Affinage

MTOR

Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR · UniProt P42345

Length
2549 aa
Mass
288.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 13 papers cited in narrative 13 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MTOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase that serves as a central node coupling growth factor and nutrient signals to cell growth, translation, autophagy, and metabolism (PMID:9465032, PMID:21258367). It was identified as the 245 kDa mammalian target (RAFT1/FRAP) of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex, which binds a defined ~133-residue region whose interaction depends on a conserved serine corresponding to the yeast TOR rapamycin-resistance site (PMID:7518356, PMID:7809080). As a kinase, mTOR directly phosphorylates p70 S6 kinase on Thr-389 and 4E-BP1 on Thr-36/Thr-45, the latter blocking 4E-BP1 association with eIF-4E to license cap-dependent translation (PMID:9465032). mTOR activity is gated by the upstream Akt–TSC2 axis, in which Akt phosphorylates and destabilizes TSC2 to relieve TSC1-TSC2 inhibition of mTOR signaling (PMID:12172553), while GTP-charged Rheb binds the mTOR catalytic domain and mLST8 to directly stimulate kinase activity (PMID:15854902). In a distinct rictor-containing complex (mTORC2), mTOR is the Ser-473 kinase for Akt, acting in a PI(3,4,5)P3-stimulated, wortmannin-sensitive manner (PMID:16221682). Under nutrient-sufficient conditions mTOR phosphorylates Ulk1 on Ser-757 to disrupt Ulk1-AMPK association and suppress autophagy (PMID:21258367), and it drives aerobic glycolysis downstream of a dectin-1–Akt–HIF-1α pathway to support trained immunity in monocytes (PMID:25258083). Crystal structures of the mTOR-mLST8 catalytic core reveal an intrinsically active kinase with a recessed active site guarded by the FRB domain, which recruits substrates and is blocked by rapamycin-FKBP12; activating mutations map to the framework holding these elements in place, and bivalent inhibitors occupying both the FRB and ATP pockets overcome resistance to earlier-generation drugs (PMID:23636326, PMID:27279227). Genetic loss of mTOR in mice causes embryonic lethality phenocopied by rapamycin, establishing its essential role in proliferation and patterning in vivo (PMID:11707573).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1994 High

    Identified the mammalian molecular target of the immunosuppressant rapamycin, answering what protein the FKBP12-rapamycin complex acts upon.

    Evidence Biochemical purification, peptide sequencing, cDNA cloning, and rapamycin-dependent co-immunoprecipitation with FKBP12; complemented by yeast two-hybrid and mutagenesis defining the binding region

    PMID:7518356 PMID:7809080

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish mTOR's catalytic activity or substrates
    • Functional consequence of FKBP12-rapamycin binding on signaling not yet defined
  2. 1998 High

    Established mTOR as a direct kinase by identifying its phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, linking it to translational control.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays with defined phosphosites (Thr-389 on S6K; Thr-36/45 on 4E-BP1), mutagenesis, and serum-stimulation kinetics

    PMID:9465032

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream activation mechanism unknown
    • Complex composition (raptor/rictor) not yet defined
  3. 1999 Medium

    Probed which physical partners are required for mTOR signaling, implicating gephyrin in downstream output.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation and RAFT1 mutants unable to bind gephyrin assayed for S6K/4E-BP1 phosphorylation

    PMID:10325225

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab, mechanism of gephyrin's contribution unresolved
    • Relationship to later-defined complex subunits unclear
  4. 2000 Medium

    Tested whether additional kinases cooperate with mTOR in 4E-BP1 control, identifying PKCδ as an associated requirement.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, dominant-negative PKCδ, in vitro phosphorylation, and cap-dependent translation assays

    PMID:10698949

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; direct vs indirect role of PKCδ not fully separated
    • Whether PKCδ is a stable complex component unknown
  5. 2001 High

    Determined the in vivo requirement for mTOR, showing its kinase activity is essential for embryonic proliferation and patterning.

    Evidence Mouse loss-of-function genetics phenocopied by rapamycin treatment of early embryos

    PMID:11707573

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-specific roles not dissected
    • Which downstream effectors mediate the lethal phenotype not resolved
  6. 2002 High

    Defined the upstream regulatory axis, placing TSC1-TSC2 as an Akt-controlled inhibitor of mTOR signaling.

