Affinage

TCP1

T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha · UniProt P17987

Length
556 aa
Mass
60.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 31 papers cited in narrative 31 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TCP1 (CCT alpha) is the founding subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin TRiC/CCT, a hetero-oligomeric ~970 kDa double-ring complex that uses ATP binding and hydrolysis to fold newly synthesized polypeptides from protease-sensitive intermediates into native, assembly-competent forms, acting independently of any GroES-like co-chaperonin (PMID:1630491, PMID:1361170). Its principal substrates are the cytoskeletal proteins tubulin and actin: nascent tubulin enters the TCP1 complex and is released as polymerization-competent protein only upon Mg-ATP hydrolysis (PMID:1630491), and the chaperonin actively rearranges bound actin, stretching it on binding and again upon ATP binding (PMID:17417821). The eight subunits occupy fixed positions with defined inter-subunit partners, constraining ring topology (PMID:9250675), and incorporate into the endogenous complex through a nucleotide-dependent disassembly–reassembly cycle rather than being folded by CCT themselves (PMID:9563827). Consistent with its role in cytoskeletal biogenesis, TCP1 is essential in yeast, where loss-of-function alleles arrest cells with abnormal tubulin structures and impaired mitotic spindle formation and interact genetically with tubulin and actin mutations (PMID:1901944, PMID:7865875, PMID:7908441); in mammalian cells TCP1 localizes to the centrosome and is required for microtubule nucleation (PMID:8557692). Beyond the cytoskeleton, TRiC folds additional clients: it controls HDAC3 maturation, holding HDAC3 until SMRT displaces TRiC to yield active deacetylase (PMID:12502735), and contributes to folding of mutant glucocerebrosidase, whose reduced TRiC binding routes it to proteasomal degradation in Gaucher disease (PMID:21098288). CCT activity is regulated by signaling and cofactors: RSK and S6K phosphorylate the beta subunit at Ser-260 downstream of Ras-MAPK and PI3K-mTOR to support proliferation (PMID:19332537), while Hop/p60 and caveolin-1 modulate nucleotide exchange and substrate (actin) folding activity (PMID:9792653, PMID:16568240). TCP1 has been linked to tumor progression, stabilizing c-Myc via AKT/GSK-3beta and ERK signaling (PMID:40185866) and activating AKT/mTOR signaling to suppress autophagy and confer drug resistance in AML (PMID:34750375).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1991 High

    Established that TCP1 is essential and acts on microtubule-mediated processes in vivo, providing the first genetic link between the gene and cytoskeletal function.

    Evidence Cold-sensitive yeast tcp1-1 allele with tubulin immunofluorescence and antimitotic drug sensitivity

    PMID:1901944

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish biochemical mechanism
    • Substrate-level role inferred from phenotype only
  2. 1992 High

    Defined TCP1 biochemically as the core of a ~900-970 kDa ATP-dependent chaperonin that folds tubulin, actin and other substrates, answering how cytoskeletal proteins acquire native conformation.

    Evidence In vitro translation and refolding assays (tubulin, luciferase) with ATP-hydrolysis requirement and EM of the ring complex

    PMID:1361170 PMID:1630491

    Open questions at the time
    • Subunit arrangement within the ring not yet resolved
    • Full substrate range undefined
  3. 1994 High

    Showed TCP1 alpha and beta are non-redundant essential subunits required for mitotic spindle biogenesis and genetically coupled to actin/tubulin function.

    Evidence Yeast gene disruption, temperature-sensitive alleles, complementation, and suppression of actin alleles

    PMID:7865875 PMID:7908441

    Open questions at the time
    • Distinct biochemical contributions of individual subunits unresolved
  4. 1996 High

    Localized TCP1 to the centrosome and demonstrated a functional requirement for microtubule nucleation, extending its role beyond bulk folding to a defined cellular site.

    Evidence Antibody inhibition in cell-free regrowth assays and microinjection into living cells

    PMID:8557692

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether nucleation role reflects folding of a local substrate or a structural function not distinguished
  5. 1997 High

    Resolved how ATP gates substrate handling and how subunits are arranged, mechanistically defining the chaperonin cycle.

    Evidence Biochemical micro-complex analysis of fixed subunit partners and binding/EM/fluorescence assays of ATP-driven affinity switching

    PMID:9153422 PMID:9250675

    Open questions at the time
    • Substrate specificity determinants not mapped
  6. 1998 Medium

    Identified cofactor-based regulation and the self-assembly route of CCT, clarifying how the complex is built and modulated.

