Affinage

ITGAX

Integrin alpha-X · UniProt P20702

Length
1163 aa
Mass
127.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ITGAX encodes the alpha-X subunit of the beta2-integrin heterodimer CD11c/CD18 (CR4, p150/95), a signaling-competent adhesion receptor central to myeloid cell function across inflammation, immunity, and tissue remodeling (PMID:7535339, PMID:17389580). As a receptor it transduces signals from lipopolysaccharide independently of CD14 (driving NF-κB translocation) and engages the cell-adhesion ligands ICAM-2 and VCAM-1, with the VCAM-1 contact site distinct from that used by alpha4-integrin (PMID:7535339, PMID:17389580). Its adhesive and phagocytic functions are gated by phosphorylation of the alpha-chain at Ser-1158 (PMID:24129562). Transcriptionally, CD11c expression is myeloid-differentiation-dependent, controlled by a proximal AP-1 site transactivated by c-Jun together with Sp1 and C/EBP elements (PMID:8621914, PMID:9250811), and is inducible by metabolic and inflammatory cues including triglyceride-rich lipoprotein uptake via LRP-1 and stearic-acid signaling through the retinoic acid receptor and E-FABP (PMID:21030716, PMID:29626089). Functionally, CD11c/CD18 supports monocyte firm arrest on VCAM-1 and E-selectin to drive atherogenesis (PMID:19433759), mediates antigen-presenting-cell priming of CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cells through interaction with MHC II and Hsp90 and downstream Akt/Erk1/2 activation (PMID:33934334), and is required for autoimmune T-cell-driven pathology in EAE and for diet-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance (PMID:17525267, PMID:19910635). Within the bone marrow CD11c governs neutrophil maturation and protects hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from stress-induced apoptosis (PMID:36306384, PMID:33351105). CD11c also marks functionally distinct cell states whose development is directed by the transcription factors T-bet and Zeb2 — the CD11chiCD21lo / atypical B cell subset that supports germinal-center and TFH responses (PMID:35867801, PMID:38330097) — and labels microglial populations that traffic alpha-synuclein aggregates from brain to gut and promote white-matter repair after stroke (PMID:37981650, PMID:36828819). In disease-specific axes CD11c+ myeloid cells use Rab27-dependent exosomal transfer of miR-146a to suppress intestinal inflammation (PMID:36214220), and a perivascular CD11chi decidual macrophage subset responds to trophoblast galectin-9 via CD44 to impair spiral-artery remodeling in preeclampsia (PMID:38314577).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Established that CD11c/CD18 is not merely an adhesion molecule but a transmembrane signaling receptor able to sense LPS and activate NF-κB, defining a CD14-independent endotoxin response pathway.

    Evidence Heterologous expression in CHO fibroblasts with NF-κB translocation readout and anti-CD14 antibody controls

    PMID:7535339

    Open questions at the time
    • Slower, higher-threshold responses than CD14 leave physiological relevance of direct LPS sensing unclear
    • Downstream signaling intermediates not mapped
  2. 1997 High

    Defined how CD11c expression is restricted to myeloid lineage, identifying the cis-elements (AP-1, Sp1, C/EBP) and the transactivator c-Jun that couple promoter activity to differentiation cues.

    Evidence EMSA, in vivo footprinting, site-directed mutagenesis, luciferase reporters, and stable transfection in U937 and myeloid/B cell lines

    PMID:8621914 PMID:9250811

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream signals activating these factors during physiological differentiation not fully defined
    • Distinct butyrate-responsive element remains uncharacterized
  3. 2007 Medium

    Expanded the CD11c ligand repertoire to ICAM-2 and VCAM-1 and showed it cooperates with alpha4beta1 in monocyte capture, repositioning CD11c as a contributor to leukocyte recruitment on inflamed endothelium.

    Evidence Cell adhesion and monocyte transmigration assays on human aortic endothelial cells with blocking antibodies

    PMID:17389580

    Open questions at the time
    • Affinity and stoichiometry of CD11c-VCAM-1 binding not quantified
    • Relative in vivo contribution of each ligand unresolved
  4. 2009 High

    Provided genetic proof that CD11c drives disease by mediating firm monocyte arrest, linking its adhesive function to atherosclerosis progression and to adipose inflammation and insulin resistance.

    Evidence CD11c-/- mice, shear-flow adhesion assays, atherosclerotic lesion quantification in apoE-/- cross, and high-fat-diet metabolic phenotyping

    PMID:19433759 PMID:19910635

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type-specific contributions (monocyte vs. tissue macrophage vs. T cell) not separated
    • Signaling link from adhesion to inflammation not defined
  5. 2010 Medium

    Connected a metabolic input to CD11c function by showing LRP-1-mediated triglyceride-rich lipoprotein uptake upregulates CD11c and enhances monocyte arrest, providing a postprandial mechanism for atherogenic adhesion.

