Affinage

VCAM1

Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 · UniProt P19320

Length
739 aa
Mass
81.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-11
100 papers in source corpus 45 papers cited in narrative 45 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

VCAM1 is a transmembrane immunoglobulin-superfamily adhesion glycoprotein expressed on cytokine-activated endothelium, bone marrow and splenic stroma, and select progenitor and macrophage populations, where it governs leukocyte and stem-cell adhesion, migration, and retention across immune, vascular, hematopoietic, and neural contexts (PMID:7680963, PMID:11375415, PMID:25800955). Its extracellular Ig modules engage integrin counter-receptors with domain specificity: domains 1 and 4 each independently support α4β1 (VLA-4)-mediated leukocyte transendothelial migration, while the module 4–7 region additionally binds αMβ2 in a PI3K-dependent manner (PMID:7545712, PMID:16943205). Beyond passive tethering, VCAM-1 ligation is a bidirectional signaling event — cross-linking activates phosphoinositide/Ca2+ flux and drives NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS and RAC1 signaling that phosphorylates VE-cadherin to open endothelial junctions for transmigration and to increase vascular permeability (PMID:9209507, PMID:33295887). The gene is transcriptionally induced by NF-κB downstream of TNF, IL-1, LPS, and thrombin, amplified by IRF-1, Notch1–Jagged1, GATA factors, and HDAC1/2–GATA6 circuits, and repressed by Wnt/β-catenin and Polycomb (Phc2)-mediated H3K27me3/H2AK119ub (PMID:7680963, PMID:9694714, PMID:9625761, PMID:22734001, PMID:33859766, PMID:26646450, PMID:18951693, PMID:31375680). Surface levels are further set post-transcriptionally by p38 MAPK and post-translationally by TRIM65 E3-ligase-mediated polyubiquitination/degradation and by metalloprotease- and neutrophil-protease-dependent ectodomain shedding that releases soluble VCAM-1 (PMID:9020057, PMID:31310649, PMID:7529789, PMID:11520773). Functionally, VCAM-1 is a dominant initiator of atherosclerotic lesion formation, retains hematopoietic and neural stem cells in their niches, acts via its intracellular domain on β-catenin to specify adult neural stem cells, mediates aged-plasma-driven cognitive decline through brain endothelium, directs microglial chemotaxis to amyloid-β by sensing ApoE, and serves as a β2-microglobulin/MHC-I-dependent 'don't-eat-me' signal protecting hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells from PIR-B-bearing phagocytes (PMID:11375415, PMID:25800955, PMID:28728023, PMID:31086348, PMID:37735240, PMID:35210567).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1991 High

    Establishing the genomic architecture and promoter of VCAM1 defined how the gene is regulated and how isoform diversity arises, anchoring all later regulatory studies.

    Evidence Genomic cloning, exon mapping, and promoter sequence analysis of the human (and later murine) gene

    PMID:1715583 PMID:7507076

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequences of exon-5 alternative splicing and the PI-anchored isoform not resolved
    • Promoter elements identified by sequence but not yet functionally dissected
  2. 1993 Medium

    Demonstrating cytokine-inducible VCAM-1 mediating VLA-4-dependent leukocyte adhesion to endothelium established its core role as an inflammatory adhesion receptor.

    Evidence Flow cytometry and monoclonal antibody blocking adhesion assays on cytokine-activated murine microvascular endothelium

    PMID:7680963

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not map which Ig domains mediate binding
    • Single-lab antibody-based evidence
  3. 1995 Medium

    Mapping adhesion to Ig domains 1 and 4 and showing regulated metalloprotease shedding defined both the ligand-binding architecture and a mechanism for generating soluble VCAM-1.

    Evidence Domain-specific antibody blocking with CHO transfectants in transmigration assays; immunoprecipitation with metalloprotease inhibitors for shedding

    PMID:7529789 PMID:7545712

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the physiological sheddase not defined
    • Function of soluble VCAM-1 not addressed
  4. 1997 Medium

    Showing that VCAM-1 cross-linking triggers phosphoinositide/Ca2+ signaling and that p38 MAPK controls surface expression post-transcriptionally established VCAM-1 as a bidirectional signaling molecule, not merely a static ligand.

    Evidence Fura-2/IP3 assays with antibody cross-linking; p38 inhibitor (SB203580) with mRNA vs surface-protein readouts in TNFα-stimulated endothelium

    PMID:9020057 PMID:9209507

    Open questions at the time
    • Intracellular effectors linking cross-linking to Ca2+ not identified
    • p38 target controlling surface trafficking unknown
  5. 1998 High

    Defining IRF-1 as required for IFN amplification of TNF-induced transcription and thrombin as an NF-κB-independent inducer expanded the upstream regulatory network beyond canonical cytokines.

    Evidence CAT reporter, EMSA, and IRF-1/IRF-2 transfection; thrombin receptor peptide and hirudin with adhesion readouts on HUVECs

    PMID:9625761 PMID:9694714

    Open questions at the time
    • Combinatorial logic between IRF-1 and NF-κB at the promoter not fully resolved
  6. 2001 High

    Genetic hypomorph studies showing VCAM-1 (not ICAM-1) dominates atherosclerosis initiation, plus protease cleavage during HPC mobilization, established VCAM-1 as a causal driver of disease and a regulated niche-retention molecule.

    Evidence Hypomorphic Vcam1(D4D) allele in LDLR-null mice with en face lesion quantification; in vivo G-CSF mobilization with neutrophil elastase/cathepsin G cleavage

    PMID:11375415 PMID:11520773

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type-specific contributions to lesion initiation not dissected
    • Whether shedding is cause or consequence of mobilization unclear
  7. 2006 High

    Reconstituting eosinophil adhesion with domain-specific constructs confirmed dual integrin usage — α4β1 across the molecule and αMβ2 on module 4 in a PI3K-dependent, flow-modulated manner — refining the ligand map.

    Evidence Recombinant domain constructs, antibody blocking, PI3K inhibitor, and αMβ2-null cell lines under static and flow adhesion

    PMID:16943205

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of αMβ2 module-4 binding not defined
  8. 2012 High

    Identifying nuclear FAK–GATA4/CHIP control and reciprocal IRF-1/miR-126 regulation revealed that VCAM-1 transcription is gated at the transcription-factor stability and microRNA levels under inflammatory and lipoprotein stimuli.

    Evidence FAK genetic/pharmacological perturbation with FERM–GATA4 binding and ubiquitination assays; IRF-1 and miR-126 gain/loss of function with TGRL stimulation

    PMID:22734001 PMID:22874466

    Open questions at the time
    • Integration of FAK/GATA4 axis with NF-κB and IRF-1 inputs not unified
    • miR-126 direct target sites on VCAM1 not mapped
  9. 2015 High

    Showing tumor SPARC and pulmonary endothelial VCAM-1/VAP-1 promote permeability, myeloid recruitment, and metastasis, and that splenic VCAM-1+ macrophages retain HSCs, broadened VCAM-1 function into cancer dissemination and stem-cell niche control.

