| 2013 |
STX17 (syntaxin 17) forms a SNARE complex with SNAP29 and the endosomal/lysosomal VAMP8 (or VAMP7 in Drosophila) to mediate autophagosome fusion with endosomes and lysosomes; this role is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to human cells. |
Genetic loss-of-function (Drosophila Syx17 mutants), cell culture knockdown, autophagy flux assays |
Autophagy |
High |
24113031
|
| 2019 |
STX17 dynamically shuttles between the ER and mitochondria, controlled by the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Fis1. Loss of Fis1 causes aberrant STX17 accumulation on mitochondria, exposes its N-terminus, promotes self-oligomerization, and triggers PINK1/Parkin-independent mitophagy. Mitochondrial STX17 interacts with ATG14, recruits core autophagy proteins to form the mitophagosome, and Rab7-dependent mitophagosome-lysosome fusion follows. |
Structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM), proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation, loss-of-function (Fis1 depletion) |
Nature communications |
High |
31053718
|
| 2020 |
STX17 is acetylated at its SNARE domain by the acetyltransferase CREBBP/CBP; HDAC2 acts as the deacetylase. Upon starvation or MTORC1 inhibition, CREBBP inactivation leads to STX17 deacetylation, which promotes its interaction with SNAP29 and formation of the STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 SNARE complex, and also enhances STX17 interaction with the HOPS tethering complex, thereby promoting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Deacetylation does not affect STX17 recruitment to autophagosomal membranes. |
Mass spectrometry (PTM identification), Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, KO cell lines, autophagy flux assays |
Autophagy |
High |
32264736
|
| 2017 |
STX17 on autophagosomes serves as an anchor for the Pacer protein, which recruits both the PI3KC3 complex and the HOPS complex to the autophagosome, enabling site-specific activation and tethering for autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Pacer antagonizes Rubicon to stimulate Vps34 kinase activity at this step. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, loss-of-function, autophagy flux assays |
Molecular cell |
High |
28306502
|
| 2022 |
STING physically interacts with STX17 and sequesters it, preventing its translocation to phagophores and mature autophagosomes. Energy crisis or TBK1-mediated phosphorylation disrupts the STING-STX17 interaction, releasing different pools of STX17 to promote autophagic flux. Loss of STING in cells and mice enhances starvation-induced autophagy. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, Drosophila genetic loss-of-function, STING KO mice, exercise-induced autophagy assay |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
35510944
|
| 2019 |
DIPK2A, a late endosome- and lysosome-localized protein, binds VAMP7B (a SNARE-domain-disrupted isoform), inhibiting VAMP7B's competitive interaction with STX17. This allows STX17 to preferentially bind the functional isoform VAMP7A, thereby enhancing autophagosome-lysosome fusion. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression/knockdown, autophagy flux assays |
Autophagy |
Medium |
31251111
|
| 2019 |
The small molecule EACC blocks autophagosome-lysosome fusion by preventing STX17 and SNAP29 loading onto autophagosomes and reducing the interaction of STX17 with HOPS subunit VPS33A and lysosomal R-SNARE VAMP8; this effect is reversible and does not impair lysosomal properties or endocytic degradation. |
Small molecule treatment, immunofluorescence, Co-immunoprecipitation, autophagy flux assays |
Molecular biology of the cell |
Medium |
31188703
|
| 2017 |
STX17 carrying a deletion of the N-terminal domain (ΔNTD) or N-terminally tagged with GFP acts as a dominant-negative, causing accumulation of undegraded autophagosomes devoid of lysosomal markers. The N-terminal domain is required for STX17's function in promoting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. |
Dominant-negative overexpression, inducible cell line, density-gradient centrifugation, immunoprecipitation purification of autophagosomes |
Autophagy |
Medium |
28598244
|
| 2023 |
ULK kinase phosphorylates STX17 at residue S289, which is required for STX17 localization specifically to autophagosomes. Phosphorylation of S289 promotes STX17 interaction with the actin-binding protein FLNA; FLNA acts as a linker between ATG8 family proteins and STX17 to recruit STX17 to autophagosomes and facilitate autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Disease-causing mutations in FLNA's ATG8- and STX17-binding regions disrupt these interactions and inhibit fusion. |
In vitro kinase assay, phospho-site mutagenesis, Co-immunoprecipitation, autophagy flux assays, disease mutation analysis |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
37389864
|
| 2024 |
PtdIns4P generated on autophagosomes is required for STX17 recruitment to autophagosomal membranes. Recombinant STX17 is recruited to negatively charged liposomes containing PtdIns4P, mediated by C-terminal positively charged (Lys/Arg) residues. Alanine substitution of these residues abolishes membrane binding and autophagosomal recruitment, and fails to rescue autophagosome-lysosome fusion in STX17 loss-of-function cells. |
In vitro liposome recruitment assay, molecular dynamics simulation, mutagenesis (Ala substitution), cell-based rescue experiments, co-localization imaging |
Autophagy |
High |
38411137
|
| 2024 |
YKT6 forms a priming complex with STX17 and SNAP29 on autophagosomes via its SNARE domain, enhancing autophagy flux. VAMP8 subsequently displaces YKT6 from this complex to form the fusogenic STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 complex. The YKT6-SNAP29-STX17 complex facilitates both lipid and content mixing driven by the STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 complex. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro lipid/content mixing assays, autophagy flux assays |
