Affinage

SYNPO

Synaptopodin · UniProt Q8N3V7

Length
929 aa
Mass
99.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
69 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Synaptopodin (SYNPO) is an actin-associated scaffolding protein that organizes and stabilizes dynamic actin-based compartments in podocytes, neurons, and epithelial/endothelial cells (PMID:15841212, PMID:32938649). It binds F-actin through a central motif and alpha-actinin through its C-terminal domain, elongating alpha-actinin-induced actin filaments and protecting stress fibers from disruption; the alpha-actinin-binding C-terminus is required for dendritic targeting and postsynaptic accumulation (PMID:15841212, PMID:15659229, PMID:18424168). In podocytes SYNPO governs actin architecture by shifting the balance of small GTPases—its loss reduces RhoA and CDC42 activity while increasing Rac1, collapsing stress fibers, expanding focal adhesions, and impairing migration (PMID:32938649, PMID:33615071). It assembles into adhesion and junction complexes with CD2AP, MAGI-2, and alpha-actinin-4 to position actin bundles within foot processes, and SYNPO loss sensitizes the glomerulus to injury in adriamycin and Alport models (PMID:16628251, PMID:41182836, PMID:34029143); loss-of-function mutations that fail to rescue CDC42 activity and migration implicate SYNPO as a candidate monogenic cause of nephrotic syndrome (PMID:33615071). In neurons SYNPO is a component of the spine apparatus ER and the axon initial segment cisternal organelle, where it acts with KLHL17 to maintain spine ER clusters that support activity-dependent spine enlargement, calcium signaling, and downstream ERK/c-Fos activation (PMID:37651441, PMID:21708259), and it cooperates with BAG3 to enable post-synaptic autophagosome–lysosome fusion and clearance of p62 and phospho-tau (PMID:30744518). Beyond the cytoskeleton, SYNPO promotes forward trafficking of BKCa channels to the cell surface in a Rho-dependent manner (PMID:20630939), and its expression is induced by butyrate, IL-13, and laminar shear stress to drive epithelial and endothelial wound healing and barrier integrity (PMID:32398370, PMID:29046486, PMID:24561195); STAT3 signaling sustains SYNPO protein levels against cathepsin L-dependent proteolysis (PMID:25425624).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 2005 High

    Established the core biochemical activity of SYNPO: how a proline-rich protein controls actin architecture, by showing it binds alpha-actinin and elongates alpha-actinin-induced actin filaments across podocytes and neurons.

    Evidence Isoform characterization, co-IP, in vitro actin filament assays, and synpo-/- mouse

    PMID:15659229 PMID:15841212

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve how the central F-actin motif and C-terminal alpha-actinin site coordinate filament bundling quantitatively
    • Mechanism linking actin elongation to spine/foot process morphology not yet defined
  2. 2006 High

    Placed SYNPO in a podocyte adhesion network by demonstrating genetic and physical interaction with CD2AP, showing that combined SYNPO/CD2AP dosage loss causes glomerular disease.

    Evidence Co-IP and bigenic heterozygous mouse models with proteinuria/histopathology readouts

    PMID:16628251

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular contact between SYNPO and CD2AP versus indirect bridging not distinguished
    • Role of Fyn phosphorylation of SYNPO not addressed
  3. 2008 Medium

    Connected SYNPO's actin-stabilizing activity to a functional neuronal output by showing it stabilizes activity-dependent spine enlargement and protects stress fibers.

    Evidence Overexpression in hippocampal neurons with NMDA activation, live spine imaging, and F-actin protection assay

    PMID:18424168

    Open questions at the time
    • Based on overexpression rather than endogenous loss-of-function
    • Did not identify the molecular intermediary linking SYNPO to spine volume persistence
  4. 2011 Medium

    Defined the structural context of SYNPO in the axon initial segment, showing its cisternal-organelle association is activity-independent and requires ankyrin G.

    Evidence In vitro neuronal maturation, immunofluorescence, TTX blockade, detergent extraction, and ankyrin G perturbation

    PMID:21708259

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding partners anchoring SYNPO at the AIS not identified
    • Functional consequence of the cisternal organelle left open
  5. 2014 Medium

    Identified upstream control of SYNPO abundance, showing STAT3 signaling protects SYNPO from cathepsin L proteolysis, and an independent role for SYNPO in endothelial wound healing under shear stress.

    Evidence STAT3 inhibition/knockdown, cytokine and protease-inhibitor treatments, immunoblot; separately laminar shear stress with siRNA/overexpression and wound assays in HUVECs

    PMID:24561195 PMID:25425624

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct STAT3 transcriptional targeting of SYNPO versus indirect stabilization not separated
    • Mechanism by which SYNPO drives endothelial migration unresolved
  6. 2010 High

    Extended SYNPO function beyond cytoskeletal scaffolding to membrane channel trafficking, showing it promotes Rho-dependent surface delivery of BKCa channels.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP, heterologous expression, stable knockdown, surface biotinylation, and electrophysiology

    PMID:20630939

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SYNPO directly chaperones channels or acts indirectly via actin/Rho not resolved
    • Physiological relevance of BKCa trafficking in intact podocytes not tested
  7. 2017 Medium

    Demonstrated cytokine-driven epithelial regulation, with IL-13 inducing SYNPO transcriptionally/epigenetically to control esophageal epithelial motility and barrier/differentiation balance.