    Evidence Co-IP and nucleotide-exchange assays with Hop/p60; in vitro translation and sucrose-gradient analysis of subunit reassembly

    PMID:9563827 PMID:9792653

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological significance of Hop/p60 inhibition in cells unestablished
  7. 2002 High

    Extended CCT clientele to a signaling enzyme, showing TRiC folds HDAC3 and gates its activation by SMRT.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, ATP-dependent folding assay, and HDAC enzymatic activity assay

    PMID:12502735

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of HDAC3 recognition not defined
  8. 2006 Medium

    Demonstrated that caveolin-1 controls insulin-induced actin-folding activity of TCP1, linking the chaperonin to membrane signaling.

    Evidence Co-IP with domain mapping, in vitro actin folding assay, and caveolin Tyr14 phosphorylation analysis

    PMID:16568240

    Open questions at the time
    • Indirect regulation via filamin not fully resolved
    • Single lab
  9. 2009 High

    Placed CCT under growth-factor signaling control, showing RSK/S6K phosphorylation of CCTbeta Ser-260 is required for its proliferative function.

    Evidence MS site identification, S260A/S260D mutagenesis, kinase inhibitors, and knockdown-rescue assays

    PMID:19332537

    Open questions at the time
    • How Ser-260 phosphorylation alters folding activity mechanistically unknown
  10. 2010 Medium

    Connected TRiC folding capacity to disease substrates and in vivo tissue maintenance.

    Evidence Co-IP and enzyme assays for mutant glucocerebrosidase in patient fibroblasts; dominant-negative PhLP transgenic mouse with proteomics for photoreceptor outer segments

    PMID:20852191 PMID:21098288

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct TCP1-subunit contribution vs whole-complex effect not separated
    • Photoreceptor study targets cofactor PhLP, not TCP1 directly
  11. 2021 Medium

    Implicated TCP1 in oncogenic signaling and drug resistance, showing it activates AKT/mTOR to suppress autophagy.

    Evidence Co-IP, knockdown/overexpression, autophagy and drug-resistance assays with pathway-inhibitor rescue in AML models

    PMID:34750375

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether interaction reflects chaperonin folding of AKT/mTOR components unclear
  12. 2025 Medium

    Defined a tumor-promoting axis in which TCP1 binds and stabilizes c-Myc through AKT/GSK-3beta and ERK signaling.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, pathway Western blots, and in vivo HCC mouse models