    Evidence SPARC knockout/overexpression with anti-VCAM1 blocking and in vivo permeability/extravasation; coagulation-dependent VCAM-1 induction; nanoparticle-RNAi and CD169-iDTR macrophage depletion with HSC retention readouts

    PMID:23407548 PMID:25800955 PMID:25925867

    Open questions at the time
    • How VCAM-1 signaling distinguishes adhesion from permeability outputs not resolved
    • Upstream signal coupling SPARC to endothelial VCAM-1 p38 not fully traced
  10. 2017 High

    Conditional knockout in radial glia demonstrated a developmental, cell-intrinsic role for VCAM-1 acting through its intracellular domain on β-catenin to establish adult neural stem cells, plus a synthetic role synergizing with DLL4/Notch in HSPC and T-cell progenitor specification.

    Evidence Conditional Vcam1 knockout with lineage tracing and β-catenin reporters; engineered DLL4+VCAM-1 surfaces with Notch reporters and T-progenitor output

    PMID:28394335 PMID:28728023

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of intracellular-domain effectors coupling to β-catenin not defined
    • Whether Notch synergy requires VCAM-1 signaling or only co-presentation unclear
  11. 2019 High

    Establishing brain endothelial VCAM-1 as the mediator of aged-plasma effects on cognition, and Polycomb (Phc2) repression of stromal Vcam1 controlling HSPC mobilization, linked VCAM-1 to aging neuroinflammation and epigenetically gated hematopoiesis.

    Evidence BEC-specific Vcam1 KO and anti-VCAM1 antibody with cognitive/microglial readouts; Phc2 KO with H3K27me3/H2AK119ub ChIP and VCAM-1 inhibition rescue

    PMID:31086348 PMID:31375680

    Open questions at the time
    • Plasma factor inducing endothelial VCAM-1 in aging not identified
    • Whether VCAM-1 signals into BECs or recruits leukocytes to cause cognitive deficit not separated
  12. 2020 High

    Identifying TRIM65 as a direct E3 ligase driving VCAM-1 polyubiquitination/degradation defined a post-translational brake limiting inflammation duration.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assays with E3-dead mutant, siRNA, and TRIM65 KO mice in LPS pulmonary inflammation

    PMID:31310649

    Open questions at the time
    • Lysine residues targeted on VCAM-1 not mapped
    • Signals that activate TRIM65 toward VCAM-1 unknown
  13. 2021 High

    Mechanistic dissection of VCAM-1 outside-in signaling (RAC1/ROS/PYK2/VE-cadherin), epigenetic HDAC1/2–STAT3–DNMT1–GATA6 control, and SCF/PI3K synergy maintaining FOXO3a clarified how VCAM-1 simultaneously regulates permeability, its own transcription, and stem-cell maintenance.

    Evidence VLA4/VCAM1 gain/loss with RAC1/ROS and p-PYK2/p-VE-cad readouts in ovarian ascites; Romidepsin/HDAC siRNA with methylation PCR and STAT3 K685R; supported lipid bilayer with PI3K inhibition and FOXO3a localization

    PMID:33295887 PMID:33859766 PMID:34402812

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct intracellular VCAM-1 binding partners transmitting RAC1 signal not identified
    • How membrane-bound SCF and VCAM-1 co-cluster mechanistically unresolved
  14. 2022 High

    Defining VCAM-1 as a β2m/MHC-I-dependent 'don't-eat-me' signal engaging phagocyte PIR-B, and as a Notch/c-myc-driven mediator of leukemic and HCC dissemination, repositioned VCAM-1 as an immune checkpoint and metastasis effector with therapeutic implications.

    Evidence Vcam1 conditional KO with haplotype-mismatched transplant, β2m manipulation, and PIR-B phagocyte assays; AML/HCC models with Notch1-c-myc-VCAM1 axis and α4β1 blockade

    PMID:35210567 PMID:35256780 PMID:35256782 PMID:36453131

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of VCAM-1/PIR-B engagement vs integrin binding not resolved
    • Whether VCAM-1 checkpoint and adhesion functions are separable not addressed
  15. 2023 High

    Showing IL-33-induced microglial VCAM-1 senses plaque ApoE to direct chemotaxis and Aβ clearance, and that VCAM-1+ endothelial EVs mobilize splenic neutrophils after MI, revealed cell-autonomous and vesicle-mediated VCAM-1 functions beyond endothelial adhesion.

    Evidence VCAM1 gain/loss in microglia with VCAM1-ApoE interaction blocking and Aβ clearance, plus human CSF correlation; CRISPR VCAM-1 KO in EC-EVs with in vivo neutrophil mobilization

    PMID:35134856 PMID:37735240

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether VCAM1-ApoE binding is direct and its structural interface unknown
    • How VCAM-1 on EVs signals to splenic targets not defined
  16. 2024 Medium

    Demonstrating NF-κB/MyD88/TRIF-dependent VCAM-1 induction in proximal tubule cells driving immune-cell adhesion extended the inflammatory-adhesion paradigm to the AKI-to-CKD transition.

    Evidence TNF-α/IL-1β stimulation of primary renal cells with NF-κB inhibition, MyD88/TRIF deletion, VCAM-1 overexpression, and splenocyte adhesion assays plus patient single-cell data

    PMID:39116349

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab functional data
    • In vivo causal contribution of tubular VCAM-1 to fibrosis not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The intracellular domain effectors that couple VCAM-1 ligation to β-catenin, RAC1/ROS, and Ca2+ signaling remain unidentified, and the structural distinction between its integrin-binding, ApoE-sensing, and PIR-B checkpoint functions is unresolved.
  • No defined cytoplasmic-domain binding partner
  • No structural model of the multiple ligand interfaces
  • Whether adhesion, signaling, and checkpoint functions are separable not tested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 5 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0140299 molecular sensor activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005576 extracellular region 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3
Partners
APOEITGA4ITGAMITGAVITGB1ITGB2TRIM65

