishing non-redundant developmental essentiality; and epistasis in S. pombe confirmed evolutionary conservation of the Vam6–Gtr1–TORC1 axis.

    Evidence RILP-based Rab7-GTP pulldown and dominant-negative mutants in mammalian cells; knockout mouse embryonic lethality before E6.5; genetic epistasis in S. pombe

    PMID:20363736 PMID:20961651 PMID:22344254

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the true mammalian Rab7 GEF unresolved
    • Mechanism of Rab7-independent lysosomal morphology control by VPS39 unknown
    • Cause of embryonic lethality not characterized at molecular level
  5. 2014 High

    Demonstration that VPS39 (via HOPS) interacts with the autophagosomal SNARE STX17 and is required for autophagosome–lysosome fusion established VPS39 as a central tethering factor in mammalian autophagy, resolving how autophagosomes are recognized by the lysosomal fusion machinery.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, autophagic flux assays in mammalian cells

    PMID:24554770

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of VPS39–STX17 interaction unknown
    • Whether VPS39 has autophagy functions independent of HOPS not addressed
  6. 2014 Medium

    Identification of hVps39-2/TRAP1 as a Rab5-GTP effector that co-localizes with early endosomes suggested it serves as the Vps3 equivalent in the human CORVET complex, distinguishing VPS39 isoform functions between HOPS and CORVET.

    Evidence In vitro Rab5-GTP binding, co-localization in HEK293 cells, yeast complementation

    PMID:25750764

    Open questions at the time
    • Full reconstitution of human CORVET not achieved
    • Functional distinction between VPS39 isoforms in endosome maturation not fully resolved
  7. 2020 Medium

    Multiple studies revealed HOPS-independent functions of VPS39: it regulates phosphatidylethanolamine transport to mitochondria independent of the intact HOPS or vCLAMP complexes, and it negatively controls ciliogenesis through autophagy-dependent IFT20 localization, expanding VPS39 beyond endolysosomal tethering to organelle lipid homeostasis and ciliary biology.

    Evidence Lipid quantification (TLC, mass spectrometry) with genetic dissection in yeast; siRNA/morpholino knockdown with IFT20 immunofluorescence in human renal cells and medaka fish

    PMID:32058032 PMID:32077937

    Open questions at the time
    • How VPS39 is recruited to mitochondrial membranes independently of HOPS is unknown
    • Whether PE transport and ciliogenesis functions are connected remains untested
    • Each function demonstrated by a single lab
  8. 2020 High

    SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a was shown to directly bind VPS39 and sequester it in late endosomes, blocking HOPS–STX17 and HOPS–RAB7 interactions to inhibit autophagosome–lysosome fusion, revealing VPS39 as a viral target for immune evasion and identifying a molecular basis for autophagy inhibition during COVID-19.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, SNARE assembly assays, RAB7–HOPS interaction assays, fluorescence co-localization, siRNA epistasis in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells

    PMID:33422265 PMID:33947832

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural interface of ORF3a–VPS39 not resolved
    • Whether ORF3a targeting of VPS39 is sufficient for viral pathogenesis in vivo unknown
  9. 2021 High

    VPS39 downregulation in type 2 diabetic myoblasts was shown to impair autophagic flux, dysregulate epigenetic enzyme expression and DNA methylation at myogenic loci, and reduce muscle glucose uptake in heterozygous mice, linking VPS39 to metabolic disease through an autophagy–epigenetic coupling mechanism.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in human primary myoblasts, RRBS, RNA-seq, autophagic flux assays, Vps39+/− mouse glucose uptake measurements

    PMID:33893273

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct causal chain from autophagic flux to specific epigenetic changes not mechanistically resolved
    • Whether VPS39 variants contribute to T2D risk in humans not addressed
  10. 2022 Medium

    VPS39 was identified as a downstream effector of SGPL1 signaling that enhances mitochondria–lysosome membrane contact sites, establishing a second organelle-contact function for VPS39 beyond its yeast PE transport role and linking it to mitochondrial network maintenance under calcium stress.