Cell reports |
High |
38340317
|
| 2023 |
RUNDC1 negatively regulates autophagy by binding ATG14 and stimulating its homo-oligomerization to trap the ATG14-STX17-SNAP29 complex, thereby preventing VAMP8 from binding STX17-SNAP29 and blocking STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 complex assembly and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Phosphorylation of RUNDC1 at Ser379 is required for this inhibitory activity. |
Gain/loss-of-function (human cells and zebrafish model), Co-immunoprecipitation, phospho-site mutagenesis, autophagy flux assays |
Cell death and differentiation |
High |
37684417
|
| 2023 |
PRRSV nonstructural protein nsp5 directly interacts with STX17 (via the N-terminal motif and SNARE motif of STX17) and inhibits STX17-SNAP29 interaction, thereby blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion and inducing incomplete autophagy. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression, autophagy flux assays, domain mapping |
Microbiology spectrum |
Medium |
36815765
|
| 2019 |
The ER membrane protein BAP31 interacts with STX17 to suppress autophagy induction; loss of BAP31 stimulates autophagy and tumor growth under metabolic stress, identifying the BAP31-STX17 complex as a regulatory node coupling ER stress to autophagy. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, KO/KD, in vivo tumor growth assays |
Cells |
Medium |
31671609
|
| 2023 |
During Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, IRGM directly recruits STX17 to pathogen-containing endosomes. This IRGM-STX17 interaction is enhanced by LC3, enabling STX17 tethering to lysosomes and directing bacterial degradation. Interaction was still detected at reduced levels in LC3-KO cells. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, LC3 KO cell line, immunofluorescence, infection assays |
The Journal of infectious diseases |
Medium |
37926090
|
| 2022 |
STX17 has different localization and function across species: fly Syx17 expressed in mammalian cells localizes to the cytosol and translocates to autophagosomes upon starvation; nematode SYX-17 localizes mainly to mitochondria and promotes mitochondrial fission but does not participate in autophagy. In vivo, fly Syx17 is not involved in mitochondrial fission and nematode SYX-17 is not involved in autophagy. The C-terminal hydrophobic domain (CHD) is conserved, but the C-terminal tail differs substantially across species. |
Ectopic expression in mammalian cells, in vivo genetic studies in flies and nematodes, subcellular fractionation/localization |
Autophagy reports |
Medium |
40396044
|
| 2024 |
STX17 interacts with STING, and reducing STX17 expression increases STING levels; further knockdown of STING enhances autophagy flux. This interaction between STX17 and STING plays a role in STX17-mediated regulation of autophagosome degradation and the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis models. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, shRNA knockdown, autophagy flux assays in HUVEC cells and ApoE KO mice |
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine |
Medium |
39008328
|
| 2025 |
STX17 colocalizes with the mitochondrial outer membrane marker TOM20; STX17 knockdown impairs mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to dopaminergic neurons. Drp1 interacts with STX17, and LRRK2 G2019S mutation increases Drp1 Ser616 phosphorylation, reducing STX17-TOM20 colocalization and mitochondrial transfer. Inhibiting Drp1 Ser616 phosphorylation with DUSP6 restores STX17-TOM20 colocalization and mitochondrial transfer efficiency. |
Co-immunoprecipitation (Drp1-STX17), immunofluorescence colocalization, KD, iPSC-derived co-culture system, Drp1 phosphorylation inhibitor |
Translational neurodegeneration |
Medium |
41354840
|
| 2024 |
BMAL1 directly binds to the STX17 promoter (confirmed by luciferase assay) and upregulates STX17 transcription. Increased STX17 promotes its interaction with SNAP29 and VAMP8 (confirmed by Co-IP) to form SNARE complexes, facilitating autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic clearance of amyloid-β in hippocampal neurons. |
Luciferase reporter assay, Co-immunoprecipitation, KD/OE, transmission electron microscopy, RT-PCR |
iScience |
Medium |
39687016
|
| 2026 |
Upon starvation, STX17 is acetylated at lysine 254 (K254) by the acetyltransferase GCN5, and this modification is reversed by the deacetylase SIRT1. K254 acetylation promotes autophagosomal translocation of STX17, mediated by myosin VI (an F-actin-based motor protein), and is required for subsequent autophagosome-lysosome fusion. |
Mass spectrometry (PTM identification), mutagenesis (K254 substitution), Co-immunoprecipitation, KD of GCN5/SIRT1/myosin VI, autophagy flux assays |
Nature communications |
High |
42062288
|
| 2025 |
Legionella SidE effectors mediate phosphoribosyl ubiquitination (PR-Ub) of STX17. PR-Ub modification of STX17 alters its interaction with ATG14L and drives recruitment of STX17+ ER membranes to Legionella-containing phagosomes in a PI3K-dependent manner, forming replicative vacuoles that do not fuse with lysosomes. |
Proximity labeling (BioID), mass spectrometry (identification of PR-Ub sites), mutagenesis, Legionella infection assays, biochemistry |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
bio_10.1101_2025.05.19.654886
|
| 2024 |
SLC34A2 interacts with STX17 (identified by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry) and promotes autophagy and cell proliferation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting the ubiquitination and degradation of STX17, thereby stabilizing STX17 protein levels. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, cycloheximide chase assay, ubiquitination assay |
Thoracic cancer |
Medium |
38720472
|