    Evidence siRNA, overexpression, wound-healing and barrier assays, IL-13 treatment, and histone modification analysis

    PMID:29046486

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcription factors mediating IL-13 induction not identified
    • Mechanism by which excess SYNPO impairs barrier integrity unclear
  8. 2019 High

    Resolved two distinct postsynaptic mechanisms: SYNPO partners with BAG3 to drive autophagosome-lysosome fusion clearing phospho-tau, and biophysically defined the SYNPO-KIBRA WW-domain interaction.

    Evidence Dual shRNA knockdown with autophagy flux/substrate readouts; separately ITC, CD, and NMR with mutagenesis on KIBRA WW domains

    PMID:30744518 PMID:31597702

    Open questions at the time
    • How SYNPO mechanistically promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion not defined
    • Functional consequence of the KIBRA-SYNPO PPXY interaction in cells not established
  9. 2020 High

    Defined SYNPO as a master regulator of the podocyte GTPase balance and a candidate disease gene, with KO shifting RhoA/Rac1/CDC42 activity and patient mutations failing to rescue CDC42 and migration.

    Evidence CRISPR KO mouse and primary podocytes with GTPase assays, migration assays, adriamycin challenge; whole-exome sequencing with WT-versus-mutant cDNA rescue

    PMID:32938649 PMID:33615071

    Open questions at the time
    • How SYNPO couples to GTPase regulators (GEFs/GAPs) not identified
    • Absence of spontaneous KO phenotype indicates redundancy that is unexplained
  10. 2020 High

    Established a microbiota-host axis whereby butyrate induces SYNPO via HDAC inhibition to maintain intestinal tight junctions and barrier integrity.

    Evidence Knockdown, butyrate/HDAC-inhibitor studies, TEER and wound assays, enteroids, and Synpo KO mouse DSS colitis

    PMID:32398370

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct HDAC target locus driving SYNPO induction not mapped
    • Molecular link between SYNPO and tight-junction assembly unresolved
  11. 2021 Medium

    Showed SYNPO modulates injury responses by regulating myosin IIA redistribution, with its loss accelerating Alport glomerular disease.

    Evidence Synpo x Col4a5 double-mutant mice with albuminuria, EM, and myosin IIA immunofluorescence

    PMID:34029143

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct interaction of SYNPO with myosin IIA versus indirect effect not distinguished
    • Mechanism of foot process effacement contribution incomplete
  12. 2023 High

    Defined the spine apparatus ER mechanism, showing KLHL17 acts with SYNPO to maintain spine ER clusters required for activity-dependent enlargement, calcium signaling, and ERK/c-Fos activation.

    Evidence Klhl17 KO and haploinsufficient mice, expansion microscopy, calcium imaging, ERK/c-Fos assays, and co-IP

    PMID:37651441

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether KLHL17 acts as a Cullin3 adaptor toward SYNPO not tested
    • How spine ER clustering mechanistically gates calcium events unresolved
  13. 2025 Medium

    Mapped additional structural and tissue-specific partners, placing SYNPO in a podocyte MAGI-2/alpha-actinin-4 complex and in muscle Z-discs binding filamin C.

    Evidence Podocyte MAGI-2 KO mice with co-IP and actin localization; isoform/localization characterization and co-IP for FLNc in muscle cells

    PMID:41182836 PMID:41941933

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of the SYNPO-FLNc interaction in muscle physiology not tested
    • Hierarchy of SYNPO binding among actin, alpha-actinin, MAGI-2, and FLNc unresolved
  14. 2026 Medium

    Extended SYNPO function to cerebrovascular integrity, identifying N-cadherin (cdh2) as a downstream effector whose supplementation rescues vascular leakage in synpo mutants.

    Evidence CRISPR synpo mutant zebrafish, epinephrine challenge, transcriptomics, and cdh2 mRNA rescue

    PMID:41992887

    Open questions at the time
    • How SYNPO transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally regulates cdh2 not defined
    • Cell type mediating the cerebrovascular phenotype not pinpointed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How SYNPO mechanistically couples actin scaffolding to the small-GTPase switches (RhoA/Rac1/CDC42) and to ER/organelle positioning across its diverse tissue contexts remains unresolved.
  • No GEF/GAP intermediary linking SYNPO to GTPase regulation identified
  • No structural model of full-length SYNPO with actin and alpha-actinin
  • Unifying mechanism across podocyte, neuronal, and epithelial roles not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 5 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 5 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 2 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
ACTN4BAG3CD2APFLNCKCNMA1KLHL17MAGI2WWC1
Complex memberships
axon initial segment cisternal organellepodocyte MAGI-2/alpha-actinin-4 complexspine apparatus

