| 2000 |
APP (amyloid precursor protein) is transported axonally by directly binding to the TPR domain of the KLC1 subunit of kinesin-I, with an estimated apparent Kd of 15-20 nM and stoichiometry of two APP per KLC. Axonal transport of APP is greatly decreased in KLC1 gene-targeted mouse mutants, establishing KLC1 as essential for anterograde axonal transport of APP. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, sucrose gradient sedimentation, direct in vitro binding assays, KLC1 knockout mouse |
Neuron |
High |
11144355
|
| 2000 |
Sunday driver (SYD/JIP1) directly binds kinesin-I via the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of KLC with Kd ~200 nM, mediating kinesin-dependent axonal transport of at least one class of vesicles. |
Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro interaction studies, co-immunoprecipitation, GFP localization |
Cell |
High |
11106729
|
| 1993 |
The human KLC1 gene encodes a 569-amino acid polypeptide (64,789 Da) with an N-terminal heptad-repeat rod domain and a central/C-terminal domain of 21-mer (tetratricopeptide) repeats; KLC1 mRNA is expressed in most tissues, and the gene was provisionally assigned to human chromosome 14q. |
cDNA cloning, sequencing, bacterial and CHO cell expression, chromosomal assignment |
DNA and cell biology |
Medium |
8274221
|
| 2012 |
KLC1-ALK is a novel oncogenic fusion kinase identified in lung cancer. The KLC1-ALK fusion cDNA confers transforming potential to mouse 3T3 cells, demonstrating that KLC1 coiled-coil sequences can serve as a dimerization module that constitutively activates the ALK kinase domain. |
5'-RACE on FFPE tissue, RT-PCR, FISH confirmation, 3T3 transformation assay |
PloS one |
Medium |
22347464
|
| 2012 |
A 10-amino-acid WD motif in the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of Alcadein-α (Alcα) is necessary and sufficient to interact with part of the KLC1 TPR domain, activating kinesin-1 from its autoinhibited state and driving anterograde vesicular transport. Only a subset of the TPR structure is required for this activation in vivo. |
In vivo transport assays with artificial transmembrane proteins carrying WD motifs, excess KLC1 competition, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) for protein interaction |
Traffic |
High |
22404616
|
| 2009 |
AMPK phosphorylates recombinant GST-KLC1 at Ser520 in vitro, but overexpression of phosphomimetic (S517/520D) or non-phosphorylatable (S517/520A) KLC1 mutants does not alter glucose-stimulated insulin granule movement, indicating that AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of KLC1 at these sites does not regulate kinesin-1-mediated granule transport in β-cells. |
In vitro AMPK kinase assay with purified proteins, 3D live-cell spinning disc confocal imaging, phospho-specific antibody, KLC1 mutant overexpression in MIN6 cells |
Islets |
Medium |
21099273
|
| 2015 |
KLC1 associates with phagosomes carrying photoreceptor outer segment (POS) disk membranes in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and remains associated during bidirectional movement and pauses. KLC1 knockout decreases phagosome run length and impairs phagosome localization and degradation. In aged KLC1 knockout mice, RPE pathogenesis resembling age-related macular degeneration develops, including sub-RPE deposits, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. |
Live-cell imaging, KLC1 knockout mouse model, fluorescence microscopy, histopathology |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
26261180
|
| 2016 |
Deletion of KLC1 in mice impairs anterograde Mn2+ transport from the hippocampal CA3 region to the medial septal nuclei as measured by manganese-enhanced MRI, establishing KLC1 as a contributor to kinesin-1-mediated cargo transport in central nervous system circuits, though the effect is moderate. |
MEMRI (manganese-enhanced MRI) in KLC1 knockout vs. wild-type mice, histology, statistical parametric mapping |
NeuroImage |
Medium |
27751944
|
| 2017 |
Phosphorylation of KLC1 at Thr466 abolishes the conventional interaction between the KLC1 TPR domain and the C-terminal region of JIP1b, eliminating the enhanced fast velocity (EFV) of APP anterograde transport without impairing the novel JIP1b central-region/KLC1 coiled-coil interaction that drives enhanced high frequency (EHF). Phosphorylation of KLC1 Thr466 increases in aged mouse brains, correlating with decreased JIP1 binding to kinesin-1. |
Phosphomimetic/non-phosphorylatable mutagenesis (T466E/T466A), co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell transport velocity analysis, phospho-specific antibody, aged brain analysis |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
29093025
|
| 2018 |
Isothermal titration calorimetry identified seven KLC1 TPR residues critical for JIP1 binding and footprinted the JIP1-binding site on KLC1-TPR. The autoinhibitory LFP-acidic motif of KLC1 marginally inhibits JIP1 binding at this same site, and JIP1 and the W-acidic motif of Alcadein-α compete for the same region of KLC1-TPR. |
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), truncation and mutagenesis of KLC1 TPR fragments, competition binding experiments |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
30026235
|
| 2019 |
DOC2B is phosphorylated on insulin stimulation (at Y301), which enhances its interaction with KLC1 in skeletal muscle. This DOC2B-KLC1 interaction is required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane; Y301 mutation blocks both phosphorylation and KLC1 binding and impairs GLUT4 accumulation, defining a novel KLC1-dependent mechanism for insulin sensitivity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, site-directed mutagenesis (Y301), GLUT4-myc surface accumulation assay in L6 myoblasts, transgenic mouse glucose/insulin tolerance tests |