    Evidence Quantitative proteomics, transcriptomics, biochemical fractionation, MCS imaging in MICU1-deficient mammalian cells and C. elegans

    PMID:35452878

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular determinants of VPS39 recruitment to MCS not defined
    • Whether HOPS-dependent and MCS functions are mutually exclusive is untested
  11. 2023 Medium

    ASFV protein CP204L was found to bind VPS39 and redirect it from the HOPS complex to virus factories, demonstrating that a second unrelated virus independently exploits VPS39 sequestration to reprogram endolysosomal trafficking for replication.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation, fluorescence colocalization, VPS39 knockout/knockdown with viral replication assays

    PMID:36722971

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CP204L and ORF3a bind overlapping VPS39 surfaces is unknown
    • Single lab; independent confirmation pending

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of VPS39 interactions with Rab GTPases, SNAREs, and viral proteins; how VPS39 is partitioned between HOPS-dependent fusion, HOPS-independent lipid transport, and membrane contact site functions; and whether VPS39's autophagy–epigenetic axis in muscle extends to other metabolic tissues.
  • No high-resolution structure of full-length VPS39 or VPS39 in complex with HOPS/RAB7/STX17
  • Molecular switch governing HOPS-dependent versus HOPS-independent VPS39 pools is uncharacterized
  • In vivo relevance of VPS39 in human metabolic disease requires genetic association data