Evidence

Reading pass · 45 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1991 The human VCAM1 gene is organized into 9 exons spanning ~25 kb, with exons 2–8 encoding C2/H-type immunoglobulin domains. Alternative mRNA splicing that includes or excludes exon 5 generates at least two different VCAM-1 precursor isoforms. The promoter contains NF-κB, GATA family, and AP1 consensus binding sites, and the gene maps to chromosomal region 1p31–32. Genomic cloning, exon mapping, Southern blot, in situ hybridization, human-mouse hybrid cell line analysis, promoter sequence analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 1715583
1993 The murine VCAM1 gene contains 10 exons spanning ~20 kb. Alternative splicing of exon 5 generates a truncated three-Ig-domain isoform linked to the membrane via a phosphatidylinositol anchor (encoded by exon 5), distinct from the full-length transmembrane form. The murine core promoter shares conserved NF-κB, Ets, and GATA transcription factor binding sites with the human gene. Genomic cloning, exon mapping, sequence analysis of promoter and splice junctions Genomics High 7507076
1993 VCAM-1 is constitutively expressed on murine microvascular endothelium and is strongly upregulated by TNF, IL-1, or LPS (but not PMA or staurosporine). Antibody blocking of VCAM-1 on endothelium or VLA-4 on leukocytes demonstrated that VCAM-1/VLA-4 interaction mediates the adhesion of splenocytes, thymocytes, P815 mastocytoma cells, mast/basophil cells, Molt-4 cells, and eosinophils to cytokine-activated microvascular endothelium. Flow cytometry, monoclonal antibody blocking adhesion assay, rosette technique Cellular immunology Medium 7680963
1995 VCAM-1/CD106 expressed on TCR-γδ T cell clones undergoes regulated proteolytic shedding by a zinc-activated metalloprotease to generate a soluble 100-kDa form. Phorbol ester increases soluble CD106 release and reduces membrane-bound form; EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline (metalloprotease inhibitors) specifically block this conversion. Immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE, phorbol ester stimulation, metalloprotease inhibitor experiments Journal of immunology Medium 7529789
1995 Both domain 1 and domain 4 of the 7-domain form of VCAM-1 can independently support VLA-4 (α4β1)-mediated monocyte transendothelial migration; antibodies to each domain alone only partially block migration, but their combination fully blocks CD18-independent, VLA-4-mediated migration across CHO-VCAM-1 transfectants and IL-1-activated endothelium. Domain-specific monoclonal antibody blocking, CHO cell transfection, transendothelial migration assay under chemotactic gradient Journal of immunology Medium 7545712
1997 Cross-linking of VCAM-1 on endothelial cells (ECV304) or its counter-receptor VLA-4 on Jurkat T cells activates the phosphoinositide pathway (IP3 production) and triggers a biphasic intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Cell-cell contact via VLA-4/VCAM-1 interaction induces mutual Ca2+ signaling in both cell types, blocked ~80% by non-cross-linked anti-VLA-4 or anti-VCAM-1 antibodies. Fura-2 fluorimetry, confocal microscopy, IP3 assay, antibody blocking, co-culture experiments European journal of immunology Medium 9209507
1997 p38 MAP kinase signaling regulates VCAM-1 surface expression at a post-transcriptional level in TNFα-stimulated endothelial cells. The specific p38 inhibitor SB203580 suppressed TNFα-induced VCAM-1 surface expression without affecting VCAM-1 mRNA accumulation, and also blocked MAPKAP kinase-2 activation and Hsp27 phosphorylation. In contrast, ICAM-1 surface expression was unaffected by p38 inhibition. Kinase activity assay (MAPKAP-K2), phosphorylation assay (Hsp27), flow cytometry for surface expression, Northern blot for mRNA, pharmacological inhibitor (SB203580) Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 9020057
1998 Thrombin induces VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression on HUVECs via its specific receptor (thrombin receptor-activating peptide mimics the effect; hirudin inhibits it), independent of IL-1 or TNFα signaling. Thrombin-induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were functionally active, supporting monocyte/PBMC adhesion that was blocked by anti-CD18 and anti-CD49d antibodies. ELISA, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, thrombin receptor-activating peptide, antibody blocking, monocyte adhesion assay Blood Medium 9694714
1998 IRF-1 (interferon regulatory factor 1) is required for IFN-α and IFN-γ enhancement of TNF-induced VCAM-1 transcription in endothelial cells. IFN treatment increased nuclear IRF-1 levels and IRF-1 binding to the VCAM-1 promoter; transfection of an IRF-1 construct substituted for IFN; and transfection with IRF-2 (a competitive IRF-1 inhibitor) reduced TNF-induced VCAM-1 expression. The primary NF-κB-driven pathway was not affected. CAT reporter gene assay, EMSA (IRF-1 binding to promoter), Western blot (nuclear IRF-1), transfection of IRF-1 and IRF-2 constructs The Journal of experimental medicine High 9625761
2000 VCAM-1 (CD106) expressed on rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (FLS) mediates B cell survival and Bcl-xL upregulation in a contact-dependent manner. Blocking anti-CD106 (but not anti-CD54/ICAM-1) antibodies abolished FLS-induced B cell protection from apoptosis and Bcl-xL induction; cross-linking CD49d/CD29 (VLA-4) on B cells recapitulated the survival signal. Apoptosis assay (trypan blue, annexin V, propidium iodide, Hoechst), Western blot (Bcl-xL), antibody blocking, VLA-4 cross-linking Journal of immunology Medium 10623863
2001 During G-CSF-induced hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) mobilization, neutrophil-derived serine proteases (neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G) cleave VCAM-1 expressed on bone marrow stromal cells, reducing VCAM-1 levels in vivo and thereby contributing to HPC release from the bone marrow niche. In vivo murine mobilization model, VCAM-1 protein quantification in bone marrow, protease activity assays, identification of neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G as VCAM-1 cleavage enzymes Blood Medium 11520773
2001 VCAM-1 plays a dominant role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Mice with a hypomorphic Vcam1(D4D) allele (2–8% of wild-type VCAM-1 levels) crossed into an LDL-receptor-null background showed significantly reduced early atherosclerotic lesion area compared with wild-type littermates on a cholesterol-enriched diet, while ICAM-1 deficiency alone or combined with VCAM-1 deficiency did not alter nascent lesion formation. In vivo murine genetic model (hypomorphic Vcam1 allele), en face oil red O aortic staining, lipid and leukocyte profiling The Journal of clinical investigation High 11375415
