Affinage

THY1

Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein · UniProt P04216

Length
161 aa
Mass
17.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 30 papers cited in narrative 30 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

THY1/CD90 is a GPI-anchored cell-surface glycoprotein that acts as a context-dependent signaling scaffold controlling mesenchymal cell fate, fibrosis, adhesion, and proliferation (PMID:25416548, PMID:16960126, PMID:35798842). In mesenchymal lineage commitment, Thy-1 suppresses adipogenesis and favors osteogenesis: it inhibits the Src-family kinase Fyn to reduce PPARγ transcriptional activity, and its loss in mice shifts marrow stromal cells toward adipocytes at the expense of osteoblasts with diminished osteogenic Wnt signaling (PMID:25416548, PMID:30089635). In the lung, Thy-1 expression predetermines fibroblast fate, restraining myofibroblast differentiation, collagen contraction, and TGF-β activation; soluble Thy-1 reverses fibrosis in vivo through its integrin-binding RGD motif, which blocks an αv integrin activation feedback loop, while an RLE point mutation abolishes this activity (PMID:14507638, PMID:16960126, PMID:19270178, PMID:31672942). Thy-1 expression is itself silenced in fibrotic fibroblasts by TGF-β1-driven, DNMT1-dependent promoter hypermethylation coupled to repressive histone modification, establishing a self-reinforcing pro-fibrotic circuit (PMID:18556592, PMID:20724553, PMID:26333597). On endothelium, Thy-1 mediates leukocyte and tumor-cell adhesion through β2-integrin Mac-1 and tumor αvβ3-integrin, promoting metastasis (PMID:20599951, PMID:23159525, PMID:16374458), and in epidermis it restrains YAP-driven proliferation by dampening integrin-β1–SRC signaling and stabilizing adherens junctions (PMID:35798842). Thy-1 also serves as an entry factor for human cytomegalovirus, interacting with viral glycoproteins gB and gH and activating PI3K/Akt during virion internalization (PMID:26147640). THY1 transcription is driven by upstream regulators including NOTCH1/RBPJ and USF1 in cancer contexts (PMID:35287174, PMID:35172861).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2006 High

    Established that Thy-1 surface expression marks and determines fibroblast differentiation fate, answering whether THY1 is a passive marker or an active fate determinant.

    Evidence FACS-sorted human and rat fibroblast subsets with TGF-β/PPARγ-agonist differentiation and Thy-1 transfection rescue

    PMID:14507638 PMID:16960126

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the receptor/signaling intermediates downstream of Thy-1 in fibroblasts
    • Mechanism linking surface Thy-1 to myogenic gene repression not resolved
  2. 2008 High

    Identified the Src-family kinase Fyn as a signaling effector engaged by Thy-1 activation, providing a molecular handle on Thy-1 signaling output in myofibroblasts.

    Evidence Anti-Thy-1 antibody activation with PP2 and Fyn-specific siRNA, flow cytometry and RT-PCR readouts for FasL induction

    PMID:18676775

    Open questions at the time
    • How GPI-anchored Thy-1 physically couples to intracellular Fyn not established
    • Generality beyond FasL induction unclear
  3. 2008 High

    Showed THY1 silencing in fibrosis is epigenetic, answering why Thy-1-negative fibroblasts arise in disease.

    Evidence Methylation-specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing, in situ MSP on IPF tissue, and DNMT-inhibitor reversal

    PMID:18556592

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the upstream trigger of hypermethylation
    • Did not connect methylation status to specific clinical outcomes
  4. 2009 High

    Demonstrated in vivo that Thy-1-expressing fibroblasts inhibit TGF-β activation to support normal alveolar development, linking the in vitro fate phenotype to organ-level biology.

    Evidence Thy-1-null mice with lung histology and rescue by TGF-β neutralizing antibody

    PMID:19270178

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism by which Thy-1 restrains TGF-β activation not defined here
  5. 2010 High

    Connected histone modification to DNA methylation at the THY1 locus, showing layered chromatin control of expression.

    Evidence TSA treatment with ChIP for H3K4me3/H4ac/H3K27me3 and bisulfite sequencing in lung fibroblasts

    PMID:20724553

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific HDAC and chromatin-modifying enzymes responsible not identified
    • Order of methylation versus histone changes inferred, not directly timed
  6. 2010 High

    Defined Thy-1 on endothelium as an adhesion molecule for leukocytes and tumor cells, establishing a pro-metastatic adhesion function.

    Evidence Comparative profiling, anti-Thy1 adhesion blockade, and Thy1-deficient mouse experimental metastasis

    PMID:16374458 PMID:20599951 PMID:23159525

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling consequences in the endothelial cell itself not fully resolved
  7. 2012 Medium

    Identified the integrin partners of Thy-1 adhesion (Mac-1/β2 and αvβ3), providing the receptor specificity of Thy-1-mediated adhesion.