    PMID:40185866

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs chaperonin-mediated c-Myc stabilization not distinguished
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the chaperonin's canonical cytoskeletal folding role mechanistically converges with its signaling-dependent regulation and oncogenic client stabilization remains unresolved.
  • No structural model linking Ser-260 phosphorylation to altered substrate selection
  • Whether oncogenic clients (c-Myc, AKT/mTOR) are bona fide folding substrates undetermined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 5 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 4 GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 4 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 4
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4
Partners
AKT1CAV1GBAHDAC3MTORMYCSTIP1ZP-BP2
Complex memberships
TRiC/CCT chaperonin complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 31 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 TCP1 (as the major constituent of a 900K complex) functions as a cytosolic molecular chaperone in the biogenesis of tubulin: newly translated alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits enter the 900K TCP1-containing complex in a protease-sensitive conformation, and addition of Mg-ATP (but not non-hydrolysable analogues) releases them as assembly-competent, protease-resistant protein. In vitro translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, protease sensitivity assay, immunoprecipitation with anti-TCP1 monoclonal antibody, ATP hydrolysis requirement assay Nature High 1630491
1992 TCP-1 is part of a hetero-oligomeric ~970 kDa ring complex (TRiC) containing several structurally related subunits of 52–65 kDa; TRiC binds unfolded polypeptides to prevent aggregation and mediates ATP-dependent renaturation of unfolded luciferase and tubulin; folding occurs independently of a GroES-like co-chaperonin. Biochemical purification, electron microscopy, in vitro refolding assay (luciferase, tubulin), ATP-dependence assay The EMBO Journal High 1361170
1991 Yeast TCP1 is an essential gene affecting microtubule-mediated processes: the cold-sensitive tcp1-1 mutation causes linear growth arrest, accumulation of multinucleate and anucleate cells, morphologically abnormal tubulin structures, and hypersensitivity to antimitotic compounds. Yeast genetics, conditional (cold-sensitive) allele construction, immunofluorescence with anti-alpha-tubulin antibodies, antimitotic drug sensitivity assay Molecular and Cellular Biology High 1901944
1994 Yeast TCP1 (CCT alpha subunit) is essential; temperature-sensitive mutations arrest cells in large-budded state with replicated DNA in single nuclear masses and abnormal tubulin staining, supporting a role in mitotic spindle biogenesis. Overproduction of wild-type Tcp1p partially suppresses growth defects of act1-1 and act1-4 actin alleles, and novel genetic interactions (allele-specific synthetic phenotypes) were observed between tcp1 alleles and tubulin (tub1-1, tub2-402) and actin (act1-1, act1-4) mutations. Tcp1p localizes to the cytoplasm and cell cortex. Yeast genetics (multiple alleles, double mutant analysis, suppression assays), immunofluorescence microscopy (tubulin, actin, DNA), cell fractionation/localization Molecular Biology of the Cell High 7865875
1997 CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1) subunits have fixed inter-subunit partners and a unique topology within the toroidal ring: analysis of CCT micro-complexes (subsets of CCT subunits, 120–250 kDa) showed each subunit associates with only one or two other specific subunit types, constraining the subunit arrangement to one probable orientation out of 5040 possibilities. Biochemical characterization of endogenous CCT micro-complexes, subunit composition analysis by immunoblot with subunit-specific antibodies The EMBO Journal High 9250675
1997 CCT undergoes ATP-dependent conformational changes that regulate substrate affinity: in the absence of nucleotide, CCT binds a large number of denatured proteins with high affinity; ATP binding and hydrolysis switch CCT between conformations that interact strongly or weakly with unfolded substrates; a single CCT particle can contain two substrate chains simultaneously. Biochemical binding assays with radiolabeled denatured substrates (beta-actin, beta-tubulin, total HeLa cell extract), electron microscopy, sedimentation velocity, intrinsic fluorescence measurements Biochemistry High 9153422
1989 TCP-1 protein localizes to the cytoplasmic aspect of membranes of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in tissue culture cells, and in spermatids it associates with structures near the developing acrosome. Indirect immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation with rat monoclonal antibodies, Western blotting Cell Medium 2655925
1996 TCP-1 localizes within the centrosome and is required for microtubule nucleation from the centrosome: anti-TCP-1 antibodies (but not anti-hsp73) blocked microtubule regrowth from centrosomes in a cell-free system with purified tubulin and GTP, and microinjection of anti-TCP-1 antibodies into nocodazole-treated living cells inhibited microtubule network regrowth after drug removal. Indirect immunofluorescence, centrosome enrichment, antibody microinjection into living cells, in vitro microtubule regrowth assay The Journal of Biological Chemistry High 8557692
2002 TRiC (TCP-1 ring complex) is required for proper folding of HDAC3 in an ATP-dependent process; TRiC interacts with HDAC3 prior to its association with SMRT; SMRT displaces TRiC from HDAC3, yielding an active histone deacetylase enzyme, thereby controlling HDAC3 activity. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro folding/chaperonin assay (ATP-dependence), HDAC enzyme activity assay Genes & Development High 12502735