    Evidence Flow cytometry, lipoprotein internalization, and lab-on-a-chip shear-flow assays correlated with blood triglyceride

    PMID:21030716

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional pathway from LRP-1 to ITGAX promoter not traced
    • Correlative human data not causal
  6. 2013 High

    Identified a specific post-translational control point, showing phosphorylation of the alpha-chain Ser-1158 is required for CD11c/CD18-mediated adherence and phagocytosis.

    Evidence Phosphosite identification and site-directed mutagenesis with adherence and phagocytosis readouts

    PMID:24129562

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase responsible for Ser-1158 phosphorylation not identified
    • Structural basis of how phosphorylation alters integrin activity unknown
  7. 2012 Medium

    Showed CD11c surface levels are dynamically regulated upon TLR activation in a partly MyD88-dependent, species-divergent manner, indicating receptor trafficking accompanies dendritic cell maturation.

    Evidence Flow cytometry and intracellular staining of mouse BMDC/splenic DC with multiple TLR agonists and MyD88-deficient cells

    PMID:22445076

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of internalization vs. degradation not resolved
    • Functional consequence of surface downregulation unclear
    • Human DC behavior differs and is unexplained
  8. 2018 Medium

    Demonstrated CD11c is functionally important on activated B cells and can be exploited as a delivery target, showing CR4 mediates B-cell adhesion/migration/proliferation and that CD11c-targeted dsDNA matures DCs via cGAS-STING.

    Evidence De novo synthesis, adhesion, migration and proliferation assays on human B cells; cGAS/STING KO THP-1 cells with antibody-conjugated dsDNA

    PMID:29189388 PMID:33133077

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling that couples CR4 adhesion to B-cell proliferation not defined
    • Whether CD11c itself signals or only delivers cargo in the dsDNA system unresolved
  9. 2018 Medium

    Mapped a lipid-sensing input to CD11c, showing stearic acid induces CD11c via the retinoic acid receptor with E-FABP as a required cytosolic mediator linking saturated fat to monocyte activation.

    Evidence In vitro fatty-acid treatment, nuclear receptor assays, E-FABP knockout, and high-saturated-fat diet skin-lesion model

    PMID:29626089

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between E-FABP and the ITGAX promoter not shown
    • Generalizability beyond skin pathology untested
  10. 2019 High

    Established CD11c+ APCs as effectors in salt-sensitive hypertension and dissected ancillary ion-channel biology of CD11c+ DCs, identifying SGK1-driven ENaC assembly and TRPV4-dependent Fc-receptor phagocytosis.

    Evidence CD11c-specific conditional SGK1 KO mice with co-IP of ENaC subunits and blood-pressure phenotyping; TRPV4 KO BMDC with Ca2+ imaging and phagocytosis assays

    PMID:31280647 PMID:31295806

    Open questions at the time
    • These pathways operate in CD11c+ cells but do not show CD11c itself as the molecular effector
    • Crosstalk between integrin signaling and these channels not examined
  11. 2021 Medium

    Defined a molecular mechanism for CD11c in T-cell priming, showing it associates with MHC II and Hsp90 and contributes to Akt/Erk1/2 activation required for Th1 and CD8 responses.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation analysis, CD11c-blocking antibodies on human moDCs, and CD11c-deficient allo-BMT mouse model

    PMID:33934334

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs. indirect nature of the MHC II/Hsp90 interaction not established by reciprocal validation
    • How an integrin physically organizes the immunological synapse unclear
  12. 2020 Medium

    Revealed stress-restricted roles of CD11c in hematopoiesis, showing it is dispensable in steady state but protects HSPCs from apoptosis and supports their expansion under sepsis and transplantation stress.

    Evidence Flow cytometry of HSPCs, CD11c KO mice, LPS sepsis and bone-marrow transplantation models, apoptosis assays

    PMID:33351105

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular survival pathway downstream of CD11c in HSPCs not identified
    • Whether effect is HSPC-intrinsic or niche-mediated unresolved
  13. 2023 High

    Provided bidirectional genetic evidence that CD11c instructs granulopoiesis, with loss impairing and a constitutively active receptor accelerating neutrophil maturation and antibacterial function.

    Evidence CD11c knockout and constitutively active knock-in mice with bone-marrow flow cytometry, LPS challenge, and bacterial eradication assays

    PMID:36306384

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling output of the activated integrin driving maturation not mapped
    • Ligand engaged during marrow neutrophil development unknown
  14. 2023 High

    Identified CD11c-marked microglial states with distinct roles in neurological disease, tracking brain-to-gut migration carrying alpha-synuclein and showing CD11c+ microglia are required for post-stroke white-matter repair.

