| 2002 |
14-3-3 protein directly binds to kinesin heterodimers through interaction with KLC2, and this interaction is phosphorylation-dependent. Mass spectrometry identified Ser575 as the phosphorylation site on KLC2 responsible for the in vivo interaction with 14-3-3. |
Proteomic pulldown from PC12 cells expressing myc-tagged 14-3-3eta, SDS-PAGE/mass spectrometry, interaction studies with KLC2 variants in cultured cells |
Biochemistry |
Medium |
11969417
|
| 2008 |
Conventional kinesin holoenzymes are composed of kinesin-1 homodimers (not heterodimers), and KLC subunits also homodimerize. No specificity was found between kinesin-1 isoforms and KLC1/KLC2, suggesting six variant forms of kinesin exist. Different variants associate with biochemically distinct membrane-bounded organelles (MBOs), suggesting kinesin-1 heavy chains target the holoenzyme to specific cargoes. |
Immunoprecipitation from brain tissue, subcellular fractionation |
Biochemistry |
Medium |
18361505
|
| 2010 |
GSK-3β phosphorylates KLC2 on serine residues upon AMPA stimulation, causing dissociation of the GluR1/KLC2 protein complex and release of AMPA-containing vesicles from the kinesin cargo system. A peptide inhibitor of KLC2 phosphorylation (TAT-KLCpCDK) reduced long-term depression formation. |
Phosphorylation assays, co-immunoprecipitation, peptide inhibitor experiments in neuronal cells, behavioral assays in mice |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Medium |
20534517
|
| 2011 |
LMTK2 signals via protein phosphatase-1C (PP1C) to increase inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β on serine-9, which reduces KLC2 phosphorylation by GSK-3β and promotes binding of the cargo Smad2 to KLC2. siRNA knockdown of LMTK2 reduces Smad2 binding to KLC2 and inhibits TGFβ-induced Smad2 nuclear signalling. |
siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, TGFβ signaling readouts |
Oncogene |
Medium |
21996745
|
| 2011 |
A bipartite tryptophan-based (W-acidic) motif present in vaccinia protein A36 and in over 450 human proteins mediates binding to KLC1 and KLC2. Different proteins containing this motif show distinct preferences for KLC1 versus KLC2. Regions containing this motif from cellular proteins can functionally recruit KLC and promote kinesin-1-dependent virus transport. |
Bioinformatic analysis, functional transport assays using vaccinia as surrogate cargo, co-immunoprecipitation outside infection context |
The EMBO journal |
Medium |
21915095
|
| 2012 |
Crystal structures of the TPR domains of KLC1 and KLC2 were determined by X-ray crystallography. KLC2 residue S328 (corresponding to N343 in KLC1) lacks the ability to form a 'carboxylate clamp' for JIP1 binding, explaining why KLC2, unlike KLC1, does not interact with JIP1. A common groove in both KLC1 and KLC2 TPR domains mediates binding of shared cargoes. |
X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry |
PloS one |
High |
22470497
|
| 2009 |
In C. elegans, the KASH protein UNC-83 interacts with kinesin-1 light chain KLC-2 (identified by yeast two-hybrid and confirmed by in vitro assays), recruits KLC-2 to the nuclear envelope in heterologous tissue culture, and acts as a cargo adaptor for kinesin-1-dependent nuclear migration. A synthetic KLC-2::KASH fusion protein could partially bypass the requirement for UNC-83 in nuclear migration. |
Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding assay, heterologous tissue culture recruitment assay, genetic epistasis with mutant phenotype analysis, synthetic rescue experiment |
Development (Cambridge, England) |
High |
19605495
|
| 2004 |
In C. elegans, UNC-116/KHC and KLC-2 form a complex orthologous to kinesin-1. KLC-2 also binds UNC-16 (JIP3/JSAP1 orthologue) and the UNC-14 RUN domain protein. Localization of UNC-16 and UNC-14 depends on kinesin-1 (UNC-116 and KLC-2). Double mutant analysis places unc-116, klc-2, unc-16, and unc-14 in the same pathway controlling synaptic vesicle component localization. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, genetic epistasis (double-mutant analysis), fluorescent marker localization in mutant backgrounds |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
15563606
|
| 2015 |
Rab1A on melanosomes recruits SKIP/PLEKHM2 as a Rab1A-specific effector, and Rab1A, SKIP, and a kinesin-1/(KIF5b+KLC2) motor form a transport complex that mediates anterograde melanosome transport in melanocytes. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, knockdown with transport phenotype readout, fluorescence microscopy of melanosome movement |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
25649263
|
| 2017 |
Crystal structures of both KLC1 and KLC2 TPR domains including the N-terminal capping helix show that this helix adopts two distinct orientations relative to the TPR domain, generating a hydrophobic pocket and electrostatic variations at the groove surface. Ligand binding in the groove can be specific to one or the other N-terminal capping helix orientation, and the capping helix may serve as a protein-protein interaction site. |
X-ray crystallography, structural comparative analysis |
PloS one |
Medium |
29036226
|
| 2021 |
KLC2 is required for transport of NIS (sodium/iodide symporter) beyond the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane via a tryptophan-acidic (W-acidic) motif adjacent to G561 in NIS. A G561E NIS variant impairs recognition of this motif by KLC2. Knockdown of Klc2 in rat thyroid cells causes defective NIS maturation and decreased iodide accumulation; morpholino knockdown of klc2 in zebrafish causes hypothyroidism. |