    Evidence Recombinant αX I-domain binding with mutagenesis and integrin/Thy-1 blocking adhesion assays

    PMID:15850796 PMID:23159525

    Open questions at the time
    • Affinity measured for isolated I-domain, not full-length integrin in cellular context
    • Whether different integrins engage Thy-1 simultaneously not addressed
  8. 2015 High

    Established that TGF-β1 drives THY1 silencing through DNMT1, closing the loop between profibrotic signaling and epigenetic loss of a fibrosis suppressor.

    Evidence TGF-β1 treatment with DNMT1 siRNA, 5-AZA, qMethyl-PCR and downstream α-SMA/Col1A1 readouts

    PMID:26333597

    Open questions at the time
    • How TGF-β1 specifically targets DNMT1 to the THY1 promoter unknown
  9. 2015 High

    Showed Thy-1 acts as an HCMV entry factor, extending its function to host-pathogen interaction.

    Evidence siRNA, antibody blocking, soluble protein competition, gB/gH co-immunoprecipitation and PI3K/Akt activation assays

    PMID:26147640

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Thy-1 is a direct receptor or co-factor in a larger entry complex not fully resolved
    • Structural basis of gB/gH interaction not defined
  10. 2014 High

    Defined the Fyn–PPARγ axis as the mechanism by which Thy-1 blocks adipogenesis, unifying the fate-determination phenotype with a kinase pathway.

    Evidence Thy1 KO/OE mice, PPARγ reporter assays, Fyn siRNA and PP2 inhibition

    PMID:25416548

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical coupling of Thy-1 to Fyn not shown
  11. 2018 High

    Showed Thy-1 positively regulates osteogenesis and bone mass via Wnt signaling, balancing the reciprocal adipogenic/osteogenic fate decision in MSCs.

    Evidence Thy-1 KO mice with micro-CT/histomorphometry, MSC differentiation assays and Wnt pathway analysis

    PMID:27465541 PMID:29401595 PMID:30089635

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanistic link between Thy-1 and Wnt ligand/inhibitor expression not established
    • shRNA study reported opposite differentiation effect, indicating context dependence
  12. 2019 High

    Identified the RGD motif and αv integrin feedback loop as the mechanistic basis of Thy-1 anti-fibrotic activity and demonstrated therapeutic reversal.

    Evidence Soluble Thy-1-Fc with RLE-mutant control, bleomycin/doxycycline fibrosis models in Thy1-null mice, αv integrin activation assays

    PMID:31672942

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise integrin heterodimer engaged in vivo not pinpointed
    • Durability and off-target effects of soluble Thy-1-Fc not characterized
  13. 2022 High

    Defined Thy-1 as an epidermal brake on YAP-driven proliferation through dual integrin-β1–SRC and adherens-junction mechanisms, extending its scaffold role to tissue homeostasis and regeneration.

    Evidence Thy1-null mice with wound/hair-follicle assays, integrin-β1-SRC pathway analysis, YAP localization imaging

    PMID:35798842

    Open questions at the time
    • How a single GPI-anchored protein coordinates both integrin and junctional pools not mechanistically integrated
  14. 2022 Medium

    Established upstream transcriptional control of THY1 by NOTCH1/RBPJ and USF1 in cancer, identifying drivers of its context-specific expression.

    Evidence siRNA epistasis, luciferase reporters and ChIP/ChIP-qPCR for RBPJ and USF1 on the THY1 promoter, with rescue and xenograft validation

    PMID:26556861 PMID:27633757 PMID:28939749 PMID:30482778 PMID:33511115 PMID:35172861 PMID:35287174

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether these regulators operate outside cancer cells unknown
    • Tumor-suppressive versus tumor-promoting Thy-1 roles across cancer types remain context-dependent and unreconciled
  15. 2004 Medium

    Linked neuronal Thy-1 expression to iron availability, hinting at a distinct role in the nervous system.

    Evidence Iron chelation in PC12 cells with transferrin-receptor control, rat iron-deficiency model and RLS patient substantia nigra tissue

    PMID:15140607

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting iron status to Thy-1 transcription/stability unknown
    • Functional role of neuronal Thy-1 in neurotransmission not directly demonstrated in this corpus

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how a GPI-anchored, cytoplasmic-domain-less protein transduces signals to intracellular kinases (Fyn, SRC/FAK) and how the same molecule produces opposing tumor-suppressive versus tumor-promoting outcomes across tissues.
  • No structural model of Thy-1/integrin/kinase coupling
  • Determinants of context-dependent signaling output not identified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3
Partners
FYNITGAMITGAVITGAXITGB3PTK2SRC