    Evidence Photo-convertible Dendra2 tracing and scRNA-seq in a Parkinson's model; conditional rAAV-caspase3 depletion in CD11c-Cre mice in a tMCAO stroke model with imaging/behavioral readouts

    PMID:36828819 PMID:37981650

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CD11c the protein, versus CD11c+ cell identity, mediates these functions not separated
    • Mechanism of trans-tissue migration unknown
  15. 2022 High

    Placed CD11c+ B cell subsets within defined transcriptional programs, showing T-bet and Zeb2 control development of CD11chiCD21lo and atypical B cells that sustain germinal-center and TFH responses.

    Evidence Human T-bet- and ZEB2-deficient patients, ATAC-seq, CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown, in vitro B-cell differentiation, and Plasmodium immunization model

    PMID:35867801 PMID:38330097

    Open questions at the time
    • CD11c is a marker rather than a demonstrated functional driver in these subsets
    • Direct regulation of ITGAX by T-bet/Zeb2 not shown
  16. 2024 High

    Defined disease-specific CD11c+ myeloid axes: Rab27-dependent exosomal miR-146a transfer suppressing colitis, and galectin-9/CD44 activation of CD11chi decidual macrophages impairing spiral-artery remodeling in preeclampsia.

    Evidence Cell-specific Rab27A KO with exosome rescue and miR-146a target validation; scRNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, macrophage-specific CD44 KO and galectin-9 blockade in preeclampsia models

    PMID:36214220 PMID:38314577

    Open questions at the time
    • These define CD11c+ cell behaviors but not a molecular role for the CD11c protein itself
    • Whether CD11c integrin engagement triggers galectin-9 responsiveness untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved which findings reflect a direct molecular function of the CD11c/CD18 integrin versus the behavior of CD11c-marked cell populations, and the kinase, ligand-engagement, and downstream signaling logic connecting Ser-1158 phosphorylation, MHC II/Hsp90 association, and Akt/Erk activation to specific cellular outcomes is not integrated.
  • No structural model of CD11c ligand engagement
  • Kinase for Ser-1158 unidentified
  • Marker-versus-effector ambiguity across most in vivo phenotypes

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 2 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 1 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3
Partners
HLA-DRHSP90ICAM1ICAM2ITGB2LRP1VCAM1
Complex memberships
CD11c/CD18 (CR4, p150/95)