2009 CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1) is a physiological substrate for RSK and S6K kinases: RSK phosphorylates the beta subunit of CCT (CCTbeta) at Ser-260 in response to growth factors/tumor promoters via the Ras-MAPK pathway; insulin utilizes S6K via the PI3K-mTOR pathway to regulate CCTbeta Ser-260 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation-deficient CCTbeta (S260A) cannot rescue proliferation defects caused by CCTbeta knockdown, whereas wild-type or phosphomimetic (S260D) can. Mass spectrometry identification of phosphorylation site, site-directed mutagenesis, kinase inhibitor experiments (UO126, BID-1870, rapamycin), RNAi knockdown rescue assays, in vivo phosphorylation assays The Journal of Biological Chemistry High 19332537
2000 Transcription of the mouse Ccta/TCP1 alpha subunit gene is regulated by Staf-family zinc-finger transcription factors ZNF143 and ZNF76, which bind two cis-acting 18-bp elements (CAE1 at -70 bp and CAE2 at -20 bp) in the promoter; overexpression of ZNF143 and ZNF76 enhances transcription, while their DNA-binding domains alone inhibit it. Reporter gene assay (HeLa cells), yeast one-hybrid screening, EMSA with purified DNA-binding domains, Western blot with anti-ZNF143 antibody The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 10893243
1998 Hop/p60 (but not Hap46) directly interacts with CCT in an ATP/ADP-dependent manner through its carboxyl-terminal sequences; Hop/p60 binding stimulates nucleotide exchange on CCT, decreases substrate (luciferase) binding to CCT, and inhibits CCT-mediated luciferase reactivation in combination with hsc70 and hsp40. Co-immunoprecipitation with purified CCT, nucleotide exchange assay, in vitro luciferase refolding assay, truncation domain-mapping The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 9792653
1994 TCP1 beta (a second essential subunit of the CCT complex) is required for mitotic spindle formation and function: temperature-sensitive tcp1-beta mutants arrest as large-budded cells with replicated DNA in single nuclear masses and abnormal tubulin staining; TCP1 alpha and TCP1 beta have non-redundant essential functions (disruption of either cannot be rescued by extra copies of the other). Yeast genetics (gene disruption, temperature-sensitive alleles), immunofluorescence (tubulin staining), complementation analysis, FACS (DNA content) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7908441
1998 CCT subunit proteins themselves are not folded by CCT; however, newly translated CCT subunits incorporate into the endogenous CCT complex via a nucleotide-dependent disassembly-reassembly cycle: ATP induces disassembly into single rings, and free subunits reassemble onto these single rings. In vitro translation of CCT subunit mRNAs in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, sucrose gradient sedimentation, nucleotide-dependence assays Biological Chemistry Medium 9563827
1994 CCT (chromobindin A) from adrenal medulla binds chromaffin granule membranes in a calcium-dependent manner and requires ATP for release; the seven subunits of chromobindin A are immunologically identical to CCT subunits (beta, delta, theta, alpha, zeta, xi, gamma), and the complex binds chromaffin granule membranes at least 7-fold more efficiently than bulk cytosol proteins. Cross-reactivity with CCT subunit-specific antisera, affinity chromatography with chromaffin granule membrane columns, electron microscopy The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 7798195
2007 TRiC (TCP-1 ring complex) actively rearranges bound actin during the folding process: FRET measurements on doubly fluorescein-labeled actin variants showed that actin is stretched upon binding to TRiC, and further rearranged in a second step upon ATP binding, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved active chaperonin mechanism. FRET measurements with four distinct doubly fluorescein-labeled actin variants, ATP-dependence assay Biochemistry Medium 17417821
2010 Reduced binding of mutant glucocerebrosidase (GCase) to the TRiC (TCP1 ring complex) in Gaucher disease cells results in defective maturation of nascent GCase, leading to proteasome-dependent degradation; increased interaction of GCase with the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl further promotes GCase loss. Proteasome inhibitor (lactacystin) treatment, co-immunoprecipitation of GCase with TRiC and c-Cbl, enzyme activity assays in patient-derived fibroblasts Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 21098288
2011 The CCT/TRiC complex is present on the surface of capacitated spermatozoa and mediates sperm-oocyte interaction: CCT complex forms a multimeric association with zona pellucida-binding protein 2 (ZP-BP2) on capacitated sperm surfaces and accounts for zona pellucida binding activity. Blue native-PAGE, far Western blotting, proximity ligation assay, zona pellucida binding assays The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 21880732
2010 CCT activity is required for morphogenesis and survival of photoreceptor rod outer segments in vivo: transgenic dominant-negative inhibition of CCT cofactor PhLP in mouse photoreceptors caused outer segment malformation and rapid retinal degeneration, with quantitative proteomics identifying ~200 affected proteins including peripherin 2, Rom1, rhodopsin, transducin, and PDE6. Transgenic mouse model (dominant-negative PhLP), quantitative proteomics, retinal histology Molecular & Cellular Proteomics Medium 20852191
2009 Beta-tubulin forms a constitutive complex with CCT-beta (chaperonin containing TCP-1-beta subunit); alkylation of Cys354 in the beta-tubulin peptide TAVCDIPPR (at the binding interface with CCT-beta) by N-iodoacetyl-tryptophan disrupts this complex and induces apoptosis; overexpression of truncated beta-tubulin (T351-S364) or CCT-beta silencing modulate cell sensitivity, establishing this complex as an anti-apoptotic entity. Proteomic analysis, peptide mass fingerprinting, site-directed mutagenesis (Cys354Ala), immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, apoptosis assays Cancer Research Medium 19690144