Evidence

Reading pass · 30 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2014 Thy1 (CD90) blocks adipogenesis by inhibiting the activity of the Src family kinase Fyn, which in turn decreases PPARγ transcriptional activity by more than 60%. Thy1-null mice gained 30% more weight than controls on a high-fat diet, and overexpression of Thy1 in 3T3-L1 cells blocked adipocyte formation and reduced FABP4 expression 5-fold. Thy1 overexpression/knockout in mouse model, PPARγ reporter assays, genetic and pharmacologic Fyn inhibition (siRNA + PP2 inhibitor), Western blotting FASEB journal High 25416548
2008 Thy-1 activation in lung myofibroblasts up-regulates FasL expression via Src family kinases, specifically Fyn. Thy-1 activation first causes translocation of FasL to the membrane surface, then induces de novo synthesis of FasL at mRNA and protein levels. Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 and Fyn-specific siRNA both blocked this induction. Anti-Thy1 antibody activation, SFK inhibitor PP2, Fyn-specific siRNA knockdown, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, Western blot American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 18676775
2006 Thy-1 expression predetermines fibroblast lineage commitment: only Thy-1(+) human myometrial and orbital fibroblasts differentiated into myofibroblasts (assessed by α-SMA expression) in response to TGF-β or platelet concentrate, whereas only Thy-1(−) fibroblasts differentiated into lipofibroblasts after treatment with PPARγ agonists. FACS-sorted fibroblast subsets, TGF-β treatment, PPARγ agonist treatment, α-SMA immunostaining, lipid droplet accumulation assay The American journal of pathology Medium 14507638
2006 Thy-1(−) lung fibroblasts show significantly greater myofibroblast differentiation, collagen matrix contraction, and resistance to apoptosis compared with Thy-1(+) cells. Transfection of Thy-1 into Thy-1(−) cells inhibited collagen matrix contraction and reduced cell survival, directly demonstrating that Thy-1 regulates myogenic gene expression and myofibroblastic differentiation. FACS-sorted rat lung fibroblasts, TGF-β/ET-1/CTGF stimulation, floating collagen matrix contraction assays, apoptosis assays, Thy-1 transfection into Thy-1(−) cells, RT-PCR, immunoblotting American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 16960126
2008 Thy-1 promoter CpG islands are hypermethylated in Thy-1(−) lung fibroblasts and in fibroblastic foci of IPF tissue, silencing Thy-1 expression. Treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors restores Thy-1 expression in Thy-1(−) fibroblasts, establishing promoter hypermethylation as a mechanism of Thy-1 silencing in pulmonary fibrosis. RT-PCR, methylation-specific PCR, bisulfite genomic sequencing, MSP-in situ hybridization on fibrotic tissue, DNMT inhibitor treatment American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 18556592
2010 Histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) restores Thy-1 expression in Thy-1(−) lung fibroblasts by enriching histone H3K4 trimethylation and H4 acetylation at the Thy-1 locus, while depleting repressive H3K27 trimethylation. TSA treatment also caused demethylation of previously hypermethylated CpG sites in the Thy-1 promoter, indicating that histone modifications regulate DNA methylation at this locus. TSA treatment, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for histone marks, bisulfite sequencing, RT-PCR, global DNA methylation assays American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 20724553
2015 TGF-β1 epigenetically suppresses Thy-1 expression in primary lung fibroblasts by activating DNMT1 and inducing Thy-1 promoter methylation. siRNA knockdown of DNMT1 attenuated TGF-β1-induced DNMT activity and rescued Thy-1 expression, also inhibiting downstream α-SMA and collagen Col1A1 expression. TGF-β1 treatment, 5-AZA co-treatment, DNMT1 siRNA knockdown, quantitative methyl PCR, RT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence American journal of physiology. Cell physiology High 26333597
2009 Loss of Thy-1 in Thy-1(−/−) mice leads to impaired alveolarization, increased TGF-β signaling, altered cell proliferation, and increased collagen/elastin deposition. Administration of TGF-β neutralizing antibody (1D11) to Thy-1(−/−) mice improved alveolar development, establishing that Thy-1-expressing fibroblasts inhibit TGF-β activation and thereby support normal alveolar development. Thy-1 null mouse model, hypoxia exposure, lung histology, lung function measurement, TGF-β neutralizing antibody treatment, immunostaining American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology High 19270178
2019 Soluble Thy-1-Fc (sThy-1) reversed TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner via its integrin-binding RGD motif (RLE-mutated Thy-1 was inactive), and resolved established lung fibrosis in vivo after bleomycin or doxycycline-induced TGF-β1 overexpression. Thy1-null mice showed progressive αv integrin activation and myofibroblast accumulation, identifying an αv integrin-driven feedback loop sustained by loss of Thy-1. Thy1-null mouse model, bleomycin/doxycycline fibrosis models, soluble Thy-1-Fc treatment in vivo, RLE-mutant Thy-1 control, in vitro myofibroblast differentiation assays, αv integrin activation assessment JCI insight High 31672942
2010 Thy1 (CD90) is expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells (but not blood vascular endothelial cells) and mediates adhesion of tumor cells and leukocytes to lymphatic endothelium. Blockade of Thy1 inhibited tumor cell adhesion to lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro, and Thy1-deficient mice showed markedly reduced experimental lung and lymph node metastasis of B16/F10 melanoma cells. Comparative transcriptional profiling, FACS, immunofluorescence, anti-Thy1 blockade in adhesion assays, Thy1(−/−) mouse experimental metastasis model Experimental cell research High 20599951