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0003924 GTPase activity 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005764 lysosome 5 GO:0005768 endosome 3 GO:0005773 vacuole 3 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 2
Pathway
R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 5 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 4 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 2
Partners
GTR1RAB5RAB7SGPL1STX17VPS16VPS33AVPS41
Complex memberships
CORVET complexHOPS complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1997 Vam6/Vps39 (123 kDa) and Vam2/Vps41 physically interact and co-exist as components of a large protein complex on vacuolar membranes in S. cerevisiae. Loss of either protein causes accumulation of small vacuole-related structures (~200–400 nm), inefficient processing of vacuolar proteases (proteinase A, B, carboxypeptidase Y, alkaline phosphatase), and missortng of CPY to the cell surface, establishing their role in vacuolar assembly. Chemical cross-linking, co-fractionation, GFP-tagging with live imaging, density gradient fractionation The Journal of biological chemistry High 9111041
2009 Yeast Vam6/Vps39 functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rag GTPase homolog Gtr1, loading it with GTP to activate TORC1 in response to amino acids. GTP-bound Gtr1 interacts strongly with TORC1, and Vam6 thereby connects its established role in vacuolar fusion (HOPS complex) to nutrient-sensitive TORC1 regulation via the EGO complex. GTP-binding assays, constitutively active/dominant-negative Gtr1 mutant expression, TORC1 activity assays, co-immunoprecipitation Molecular cell High 19748348 19748353
2007 Loss of zebrafish vam6/vps39 (lbk mutant) causes hypopigmentation of melanocytes and RPE, absence of iridophore reflections, defects in liver, intestine, vision, and macrophage function, with accumulation of enlarged intracellular vesicles in affected cells. Positional cloning, allele screening, rescue experiments, and morpholino knockdown confirm vam6/vps39 as causative, establishing its essential role in HOPS-mediated vesicle tethering and fusion in a multicellular organism. Positional cloning, rescue experiments, morpholino knockdown, electron microscopy, behavioral/physiological assays Development (Cambridge, England) High 18077594
2010 Mammalian Vps39 (mVps39) induces lysosomal clustering when overexpressed, but contrary to expectation for a Rab7 GEF, does not increase Rab7-GTP levels as measured by RILP effector pulldown. A dominant-negative mVps39 mutant fragments lysosomes and promotes growth factor independence without reducing Rab7-GTP, indicating that mVps39 regulates lysosomal morphology and cell survival via a Rab7-GTP-independent mechanism and is not the bona fide Rab7 GEF. Effector pulldown assay (RILP-based Rab7 activation), dominant-negative mutant expression, lysosome morphology imaging, cell death assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 20363736
2010 VPS39 (also known as TLP/TRAP1-Like-Protein) is essential for early mouse embryonic development; homozygous VPS39-knockout mice die before E6.5, demonstrating a non-redundant in vivo requirement distinct from the paralog TRAP1. Knockout mouse generation, embryonic lethal phenotype analysis Immunobiology Medium 20961651
2012 In fission yeast (S. pombe), Vam6 functions upstream of Gtr1/Gtr2 (Rag GTPase homologs) and upstream of TORC1 in an amino-acid-sensing pathway. Epistasis analysis places Vam6 as the upstream activator in the Vam6–Gtr1/Gtr2–TORC1 axis that promotes cell growth and inhibits sexual differentiation, confirming evolutionary conservation of this signaling pathway. Genetic epistasis analysis, deletion mutants, colocalization imaging, mating/sporulation phenotype assays Journal of cell science Medium 22344254
2014 Human CORVET lacks a defined Vps3 subunit; hVps39-2/TRAP1 (a VPS39 isoform) co-localizes with Rab5-positive endosomes and directly binds Rab5-GTP in vitro, identifying it as an effector of Rab5 and the likely Vps3 subunit of the human CORVET complex. In vitro Rab5-GTP binding assay, co-localization imaging in HEK293 cells and yeast, yeast complementation Cellular logistics Medium 25750764
2014 VPS39 (as a component of the HOPS complex) is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion in mammalian cells. VPS39 knockdown blocks autophagic flux and causes accumulation of STX17/LC3-positive autophagosomes. HOPS interacts with the autophagosomal SNARE STX17 (co-precipitated via VPS33A/VPS16/VPS39), linking VPS39 to the STX17–SNAP29–VAMP8 SNARE assembly needed for fusion. siRNA knockdown, immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, autophagic flux assays, fluorescence microscopy Molecular biology of the cell High 24554770