2012 CCT eta subunit (CCTη) regulates NF-κB (p65) transcriptional activity in a promoter-specific manner downstream of IKK: CCTη knockdown increases p65 DNA binding and reduces p65 acetylation at lysines 122 and 123 (presumably by altering CBP histone acetyltransferase activity), impairing termination of CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/IP10 transcription. RNAi screening, reporter gene assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, p65 acetylation analysis, site-directed mutagenesis of p65 lysines PLoS ONE Medium 22860050
2006 Caveolin-1 interacts with TCP-1 via its first 32 N-terminal amino acids; caveolin-1 expression is required for induction of TCP-1 actin-folding activity in response to insulin; caveolin-1 phosphorylation at Tyr14 induces dissociation of caveolin-1 from TCP-1 and activates actin folding; this regulation is indirect and involves the cytoskeleton linker filamin. Co-immunoprecipitation, caveolin-1 deletion constructs, in vitro actin folding assay, phosphorylation-site analysis, insulin stimulation assays Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences Medium 16568240
2006 COP1 (WD40 E3 ubiquitin ligase) associates with the hetero-oligomeric TCP-1 chaperonin complex (TRiC), Hsp70, and BAG2 in mammalian cells, suggesting TRiC facilitates folding of WD40 proteins. Affinity purification with transient and stable COP1 expression, mass spectrometry identification of associated proteins The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology Low 16497536
2014 CCT complex directly binds the cytoplasmic domain of the LOX-1 scavenger receptor in an ATP-dependent manner: 6 of 8 CCT subunits were identified by affinity isolation from LOX-1 cytoplasmic domain bait; interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunostaining in HUVECs; oxidized LDL (OxLDL) suppresses this interaction. Affinity isolation, co-immunoprecipitation, immunostaining, ATP-dependence assay FEBS Letters Medium 24846140
2015 Misato (Mst) associates stoichiometrically with the TCP-1 (CCT) complex and the Prefoldin complex in Drosophila embryos and is required for TCP-1 complex stability: RNAi depletion of any TCP-1 subunit phenocopies mst mutations (monopolar/disorganized mitotic spindles); mst mutants show drastically compromised tubulin polymerization efficiency and tubulin stability; Mst structurally resembles tubulin monomers and may occupy the TCP-1 central cavity. Affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS), RNAi in vivo depletion, immunofluorescence (spindle morphology), structural bioinformatics Current Biology Medium 26096973
2021 TCP1 interacts with AKT and mTOR to activate AKT/mTOR signaling, which inhibits autophagy and thereby confers adriamycin resistance in AML cells; pharmacological inhibition of AKT/mTOR specifically re-activated autophagy and resensitized TCP1-overexpressing cells to adriamycin. Co-immunoprecipitation (TCP1 with AKT/mTOR), siRNA knockdown, overexpression, autophagy assays, in vitro and in vivo drug resistance assays, AKT/mTOR inhibitor rescue Cell Death & Disease Medium 34750375
2021 Mutant smooth muscle alpha-actin (ACTA2 R149C) is retained in the chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide (TCP1/CCT) folding complex more than wild-type, resulting in reduced mutant actin monomer levels in smooth muscle cells and thereby minimizing pathological effects on SMC function. CRISPR/Cas9 mouse model, co-immunoprecipitation of actin with CCT complex, in vitro motility assay, TIRF polymerization microscopy, immunofluorescence of SMC filaments The Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 34600884
2024 METTL14-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of TCP1 mRNA promotes TCP1 transcript stability and upregulates TCP1 expression in AML; TCP1 interacts with PPP2R2C as a functional target mediating AML malignant progression. Bioinformatics prediction, Western blot/qRT-PCR validation, overexpression/knockdown functional assays, immunoprecipitation (TCP1-PPP2R2C interaction), in vitro and in vivo proliferation assays Cellular Signalling Low 39033992
2025 TCP1 stabilizes c-Myc protein through the AKT/GSK-3β and ERK signaling pathways; TCP1 directly binds c-Myc as shown by Co-IP; TCP1 suppression reduces proliferation and invasion in HCC and PDAC cells in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, Western blot (AKT/GSK-3β/ERK pathway), in vitro proliferation/invasion assays, in vivo (DEN-induced HCC and TCP1 knock-in mouse model) Communications Biology Medium 40185866
2015 Gpd1 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) regulates post-translational modification of yeast Tcp-1 by acetylation and glycation through the NAD+/NADH shuttle and the triose phosphate intermediate DHAP; the extent of Tcp-1 modification negatively correlates with solubility of mutant huntingtin. Yeast genetics (gpd1 deletion), biochemical analysis of Tcp-1 acetylation/glycation, mutant huntingtin aggregation assays Molecular Neurobiology Low 26164272
2014 TCP1 complex proteins (particularly the TCP1-beta subunit) interact with phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (PS-ASOs) and enhance their antisense activity; TCP1-beta co-localizes with PS-ASOs in distinct nuclear structures (PS-bodies); upon RAN depletion, cytoplasmic PS-body-like structures accumulate and nuclear PS-ASO concentrations decrease, suggesting TCP1-beta participates in nuclear import of PS-ASOs. Co-immunoprecipitation (TCP1 with PS-ASOs), co-localization by immunofluorescence, RAN depletion experiments, free-uptake endosome/lysosome co-localization studies Nucleic Acids Research Medium 24861627