2012 Thy-1 on endothelial cells mediates adhesion of melanoma cells via αvβ3-integrin on tumor cells. Thy-1-deficient mice showed reduced experimental lung and lymph node metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth, T-cell activation, or angiogenesis, establishing Thy-1–integrin adhesion as a specific pro-metastatic mechanism. Thy-1(−/−) mouse experimental and spontaneous metastasis models, in vitro adhesion assays, VEGF/TNF-α induction of Thy-1 on EC The American journal of pathology High 23159525
2006 Thy-1 on activated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells mediates neutrophil adhesion specifically via interaction with the β2-integrin Mac-1. Blocking Thy-1 on endothelial cells or Mac-1 on neutrophils significantly inhibited adhesion; psoriatic neutrophils showed increased adhesion to Thy-1 transfectants compared with healthy controls. Thy-1 transfected cell adhesion assay, blocking antibodies against Thy-1 and Mac-1, HDMEC adhesion assays, flow cytometry The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 16374458
2005 The αX I-domain of the β2-integrin αXβ2 (CD11c/CD18) binds Thy-1 in a specific, divalent cation-dependent manner with a Kd of 1.16 μM. Amino acid substitutions in the βD-α5 loop of the αX I-domain (D249, KE243/244) reduced binding affinity, identifying the βD-α5 loop/α5 helix region as the Thy-1 recognition site. Recombinant I-domain binding assay, site-directed mutagenesis of αX I-domain, kinetic/affinity measurements Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 15850796
2015 THY-1 mediates HCMV entry at the initial infection step (within the first 60 minutes). Anti-THY-1 antibody and siRNA knockdown impaired infectivity, blocked HCMV-induced PI3-K/Akt activation required for entry, and soluble THY-1 protein blocked infection during but not after virus internalization. THY-1 was shown to interact with HCMV glycoproteins gB and gH by co-immunoprecipitation. THY-1 siRNA knockdown, anti-THY-1 antibody blocking, exogenous THY-1 expression, soluble THY-1 protein competition, co-immunoprecipitation with gB and gH, PI3-K/Akt pathway activation assay PLoS pathogens High 26147640
2018 Thy-1 deficiency in mice leads to decreased bone volume, bone formation rate, and elevated cortical porosity, accompanied by reduced osteogenic Wnt ligands and increased Wnt inhibitors (sclerostin, dickkopf-1), and increased body fat mass. MSCs from Thy-1(−/−) mice showed decreased osteoblast differentiation and increased adipogenic differentiation, establishing Thy-1 as a regulator of MSC fate between osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Thy-1(−/−) mouse model, micro-CT bone analysis, histomorphometry, MSC differentiation assays, Wnt pathway gene expression analysis, serum Thy-1 measurement in patients Science translational medicine High 30089635
2018 Thy1 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Thy1 KO mice fed a high-fat diet showed significantly reduced trabecular bone volume. In vitro, osteogenic conditions increased Thy1 expression during osteoblast differentiation, and absence of Thy1 attenuated osteoblastogenesis. Thy1 KO mouse model, micro-CT, histomorphometry, in vitro osteogenic differentiation assays FASEB journal Medium 29401595
2022 THY1 inhibits epidermal YAP activity through two converging mechanisms: (1) by suppressing integrin-β1-SRC signaling that promotes cell-matrix adhesion, and (2) by maintaining an adherens junction complex that retains YAP in the cytoplasm. THY1 deficiency causes YAP nuclear translocation and increased proliferation even at high cell density. Thy1(−/−) mice display enhanced wound repair and hair follicle regeneration due to increased YAP-dependent proliferation. Thy1(−/−) mouse model, wound healing and hair follicle assays, integrin-β1-SRC pathway analysis, adherens junction complex dissociation assays, YAP localization imaging, proliferation assays Nature cell biology High 35798842
2021 Thy-1-αVβ3 integrin interaction in cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and B16F10 melanoma) triggers a Ca2+/hemichannel/ATP/P2X7 receptor signaling axis that promotes cell migration and invasion. β3 integrin silencing in cancer cells reduced transvasation through an endothelial monolayer and prevented lung metastasis in a preclinical mouse model. Thy-1 stimulation assay, intracellular Ca2+ measurement, connexin/pannexin inhibitors, P2X7 receptor pharmacologic blockade, β3 integrin siRNA, endothelial transmigration assay, in vivo mouse metastasis model Frontiers in cell and developmental biology High 33511115
2017 CD90 expression in glioblastoma cells promotes adhesion and migration through enhanced SRC and FAK signaling. Modulation of CD90 expression in GBM cells dramatically affected their adhesion and migration in vitro, and CD90 expression induced invasive phenotypes in orthotopic xenografts in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of SRC/FAK blunted adhesion/migration in CD90-positive cells. CD90 siRNA knockdown in GBM cells, CD90 complementation in CD90-negative U87 cells, orthotopic xenograft models, SRC/FAK inhibitor treatment, GBM patient transcriptome analysis Clinical cancer research Medium 28939749