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 CD11c/CD18 functions as a transmembrane signaling receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capable of initiating signal transduction (NF-κB translocation) independently of CD14 and serum proteins when expressed in CHO fibroblasts. Responses were slower and required higher endotoxin concentrations than CD14-mediated responses, and were not inhibited by anti-CD14 antibodies. Heterologous expression in CHO cells; NF-κB translocation assay The Journal of experimental medicine High 7535339
1996 The CD11c gene promoter activity during myeloid differentiation is controlled by an AP-1 binding site (AP1-60) in the proximal promoter region, with c-Jun transactivating the promoter; mutation of AP1-60 greatly reduces basal and PMA-induced promoter activity in myeloid and B cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), in vivo footprinting, site-directed mutagenesis, reporter gene (luciferase) assays, transactivation by c-Jun Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) High 8621914
1997 The tissue-specific activity of the CD11c promoter is conferred by two Sp1-binding sites and an adjacent C/EBP-binding element; the AP-1 site mediates differentiation-inducibility by PMA and GM-CSF; an additional element distinct from AP-1 is required for sodium butyrate-triggered induction. Stable transfection of the -361/+43 fragment into U937 cells confirms differentiation-dependent promoter activity. Promoter deletion/mutation analysis, stable transfection into U937 cells, luciferase reporter assays Leukemia & lymphoma Medium 9250811
2007 CD11c recognizes ICAM-2 and VCAM-1 as novel ligands. The CD11c-binding site on VCAM-1 is distinct from the alpha4-integrin binding site. CD11c and alpha4beta1 together contribute to monocyte capture and transmigration on inflamed human aortic endothelial cells. Anti-mouse CD11c mAb N418 blocks CD11c binding to iC3b, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Cell adhesion assays, monocyte transmigration assay on human aortic endothelial cells, blocking antibody experiments Journal of leukocyte biology Medium 17389580
2007 CD11c (p150/95) expression is required for development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); CD11c-deficient mice show reduced spinal cord T-cell infiltration and altered cytokine profiles (reduced IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, TGF-β; elevated IL-2, IL-4, IL-12). Adoptive transfer experiments show CD11c is required on both T cells and other leukocytes for disease development. CD11c-knockout mice, EAE model, adoptive transfer of antigen-restimulated T cells, cytokine measurement The American journal of pathology High 17525267
2009 CD11c deficiency in mice decreases firm arrest of monocytes on VCAM-1 and E-selectin under shear flow, reduces monocyte/macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, and decreases atherosclerosis development in apoE-/- mice on a high-fat diet. CD11c-/- mouse generation, shear flow adhesion assay on VCAM-1 and E-selectin, histological quantification of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-/- cross Circulation High 19433759
2009 CD11c deficiency in mice does not alter weight gain on high-fat diet but decreases T-cell accumulation and activation in adipose tissue, and ameliorates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance associated with diet-induced obesity. CD11c-/- mice on high-fat diet, flow cytometry of adipose tissue, insulin/glucose tolerance tests Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Medium 19910635
2010 Monocytes internalize triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from postprandial blood via LDL-receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), which elicits CD11c upregulation and enhanced monocyte arrest on VCAM-1 under shear flow; monocyte arrest correlated with blood triglyceride and CD11c expression levels. Flow cytometry, lipoprotein internalization assay, lab-on-a-chip shear flow assay Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Medium 21030716
2013 The CD11c alpha-chain is phosphorylated at Ser-1158; this phosphorylation is functionally pivotal for CD11c/CD18-mediated cell adherence and phagocytosis, as shown by site-directed mutagenesis. Phosphorylation site identification, site-directed mutagenesis of Ser-1158, adherence and phagocytosis assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 24129562
2018 CD11c/CD18 (CR4) on BCR-activated human B cells is newly synthesized (not redistributed), functional in mediating adhesion and migration of activated B lymphocytes, and its CR4-mediated adhesion promotes proliferation of BCR-activated cells. CD11c expression on tonsillar B cells increases upon BCR activation and occurs in parallel with class switching. Flow cytometry, de novo synthesis assay, adhesion assay, migration assay, proliferation assay on human tonsillar and blood B cells Frontiers in immunology Medium 33133077
2021 CD11c on dendritic cells participates in antigen presentation by interacting with MHC II and Hsp90, and contributes to phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 upon inflammatory stimulation. Blocking CD11c on human monocyte-derived DCs inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th1 differentiation; CD11c-deficient recipient mice in allo-BMT showed reduced IFN-γ+ CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses. Co-immunoprecipitation (CD11c with MHC II and Hsp90), phosphorylation analysis, CD11c-blocking antibody experiments, CD11c-deficient murine allo-BMT model, transcriptional analysis Immunology Medium 33934334
2023 CD11c regulates neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow; CD11c deficiency impairs neutrophil maturation, increases proliferation and apoptosis of preneutrophils, and leads to exaggerated release of immature neutrophils under LPS challenge. Constitutively active CD11c knock-in mice show accelerated neutrophil maturation with enhanced effector functions and superior bacterial eradication. CD11c knockout and constitutively active CD11c knock-in mice, bone marrow analysis by flow cytometry, LPS challenge model, bacterial eradication assay Blood advances High 36306384
2020 CD11c is expressed on short-term hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitor cells (HSPCs). CD11c deficiency does not affect HSPC numbers in healthy mice, but leads to increased apoptosis and significant loss of HSPCs in sepsis and bone marrow transplantation models, demonstrating a distinct role of CD11c in regulating HSPC expansion under stress. Flow cytometry of HSPCs, CD11c knockout mice, sepsis model (LPS), bone marrow transplantation, apoptosis assays Blood advances Medium 33351105