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 TCP1 complex is a molecular chaperone in tubulin biogenesis. Nature 407 1630491
1992 Function in protein folding of TRiC, a cytosolic ring complex containing TCP-1 and structurally related subunits. The EMBO journal 374 1361170
1995 The chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1). Multisubunit machinery assisting in protein folding and assembly in the eukaryotic cytosol. European journal of biochemistry 252 7601114
1995 Evolution of the chaperonin families (Hsp60, Hsp10 and Tcp-1) of proteins and the origin of eukaryotic cells. Molecular microbiology 230 7752884
1997 Elucidation of the subunit orientation in CCT (chaperonin containing TCP1) from the subunit composition of CCT micro-complexes. The EMBO journal 162 9250675
1991 The yeast homolog to mouse Tcp-1 affects microtubule-mediated processes. Molecular and cellular biology 139 1901944
2008 Activities of the chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT): implications for cell cycle progression and cytoskeletal organisation. Cell stress & chaperones 131 18595008
1994 Two yeast genes with similarity to TCP-1 are required for microtubule and actin function in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 131 7916460
2002 Assembly of the SMRT-histone deacetylase 3 repression complex requires the TCP-1 ring complex. Genes & development 118 12502735
1993 Protein folding in the cell: functions of two families of molecular chaperone, hsp 60 and TF55-TCP1. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 101 8098536
1997 Cytoplasmic chaperonin containing TCP-1: structural and functional characterization. Biochemistry 98 9153422
1994 The essential yeast Tcp1 protein affects actin and microtubules. Molecular biology of the cell 95 7865875
2011 The chaperonin containing TCP1 complex (CCT/TRiC) is involved in mediating sperm-oocyte interaction. The Journal of biological chemistry 94 21880732
1990 Sequence and structural homology between a mouse T-complex protein TCP-1 and the 'chaperonin' family of bacterial (GroEL, 60-65 kDa heat shock antigen) and eukaryotic proteins. Biochemistry international 94 1972327
2007 Characterization of a tightly controlled promoter of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii and its use in the analysis of the essential cct1 gene. Molecular microbiology 88 17973910
2015 Two members of the TRiC chaperonin complex, CCT2 and TCP1 are essential for survival of breast cancer cells and are linked to driving oncogenes. Experimental cell research 86 25704758
2014 TCP1 complex proteins interact with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides and can co-localize in oligonucleotide-induced nuclear bodies in mammalian cells. Nucleic acids research 85 24861627
1989 The t complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) is associated with the cytoplasmic aspect of Golgi membranes. Cell 85 2655925
2009 p90 ribosomal S6 kinase and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase link phosphorylation of the eukaryotic chaperonin containing TCP-1 to growth factor, insulin, and nutrient signaling. The Journal of biological chemistry 78 19332537
1996 Molecular chaperones and the centrosome. A role for TCP-1 in microtubule nucleation. The Journal of biological chemistry 74 8557692
1995 The eighth Cct gene, Cctq, encoding the theta subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP-1. Gene 74 7890169
1987 The human homologue of the mouse t-complex gene, TCP1, is located on chromosome 6 but is not near the HLA region. The EMBO journal 73 3653076
2014 Chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 8 (CCT8) is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes HCC proliferation. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 61 24862099
1994 Primary structure and function of a second essential member of the heterooligomeric TCP1 chaperonin complex of yeast, TCP1 beta. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 60 7908441
2017 Targeting chaperonin containing TCP1 (CCT) as a molecular therapeutic for small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 55 29299146
1995 Antibody characterisation of two distinct conformations of the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 from mouse testis. FEBS letters 52 7828721
1997 Tissue-specific subunit of the mouse cytosolic chaperonin-containing TCP-1. FEBS letters 51 9013858
2016 Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 Protein Level in Breast Cancer Cells Predicts Therapeutic Application of a Cytotoxic Peptide. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 49 27012814
2009 Intracellular beta-tubulin/chaperonin containing TCP1-beta complex serves as a novel chemotherapeutic target against drug-resistant tumors. Cancer research 48 19690144
2003 Cct1, a phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis enzyme, is required for Drosophila oogenesis and ovarian morphogenesis. Development (Cambridge, England) 47 14597574
1998 The chaperone cofactor Hop/p60 interacts with the cytosolic chaperonin-containing TCP-1 and affects its nucleotide exchange and protein folding activities. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 9792653
2010 Decreased glucocerebrosidase activity in Gaucher disease parallels quantitative enzyme loss due to abnormal interaction with TCP1 and c-Cbl. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 45 21098288
1999 Origin of gene overlap: the case of TCP1 and ACAT2. Genetics 43 10353914
2020 Investigating Chaperonin-Containing TCP-1 subunit 2 as an essential component of the chaperonin complex for tumorigenesis. Scientific reports 40 31964905
1995 Conformational cycle of the archaeosome, a TCP1-like chaperonin from Sulfolobus shibatae. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 7499406