2001 Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) support B-cell pseudoemperipolesis via co-dependent expression of SDF-1 (chemokine) and CD106 (VCAM-1). SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling was required for B cell chemotaxis beneath FLS, while CD106 engagement of VLA-4 (α4β1/CD49d) was required for firm adhesion/migration; antibodies to CD49d, CD106, or the CS-1 fibronectin peptide inhibited pseudoemperipolesis. Dermal fibroblasts (which express SDF-1 but not CD106) required IL-4-induced CD106 upregulation to support the process. Antibody blocking assay, pertussis toxin inhibition, cytokine stimulation (IL-4), co-culture migration assay The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 11160154
2002 VCAM-1 signals through endothelial cells during lymphocyte migration via NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently activate matrix metalloproteinases. These signals are required for endothelial cell shape changes that open an 'endothelial cell gate' for leukocyte transmigration, after which endothelial contacts are re-established. Review synthesizing experimental evidence: NADPH oxidase inhibition, ROS measurement, MMP activation assay, migration assay Molecular immunology Low 12431382
2006 Eosinophil adhesion to the module 1–3 region (6d-VCAM-1) is mediated exclusively by α4β1 (CD49d/CD29), whereas adhesion to the module 4–7 region is mediated by both α4β1 and αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18). αMβ2 engagement of module 4 is PI3K-dependent and modulates α4β1-mediated adhesion under flow conditions. Domain-specific recombinant VCAM-1 constructs, antibody blocking, PI3K inhibitor, leukemic cell lines lacking αMβ2, static and flow adhesion assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 16943205
2008 Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates VCAM-1 expression on two types of bone marrow cells (stromal and hematopoietic). Wnt3a-mediated VCAM-1 downregulation was blocked by intracellular (Axin) or extracellular (Dkk-1) Wnt inhibitors. LPS restored VCAM-1 expression in Wnt3a-treated cells, indicating functional cross-talk between Wnt and TLR4 pathways. Recombinant Wnt ligands, retroviral Wnt transduction, Wnt-secreting co-culture, flow cytometry, Axin and Dkk-1 pathway inhibitors, in vivo transplantation Experimental hematology Medium 18951693
2012 Nuclear-localized FAK regulates VCAM-1 expression via two mechanisms: (1) kinase-active FAK facilitates TNFα-induced MAPK signaling and maintains GATA4, a transcription factor required for VCAM-1 production; (2) kinase-inhibited FAK translocates to the nucleus where its FERM domain directly binds GATA4 and promotes CHIP E3 ligase-dependent GATA4 polyubiquitination and degradation, thereby suppressing VCAM-1 expression. FAK inhibition prevented TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells in vivo and during development. FAK pharmacological inhibition, genetic FAK knockout, nuclear fractionation, direct binding assay (FAK-FERM to GATA4), ubiquitination assay, in vivo heart vessel-associated endothelial cell experiments The Journal of cell biology High 22734001
2012 IRF-1 and miR-126 reciprocally regulate VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells in response to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL). Proatherogenic TGRL increases IRF-1 expression/activity and decreases miR-126, enhancing VCAM-1; antiatherogenic TGRL does the opposite. Overexpression or silencing of IRF-1 or miR-126 recapitulates proatherogenic or antiatherogenic VCAM-1 regulation. Gene overexpression and siRNA knockdown, IRF-1 activity assay, miR-126 expression analysis, VCAM-1 protein/mRNA assay, monocyte adhesion assay Circulation research Medium 22874466
2015 Tumor-derived SPARC induces vascular permeability and cancer cell extravasation through endothelial VCAM1 and downstream p38 MAPK signaling. SPARC deficiency abolished tumor-initiated lung capillary permeability and prevented extravasation; SPARC overexpression enhanced them. Blocking VCAM1 specifically impeded SPARC-induced endothelial permeability and melanoma extravasation. SPARC knockout/overexpression, anti-VCAM1 blocking antibody, in vivo lung permeability assay, extravasation/metastasis assay, p38 MAPK inhibition, comparative secretome proteomics Nature communications High 25925867
2015 VCAM-1+ red pulp macrophages in the spleen retain hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) via VCAM-1-mediated adhesion. Nanoparticle-RNAi silencing of M-CSFR blocked splenic macrophage maturation and reduced VCAM-1 expression; depletion of macrophages (CD169-iDTR mice) or specific VCAM-1 silencing in macrophages released HSCs from spleen and reduced leukocytosis/inflammation in myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis models. Nanoparticle-mediated in vivo RNAi, CD169-iDTR macrophage depletion, flow cytometry, murine MI and atherosclerosis models The Journal of experimental medicine High 25800955
2016 oxLDL-induced VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells requires FAK-dependent activation of p90 RSK, which in turn activates IKKβ and NF-κB. Inhibiting RSK blocks all downstream NF-κB and VCAM-1 induction. Endothelial-specific kinase-dead FAK transgenic mice show reduced RSK activity, decreased VCAM-1 expression, and reduced macrophage accumulation in early atherosclerosis. RSK pharmacological inhibition, FAK kinase-dead transgenic mice, NF-κB/IKKβ activity assay, VCAM-1 protein/mRNA, monocyte adhesion assay, in vivo atherosclerosis model Journal of cell science High 26906414
2017 VCAM-1 expressed on radial glial cells (RGCs) during embryonic development is required for the embryonic origin of adult neural stem cells (NSCs). Loss of VCAM1 in embryonic RGCs stimulates premature neuronal differentiation, prevents quiescence of slowly-dividing RGCs, and diminishes postnatal/adult NSC numbers and V-SVZ regeneration. Mechanistically, VCAM1 signals through its intracellular domain to regulate β-catenin signaling in a context-dependent manner. Conditional Vcam1 knockout mice, lineage tracing, BrdU/EdU pulse-chase, adult NSC quantification, V-SVZ regeneration assay, β-catenin reporter assay Neuron High 28728023
2017 VCAM-1 synergizes with Notch ligand DLL4 to enhance Notch signaling and progenitor T-cell differentiation from HSPCs in vitro. VCAM-1 additionally promotes an inflammatory transcriptional program in nascent HSPCs. Combined DLL4+VCAM-1 presentation on an engineered surface enhanced downstream progenitor T-cell output ~80-fold compared to DLL4 alone. Engineered stromal cell-free niche with defined protein presentation, flow cytometry for T-cell differentiation markers, Notch signaling reporter, transcriptional profiling Nature methods Medium 28394335