2020 SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a directly interacts with VPS39, sequestering it in late endosomes, which prevents the HOPS complex from interacting with the autophagosomal SNARE protein STX17, thus blocking assembly of the STX17–SNAP29–VAMP8 SNARE complex required for autophagosome/lysosome fusion and leading to accumulation of unfused autophagosomes. SARS-CoV ORF3a does not interact with HOPS/VPS39. Co-immunoprecipitation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion assays, fluorescence co-localization, siRNA knockdown, SARS-CoV-2 infection Developmental cell High 33422265
2021 VPS39 is downregulated in myoblasts and myotubes from individuals with type 2 diabetes. VPS39 knockdown in human myoblasts impairs autophagic flux, dysregulates insulin signaling, alters epigenetic enzyme expression and DNA methylation at myogenic regulator loci, and perturbs differentiation. Vps39+/− mice display reduced muscle glucose uptake and altered expression of genes involved in autophagy, epigenetic programming, and myogenesis. siRNA knockdown in human myoblasts, RRBS DNA methylation, RNA-seq, autophagic flux assays, heterozygous mouse model with glucose uptake measurement Nature communications High 33893273
2021 SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a interacts with VPS39 and prevents binding of HOPS to RAB7, blocking the assembly of fusion machinery and causing accumulation of unfused autophagosomes, consistent with VPS39 being the critical HOPS subunit bridging RAB7 interaction for autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Co-immunoprecipitation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion assays, RAB7-HOPS interaction assays, fluorescence microscopy Cell discovery Medium 33947832
2020 Yeast Vps39 has a specific role in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) transport to the mitochondria. Deletion of VPS39 prevents ethanolamine-stimulated elevation of mitochondrial PE without affecting PE biosynthesis in the ER or PE transport to other organelles. Vps39 abundance and its recruitment to mitochondria and ER is regulated by local PE levels, and this function is independent of the intact HOPS or vCLAMP complexes. Lipid extraction and quantification (TLC, mass spectrometry), subcellular fractionation, genetic deletion of complex subunits, ethanolamine-labeling experiments Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids Medium 32058032
2020 VPS39 controls ciliogenesis in human renal cells by regulating the localization of IFT20 (intraflagellar transport 20) at the base of cilia through autophagy. VPS39 acts as a negative regulator of ciliogenesis, and this function is conserved in vivo in medaka fish renal tubules. siRNA knockdown in human renal cells, morpholino knockdown in medaka, autophagy modulation, immunofluorescence of IFT20 localization, cilia length/number quantification Human molecular genetics Medium 32077937
2022 SGPL1 (sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase) upregulation stimulates VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria, enhancing mitochondria-lysosome membrane contact sites (MCS). VPS39 downregulation compromises mitochondrial network maintenance and basal autophagic flux in MICU1-deficient cells, placing VPS39 as a key effector in SGPL1-mediated organelle interaction and autophagy sustenance. Quantitative proteomics, transcriptomics, biochemical fractionation, imaging of MCS, VPS39 knockdown, MICU1-deficient C. elegans and mammalian cell models Molecular metabolism Medium 35452878
2023 ASFV protein CP204L binds VPS39 and blocks its association with the lysosomal HOPS complex, redirecting CP204L-VPS39 complexes to virus factories. Loss of VPS39 reduces early viral protein synthesis and delays ASFV replication, demonstrating that VPS39 is exploited by ASFV for early replication steps and is involved in endolysosomal trafficking during infection. Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation, fluorescence colocalization, VPS39 knockout/knockdown, viral replication assays Journal of virology Medium 36722971
2025 SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a binds VPS39 and through this interaction: (1) traps the CI-MPR sorting receptor and retromer complex in endosomes/lysosomes, impairing NPC2 cholesterol transporter trafficking; and (2) reduces bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) lipids required for cholesterol export by decreasing lysosome-mitochondrion membrane contact sites (MCS). VPS39 deletion alone decreases MCS and BMPs, identifying VPS39 as a regulator of NPC2 trafficking and BMP biosynthesis. Lipidomics, proteomics, retromer deletion epistasis, MCS quantification, NPC2 trafficking assays, cholesterol efflux assays bioRxivpreprint Medium 39605369
2020 Crystal structure of the C-terminal putative zinc finger domain of VPS39 was solved, revealing it adopts a non-native anti-parallel β-hairpin fold incorporated into a homotetrameric eight-stranded β-barrel under the recombinant conditions used, stabilized by tag-mediated zinc coordination and an intramolecular disulfide bond rather than the expected zinc finger fold. Recombinant protein expression, X-ray crystallography Wellcome open research Low 32724865