    Evidence In vitro Akt phosphorylation of TSC2, co-IP of TSC1-TSC2, epistasis on S6K/4E-BP1 readouts

    PMID:12172553

    Open questions at the time
    • How TSC1-TSC2 loss is transduced to mTOR not yet mechanistic (Rheb link defined later)
  7. 2005 High

    Resolved the direct activator of mTOR kinase and identified a second mTOR complex, distinguishing mTORC1 and mTORC2 functions.

    Evidence Rheb mutant co-IP and in vitro kinase assays showing GTP-Rheb activation; immunopurified mTOR/rictor cell-free assays plus rictor siRNA showing Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation

    PMID:15854902 PMID:16221682

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of Rheb activation not yet defined
    • How the two complexes are differentially assembled and localized not addressed
  8. 2011 High

    Connected mTOR to autophagy control, showing it directly inhibits Ulk1 under nutrient-sufficient conditions.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, Ulk1 Ser-757 phospho-site mutagenesis, co-IP of Ulk1-AMPK, and cellular autophagy readouts

    PMID:21258367

    Open questions at the time
    • Integration with other nutrient inputs to mTOR not fully resolved here
  9. 2013 High

    Provided the structural mechanism of catalysis and rapamycin inhibition, explaining the recessed active site and FRB gatekeeping.

    Evidence X-ray co-crystal structures of mTOR-mLST8 with transition-state mimic and inhibitors, plus mutagenesis of activating mutations

    PMID:23636326

    Open questions at the time
    • Structures used truncated complex; full holocomplex and Rheb-bound states not captured
    • Substrate-bound conformations not resolved
  10. 2014 High

    Extended mTOR function to immunometabolism, showing it drives aerobic glycolysis to support trained immunity.

    Evidence Pharmacological inhibition of Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α, metabolic flux, transcriptome/histone profiling, and myeloid HIF-1α knockout mice

    PMID:25258083

    Open questions at the time
    • Which mTOR complex/substrates mediate the glycolytic switch not pinpointed
  11. 2016 High

    Clarified clinical resistance mechanisms and validated a bivalent inhibitor strategy targeting mTOR.

    Evidence Resistance mutation mapping, in vitro kinase assays of mutants, and design/testing of FRB+ATP-site bivalent inhibitor RapaLink-1

    PMID:27279227

    Open questions at the time
    • Long-term in vivo durability and resistance to bivalent inhibitors not addressed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrate selection, subcellular localization, and complex assembly are dynamically coordinated across diverse upstream inputs remains incompletely defined.
  • No structural model of substrate-engaged or Rheb-bound holocomplex in the corpus
  • Spatial regulation of the two complexes not resolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0016740 transferase activity 2 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 1 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 1 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
AKT1FKBP12MLST8PRKCDRHEBRICTORTSC2ULK1
Complex memberships
mTORC1mTORC2