2018 VCAM-1+ macrophage-like 'usher cells' in the zebrafish caudal haematopoietic tissue (CHT) patrol the inner surface of the venous plexus and interact with HSPCs via ITGA4 (integrin α4)-dependent interactions to direct HSPC retention in homing hotspots. High-resolution live imaging in zebrafish, cell-labelling system, ITGA4 blocking/genetic experiments, VCAM-1 expression characterization Nature High 30455424
2019 Brain endothelial VCAM1 mediates the detrimental effects of aged plasma on young brains. Aged mouse hippocampal BECs upregulate VCAM1; plasma from aged humans/mice increases VCAM1 in cultured BECs and young mouse hippocampi. Systemic anti-VCAM1 antibody or genetic Vcam1 ablation in BECs reverses microglial reactivity and cognitive deficits in aged mice and counteracts effects of aged plasma in young mice. Parabiosis/plasma transfer model, conditional BEC-specific Vcam1 knockout mice, anti-VCAM1 antibody treatment, cognitive testing, microglial activation assays Nature medicine High 31086348
2019 Phc2, an epigenetic regulator, controls HSPC mobilization from bone marrow by transcriptionally repressing Vcam1 in bone marrow stromal cells via H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub histone modifications. Phc2 genetic ablation causes de-repression of Vcam1, retention of HSPCs, and systemic immunodeficiency; pharmacological inhibition of VCAM-1 in Phc2-deficient mice reverses these symptoms. Phc2 knockout mice, HSPC mobilization assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (H3K27me3, H2AK119ub), VCAM-1 pharmacological inhibition rescue experiment Nature communications High 31375680
2020 TRIM65, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, directly interacts with VCAM-1 protein and promotes its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, limiting the duration and magnitude of VCAM-1-mediated inflammation. TRIM65 and VCAM-1 expression are inversely correlated during TNFα-induced endothelial activation; wild-type but not E3-ligase-dead TRIM65 promotes VCAM-1 ubiquitination; TRIM65 knockdown attenuates VCAM-1 degradation. TRIM65-deficient mice show enhanced LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, E3-ligase-dead mutant, siRNA knockdown, TRIM65 KO mice, LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation model Journal of molecular cell biology High 31310649
2021 HDAC1/2 promote VCAM-1 expression by suppressing STAT3 acetylation-dependent DNMT1 recruitment to the GATA6 promoter, thereby preventing hypermethylation of GATA6 CpG regions. HDAC1/2 inhibition (Romidepsin) enhanced STAT3 acetylation, increased DNMT1-STAT3 interaction, hypermethylated the GATA6 promoter, reduced GATA6 and VCAM-1 expression, and decreased monocyte adhesion. Blocking STAT3 acetylation (Lys685Arg mutation) disrupted DNMT1-STAT3 interaction and reversed these effects. Romidepsin treatment, siRNA knockdown of HDAC1/2, methylation-specific PCR, ChIP (STAT3 binding to GATA6 promoter), STAT3 Lys685Arg point mutation, Apoe-/- mouse atherosclerosis model Theranostics High 33859766
2021 Macrophage VLA4 (CD49d)-endothelial VCAM1 interaction promotes vascular permeability in ovarian cancer ascites. Mechanistically, VCAM1 engagement activates RAC1 and ROS, leading to phosphorylation of PYK2 and VE-cadherin, thereby increasing endothelial paracellular permeability. Downregulation of VLA4 on M2 macrophages reduces RAC1/ROS/p-PYK2/p-VE-cad signaling and enhances barrier function. Targeting VLA4/VCAM1 augmented vascular integrity and abrogated ascites formation in vivo. VLA4/VCAM1 overexpression and knockdown, RAC1 and ROS assays, p-PYK2/p-VE-cadherin Western blot, in vivo permeability assay, anti-VLA4 antibody treatment, bevacizumab combination The Journal of clinical investigation High 33295887
2021 Membrane-bound SCF (mSCF) and VCAM-1 synergistically regulate HSC morphology and adhesion via PI3K signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization. HSCs cluster mSCF at the HSC-substrate interface and form a polarized morphology with a large protrusion when both mSCF and VCAM-1 are present on a supported lipid bilayer. This synergy dramatically enhances HSC adhesion and promotes nuclear retention of FOXO3a, a key HSC maintenance factor, reducing its loss induced by soluble SCF. Supported lipid bilayer (SLB) system, live cell imaging, PI3K pharmacological inhibition, cytoskeletal inhibitors, FOXO3a nuclear localization assay The Journal of cell biology High 34402812
2022 VCAM1 on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) functions as a 'don't-eat-me' signal in the context of MHC-I presentation, protecting them from phagocyte-mediated clearance. Mechanistically, VCAM1 'don't-eat-me' activity requires β2-microglobulin-dependent MHC-I presentation on HSCs and paired Ig-like receptor-B (PIR-B) on phagocytes. Vcam1 deletion in the setting of haplotype mismatch leads to HSC clearance by mononuclear phagocytes and impaired haematopoietic recovery. In AML, VCAM1 inhibition or deletion reduces leukaemia burden and extends survival. Vcam1 conditional knockout, haplotype-mismatched transplantation, MHC-I (β2m) genetic manipulation, PIR-B-expressing phagocyte assays, AML mouse model (VCAM1 inhibition) Nature cell biology High 35210567
2022 VCAM-1 and DLL4 synergize to activate Notch signaling in nascent HSPCs and enhance T-cell-competent progenitor output ~80-fold from human PSCs; VCAM1 additionally promotes an inflammatory transcriptional program during the endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. Defined serum- and feeder-free PSC differentiation system with DLL4 and VCAM1 proteins, Notch signaling reporter, transcriptional profiling, in vivo thymus colonization assay Science advances Medium 36001668
2023 IL-33-induced VCAM1 in microglia directs microglial chemotaxis toward amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques by sensing plaque-associated ApoE. Disrupting the VCAM1-ApoE interaction abolishes microglial Aβ chemotaxis and decreases Aβ clearance. Higher CSF soluble VCAM1 in AD patients correlates with impaired microglial Aβ chemotaxis. IL-33 stimulation, VCAM1 gain/loss of function in microglia, functional screening for chemotaxis, VCAM1-ApoE interaction blocking, in vivo Aβ clearance assay, human CSF correlation Nature aging High 37735240
2023 VCAM-1+ endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate rapid neutrophil mobilization from the spleen to peripheral blood after myocardial infarction. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of VCAM-1 from endothelial cells removed the ability of EC-EVs to mobilize splenic neutrophils. VCAM-1+ EVs accumulate in the spleen and induce local inflammatory gene/chemokine expression. CRISPR/Cas9 VCAM-1 KO in parent endothelial cells, EV isolation/characterization, in vivo EV administration, splenic neutrophil mobilization assay, gene expression profiling Cardiovascular research High 35134856