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 55 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2020 A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing. Nature 3411 32353859
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2000 DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination. Genome research 815 11076863
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2015 Gene essentiality and synthetic lethality in haploid human cells. Science (New York, N.Y.) 657 26472760
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2008 Beclin1-binding UVRAG targets the class C Vps complex to coordinate autophagosome maturation and endocytic trafficking. Nature cell biology 629 18552835
2020 Comparative host-coronavirus protein interaction networks reveal pan-viral disease mechanisms. Science (New York, N.Y.) 564 33060197
2021 Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Nature 532 33845483
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2014 The HOPS complex mediates autophagosome-lysosome fusion through interaction with syntaxin 17. Molecular biology of the cell 404 24554770
2009 The Vam6 GEF controls TORC1 by activating the EGO complex. Molecular cell 360 19748353
2020 ORF3a of the COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 blocks HOPS complex-mediated assembly of the SNARE complex required for autolysosome formation. Developmental cell 302 33422265
2020 Virus-Host Interactome and Proteomic Survey Reveal Potential Virulence Factors Influencing SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis. Med (New York, N.Y.) 291 32838362
2016 The cell proliferation antigen Ki-67 organises heterochromatin. eLife 265 26949251
2014 mTORC1 phosphorylates UVRAG to negatively regulate autophagosome and endosome maturation. Molecular cell 226 25533187
2021 The SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3a inhibits fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Cell discovery 203 33947832
2012 NOTCH1 nuclear interactome reveals key regulators of its transcriptional activity and oncogenic function. Molecular cell 174 23022380
2021 ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2 promotes lysosomal exocytosis-mediated viral egress. Developmental cell 165 34706264
2009 Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip. American journal of human genetics 164 19913121
2007 Integral and associated lysosomal membrane proteins. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 163 17897319
2001 Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. Genome research 151 11230166
2018 Discovery and Characterization of ZUFSP/ZUP1, a Distinct Deubiquitinase Class Important for Genome Stability. Molecular cell 150 29576527
1997 Vam2/Vps41p and Vam6/Vps39p are components of a protein complex on the vacuolar membranes and involved in the vacuolar assembly in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Journal of biological chemistry 144 9111041
2022 A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactome reveals COVID-19 pathobiology and potential host therapeutic targets. Nature biotechnology 140 36217030
2010 Differential effects of TBC1D15 and mammalian Vps39 on Rab7 activation state, lysosomal morphology, and growth factor dependence. The Journal of biological chemistry 101 20363736
2012 The Vam6 and Gtr1-Gtr2 pathway activates TORC1 in response to amino acids in fission yeast. Journal of cell science 54 22344254
2007 The zebrafish mutant lbk/vam6 resembles human multisystemic disorders caused by aberrant trafficking of endosomal vesicles. Development (Cambridge, England) 47 18077594
2021 VPS39-deficiency observed in type 2 diabetes impairs muscle stem cell differentiation via altered autophagy and epigenetics. Nature communications 31 33893273
2010 The TGF-β signaling modulators TRAP1/TGFBRAP1 and VPS39/Vam6/TLP are essential for early embryonic development. Immunobiology 31 20961651
2014 The Vps39-like TRAP1 is an effector of Rab5 and likely the missing Vps3 subunit of human CORVET. Cellular logistics 25 25750764
2020 The HOPS complex subunit VPS39 controls ciliogenesis through autophagy. Human molecular genetics 20 32077937
2023 CP204L Is a Multifunctional Protein of African Swine Fever Virus That Interacts with the VPS39 Subunit of the Homotypic Fusion and Vacuole Protein Sorting Complex and Promotes Lysosome Clustering. Journal of virology 16 36722971
2020 Vps39 is required for ethanolamine-stimulated elevation in mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids 15 32058032
2009 Amino acid signaling to TOR activation: Vam6 functioning as a Gtr1 GEF. Molecular cell 13 19748348
2021 Vacuole and Mitochondria Patch (vCLAMP) Protein Vam6 Is Involved in Maintenance of Mitochondrial and Vacuolar Functions under Oxidative Stress in Candida albicans. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 12 33478009
2022 SGPL1 stimulates VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria in MICU1 deficient cells. Molecular metabolism 10 35452878
2021 The Vacuolar Morphogenesis Protein Vam6-Like Protein Vlp1 Is Required for Pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 9 34072011
2021 The Vacuole and Mitochondria Patch (vCLAMP) Protein Vam6 is Crucial for Autophagy in Candida albicans. Mycopathologia 8 34057669
2023 Vam6 reduces iNKT cell function in tumor via modulating AMPK/mTOR pathways. Frontiers in immunology 7 36741382
2021 Vam6/Vps39/TRAP1-domain proteins influence vacuolar morphology, iron acquisition and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. Cellular microbiology 7 34800311
2023 Role of VPS39, a key tethering protein for endolysosomal trafficking and mitochondria-lysosome crosstalk, in health and disease. Journal of cellular biochemistry 5 36924104
2025 SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a blocks lysosomal cholesterol egress by disrupting VPS39-regulated NPC2 trafficking and BMP metabolism. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 3 39605369
2020 Non-native fold of the putative VPS39 zinc finger domain. Wellcome open research 1 32724865
2026 Correction: Mao et al. Vacuole and Mitochondria Patch (vCLAMP) Protein Vam6 Is Involved in Maintenance of Mitochondrial and Vacuolar Functions Under Oxidative Stress in Candida albicans. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 136. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 0 41897552
2025 The HOPS and vCLAMP protein Vam6 connects polyphosphate with mitochondrial function and oxidative stress resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans. mBio 0 39998208
2025 Regulation of vacuole fusion in stomata by dephosphorylation of the HOPS subunit VPS39. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 0 41418320
2024 Insights into the Role of VPS39 and Its Interaction with CP204L and A137R in ASFV Infection. Viruses 0 39339953