2015 CD90 promotes liver cancer stem cell properties via a signal axis involving its RLD integrin-binding domain, β3 integrin, and AMPK/mTOR pathway, leading to upregulation of CD133. Mutation of the integrin-binding RLD domain of CD90 and silencing of β3 integrin both attenuated CD133 induction and anchorage-independent growth. Ectopic CD90 expression induced mTOR phosphorylation and AMPK dephosphorylation. CD90 ectopic expression and shRNA knockdown, RLD-domain mutant CD90, β3 integrin shRNA, mTOR/AMPK phosphorylation Western blot, anchorage-independent growth assay, xenograft tumorigenicity assay Oncotarget Medium 26556861
2016 CD90 inhibits ovarian cancer anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation in vivo via β3 integrin-dependent suppression of CD133 and the AMPK/mTOR axis. Mutation of CD90's RLE (integrin-binding) domain to RLD abolished tumor-suppressive effects, and β3 integrin shRNA restored anchorage-independent growth and CD133 expression in CD90-overexpressing cells. CD90 overexpression in SKOV3 cells, RLE-to-RLD domain mutation, β3 integrin shRNA, anchorage-independent growth assay, xenograft tumor formation, ALDH activity, Western blot for mTOR/AMPK International journal of oncology Medium 27633757
2016 Reduction of CD90 expression in mesenchymal stromal cells using shRNA lentiviral vectors enhanced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in vitro and caused a decrease in CD44 and CD166 expression, demonstrating that CD90 controls MSC differentiation commitment. CD90-targeted shRNA lentiviral knockdown, osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation assays, flow cytometry for surface markers Stem cell research & therapy Medium 27465541
2017 Environmental chemical TBBPA reduces Thy1 expression in human and mouse (pre)adipocyte cells by inducing miR-103 (and miR-107), which directly targets the Thy1 mRNA 3'UTR. Reduced Thy1 levels promoted adipogenesis; miR-103 induction by TBBPA was confirmed and luciferase reporter assays validated miR-103 targeting of Thy1 mRNA. Flow cytometry, Western blotting, qPCR for Thy1 expression, miRNA qPCR, luciferase reporter assay with Thy1 3'UTR, miR-103/107 prediction and validation Toxicological sciences Medium 28329833
2007 FcεRI-enriched membrane domains and Thy-1-enriched membrane domains have distinct lipid compositions: FcεRI domains contain approximately 2-fold more sphingomyelin and higher cholesterol-to-fatty acid ratios than Thy-1 microdomains, and plasmenyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine (plasmalogen GPE) is 2.5–3 times more abundant in FcεRI domains. Thy-1 domains are devoid of FcεRI subunits. Magnetic bead isolation of receptor/Thy-1 enriched membrane vesicles (detergent-free), lipidomics by positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry, protein analyses Journal of lipid research Medium 17387221
2012 Thy-1 siRNA knockdown in skin wound regions retarded wound repair in mice, reduced re-epithelialization quality, and caused continuously increased TGF-β1 levels at wound sites. In fibroblasts, Thy-1 affects cell migration into wounds, cell proliferation, and cytoskeletal structure. Thy-1 siRNA injection at wound sites in mice, wound healing rate measurement, TGF-β1 measurement, fibroblast scratch assay, proliferation and cytoskeletal imaging Journal of dermatological science Medium 23312577
2019 CD90+ fibroblasts in the colon crypt express class 3 semaphorins (Sema3) that are required for their supportive effect on intestinal organoid growth, in addition to expressing stem cell niche factors Grem1, Wnt2b, and R-spondin3. Stromal cell phenotyping, organoid co-culture assays, gene expression analysis (Sema3, Grem1, Wnt2b, R-spondin3), functional blockade experiments Cell reports Medium 30917322
2022 USF1 transcription factor directly regulates CD90 expression in glioblastoma stem cells (confirmed by luciferase assay and ChIP-qPCR). CD90 of GSCs functions as a physical anchor for monocyte/macrophage adhesion, supporting immunosuppressive TAM features that in turn enhance GSC stemness. CD90 overexpression rescued stemness properties in USF1-knockdown GSCs. USF1 siRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter assay, ChIP-qPCR for USF1 binding to CD90 promoter, CD90 overexpression rescue, co-culture of GSCs with macrophages, in vivo GBM models Neuro-oncology Medium 35287174
2018 Breast cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition enhance neutrophil TIMP-1 secretion via CD90 in a cell-contact manner. In vivo, CD90 blockade significantly reduced metastasis in tumor-bearing mice, supporting CD90 as a juxtacrine signal in the CD90-TIMP-1 pro-metastatic loop. Transwell and 3D Matrigel co-culture of neutrophils and cancer cells, antibody microarray cytokine screening, CD90 blockade in vivo, TIMP-1 neutralization in vivo Clinical cancer research Medium 30482778
2004 Thy-1 expression in neuronal cells is regulated by iron availability: iron chelation significantly decreased Thy-1 expression in PC12 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Brain homogenates from iron-deficient rats showed decreased Thy-1 levels, and Thy-1 concentration in the substantia nigra of Restless Legs Syndrome patients (with lower iron) was less than half that of controls. Iron chelation in PC12 cells, Western blot for Thy-1 and transferrin receptor, rat iron-deficiency model, brain tissue homogenate analysis from RLS patients Journal of the neurological sciences Medium 15140607
2022 CD90 is a downstream transcriptional effector of the NOTCH1 pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: NOTCH1 silencing by siRNA decreased HES1 and THY1 expression, and the NOTCH transcriptional regulator RBPJ was shown to bind putative sites on the THY1 promoter by ChIP assay. NOTCH1 siRNA knockdown, RT-PCR for HES1 and THY1, ChIP for RBPJ binding to THY1 promoter, CD90 OE/KD xenograft models, γ-secretase inhibitor (Crenigacestat) treatment Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 35172861