2024 In the AKI-to-CKD transition, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) induce VCAM-1 expression in proximal tubule cells via NF-κB signaling (requiring MyD88/TRIF adaptors). TNF-α stimulation or VCAM-1 overexpression increases CD45+ splenocyte adhesion to tubular monolayers; NF-κB inhibition or Vcam1 genetic deletion suppresses TNF-α-induced splenocyte adhesion, demonstrating a proximal tubule-immune cell cross-talk role for VCAM-1. TNF-α/IL-1β stimulation of primary renal cells, NF-κB pharmacological inhibition, MyD88/TRIF genetic deletion, VCAM-1 overexpression, splenocyte adhesion assay, single-cell transcriptomics of patient biopsies American journal of physiology. Renal physiology Medium 39116349
2015 VCAM-1 and VAP-1 on tumor-activated pulmonary endothelium recruit myeloid cells that promote tumor cell survival and metastasis. VCAM-1 induction depends on tumor cell-clot formation (blocked by tissue factor pathway inhibitor or hirudin). Anti-VCAM-1 blocking antibody reduces myeloid cell recruitment and tumor cell survival without affecting tumor cell adhesion. VCAM-1 antibody blocking, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, hirudin treatment, in vivo myeloid cell recruitment assay, tumor survival/metastasis assay Blood Medium 23407548
2020 CAF-derived VCAM1 (upregulated by H. pylori infection via JAK/STAT1 signaling) molecularly interacts with integrin αvβ1/5 on gastric cancer cells to facilitate tumor invasion. The kinetic binding interaction between VCAM1 and integrin αvβ1/5 was directly measured by biolayer interferometry. RNA-seq, biolayer interferometry (direct binding kinetics), spheroid invasion assay, zebrafish xenograft model, JAK/STAT1 inhibition Oncogene Medium 32034307
2015 Endothelial Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) upregulates VCAM1 expression and amplifies IL-1β-mediated VCAM1 induction through a Notch1-Jagged1 autocrine circuit. Forced N1ICD expression upregulated VCAM1 per se; γ-secretase inhibition or Notch1/Jagged1 silencing reduced IL-1β-mediated VCAM1 induction. IL-1β decreases Notch1 mRNA but maintains active N1ICD protein levels. γ-secretase inhibitor, Notch1/Jagged1 siRNA silencing, N1ICD forced expression, Western blot (Notch1ICD, Jagged1), VCAM1 promoter reporter, liver inflammation model Oncotarget Medium 26646450
2017 FSH promotes endothelial VCAM-1 expression via FSHR located in membrane caveolae interacting with caveolin-1 and GαS, leading to cAMP/PKA elevation and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB activation. Disruption of caveolae or caveolin-1 silencing blocks FSH-induced signaling and VCAM-1 expression. FSH increases monocyte adhesion to HUVECs, reversed by VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody. Luciferase reporter assay, transfection, flow chamber adhesion assay, Western blot, caveolae disruption, caveolin-1 siRNA, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors, NF-κB luciferase, VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody, ApoE KO atherosclerosis mouse model Theranostics Medium 29187895
2022 In MLL-fusion AML, IMPDH inhibition induces overactivation of TLR-TRAF6-NF-κB signaling and upregulation of VCAM1, which contributes to the antileukemia effect. Combined treatment with IMPDH inhibitors and TLR1/2 agonist effectively inhibited MLL-fusion AML development in vivo. In vitro IMPDH inhibitor treatment, NF-κB signaling assay, VCAM1 expression analysis, in vivo AML mouse model, TLR1/2 agonist combination EMBO molecular medicine Medium 36453131
2019 VCAM1 expression in ovarian theca and stromal cells is induced by androgen receptor (AR) signaling; AR antagonist flutamide markedly reduces VCAM1 mRNA and protein in PCOS-derived theca cells. VCAM1 expression is specifically elevated in NR2F2/COUPTF-II lineage theca cells, not granulosa cells, of DHT-treated mice. LH (equine chorionic gonadotropin) transiently induces VCAM1, while hCG (superovulatory dose) potently suppresses it. Genome-wide microarray, DHT-treatment mouse model, AR antagonist (flutamide) treatment, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, PCOS-derived human theca cell culture Endocrinology Medium 30951142
2014 VCAM1 on the uterine endometrial epithelium and trophoblast ITGA4 (integrin α4) mediate bovine conceptus adhesion to the uterine endometrium during implantation. VCAM1 and ITGA4 expression are mutually upregulated by co-culture of endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) with bovine trophoblast CT1 cells and by uterine flushings. ITGA4 protein is localized specifically to trophoblasts in day-22 pregnant uteri. Co-culture of EEC and CT1 trophoblast cells, immunohistochemistry (VCAM1, ITGA4 localization), RT-PCR, Western blot, uterine flushing treatment Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Medium 24803492
2022 In AML driven by IRF7 loss, VCAM1 is upregulated (correlated with elevated LSC levels), and VCAM1-VLA-4 axis mediates intracerebral invasion of AML cells. Blocking the VCAM1-VLA-4 axis delayed disease progression and attenuated intracerebral invasion in IRF7-/- AML mouse models. IRF7 KO and overexpression in MLL-AF9 AML model, xenograft mouse model, VCAM1 expression analysis, anti-VCAM1/anti-VLA-4 antibody blocking, intracranial invasion assay Oncogene Medium 35256780
2022 Notch1-c-myc-VCAM1 signaling axis drives macrophage-dependent HCC transendothelial migration and pulmonary metastasis. Elevated Notch1 increases c-myc, which transcriptionally upregulates VCAM1. Silencing c-myc prohibits tumorigenicity; VCAM1 depletion reduces spontaneous lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. Macrophage depletion or blockade of macrophage α4β1-integrin (VCAM1 receptor) reduces lung nodule formation. N1ICD overexpression in LPC, c-myc and VCAM1 siRNA/shRNA, orthotopic rat liver tumor model, macrophage depletion, α4β1 integrin blocking antibody, experimental metastasis model Oncogene Medium 35256782
2021 NF-κB regulates CD106 (VCAM1) expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and CD106 supports hematopoiesis. CD106+ MSCs show increased in vitro capillary tube-like formation, vasculogenesis, and in vivo engraftment of CD34+ cells compared to CD106- MSCs. TNF-α and LPS stimulation of MSCs confirms NF-κB-mediated induction of VCAM1. Flow cytometry, Illumina HiSeq sequencing, qRT-PCR, Western blot, NF-κB inhibition (blockade assay, immunofluorescence), CD34+ cell engraftment in NOD/SCID mice, colony-forming assays Stem cell research & therapy Medium 28764810