2012 Upon TLR3/4/9 agonist activation, mouse (but not human) dendritic cells strongly downregulate cell surface CD11c in a MyD88-dependent manner (for TLR4/9) with concomitant increase in cytoplasmic CD11c pools. Poly I:C (TLR3, MyD88-independent) also induces surface CD11c downregulation. Flow cytometry, intracellular staining, TLR agonist stimulation of mouse BMDC and splenic DCs, MyD88-deficient cells, mixed leukocyte reaction, cytokine secretion assays Immunobiology Medium 22445076
2018 Stearic acid (a saturated fatty acid) induces CD11c expression in monocytes via activation of the nuclear retinoic acid receptor, and cytosolic epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) is required for this SA-induced CD11c upregulation. E-FABP depletion inhibits SA-induced CD11c upregulation in vitro and abrogates high-saturated-fat diet-induced skin lesions in obese mice. In vitro fatty acid treatment of monocytes/macrophages, nuclear receptor activation assay, E-FABP knockout, flow cytometry, in vivo high-fat diet model Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) Medium 29626089
2018 CD11c-targeted delivery of double-stranded DNA to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells leads to dendritic cell maturation via cGAS- and STING-dependent pathways, as shown by complete abrogation of maturation marker upregulation in cGAS KO and STING KO cells. Anti-CD11c antibody-conjugated dsDNA delivery, cGAS KO and STING KO THP-1 cell lines, flow cytometry for DC maturation markers Journal of immunotherapy Medium 29189388
2019 In CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells, the salt-sensing kinase SGK1 mediates high salt-induced expression and assembly of ENaC-α and ENaC-γ subunits (shown by co-immunoprecipitation), activates NADPH oxidase, and promotes formation of IsoLG-protein adducts leading to renal inflammation and hypertension. Mice lacking SGK1 specifically in CD11c+ cells are protected from renal inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and show blunted salt-sensitive hypertension. Conditional CD11c-specific SGK1 knockout mice, co-immunoprecipitation of ENaC-α and ENaC-γ, NADPH oxidase activity assays, IsoLG-adduct measurement, blood pressure monitoring Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) High 31280647
2019 TRPV4 is functionally expressed in the plasma membrane of immature CD11c+ bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, with activity and expression downregulated upon LPS-induced maturation. TRPV4 deficiency does not prevent NF-κB activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulation, or maturation marker expression, but specifically reduces Fc receptor-mediated (IgG-coated bead) phagocytosis without affecting non-receptor-mediated internalization. Intracellular Ca2+ imaging, TRPV4 knockout BMDC, flow cytometry, NF-κB nuclear translocation, phagocytosis assays with IgG-coated vs. uncoated beads International journal of molecular sciences Medium 31295806
2023 CD11c+ microglia traffic from the brain to the ileum in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, carrying alpha-synuclein aggregates. Ileal CD11c+ cells are microglia-like by single-cell RNA sequencing, and the same subtype is activated in both brain and ileum. Photo-convertible Dendra2 reporter mice directly demonstrate brain-to-gut migration of CD11c+ cells. Immunohistochemistry, single-cell RNA sequencing, photo-convertible protein Dendra2 tracing in mice Nature communications High 37981650
2023 CD11c+ microglia selectively promote white matter repair after ischemic stroke; they exhibit high phagocytic capability, myelin-supportive gene expression, and lipid metabolism genes. Selective depletion of CD11c+ microglia via stereotactic rAAV2/6M-taCasp3 injection in CD11c-Cre mice disrupts white matter repair, oligodendrocyte maturation, and functional recovery. Mouse tMCAO stroke model, MRI DTI, flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, conditional cell depletion (rAAV-caspase3 in CD11c-Cre mice), Rotarod/adhesive removal/Morris Water Maze tests Cell death & disease High 36828819
2024 Trophoblast-derived galectin-9 activates a perivascular CD11chigh decidual macrophage subset via CD44 binding, suppressing uterine spiral artery remodeling and contributing to preeclampsia. Galectin-9 administration induces preeclampsia-like phenotypes with increased CD11chigh decidual macrophages, while galectin-9 blockade or macrophage-specific CD44 deletion prevents these phenotypes. Single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, conditional knockout mice (macrophage-specific CD44 deletion), recombinant galectin-9 mouse model, galectin-9 blockade, cell-based studies Circulation High 38314577
2022 Human T-bet governs the development of a distinct CD11chiCD21lo B cell subset by controlling chromatin accessibility of lineage-defining genes including FAS, IL21R, SEC61B, DUSP4, DAPP1, SOX5, CD79B, and CXCR4. A patient with inherited T-bet deficiency lacks these B cells but has largely intact humoral immunity, with skewed class switching to IgG1/IgG4/IgE. Study of human patient with inherited T-bet deficiency, in vitro B cell differentiation assays, ATAC-seq (chromatin accessibility), flow cytometry, immunoglobulin class switching analysis Science immunology High 35867801
2024 ABC (atypical B cell) formation is dependent on the transcription factor Zeb2; CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown of Zeb2 impairs CD11c+ ABC formation. ZEB2 haplo-insufficient patients (Mowat-Wilson syndrome) have decreased circulating ABCs. ABCs drive optimal TFH cell formation and GC responses and reside at the red/white pulp border, permitting antigen presentation to sustain germinal centers during recrudescent blood-stage malaria. CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown screen, human patient samples (MWS), Cd23 mice with impaired ABC formation, Plasmodium sporozoite immunization model, immune phenotyping Science immunology High 38330097
2022 CD11c+ myeloid cell-derived exosomes reduce intestinal inflammation during colitis; Rab27A deletion in CD11c+ cells exacerbates murine colitis, reversible by administration of DC-derived exosomes. DC exosomes carry miR-146a which is transferred to macrophages and T cells via a Rab27-dependent mechanism, targeting Traf6, IRAK-1, and NLRP3 in macrophages to reduce inflammation. Cell-specific Rab27A knockout mice, DSS colitis model, exosome administration, miRNA profiling, miR-146a target validation in macrophages JCI insight High 36214220