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 Significance of CD90+ cancer stem cells in human liver cancer. Cancer cell 973 18242515
2014 Thy1-GCaMP6 transgenic mice for neuronal population imaging in vivo. PloS one 445 25250714
2015 CD90+ liver cancer cells modulate endothelial cell phenotype through the release of exosomes containing H19 lncRNA. Molecular cancer 388 26272696
2013 Discrete nature of EpCAM+ and CD90+ cancer stem cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 234 23174907
2003 Thy-1 expression in human fibroblast subsets defines myofibroblastic or lipofibroblastic phenotypes. The American journal of pathology 223 14507638
2008 Thy-1 promoter hypermethylation: a novel epigenetic pathogenic mechanism in pulmonary fibrosis. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 202 18556592
1985 Thy-1 in developing nervous tissue. Developmental neuroscience 201 2866949
2016 A reduction in CD90 (THY-1) expression results in increased differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem cell research & therapy 157 27465541
2004 Thy-1: more than a mouse pan-T cell marker. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 138 15356100
2013 A CD90(+) tumor-initiating cell population with an aggressive signature and metastatic capacity in esophageal cancer. Cancer research 134 23382045
2006 Enhanced myofibroblastic differentiation and survival in Thy-1(-) lung fibroblasts. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 123 16960126
2009 CD90 Expression on human primary cells and elimination of contaminating fibroblasts from cell cultures. Cytotechnology 116 19296231
2021 Human skeletal muscle CD90+ fibro-adipogenic progenitors are associated with muscle degeneration in type 2 diabetic patients. Cell metabolism 110 34678202
2005 THY1 is a candidate tumour suppressor gene with decreased expression in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 109 16007174
2013 CD90 (Thy-1)-positive selection enhances osteogenic capacity of human adipose-derived stromal cells. Tissue engineering. Part A 107 23216074
2009 Roles and regulation of Thy-1, a context-dependent modulator of cell phenotype. BioFactors (Oxford, England) 104 19422052
1985 The human Thy-1 gene: structure and chromosomal location. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 2864690
2010 CD90/THY1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts and could serve as a cancer biomarker. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 99 20562849
2016 Multiple roles of CD90 in cancer. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 88 27337957
2010 Epigenetic regulation of thy-1 by histone deacetylase inhibitor in rat lung fibroblasts. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 88 20724553
2010 THY1 is a conserved marker of undifferentiated spermatogonia in the pre-pubertal bull testis. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 87 20154176
2018 Thy-1 (CD90) promotes bone formation and protects against obesity. Science translational medicine 86 30089635
2018 Tumor-Contacted Neutrophils Promote Metastasis by a CD90-TIMP-1 Juxtacrine-Paracrine Loop. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 80 30482778
2019 Colonic CD90+ Crypt Fibroblasts Secrete Semaphorins to Support Epithelial Growth. Cell reports 78 30917322
2019 CD90/Thy-1, a Cancer-Associated Cell Surface Signaling Molecule. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 77 31080802
2016 The Notch pathway promotes the cancer stem cell characteristics of CD90+ cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 71 26848615
1999 Galectin-3 modulates rat mesangial cell proliferation and matrix synthesis during experimental glomerulonephritis induced by anti-Thy1.1 antibodies. The Journal of pathology 69 10398110
2013 Human adipose CD34+ CD90+ stem cells and collagen scaffold constructs grafted in vivo fabricate loose connective and adipose tissues. Journal of cellular biochemistry 63 23129214
2019 Thy-1: more than a marker for mesenchymal stromal cells. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 61 30811954
2009 Loss of Thy-1 inhibits alveolar development in the newborn mouse lung. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 61 19270178
2010 Thymus cell antigen 1 (Thy1, CD90) is expressed by lymphatic vessels and mediates cell adhesion to lymphatic endothelium. Experimental cell research 60 20599951
2014 Overexpression of CD90 (Thy-1) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma present in the tumor microenvironment. PloS one 59 25536077
1984 Expression of the Thy-1 glycoprotein gene by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 59 6147849
2006 Expression of CD90 on keratinocyte stem/progenitor cells. The British journal of dermatology 58 16704635
2003 THY1 expression is associated with tumor suppression of human ovarian cancer. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics 58 12781446