Evidence

Reading pass · 13 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 MTOR (RAFT1) was identified as the mammalian protein that binds to FKBP12 in a rapamycin-dependent manner and is homologous to yeast TOR proteins. A protein complex of 245 kDa (RAFT1) interacts with FKBP12 only in the presence of rapamycin, establishing RAFT1/mTOR as the direct target of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex. Biochemical purification, peptide sequencing, cDNA cloning, co-immunoprecipitation with rapamycin/FKBP12 Cell High 7518356
1994 A 133 amino acid region of RAPT1/mTOR is sufficient for binding to the FKBP12/rapamycin complex; mutation of the serine residue corresponding to the yeast Tor rapamycin-resistance mutation abolishes this interaction. Yeast two-hybrid system, site-directed mutagenesis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7809080
1998 RAFT1/mTOR directly phosphorylates p70 S6 kinase on Thr-389 (a rapamycin-sensitive, activating phosphorylation), and phosphorylates 4E-BP1 on Thr-36 and Thr-45, blocking its association with eIF-4E in vitro. Serum stimulates RAFT1 kinase activity with kinetics similar to p70S6K and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assay, mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 9465032
1999 RAFT1/mTOR interacts with gephyrin (a protein required for glycine receptor clustering at neurons) in mammalian cells, and RAFT1 mutants that cannot associate with gephyrin fail to signal to downstream molecules p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, indicating the gephyrin interaction is required for rapamycin-sensitive signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation, RAFT1 mutant analysis, downstream signaling readouts (p70S6K and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation) Science (New York, N.Y.) Medium 10325225
2000 Protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) associates with RAFT1/mTOR, and PKCδ is required for phosphorylation and inactivation of 4E-BP1, stimulating cap-dependent translation. A dominant-negative PKCδ mutant inhibits serum-induced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Co-immunoprecipitation, dominant-negative mutant overexpression, in vitro phosphorylation assay, cap-dependent translation assay The EMBO journal Medium 10698949
2001 Loss-of-function mutation in mouse FRAP/mTOR gene results in embryonic lethality, and rapamycin treatment of early embryos phenocopies the FRAP mutant, demonstrating that mTOR kinase activity is required for embryonic proliferation and patterning in vivo. Genetic mouse knockout/loss-of-function mutation, rapamycin pharmacological inhibition, embryonic phenotyping Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 11707573
2002 TSC2 is directly phosphorylated by Akt, which destabilizes TSC2 and disrupts its interaction with TSC1, and the TSC1-TSC2 complex inhibits mTOR signaling to p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1. This establishes TSC2 as an upstream inhibitor of mTOR acting downstream of Akt. In vitro kinase assay (Akt phosphorylation of TSC2), co-immunoprecipitation (TSC1-TSC2 interaction), Western blot (p70S6K and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation readouts), epistasis Nature cell biology High 12172553
2005 Rheb GTPase binds directly to the mTOR complex through separate interactions with the mTOR catalytic domain and LST8, independently of Rheb's ability to bind TSC2. GTP-charged Rheb (Gln64Leu mutant) associated with mTOR exhibits substantially higher kinase specific activity in vitro, while nucleotide-deficient Rheb mutants bind mTOR but are inhibitory, demonstrating that Rheb-GTP directly activates the mTOR kinase. Co-immunoprecipitation (in vivo and in vitro), in vitro kinase assay with Rheb mutants Current biology : CB High 15854902
2005 mTOR complexed with RICTOR (mTORC2) is the Ser-473 kinase for Akt in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Immunoprecipitated mTOR/RICTOR vesicles phosphorylate Akt on Ser-473 in a PI(3,4,5)P3-stimulated, wortmannin-sensitive manner, and siRNA knockdown of RICTOR suppresses insulin-activated Ser-473 phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assay with immunopurified complexes, siRNA knockdown, PI(3,4,5)P3-stimulated cell-free system The Journal of biological chemistry High 16221682
2011 mTOR phosphorylates Ulk1 on Ser-757 under nutrient-sufficient conditions, disrupting the interaction between Ulk1 and AMPK and thereby preventing Ulk1 activation and autophagy induction. This coordinated phosphorylation by mTOR (inhibitory) and AMPK (activating, Ser-317 and Ser-777) regulates autophagy in response to glucose availability. In vitro kinase assay, phospho-specific antibodies, co-immunoprecipitation, cell-based autophagy assays, mutagenesis of Ulk1 phosphorylation sites Nature cell biology High 21258367
2013 Crystal structures of a truncated mTOR-mLST8 complex with an ATP transition state mimic and ATP-site inhibitors revealed an intrinsically active kinase conformation with catalytic residues and mechanism similar to canonical protein kinases. The active site is recessed due to the FRB domain and an inhibitory helix. The FRB domain acts as a gatekeeper whose rapamycin-binding site interacts with substrates to grant access to the restricted active site; rapamycin-FKBP12 inhibits mTOR by blocking substrate recruitment and further restricting active-site access. mTOR-activating mutations map to the structural framework holding these elements in place. X-ray crystallography (co-crystal structures), in vitro biochemistry, mutagenesis of activating mutations Nature High 23636326
2014 mTOR is activated through a dectin-1-Akt-HIF-1α pathway in monocytes exposed to β-glucan, and this mTOR activation drives aerobic glycolysis (increased glucose consumption, lactate production, elevated NAD+/NADH ratio) as the metabolic basis for trained immunity. Inhibition of Akt, mTOR, or HIF-1α blocked trained immunity induction. Pharmacological inhibition (Akt, mTOR, HIF-1α inhibitors), metabolic flux measurements, genome-wide transcriptome and histone modification profiling, myeloid cell-specific HIF-1α knockout mice Science (New York, N.Y.) High 25258083
2016 Resistance to second-generation mTOR kinase inhibitors (TORKi) arises from activating mutations that increase intrinsic mTOR kinase activity (not active-site mutations blocking drug binding). A third-generation bivalent mTOR inhibitor (RapaLink-1) that simultaneously occupies the rapamycin-binding (FRB) pocket and the ATP-binding site overcomes resistance to both first- and second-generation mTOR inhibitors. Resistance mutation mapping in cell lines, in vitro kinase assays with resistant mTOR mutants, bivalent inhibitor design and functional testing Nature High 27279227