Diabetologia |
High |
30707251
|
| 2019 |
KLC1 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, and stem cell marker expression in breast cancer, promoting an epithelial/luminal phenotype. Prolactin enhances KLC1 expression and KIF5B-KLC1 interaction, while TGF-β-mediated pro-invasive activity depends on KIF5B but not KLC1. In triple-negative cells, KIF5B accumulates in the nucleus independently of KLC1 to interact with Snail1. |
siRNA knockdown, overexpression, invasion and migration assays, tumor formation assays in multiple breast cancer cell lines, co-immunoprecipitation |
EBioMedicine |
Medium |
31204277
|
| 2021 |
SFPQ-RNA granules interact selectively with a tetrameric kinesin complex containing KLC1 and KIF5A for long-distance axonal transport. The SFPQ-KIF5A/KLC1 interaction is required for axon survival; KIF5A mutations causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease impair this binding. Replacing axonally translated SFPQ-bound proteins prevents axon degeneration in CMT models. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, selective binding assays, axon survival assays in CMT model neurons, rescue experiments with exogenous proteins |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
33284322
|
| 2014 |
Mitochondrial fission protein Dnm1L (dynamin-1-like protein) interacts with KLC1 via the KLC1 TPR domains, but not with KIF5, as determined by yeast two-hybrid screening; Dnm1L and KLC1 co-localize in cultured cells, suggesting KLC1 may mediate post-fission mitochondrial transport. |
Yeast two-hybrid screening, co-localization in cultured cells |
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry |
Low |
25082190
|
| 2024 |
CRMP2 directly binds KLC1, and the CRMP2 R565C mutation (corresponding to zebrafish R566C) abolishes this interaction. Knockdown of klc1a in zebrafish causes defective anterior commissure and postoptic commissure formation, genetically interacting with crmp2 knockdown. These findings establish the CRMP2-KLC1 interaction as necessary for axonal elongation and forebrain commissure formation. |
Transfected cell co-immunoprecipitation with CRMP2 wild-type vs. R566C mutant, klc1a morpholino knockdown in zebrafish, commissure formation imaging |
Developmental neurobiology |
Medium |
38830696
|
| 2024 |
CELF1, an RNA-binding protein whose expression is reduced in Alzheimer's disease brains, directly binds KLC1 RNA and suppresses the production of KLC1 splice variant E (KLC1_vE). Reduced CELF1 leads to increased KLC1_vE, which promotes AD pathogenesis, identifying a splicing regulatory axis linking CELF1 to KLC1 alternative splicing. |
CLIP-seq database analysis, CELF1 depletion and overexpression in cultured cells, transcriptomic correlation in human AD brain samples |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
38768546
|
| 2025 |
KLC1 interacts with dengue virus NS1 protein in mosquito cells (confirmed by proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation). Silencing KLC1 reduces viral genome synthesis, NS1 secretion, and virus progeny by ~1 log. KLC1 or its function is also required for lipid droplet homeostasis; disruption causes lipid droplets to decrease in number and increase in area, suggesting KLC1-mediated lipid droplet transport is required for dengue virus replication. |
Proximity ligation assay, co-immunoprecipitation, transmission immunoelectron microscopy, siRNA silencing, competing peptide interference, lipid droplet imaging |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
40166163
|
| 2025 |
Cryo-EM and biophysical analysis of the intact kinesin-1 heterotetramer reveal that in the autoinhibited state, KLC TPR domains are occluded by docking of kinesin heavy chain (KHC) coiled coil 1 (CC1) onto the KLC TPR domain, forming the 'shoulder' observed by EM. Binding of an activating cargo SLiM (short linear peptide motif) to the KLC TPR domain dislocates this shoulder, freeing motor domains and enabling transition from closed/inactive to open/active states and facilitating MAP7 binding. This identifies cargo-mediated TPR shoulder dislocation as the key initial step in kinesin-1 activation. |
Cryo-EM of full heterotetrameric kinesin-1, protein design, computational modelling, biophysical binding analysis, negative-stain EM |
bioRxivpreprint |
High |
|
| 2025 |
An 8.0-Å cryo-EM structure of the autoinhibited kinesin-1 heterotetramer shows that two KLC subunits are asymmetrically arranged and their TPR cargo-binding domains are occluded, providing structural basis for simultaneous inhibition of motor activity and cargo binding. MAP7D3 binding to KHC coiled coils likely competes with intramolecular coiled-coil interactions to unfurl the autoinhibited structure. |
Cryo-EM (8.0 Å), structural modeling, functional motor activity assays |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
|
| 2025 |
KLC-bound kinesin-1 (KinΔC) on liposomes exhibits partial autoinhibition that reduces microtubule engagement (3-fold lower landing rates vs. constitutively active K543), shortens run lengths, and reduces detachment forces. At 3D microtubule intersections, KinΔC-liposomes preferentially terminate (48%) rather than turn (9%), contrasting with constitutively active motors. The small molecule kinesore, which overcomes KLC-mediated autoinhibition, restores microtubule engagement, confirming that KLC-dependent autoinhibition fine-tunes cargo transport. |
Single-molecule TIRF microscopy, in vitro liposome transport assay with 3D microtubule intersections, optical trapping for detachment forces, kinesore pharmacological rescue |
bioRxivpreprint |
High |
|