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 Ablation of CD11c-positive cells normalizes insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant animals. Cell metabolism 672 18840360
2001 CD11c(+)B220(+)Gr-1(+) cells in mouse lymph nodes and spleen display characteristics of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 511 11602645
2018 IL-21 drives expansion and plasma cell differentiation of autoreactive CD11chiT-bet+ B cells in SLE. Nature communications 465 29717110
1995 CD11c/CD18, a transmembrane signaling receptor for lipopolysaccharide. The Journal of experimental medicine 247 7535339
2001 Bacterial CpG-DNA triggers activation and maturation of human CD11c-, CD123+ dendritic cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 224 11290780
2010 CD11c depletion severely disrupts Th2 induction and development in vivo. The Journal of experimental medicine 217 20819926
2009 Functional role of CD11c+ monocytes in atherogenesis associated with hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 210 19433759
2017 Role of CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells in human health and disease. Cellular immunology 142 28756897
2010 CD11c/CD18 expression is upregulated on blood monocytes during hypertriglyceridemia and enhances adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 135 21030716
1999 Depletion in blood CD11c-positive dendritic cells from HIV-infected patients. AIDS (London, England) 133 10357374
2019 High Salt Activates CD11c+ Antigen-Presenting Cells via SGK (Serum Glucocorticoid Kinase) 1 to Promote Renal Inflammation and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 123 31280647
2009 CD11c expression in adipose tissue and blood and its role in diet-induced obesity. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 121 19910635
2012 Functionally relevant neutrophilia in CD11c diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice. Nature methods 114 22367054
2020 CD11c+ B Cells Are Mainly Memory Cells, Precursors of Antibody Secreting Cells in Healthy Donors. Frontiers in immunology 100 32158442
1999 Salmonella efficiently enter and survive within cultured CD11c+ dendritic cells initiating cytokine expression. European journal of immunology 97 10229077
2008 CD11c(+) dendritic cells maintain antigen processing, presentation capabilities, and CD4(+) T-cell priming efficacy under hypercholesterolemic conditions associated with atherosclerosis. Circulation research 92 18832748
1996 Phenotypic and functional characterization of CD11c+ dendritic cell population in mouse Peyer's patches. European journal of immunology 90 8765024
2007 CD11c/CD18: novel ligands and a role in delayed-type hypersensitivity. Journal of leukocyte biology 89 17389580
2019 Identification of HIV transmitting CD11c+ human epidermal dendritic cells. Nature communications 87 31227717
2023 Autoimmunity in Down's syndrome via cytokines, CD4 T cells and CD11c+ B cells. Nature 85 36813963
2019 Excessive CD11c+Tbet+ B cells promote aberrant TFH differentiation and affinity-based germinal center selection in lupus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84 31451659
2006 Prominent production of IL-20 by CD68+/CD11c+ myeloid-derived cells in psoriasis: Gene regulation and cellular effects. The Journal of investigative dermatology 84 16645593
2023 CD11c+ microglia promote white matter repair after ischemic stroke. Cell death & disease 74 36828819
2012 The mouse dendritic cell marker CD11c is down-regulated upon cell activation through Toll-like receptor triggering. Immunobiology 73 22445076
2022 Human T-bet governs the generation of a distinct subset of CD11chighCD21low B cells. Science immunology 69 35867801
2022 Interferon regulatory factor-5-dependent CD11c+ macrophages contribute to the formation of rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques. European heart journal 68 35567557
2018 TLR4, TRIF, and MyD88 are essential for myelopoiesis and CD11c+ adipose tissue macrophage production in obese mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 68 29636416
2017 Circulating classical monocytes are associated with CD11c+ macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue. Scientific reports 65 28198418
2016 Bone Marrow CD11c+ Cell-Derived Amphiregulin Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 64 27206766
2019 CSF1R Stimulation Promotes Increased Neuroprotection by CD11c+ Microglia in EAE. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 58 30687013
2018 Generation of functional murine CD11c+ age-associated B cells in the absence of B cell T-bet expression. European journal of immunology 57 30353919
2021 Deep Phenotyping of CD11c+ B Cells in Systemic Autoimmunity and Controls. Frontiers in immunology 56 33777025
2019 B cell profiling in malaria reveals expansion and remodelling of CD11c+ B cell subsets. JCI insight 56 30939125
2022 The development and function of CD11c+ atypical B cells - insights from single cell analysis. Frontiers in immunology 55 36072594