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1. Nature cell biology 5964 21258367
2004 Upstream and downstream of mTOR. Genes & development 3422 15314020
2002 TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling. Nature cell biology 2524 12172553
2014 mTOR- and HIF-1α-mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1776 25258083
2015 mTOR: a pharmacologic target for autophagy regulation. The Journal of clinical investigation 1755 25654547
2010 mTOR regulation of autophagy. FEBS letters 1739 20083114
1994 RAFT1: a mammalian protein that binds to FKBP12 in a rapamycin-dependent fashion and is homologous to yeast TORs. Cell 1264 7518356
1998 RAFT1 phosphorylation of the translational regulators p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 952 9465032
2013 mTOR kinase structure, mechanism and regulation. Nature 847 23636326
2005 Rheb binds and regulates the mTOR kinase. Current biology : CB 796 15854902
2009 Immunoregulatory functions of mTOR inhibition. Nature reviews. Immunology 721 19390566
2020 mTOR signaling pathway and mTOR inhibitors in cancer: progress and challenges. Cell & bioscience 714 32175074
2013 Amino acid signalling upstream of mTOR. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology 714 23361334
2019 Targeting mTOR for cancer therapy. Journal of hematology & oncology 712 31277692
2011 Regulation of immune responses by mTOR. Annual review of immunology 696 22136167
2014 The neurology of mTOR. Neuron 586 25374355
2005 mTOR.RICTOR is the Ser473 kinase for Akt/protein kinase B in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 528 16221682
2006 mTOR, translation initiation and cancer. Oncogene 523 17041626
2019 mTOR Signaling in Cancer and mTOR Inhibitors in Solid Tumor Targeting Therapy. International journal of molecular sciences 461 30754640
2007 Expanding mTOR signaling. Cell research 443 17680028
2013 Where is mTOR and what is it doing there? The Journal of cell biology 436 24385483
2005 An expanding role for mTOR in cancer. Trends in molecular medicine 424 16002336
2006 mTOR and cancer therapy. Oncogene 401 17041628
1994 RAPT1, a mammalian homolog of yeast Tor, interacts with the FKBP12/rapamycin complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 393 7809080
2016 Overcoming mTOR resistance mutations with a new-generation mTOR inhibitor. Nature 388 27279227
2011 mTOR signaling in disease. Current opinion in cell biology 386 21963299
2009 Dissecting the role of mTOR: lessons from mTOR inhibitors. Biochimica et biophysica acta 376 20005306
2008 Rapamycin and mTOR kinase inhibitors. Journal of chemical biology 337 19568796
2016 Molecular neurobiology of mTOR. Neuroscience 326 27889578
2012 Advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques--FRAP, FLIP, FLAP, FRET and FLIM. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 316 22469598
2015 mTOR in Brain Physiology and Pathologies. Physiological reviews 293 26269525
2003 Tuberous sclerosis: from tubers to mTOR. Annals of human genetics 269 12556239
2010 PTEN/mTOR and axon regeneration. Experimental neurology 236 20079353
2017 The Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Insulin Signaling. Nutrients 234 29077002
2016 mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy. F1000Research 226 27635236
2021 Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes in neurodegeneration. Molecular neurodegeneration 224 34215308
2009 The multiple facets of mTOR in immunity. Trends in immunology 224 19362054
2012 mTOR Signaling. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 219 22129599
2004 mTOR signaling to translation. Current topics in microbiology and immunology 212 14560958
2004 mTOR: a protein kinase switching between life and death. Pharmacological research 190 15501691
2018 Abnormal mTOR Activation in Autism. Annual review of neuroscience 171 29490194
2015 Targeting molecules to medicine with mTOR, autophagy and neurodegenerative disorders. British journal of clinical pharmacology 169 26469771
2020 Research progress of mTOR inhibitors. European journal of medicinal chemistry 168 32966896
2012 Adverse events associated with mTOR inhibitors. Expert opinion on drug safety 166 23252795
1999 Interaction of RAFT1 with gephyrin required for rapamycin-sensitive signaling. Science (New York, N.Y.) 161 10325225
2010 Updates of mTOR inhibitors. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry 158 20812900
2006 Therapeutic targets: MTOR and related pathways. Cancer biology & therapy 157 16969122
2018 The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis. International journal of molecular sciences 149 29518028
2007 The biology behind mTOR inhibition in sarcoma. The oncologist 148 17766661
2001 mTOR inhibitors: an overview. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society 148 11443573
2022 The Translational Regulation in mTOR Pathway. Biomolecules 146 35740927
2008 mTOR-what does it do? Transplantation proceedings 146 19100909
2007 Regulation of mTOR by phosphatidic acid? Cancer research 146 17210675