1993 A TCP1-related molecular chaperone from plants refolds phytochrome to its photoreversible form. Nature 37 8099715
2012 Cytotoxin CctA, a major virulence factor of Clostridium chauvoei conferring protective immunity against myonecrosis. Vaccine 36 22749595
1990 Expression of three t-complex genes, Tcp-1, D17Leh117c3, and D17Leh66, in purified murine spermatogenic cell populations. Genetical research 36 2272510
1992 Structure and expression of the gene encoding mouse t-complex polypeptide (Tcp-1). Gene 32 1383093
2021 TCP1 increases drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia by suppressing autophagy via activating AKT/mTOR signaling. Cell death & disease 31 34750375
1998 The chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) displays a single-ring mediated disassembly and reassembly cycle. Biological chemistry 31 9563827
1994 Identification of the major chromaffin granule-binding protein, chromobindin A, as the cytosolic chaperonin CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1). The Journal of biological chemistry 30 7798195
2021 Heightened splenic and bone marrow uptake of 18F-FDG PET/CT is associated with systemic inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis by CCTA in psoriasis: An observational study. Atherosclerosis 28 34808541
2018 The structure and evolution of eukaryotic chaperonin-containing TCP-1 and its mechanism that folds actin into a protein spring. The Biochemical journal 28 30291170
2013 Isolation and characterization of a novel Dehalobacter species strain TCP1 that reductively dechlorinates 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Biodegradation 28 23995979
2012 Regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity via p65 acetylation by the chaperonin containing TCP1 (CCT). PloS one 28 22860050
2010 Disruption of the chaperonin containing TCP-1 function affects protein networks essential for rod outer segment morphogenesis and survival. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 27 20852191
1996 Peptide mass fingerprinting of chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) and copurifying proteins. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 27 8566534
2000 Transcriptional regulation of the mouse cytosolic chaperonin subunit gene Ccta/t-complex polypeptide 1 by selenocysteine tRNA gene transcription activating factor family zinc finger proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 10893243
1994 TRiC-P5, a novel TCP1-related protein, is localized in the cytoplasm and in the nuclear matrix. Journal of cell science 26 7876352
2021 Chaperonin-Containing TCP1 Complex (CCT) Promotes Breast Cancer Growth Through Correlations With Key Cell Cycle Regulators. Frontiers in oncology 25 33996588
2017 Chaperonin containing TCP-1 subunit 3 is critical for gastric cancer growth. Oncotarget 25 29340068
2020 Chaperonin-Containing TCP-1 Promotes Cancer Chemoresistance and Metastasis through the AKT-GSK3β-β-Catenin and XIAP-Survivin Pathways. Cancers 24 33371405
2017 Genetic expansion of chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT/TRiC) complex subunits yields testis-specific isoforms required for spermatogenesis in planarian flatworms. Molecular reproduction and development 24 29095551
2015 Misato Controls Mitotic Microtubule Generation by Stabilizing the TCP-1 Tubulin Chaperone Complex [corrected]. Current biology : CB 23 26096973
2017 Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 5 is a tumor associated antigen of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 22 28969060
2008 Development of free-energy-based models for chaperonin containing TCP-1 mediated folding of actin. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 21 18708324
1987 Assignment of the TCP1 locus to the long arm of human chromosome 6 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 21 3476253
1990 Cloning of a Chinese hamster protein homologous to the mouse t-complex protein TCP-1: structural similarity to the ubiquitous 'chaperonin' family of heat-shock proteins. Biochimica et biophysica acta 20 1977474
1988 Genetic polymorphism of a bovine t-complex gene (TCP1) linkage to major histocompatibility genes. The Journal of heredity 20 2896675
2021 Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 3 (CCT3) promotes cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells through targeting the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway. Bioengineered 19 34612768
1997 Developmental and light-dependent changes of the cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) subunits in maize seedlings, and the localization in coleoptiles. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 19 9450343
2007 Conformational rearrangements of tail-less complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) ring complex (TRiC)-bound actin. Biochemistry 17 17417821
1994 Functional role of a consensus peptide which is common to alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tubulin, to actin and centractin, to phytochrome A, and to the TCP1 alpha chaperonin protein. FEBS letters 17 8033985
2021 TCP1 regulates PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to promote proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Journal of ovarian research 16 34162426
2006 Affinity purification reveals the association of WD40 protein constitutive photomorphogenic 1 with the hetero-oligomeric TCP-1 chaperonin complex in mammalian cells. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 16 16497536
2006 Characterization of the cytoplasmic chaperonin containing TCP-1 from the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps. Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions 15 16770691