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 A major role for VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1, in early atherosclerosis. The Journal of clinical investigation 955 11375415
2001 Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) is cleaved by neutrophil proteases in the bone marrow following hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Blood 373 11520773
2019 Aged blood impairs hippocampal neural precursor activity and activates microglia via brain endothelial cell VCAM1. Nature medicine 345 31086348
2023 ICAM-1 and VCAM-1: Gatekeepers in various inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 297 37442359
1993 Expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in an in vivo model of endothelial activation. The American journal of pathology 211 7689792
1995 Ligation of CD40 on fibroblasts induces CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD106 (VCAM-1) up-regulation and IL-6 production and proliferation. Journal of leukocyte biology 201 7543921
1991 Gene structure, chromosomal location, and basis for alternative mRNA splicing of the human VCAM1 gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 191 1715583
2021 VCAM-1 as a predictor biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 180 34000374
1997 p38 mitogen activated protein kinase regulates endothelial VCAM-1 expression at the post-transcriptional level. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 178 9020057
2013 CD106 identifies a subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells with unique immunomodulatory properties. PloS one 173 23555021
1998 Thrombin-activated human endothelial cells support monocyte adhesion in vitro following expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1; CD106). Blood 172 9694714
2015 Tumour-derived SPARC drives vascular permeability and extravasation through endothelial VCAM1 signalling to promote metastasis. Nature communications 162 25925867
2012 Nanobodies targeting mouse/human VCAM1 for the nuclear imaging of atherosclerotic lesions. Circulation research 156 22461363
2001 Fibroblast-like synoviocytes support B-cell pseudoemperipolesis via a stromal cell-derived factor-1- and CD106 (VCAM-1)-dependent mechanism. The Journal of clinical investigation 151 11160154
2015 Macrophages retain hematopoietic stem cells in the spleen via VCAM-1. The Journal of experimental medicine 142 25800955
2018 VCAM-1+ macrophages guide the homing of HSPCs to a vascular niche. Nature 119 30455424
2002 VCAM-1 signals during lymphocyte migration: role of reactive oxygen species. Molecular immunology 103 12431382
2017 Progenitor T-cell differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells using Delta-like-4 and VCAM-1. Nature methods 98 28394335
2024 H3K18 lactylation-mediated VCAM1 expression promotes gastric cancer progression and metastasis via AKT-mTOR-CXCL1 axis. Biochemical pharmacology 97 38461905
2012 IRF-1 and miRNA126 modulate VCAM-1 expression in response to a high-fat meal. Circulation research 88 22874466
2020 VCAM1 Promotes Tumor Cell Invasion and Metastasis by Inducing EMT and Transendothelial Migration in Colorectal Cancer. Frontiers in oncology 87 32793471
2012 Nuclear-localized focal adhesion kinase regulates inflammatory VCAM-1 expression. The Journal of cell biology 86 22734001
2012 Adiponectin and leptin induce VCAM-1 expression in human and murine chondrocytes. PloS one 84 23285079
2000 Irradiation induced expression of CD31, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in human microvascular endothelial cells. Anticancer research 84 11131637
2002 Variants in the VCAM1 gene and risk for symptomatic stroke in sickle cell disease. Blood 81 12393616
2013 VCAM-1 and VAP-1 recruit myeloid cells that promote pulmonary metastasis in mice. Blood 71 23407548
2000 Rheumatoid arthritis synovial stromal cells inhibit apoptosis and up-regulate Bcl-xL expression by B cells in a CD49/CD29-CD106-dependent mechanism. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 71 10623863
2006 Cytokines differentially regulate ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on human gingival fibroblasts. Clinical and experimental immunology 70 16734619
1998 Interferon enhances tumor necrosis factor-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD106) expression in human endothelial cells by an interferon-related factor 1-dependent pathway. The Journal of experimental medicine 69 9625761
1996 Heat shock protein 65 induces CD62e, CD106, and CD54 on cultured human endothelial cells and increases their adhesiveness for monocytes and granulocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 66 8683139
2008 Changes in the expression of CD106, osteogenic genes, and transcription factors involved in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 65 18600396
2016 Oxidized LDL induces FAK-dependent RSK signaling to drive NF-κB activation and VCAM-1 expression. Journal of cell science 64 26906414
2020 Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived VCAM1 induced by H. pylori infection facilitates tumor invasion in gastric cancer. Oncogene 63 32034307
2017 MiR-181b modulates EGFR-dependent VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion in glioblastoma. Oncogene 63 28459461
1995 Expression of VCAM-1 (CD106) by a subset of TCR gamma delta-bearing lymphocyte clones. Involvement of a metalloprotease in the specific hydrolytic release of the soluble isoform. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 62 7529789
2021 Macrophage-mediated vascular permeability via VLA4/VCAM1 pathway dictates ascites development in ovarian cancer. The Journal of clinical investigation 61 33295887
2017 Follicular Stimulating Hormone Accelerates Atherogenesis by Increasing Endothelial VCAM-1 Expression. Theranostics 60 29187895
2000 Regulation of synovial B cell survival in rheumatoid arthritis by vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD106) expressed on fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis and rheumatism 60 10817566
2023 Rapid neutrophil mobilization by VCAM-1+ endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Cardiovascular research 54 35134856
2017 Persistent Expression of VCAM1 in Radial Glial Cells Is Required for the Embryonic Origin of Postnatal Neural Stem Cells. Neuron 54 28728023
2014 SIRPA, VCAM1 and CD34 identify discrete lineages during early human cardiovascular development. Stem cell research 54 24968096
1996 Ibuprofen inhibits pyrogen-dependent expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on human endothelial cells. Life sciences 53 8649201
2023 The VCAM1-ApoE pathway directs microglial chemotaxis and alleviates Alzheimer's disease pathology. Nature aging 51 37735240
2018 Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis. Arthritis research & therapy 51 29325582
2017 LINC00341 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on endothelial cells by repressing VCAM1. Physiological genomics 48 28500253
2022 Mendelian randomization of genetically independent aging phenotypes identifies LPA and VCAM1 as biological targets for human aging. Nature aging 47 37118362
2021 HDAC1 and 2 regulate endothelial VCAM-1 expression and atherogenesis by suppressing methylation of the GATA6 promoter. Theranostics 47 33859766
2020 TRIM65 E3 ligase targets VCAM-1 degradation to limit LPS-induced lung inflammation. Journal of molecular cell biology 47 31310649
2020 VCAM-1 Target in Non-Invasive Imaging for the Detection of Atherosclerotic Plaques. Biology 46 33138124
1998 Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD106) on primary human articular chondrocytes: functional regulation of expression by cytokines and comparison with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54) and very late activation antigen 2. Arthritis and rheumatism 44 9663488
2018 Purinergic receptor Y2 (P2Y2)- dependent VCAM-1 expression promotes immune cell infiltration in metabolic syndrome. Basic research in cardiology 43 30338362
2006 Differential engagement of modules 1 and 4 of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) by integrins alpha4beta1 (CD49d/29) and alphaMbeta2 (CD11b/18) of eosinophils. The Journal of biological chemistry 43 16943205