2024 Zeb2 drives the formation of CD11c+ atypical B cells to sustain germinal centers that control persistent infection. Science immunology 54 38330097
2023 Definition of the contribution of an Osteopontin-producing CD11c+ microglial subset to Alzheimer's disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 53 36730200
2018 CD1d-mediated lipid presentation by CD11c+ cells regulates intestinal homeostasis. The EMBO journal 53 29378774
2017 Distinct Kinase-Independent Role of RIPK3 in CD11c+ Mononuclear Phagocytes in Cytokine-Induced Tissue Repair. Cell reports 52 28273458
2023 CD11c+ macrophages are proangiogenic and necessary for experimental choroidal neovascularization. JCI insight 48 36821388
2015 Gatekeeper role of brain antigen-presenting CD11c+ cells in neuroinflammation. The EMBO journal 48 26612827
2002 Elevated expression of CCR5 by myeloid (CD11c+) blood dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis and acute optic neuritis. Clinical and experimental immunology 48 11966770
2015 Expression of CD11c and EMR2 on neutrophils: potential diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis and systemic inflammation. Clinical and experimental immunology 47 26153037
2018 CD11c-expressing Ly6C+CCR2+ monocytes constitute a reservoir for efficient Leishmania proliferation and cell-to-cell transmission. PLoS pathogens 45 30346994
2016 Expression of CD11c Is Associated with Unconventional Activated T Cell Subsets with High Migratory Potential. PloS one 44 27119555
2004 Nasal Flt3 ligand cDNA elicits CD11c+CD8+ dendritic cells for enhanced mucosal immunity. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 44 15004163
2019 Functional Characterization of CD11c+ Age-Associated B Cells as Memory B Cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 42 31636237
2006 Resident CD11c+ lung cells are impaired by anthrax toxins after spore infection. The Journal of infectious diseases 42 16741886
2010 Defining in vivo dendritic cell functions using CD11c-DTR transgenic mice. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 41 19941129
2015 CD11c(+) macrophages and levels of TNF-α and MMP-3 are increased in synovial and adipose tissues of osteoarthritic mice with hyperlipidaemia. Clinical and experimental immunology 40 25693634
2015 Identification of Pathogenic Cardiac CD11c+ Macrophages in Nod1-Mediated Acute Coronary Arteritis. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 40 25838430
2024 A Galectin-9-Driven CD11chigh Decidual Macrophage Subset Suppresses Uterine Vascular Remodeling in Preeclampsia. Circulation 39 38314577
2011 Defining the anatomical localisation of subsets of the murine mononuclear phagocyte system using integrin alpha X (Itgax, CD11c) and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (Csf1r, CD115) expression fails to discriminate dendritic cells from macrophages. Immunobiology 39 21885153
2007 p150/95 (CD11c/CD18) expression is required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The American journal of pathology 39 17525267
2010 CD11c+CD8+ T cells: two-faced adaptive immune regulators. Cellular immunology 38 20620256
2023 Extrafollicular IgD-CD27-CXCR5-CD11c- DN3 B cells infiltrate inflamed tissues in autoimmune fibrosis and in severe COVID-19. Cell reports 37 37300833
2016 NK-CD11c+ Cell Crosstalk in Diabetes Enhances IL-6-Mediated Inflammation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. PLoS pathogens 36 27783671
1997 CD11c integrin gene promoter activity during myeloid differentiation. Leukemia & lymphoma 36 9250811
2009 Origins and functional basis of regulatory CD11c+CD8+ T cells. European journal of immunology 35 19499519
2023 Distinct dynamics of antigen-specific induction and differentiation of different CD11c+Tbet+ B-cell subsets. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 34 36858158
2019 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Restrains CD4+ T Cell Priming Ability of CD11c+ Dendritic Cells by Upregulating Expression of CD31. Frontiers in immunology 33 30984180
2018 Canonical Wnt Signaling in CD11c+ APCs Regulates Microbiota-Induced Inflammation and Immune Cell Homeostasis in the Colon. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 32 29602775
2018 Stearic Acid Induces CD11c Expression in Proinflammatory Macrophages via Epidermal Fatty Acid Binding Protein. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 32 29626089
2018 CD11c-Positive Dendritic Cells in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. In vivo (Athens, Greece) 31 30348717
2013 Integrin CD11c/CD18 α-chain phosphorylation is functionally important. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 24129562
2017 CD11c-Expressing Cells Affect Regulatory T Cell Behavior in the Meninges during Central Nervous System Infection. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 28 28389591
2019 CD11c+ Cells Are Gatekeepers for Lymphocyte Trafficking to Infiltrated Islets During Type 1 Diabetes. Frontiers in immunology 27 30766536
2023 CD11c regulates neutrophil maturation. Blood advances 26 36306384
2023 Allergen-induced CD11c + dendritic cell pyroptosis aggravates allergic rhinitis. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 26 37817225