Siever sequencing, iodide uptake assays, biochemical interaction assays, siRNA knockdown in thyroid cells, morpholino knockdown in zebrafish, structural bioinformatic analysis |
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism |
Medium |
33912899
|
| 2021 |
KLC2 deficiency in mice causes abnormal mitochondrial transport and downregulation of the GABAA receptor family in cochlear hair cells, leading to low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. AAV-mediated delivery of wild-type Klc2 cDNA rescued hearing thresholds and reduced outer hair cell loss in Klc2-null mice. |
Klc2 knockout mouse model, ABR threshold measurement, immunostaining, AAV gene rescue |
Molecular neurobiology |
Medium |
34014435
|
| 2019 |
KLC2 interacts with Nup358 through a W-acidic motif in Nup358 that is highly conserved among vertebrates. KLC2 and Nup358 form predominantly monomers alone, but their interaction produces 2:2 complexes. The dynein adaptor BicD2 and KLC2 interact simultaneously with Nup358, forming 2:2:2 complexes, suggesting simultaneous recruitment of kinesin-1 and dynein to the nuclear pore. |
In vitro reconstitution, biochemical binding assays, analytical ultracentrifugation or similar biophysical characterization |
Biochemistry |
High |
31756096
|
| 2025 |
In C. elegans, UNC-83c isoform binds KLC-2 with high affinity to promote kinesin-1 activation for plus-end nuclear movement, while UNC-83a/b isoforms contain an N-terminal inhibitory domain that directly binds kinesin heavy chain UNC-116, reducing its affinity for KLC-2 and allowing dynein-mediated transport. AlphaFold predictions identify spectrin-like repeats in the inhibitory domain, genetically confirmed to be essential for dynein-dependent P cell migration. |
Genetic epistasis (C. elegans mutant analysis), in vitro binding assays, AlphaFold structural prediction with genetic validation, isoform-specific functional analysis |
Current biology : CB |
Medium |
40925371
|
| 2018 |
Silencing of KLC1 and KLC2 in neurons inhibited the majority of anterograde HSV enveloped virion transport in axons, while kinesin-1 heavy chain proteins KIF5A, -5B, and -5C also colocalized with HSV particles and were required for transport. Kinesin-3 (KIF1A) silencing had little effect. |
siRNA silencing, fluorescence colocalization, live imaging of anterograde transport in neuronal axons |
Journal of virology |
Medium |
30068641
|
| 2008 |
UPEC type 1 pilus-mediated invasion of bladder cells requires kinesin-1 light chain KLC2, as well as HDAC6 and microtubules. Silencing KLC2 inhibited host cell invasion by UPEC. |
siRNA silencing of KLC2 with invasion assay readout |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Low |
18996840
|
| 2015 |
A homozygous 216-bp deletion in the non-coding upstream region of KLC2 causes SPOAN syndrome by increasing KLC2 expression 48–74% above wild-type levels, as confirmed by luciferase reporter assays in constructs bearing the deletion. Both knockdown and overexpression of klc2 in zebrafish produced a curly-tail phenotype suggestive of neuromuscular disorder. |
Whole-genome sequencing, luciferase reporter assay, klc2 knockdown and overexpression in zebrafish, expression analysis in patient fibroblasts and iPSC-derived motor neurons |
Human molecular genetics |
Medium |
26385635
|
| 2005 |
In C. elegans, UNC-33 (CRMP orthologue) interacts with UNC-14 and KLC-2 in vivo, and its localization to neurites requires UNC-116 (kinesin heavy chain) and KLC-2. Mutations in unc-116 and klc-2 mislocalize UNC-33 to the cell body, implicating kinesin-1 (UNC-116/KLC-2 complex) in axonal transport of UNC-33 for neurite outgrowth. |
Co-immunoprecipitation in vivo (C. elegans), mutant localization analysis, genetic screening |
Journal of neurochemistry |
Medium |
16236031
|
| 2025 |
Structural characterization by cryo-EM and SAXS of a minimal KLC2/Nup358/BicD2 complex reveals a rod-like KLC2/Nup358 structure. Addition of BicD2 increases the complex thickness and shifts stoichiometry toward 2:2:2, suggesting cooperative recruitment of kinesin-1 and dynein to Nup358 modulated by oligomeric state. |
Cryo-electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), reconstituted minimal complex |
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biologypreprint |
Medium |
41648486
|
| 2025 |
In C. elegans, reduced-function mutation in klc-2 alters the superdiffusive retrograde movement of dense core vesicles (DCVs) in ALA neurons, demonstrating that KLC-2 (kinesin-1 light chain) influences DCV transport dynamics even in the retrograde direction. |
Live imaging of DCV trajectories in C. elegans neurons, mathematical modelling of transport statistics across three genetic strains |
Scientific reports |
Low |
40016327
|
| 2025 |
KLC2 mutants identified in CML myeloid blast phase patients promote cell proliferation, decrease imatinib sensitivity, and impair TGF-β-mediated SMAD2/3 activation while enhancing STAT3 phosphorylation. Both wild-type and mutant KLC2 interact with SMAD2, but mutant KLC2 disrupts TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling. |
Immunoprecipitation (KLC2-SMAD2 interaction), immunoblot for STAT3/SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, cell proliferation/apoptosis assays, xenograft mouse model |
Oncology research |
Medium |
41502514
|