1998 Adhesion molecule mechanisms mediating monocyte migration through synovial fibroblast and endothelium barriers: role for CD11/CD18, very late antigen-4 (CD49d/CD29), very late antigen-5 (CD49e/CD29), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106). Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 43 9552005
2009 Expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis clinical activity. Association with genetic polymorphisms. Disease markers 39 19597294
2008 Canonical Wnt pathway signaling suppresses VCAM-1 expression by marrow stromal and hematopoietic cells. Experimental hematology 39 18951693
2019 Human epithelial ovarian cancer cells expressing CD105, CD44 and CD106 surface markers exhibit increased invasive capacity and drug resistance. Oncology letters 38 31186752
2022 DLL4 and VCAM1 enhance the emergence of T cell-competent hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells. Science advances 36 36001668
2010 3,3'-Diindolylmethane decreases VCAM-1 expression and alleviates experimental colitis via a BRCA1-dependent antioxidant pathway. Free radical biology & medicine 36 21034812
1995 Domains 1 and 4 of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) both support very late activation antigen-4 (CD49d/CD29)-dependent monocyte transendothelial migration. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 36 7545712
2014 Involvement of VCAM1 in the bovine conceptus adhesion to the uterine endometrium. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 35 24803492
1993 Regulation of VCAM-1 expression and involvement in cell adhesion to murine microvascular endothelium. Cellular immunology 35 7680963
2022 VCAM1 confers innate immune tolerance on haematopoietic and leukaemic stem cells. Nature cell biology 34 35210567
2022 Blocking VCAM-1 Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling in Mice. Frontiers in pharmacology 34 35222039
1997 Clustering the adhesion molecules VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) in Jurkat T cells or VCAM-1 (CD106) in endothelial (ECV 304) cells activates the phosphoinositide pathway and triggers Ca2+ mobilization. European journal of immunology 34 9209507
2021 VCAM1 expression in the myocardium is associated with the risk of heart failure and immune cell infiltration in myocardium. Scientific reports 32 34593936
2015 Clopidogrel Protects Endothelium by Hindering TNFα-Induced VCAM-1 Expression through CaMKKβ/AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway. Journal of diabetes research 32 26824050
2022 IMPDH inhibition activates TLR-VCAM1 pathway and suppresses the development of MLL-fusion leukemia. EMBO molecular medicine 31 36453131
1996 Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in human malignant mesothelioma. The Journal of pathology 31 8774481
2021 Intracranial VCAM1 at time of mechanical thrombectomy predicts ischemic stroke severity. Journal of neuroinflammation 29 33971895
2020 Human cardiac fibroblasts expressing VCAM1 improve heart function in postinfarct heart failure rat models by stimulating lymphangiogenesis. PloS one 29 32936824
2002 Rolling adhesion of human NK cells to porcine endothelial cells mainly relies on CD49d-CD106 interactions. Transplantation 28 11907429
1993 Structure of the murine VCAM1 gene. Genomics 28 7507076
2019 VCAM1 Is Induced in Ovarian Theca and Stromal Cells in a Mouse Model of Androgen Excess. Endocrinology 27 30951142
2004 Recruitment and proliferation of T lymphocytes is supported by IFNgamma- and TNFalpha-activated human osteoblasts: Involvement of CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD106 (VCAM-1) adhesion molecules and CXCR3 chemokine receptor. Journal of cellular physiology 26 14755544
1996 T cells bound by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1/CD106 in synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis: inhibitory role of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in T cell activation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 26 8690921
2022 Ectopic Tumor VCAM-1 Expression in Cancer Metastasis and Therapy Resistance. Cells 25 36497180
2023 Human serum-derived exosomes modulate macrophage inflammation to promote VCAM1-mediated angiogenesis and bone regeneration. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 24 36965158
2017 MicroRNA-1185 Promotes Arterial Stiffness though Modulating VCAM-1 and E-Selectin Expression. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 24 28441665
2024 VCAM-1 mediates proximal tubule-immune cell cross talk in failed tubule recovery during AKI-to-CKD transition. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 23 39116349
2017 CD106 is a novel mediator of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via NF-κB in the bone marrow failure of acquired aplastic anemia. Stem cell research & therapy 23 28764810
2015 Activation of an endothelial Notch1-Jagged1 circuit induces VCAM1 expression, an effect amplified by interleukin-1β. Oncotarget 23 26646450
2023 Increase of ALCAM and VCAM-1 in the plasma predicts the Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in immunology 22 36685605
2015 Interaction Between Gastric Carcinoma Cells and Neural Cells Promotes Perineural Invasion by a Pathway Involving VCAM1. Digestive diseases and sciences 21 26108418
2021 Membrane-bound SCF and VCAM-1 synergistically regulate the morphology of hematopoietic stem cells. The Journal of cell biology 20 34402812
2023 Targeting VCAM-1: a therapeutic opportunity for vascular damage. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 19 36880349
2023 Compound Kushen Injection inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric carcinoma by regulating VCAM1 induced by the TNF signaling pathway. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 19 37487253
2011 High-cell density-induced VCAM1 expression inhibits the migratory ability of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell biology international 19 21073443
2010 Effect of the ICAM1 and VCAM1 gene polymorphisms on delayed graft function and acute kidney allograft rejection. Annals of transplantation 19 21183871
2022 Activation of the Notch1-c-myc-VCAM1 signalling axis initiates liver progenitor cell-driven hepatocarcinogenesis and pulmonary metastasis. Oncogene 18 35256782
2021 Downregulation of CD151 restricts VCAM-1 mediated leukocyte infiltration to reduce neurobiological injuries after experimental stroke. Journal of neuroinflammation 18 34022890
2020 IGFBP-3 stimulates human osteosarcoma cell migration by upregulating VCAM-1 expression. Life sciences 18 33188835
2016 Th1-Induced CD106 Expression Mediates Leukocytes Adhesion on Synovial Fibroblasts from Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients. PloS one 18 27123929
2016 Morin, a Flavonoid from Moraceae, Inhibits Cancer Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells and EMT by Downregulating VCAM1 and Ncadherin. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 18 27509931
2015 Up-regulation of VCAM1 Relates to Neuronal Apoptosis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Rats. Neurochemical research 18 25868755
2022 Loss of IRF7 accelerates acute myeloid leukemia progression and induces VCAM1-VLA-4 mediated intracerebral invasion. Oncogene 17 35256780
2022 Quercetin targets VCAM1 to prevent diabetic cerebrovascular endothelial cell injury. Frontiers in aging neuroscience 17 36118693
2019 Phc2 controls hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization from bone marrow by repressing Vcam1 expression. Nature communications 17 31375680
2002 Novel expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) by squamous epithelium in experimental acute graft-versus-host disease. The American journal of pathology 17 12213703
1997 CD106 (VCAM-1) in testicular immunoregulation. Journal of reproductive immunology 17 9255725
1996 The NF-kappa B inhibitor, tepoxalin, suppresses surface expression of the cell adhesion molecules CD62E, CD11b/CD18 and CD106. Immunology letters 17 9024987

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