1997 Subunit characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans chaperonin containing TCP-1 and expression pattern of the gene encoding CCT-1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 15 9434769
1993 Two acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase genes located in the t-complex region of mouse chromosome 17 partially overlap the Tcp-1 and Tcp-1x genes. Genomics 15 7904580
2023 Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6A may activate Notch and Wnt pathways to facilitate the malignant behaviors and cancer stemness in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer biology & therapy 14 38084868
2020 Avian Chaperonin Containing TCP1 Subunit 5 Supports Influenza A Virus Replication by Interacting With Viral Nucleoprotein, PB1, and PB2 Proteins. Frontiers in microbiology 14 33178142
2014 Chaperonin-containing TCP-1 complex directly binds to the cytoplasmic domain of the LOX-1 receptor. FEBS letters 14 24846140
1997 Rat chromosome 1: regional localization of seven genes (Slc9a3, Srd5a1, Esr, Tcp1, Grik5, Tnnt3, Jak2) and anchoring of the genetic linkage map to the cytogenetic map. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 14 9271667
1992 Genetic mapping of three human homologues of murine t-complex genes localizes TCP10 to 6q27, 15 cM distal to TCP1 and PLG. Genomics 14 1572657
1998 A Dictyostelium discoideum homologue to Tcp-1 is essential for growth and development. Gene 13 9630545
1996 Analysis of chaperonin-containing TCP-1 subunits in the human keratinocyte two-dimensional protein database: further characterisation of antibodies to individual subunits. Electrophoresis 13 8982604
1995 Molecular analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans tcp-1, a gene encoding a chaperonin protein. Gene 13 7758963
1994 The amino acid sequence previously attributed to a protein kinase or a TCP1-related molecular chaperone and co-purified with phytochrome is a beta-glucosidase. FEBS letters 13 8013661
2006 Caveolin-1 interacts with the chaperone complex TCP-1 and modulates its protein folding activity. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 11 16568240
2022 Chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT/TRiC) is a novel therapeutic and diagnostic target for neuroblastoma. Frontiers in oncology 10 36185250
1991 Cloning of cDNA encoding rat TCP-1. Biochimica et biophysica acta 10 1756183
2021 Resistance of Acta2R149C/+ mice to aortic disease is associated with defective release of mutant smooth muscle α-actin from the chaperonin-containing TCP1 folding complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 9 34600884
2010 Sirt1’s beneficial roles in neurodegenerative diseases - a chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) connection? Aging cell 9 20569238
1985 Expression of the Tcp-1 locus of the mouse during early embryogenesis. Journal of embryology and experimental morphology 9 4093742
2024 METTL14-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of TCP1 mRNA promotes acute myeloid leukemia progression. Cellular signalling 8 39033992
1994 cDNA encoding a novel TCP1-related protein. Biochimica et biophysica acta 8 8110840
2015 Silencing P2X7 receptor downregulates the expression of TCP-1 involved in lymphoma lymphatic metastasis. Oncotarget 7 26556873
2013 OMICS in ecology: systems level analyses of Halobacterium salinarum reveal large-scale temperature-mediated changes and a requirement of CctA for thermotolerance. Omics : a journal of integrative biology 7 24147786
2024 Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 6A inhibition via TRIM21-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination suppresses triple-negative breast cancer progression through the AKT signalling pathway. Clinical and translational medicine 6 39556022
2022 Unraveling of interacting protein network of chaperonin TCP1 gamma subunit of Leishmania donovani. Cell stress & chaperones 6 35199315
2020 The Putative TCP-1 Chaperonin Is an Important Player Involved in Sialic Acid-Dependent Host Cell Invasion by Toxoplasma gondii. Frontiers in microbiology 6 32153542
2025 TCP1 promotes the progression of malignant tumours by stabilizing c-Myc through the AKT/GSK-3β and ERK signalling pathways. Communications biology 5 40185866
2015 Gpd1 Regulates the Activity of Tcp-1 and Heat Shock Response in Yeast Cells: Effect on Aggregation of Mutant Huntingtin. Molecular neurobiology 5 26164272
2025 Role of the chaperonin TCP-1 ring complex in protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 4 40693240
2022 TCP1 mediates gp37 of avian leukosis virus subgroup J to inhibit autophagy through activating AKT in DF-1 cells. Veterinary microbiology 4 35687943
2022 Association between major adverse cardiovascular events and pentraxin-3 in patients who have undergone coronary computed tomography angiography: from the FU-CCTA registry. Heart and vessels 4 36169707
1992 Nucleotide sequence of a mouse Tcp-1 pseudogene: a nucleotide record for a t complex gene carried by an ancestor of the mouse. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 4 1543916
1985 Quantitation of two-dimensional gel proteins reveals unequal amounts of Tcp-1 gene products during mouse spermatogenesis but no correlation with transmission ratio distortion. Journal of embryology and experimental morphology 4 4093743
2022 Chaperonin containing TCP1 as a marker for identification of circulating tumor cells in blood. PloS one 3 35749519
2021 Low expression of TCP1 (T-Complex 1) and PSMC1 (Proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 1) in heterotopic ossification during ankylosing spondylitis. Bioengineered 3 34612770

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