2018 Expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 by Human Colonic CD90+ Stromal Cells Differs Between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease and Determines Their Capacity to Suppress Th1 Cells. Frontiers in immunology 55 29910803
2014 Thy1 (CD90) controls adipogenesis by regulating activity of the Src family kinase, Fyn. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 55 25416548
2010 Localization of CD44 and CD90 positive cells to the invasive front of breast tumors. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 54 20533389
2015 TGF-β1 epigenetically modifies Thy-1 expression in primary lung fibroblasts. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 53 26333597
2004 Thy1 expression in the brain is affected by iron and is decreased in Restless Legs Syndrome. Journal of the neurological sciences 51 15140607
2001 Impact of CD133 (AC133) and CD90 expression analysis for acute leukemia immunophenotyping. Haematologica 51 11224484
2012 Melanoma cells use Thy-1 (CD90) on endothelial cells for metastasis formation. The American journal of pathology 50 23159525
2016 Altered Dermal Fibroblasts in Systemic Sclerosis Display Podoplanin and CD90. The American journal of pathology 48 27565038
2016 miR-589-5p inhibits MAP3K8 and suppresses CD90+ cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 48 27835990
2006 Increased neutrophil adherence in psoriasis: role of the human endothelial cell receptor Thy-1 (CD90). The Journal of investigative dermatology 47 16374458
2016 CD90 a potential cancer stem cell marker and a therapeutic target. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 46 27062695
2013 THY1 as a reliable marker for enrichment of undifferentiated spermatogonia in the goat. Theriogenology 46 23987985
2022 Triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticles encapsulated by CD90+ MCSs-derived microvesicles drive anti-inflammatory properties and promote cartilage regeneration after osteoarthritis. Journal of nanobiotechnology 45 35305656
2014 THY-1 receptor expression differentiates cardiosphere-derived cells with divergent cardiogenic differentiation potential. Stem cell reports 45 24936447
1994 Thy1 (+) and (-) lung fibrosis subpopulations in LEW and F344 rats. The European respiratory journal 45 7536165
2015 Therapeutics targeting CD90-integrin-AMPK-CD133 signal axis in liver cancer. Oncotarget 44 26556861
2019 Thy-1/CD90 a Bidirectional and Lateral Signaling Scaffold. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 42 31428610
2015 THY-1 Cell Surface Antigen (CD90) Has an Important Role in the Initial Stage of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection. PLoS pathogens 42 26147640
2016 Cultured pericytes from human brain show phenotypic and functional differences associated with differential CD90 expression. Scientific reports 41 27215737
2016 Molecular characterization of Thy1 expressing fear-inhibiting neurons within the basolateral amygdala. Nature communications 40 27767183
2011 Human CD90 identifies Th17/Tc17 T cell subsets that are depleted in HIV-infected patients. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 39 22184726
2017 CD90 Expression Controls Migration and Predicts Dasatinib Response in Glioblastoma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 38 28939749
2016 Cancer stem cell marker CD90 inhibits ovarian cancer formation via β3 integrin. International journal of oncology 38 27633757
2020 Purification of Human CD34+CD90+ HSCs Reduces Target Cell Population and Improves Lentiviral Transduction for Gene Therapy. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 37 32802914
2018 The SHH/Gli axis regulates CD90-mediated liver cancer stem cell function by activating the IL6/JAK2 pathway. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 35 29722127
2018 Thy1-Targeted Microbubbles for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 34 29301827
2018 CD90 Identifies Adventitial Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells in Adult Human Medium- and Large-Sized Arteries. Stem cell reports 34 30008326
2017 CD90 promotes cell migration, viability and sphere‑forming ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. International journal of molecular medicine 34 29251325
2023 Thy-1 (CD90)-regulated cell adhesion and migration of mesenchymal cells: insights into adhesomes, mechanical forces, and signaling pathways. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 31 38099295
2019 Soluble Thy-1 reverses lung fibrosis via its integrin-binding motif. JCI insight 31 31672942
2020 The multiple roles of Thy-1 in cell differentiation and regeneration. Differentiation; research in biological diversity 30 32403041
2005 Characterization of alphaX I-domain binding to Thy-1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 30 15850796
2015 Isolation and characterization of CD105+/CD90+ subpopulation in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 29 26191205