2022 Adenosine receptor 2a agonists target mouse CD11c+T-bet+ B cells in infection and autoimmunity. Nature communications 26 35064115
2011 Small intestine CD11c+ CD8+ T cells suppress CD4+ T cell-induced immune colitis. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 26 21436315
2005 Dendritic cell maturation by CD11c- T cells and Valpha24+ natural killer T-cell activation by alpha-galactosylceramide. International journal of cancer 26 15900581
2022 Allergen induces CD11c+ dendritic cell autophagy to aggravate allergic rhinitis through promoting immune imbalance. International immunopharmacology 24 35158226
2022 Differential expression of CD11c defines two types of tissue-resident macrophages with different origins in steady-state salivary glands. Scientific reports 23 35042931
2022 Modulation of surface CD11c expression tracks plasticity in murine intestinal tissue eosinophils. Journal of leukocyte biology 23 35141942
2023 Brain-to-gut trafficking of alpha-synuclein by CD11c+ cells in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nature communications 22 37981650
2017 Regulation of systemic autoimmunity and CD11c+ Tbet+ B cells by SWEF proteins. Cellular immunology 22 28780965
2010 The role of CD11c expression in the diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma. American journal of clinical pathology 21 20660331
2000 Expression of the CD11c antigen in B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Leukemia & lymphoma 21 10721778
1996 AP-1 regulates the basal and developmentally induced transcription of the CD11c leukocyte integrin gene. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 21 8621914
2020 Immunological characteristics and possible pathogenic role of urinary CD11c+ macrophages in lupus nephritis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 20 32163584
2010 Expression of dendritic cell markers CD11c/BDCA-1 and CD123/BDCA-2 in coronary artery disease upon activation in whole blood. Journal of immunological methods 20 20888334
2022 CD11c+ myeloid cell exosomes reduce intestinal inflammation during colitis. JCI insight 19 36214220
2021 CD11c+CD88+CD317+ myeloid cells are critical mediators of persistent CNS autoimmunity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 18 33785592
2018 CD11c-targeted Delivery of DNA to Dendritic Cells Leads to cGAS- and STING-dependent Maturation. Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 18 29189388
2024 Single-cell profiling of CD11c+ B cells in atherosclerosis. Frontiers in immunology 17 38259450
2020 CD11c regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells under stress. Blood advances 17 33351105
2018 Hepato-entrained B220+CD11c+NK1.1+ cells regulate pre-metastatic niche formation in the lung. EMBO molecular medicine 17 29930175
2017 Increased TREM-2 expression on the subsets of CD11c+ cells in the lungs and lymph nodes during allergic airway inflammation. Scientific reports 17 28928485
2025 Dysfunctional CD11c-CD21- extrafollicular memory B cells are enriched in the periphery and tumors of patients with cancer. Science translational medicine 16 39970232
2022 CD11c identifies microbiota and EGR2-dependent MHCII+ serous cavity macrophages with sexually dimorphic fate in mice. European journal of immunology 16 35568024
2021 CD11c participates in triggering acute graft-versus-host disease during bone marrow transplantation. Immunology 16 33934334
2024 Correlation of Professional Antigen-Presenting Tbet+CD11c+ B Cells With Bone Destruction in Untreated Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 15 38570939
2022 Lysosomal acid lipase, CSF1R, and PD-L1 determine functions of CD11c+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells. JCI insight 15 35917184
2019 Expression and Functional Role of TRPV4 in Bone Marrow-Derived CD11c+ Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 15 31295806
2020 The Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein Mbd2 Regulates Susceptibility to Experimental Colitis via Control of CD11c+ Cells and Colonic Epithelium. Frontiers in immunology 14 32117307
2020 Association of Electronegative LDL with Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and CD11c Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. International journal of molecular sciences 14 32824307
2020 Activated Human Memory B Lymphocytes Use CR4 (CD11c/CD18) for Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation. Frontiers in immunology 14 33133077
2019 Altered frequency of CD8+ CD11c+ T cells and expression of immunosuppressive molecules in lymphoid organs of mouse model of colorectal cancer. Journal of cellular physiology 14 30623416
2016 Independent control of natural killer cell responsiveness and homeostasis at steady-state by CD11c+ dendritic cells. Scientific reports 14 27905484
2025 Multifaceted, unique role of CD11c in leukocyte biology. Frontiers in immunology 13 40103815

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for ITGAX? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.