2003 Using FRAP and mathematical modeling to determine the in vivo kinetics of nuclear proteins. Methods (San Diego, Calif.) 146 12543068
2001 FRAP/mTOR is required for proliferation and patterning during embryonic development in the mouse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 146 11707573
2011 Targeting the mTOR kinase domain: the second generation of mTOR inhibitors. Drug discovery today 144 21333749
2018 Review: Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, focal cortical dysplasia and epilepsy. Neuropathology and applied neurobiology 142 29359340
2004 Targeting the molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR). Current opinion in oncology 142 15627018
2013 Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in neurological diseases. Biomedical journal 140 23644232
2017 Myelination and mTOR. Glia 137 29210103
2014 mTOR signaling in tumorigenesis. Biochimica et biophysica acta 136 25450580
2009 mTOR's role in ageing: protein synthesis or autophagy? Aging 131 20157541
2018 Role of mTOR Complexes in Neurogenesis. International journal of molecular sciences 127 29789464
2013 The Paradox of Akt-mTOR Interactions. Frontiers in oncology 125 23802099
2019 The immunobiology of mTOR in autoimmunity. Journal of autoimmunity 117 31831256
2019 Role of mTOR Signaling in Female Reproduction. Frontiers in endocrinology 114 31649622
2013 The mTOR pathway in hepatic malignancies. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 111 23408390
2022 Overview of Research into mTOR Inhibitors. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 108 36014530
2015 Roles of mTOR Signaling in Brain Development. Experimental neurobiology 108 26412966
2009 Key factors in mTOR regulation. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 108 19823764
2002 A novel pathway regulating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Biochemical pharmacology 105 12234610
2019 Roles of mTOR Signaling in Tissue Regeneration. Cells 104 31547370
2008 mTOR, cancer and transplantation. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 97 18785960
2008 mTOR pathway and mTOR inhibitors as agents for cancer therapy. Current cancer drug targets 93 19075588
2012 mTOR signaling pathway and mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy. Hematology/oncology clinics of North America 90 22520976
2009 mTOR: taking cues from the immune microenvironment. Immunology 90 19604300
2015 mTOR inhibitors and diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice 89 26421362
2013 mTOR and lymphocyte metabolism. Current opinion in immunology 85 23722114
2000 Functional interaction between RAFT1/FRAP/mTOR and protein kinase cdelta in the regulation of cap-dependent initiation of translation. The EMBO journal 85 10698949
2012 Deconvoluting mTOR biology. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 82 22214661
2017 Deptor: not only a mTOR inhibitor. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 81 28086984
2017 Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in mTOR Signaling. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 81 28238105
2010 Functional consequences of mTOR inhibition. Current opinion in drug discovery & development 80 20047144
2014 Targeting mTOR network in colorectal cancer therapy. World journal of gastroenterology 79 24764656
2013 mTOR, linking metabolism and immunity. Seminars in immunology 79 23352227
2011 Cardiovascular disease and mTOR signaling. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 79 22732551
2020 The Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): Novel Considerations as an Antiviral Treatment. Current neurovascular research 76 32334502
2013 The mTOR pathway and integrating immune regulation. Immunology 73 23952610
2018 The Development and Enhancement of FRAP as a Key Tool for Investigating Protein Dynamics. Biophysical journal 72 30219286
2014 Hypothalamic mTOR: the rookie energy sensor. Current molecular medicine 72 24236459
2022 Glutamine, MTOR and autophagy: a multiconnection relationship. Autophagy 70 35470752
2020 Targeting mTOR for fighting diseases: A revisited review of mTOR inhibitors. European journal of medicinal chemistry 69 32416459
2008 mTOR signaling: PLD takes center stage. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 68 18927511
2017 Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a potential therapeutic target in various diseases. Inflammopharmacology 67 28417246
2020 mTOR Signaling in Metabolism and Cancer. Cells 64 33065976
2015 Role of mTOR in glioblastoma. Gene 58 26341051
2018 Induction of autophagy by PI3K/MTOR and PI3K/MTOR/BRD4 inhibitors suppresses HIV-1 replication. The Journal of biological chemistry 56 29475942
2010 Inhibitors of mTOR. The oncologist 56 21147869
2018 mTOR Inhibition and Kidney Diseases. Transplantation 55 29369972
2005 Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling revealed by FRAP and FLIP technologies. Current opinion in biotechnology 55 15722012

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for MTOR? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.