2002 Concordant and discordant interleukin-1-mediated signaling in lung fibroblast thy-1 subpopulations. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 29 12034569
2022 THY1-mediated mechanisms converge to drive YAP activation in skin homeostasis and repair. Nature cell biology 28 35798842
2012 Differential expression of CD90 and CD14 stem cell markers in malignant breast cancer cell lines. Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology 28 23090904
2023 Role and mechanism of CD90+ fibroblasts in inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 27 36747131
2014 Expression of CD90, CD96, CD117, and CD123 on different hematopoietic cell populations from pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Archives of medical research 26 24751333
2010 Anomalous expression of Thy1 (CD90) in B-cell lymphoma cells and proliferation inhibition by anti-Thy1 antibody treatment. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 26 20403334
2004 Expression and activity of soluble guanylate cyclase in injury and repair of anti-thy1 glomerulonephritis. Kidney international 26 15569311
2021 Thy-1 (CD90)-Induced Metastatic Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion Are β3 Integrin-Dependent and Involve a Ca2+/P2X7 Receptor Signaling Axis. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 25 33511115
2019 Thy-1 as an Integrator of Diverse Extracellular Signals. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 25 30859102
2019 Distinct biological characterization of the CD44 and CD90 phenotypes of cancer stem cells in gastric cancer cell lines. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 25 31073886
2012 miR-548c-5p inhibits proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis in CD90(+) HepG2 cells. Radiology and oncology 25 23077462
2022 CD90 is regulated by notch1 and hallmarks a more aggressive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma phenotype. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 24 35172861
2018 Thy1 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation and modulates bone homeostasis in obese mice. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 24 29401595
2017 Editor's Highlight: Thy1 (CD90) Expression is Reduced by the Environmental Chemical Tetrabromobisphenol-A to Promote Adipogenesis Through Induction of microRNA-103. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 24 28329833
2015 Glioblastoma specific antigens, GD2 and CD90, are not involved in cancer stemness. Anatomy & cell biology 24 25806121
2022 Thy-1 (CD90), Integrins and Syndecan 4 are Key Regulators of Skin Wound Healing. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 23 35186924
2022 USF1/CD90 signaling in maintaining glioblastoma stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages adhesion. Neuro-oncology 23 35287174
2019 CD90 highly expressed population harbors a stemness signature and creates an immunosuppressive niche in pancreatic cancer. Cancer letters 23 30954649
2014 THY1 is a surface marker of porcine gonocytes. Reproduction, fertility, and development 23 23683542
2012 Thy-1 knockdown retards wound repair in mouse skin. Journal of dermatological science 23 23312577
2008 Thy1 up-regulates FasL expression in lung myofibroblasts via Src family kinases. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 23 18676775
2005 Monoclonal antibody-polyethyleneimine conjugates targeting Her-2/neu or CD90 allow cell type-specific nonviral gene delivery. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 23 15681094
2018 Thy-1, a Pathfinder Protein for the Post-genomic Era. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 22 30619853
2016 Identification of CD90 as Putative Cancer Stem Cell Marker and Therapeutic Target in Insulinomas. Stem cells and development 22 27049037
2019 Thy-1 in Integrin Mediated Mechanotransduction. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 21 30859101
2007 CD90-positive cells, an additional cell population, produce laminin alpha2 upon transplantation to dy(3k)/dy(3k) mice. Experimental cell research 20 17963748
2005 Microarray and bioinformatic detection of novel and established genes expressed in experimental anti-Thy1 nephritis. Kidney international 20 16316330
1992 Cutaneous expression of Thy-1 in mycosis fungoides. The American journal of pathology 19 1281618
2019 Extensive CD34-to-CD90 Fibroblast Transition Defines Regions of Cutaneous Reparative, Hypertrophic, and Keloidal Scarring. The American Journal of dermatopathology 18 30320623
2007 FcepsilonRI and Thy-1 domains have unique protein and lipid compositions. Journal of lipid research 18 17387221
2022 CD34+THY1+ synovial fibroblast subset in arthritic joints has high osteoblastic and chondrogenic potentials in vitro. Arthritis research & therapy 17 35168627
2017 Thy1 (CD90) Expression Is Elevated in Radiation-Induced Periprosthetic Capsular Contracture: Implication for Novel Therapeutics. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 17 28746279

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