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 Synaptopodin exists in three isoforms (Synpo-short, Synpo-long, Synpo-T); all three specifically interact with alpha-actinin and elongate alpha-actinin-induced actin filaments, thereby regulating the actin-bundling activity of alpha-actinin in podocyte foot processes and dendritic spines. Isoform characterization, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro actin filament assays, gene silencing in podocytes, synpo-/- mouse model The Journal of clinical investigation High 15841212
2005 Synaptopodin associates with both F-actin (via a central SYNPO motif) and alpha-actinin (via the C-terminal domain); the alpha-actinin-binding C-terminal domain is essential for dendritic targeting and postsynaptic accumulation of SYNPO in primary neurons. Yeast two-hybrid, biochemical co-sedimentation assays, ectopic expression in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, domain-deletion analysis in primary neurons Journal of neurochemistry High 15659229
2006 CD2AP physically associates with both Fyn and Synaptopodin (but not Neph1) in podocytes; bigenic heterozygosity of Cd2ap with Synpo (or Fyn) results in spontaneous proteinuria and FSGS-like glomerular damage, demonstrating genetic and functional interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation, bigenic heterozygous mouse models, proteinuria assays, histopathology The Journal of clinical investigation High 16628251
2008 SYNPO stabilizes activity-dependent increases in dendritic spine volume; overexpression of SYNPO in primary hippocampal neurons caused persistent spine enlargement after NMDA receptor activation, and SYNPO protected F-actin stress fibers from staurosporine-induced disruption in non-neuronal cells. Overexpression in primary hippocampal cultures, pharmacological NMDA receptor activation, live imaging of spine volume, F-actin protection assay in PtK2 cells Molecular and cellular neurosciences Medium 18424168
2010 Synaptopodin reciprocally co-immunoprecipitates with BKCa (Slo1) channels in mouse glomeruli, podocytes, and HEK293T cells; Synpo interacts with BKCa at C-terminal domains overlapping the actin-binding domain; Synpo coexpression increases steady-state surface expression of BKCa channels (effect on forward trafficking rate), and this effect is blocked by Rho inhibition; sustained actin depolymerization also reduces functional surface BKCa. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, heterologous expression in HEK293T, stable Synpo knockdown in podocyte cell lines, surface biotinylation, electrophysiology American journal of physiology. Renal physiology High 20630939
2011 In the axon initial segment (AIS), synaptopodin-positive elements associated with the cisternal organelle are present from day 6 in vitro; synpo expression in the AIS is independent of neuronal activity and resistant to detergent extraction, indicating association with scaffolding/cytoskeleton proteins; presence of ankyrin G is required for acquisition and maintenance of the cisternal organelle. In vitro maturation of hippocampal neurons, immunofluorescence, TTX blockade, detergent extraction, ankyrin G perturbation Molecular and cellular neurosciences Medium 21708259
2014 STAT3 signaling maintains steady-state SYNPO protein levels in podocytes; inhibition of STAT3 (by Stattic or siRNA knockdown) rapidly decreases Synpo mRNA and protein via cathepsin L-dependent proteolysis; IL-6-driven STAT3 activation increases Synpo; angiotensin II reduces STAT3 signaling and concurrently reduces Synpo protein, prevented by cathepsin L inhibition but not calcineurin blockade. Small-molecule inhibitor (Stattic), siRNA knockdown, protease inhibitor (E-64), cytokine treatment (IL-6, Ang II), immunoblot, wound migration assay in podocyte cell line Molecular pharmacology Medium 25425624
2017 SYNPO is induced transcriptionally and epigenetically by IL-13 in esophageal epithelial cells; SYNPO colocalizes with actin filaments in the basal epithelial layer; SYNPO gene silencing reduces epithelial motility in wound healing, whereas SYNPO overexpression impairs epithelial barrier integrity and reduces esophageal differentiation. siRNA knockdown, SYNPO overexpression, wound-healing assay, barrier integrity assay, IL-13 treatment, biopsy immunostaining, histone modification analysis JCI insight Medium 29046486
2019 BAG3 facilitates autophagic flux in post-synaptic neurites through physical interaction with SYNPO; loss of either BAG3 or SYNPO impedes autophagosome-lysosome fusion predominantly in the post-synaptic compartment, leading to accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 and phospho-MAPT (Ser262) in autophagosomes at post-synaptic densities. shRNA knockdown of BAG3 and SYNPO in mature cultured neurons, autophagy flux assays (LC3, SQSTM1, cathepsin L), immunofluorescence co-localization, pharmacological autophagy blockade (bafilomycin, chloroquine) Autophagy Medium 30744518
2019 The WW2 domain of KIBRA remains largely disordered when bound to a two-PPXY motif polypeptide of SYNPO; SYNPO binds the tandem WW1-WW2 domain in an antiparallel manner (WW1 domain binds the second PPXY motif of SYNPO); the interaction of disordered WW2 with SYNPO is significantly weaker than SYNPO's interactions with the well-folded WW1 domain. Isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism, solution NMR chemical shift perturbation analysis, site-directed mutagenesis (I81W) The Journal of biological chemistry High 31597702
2020 Loss of SYNPO in podocytes causes loss of stress fibers, increased number and size of focal adhesions, impaired cell migration, decreased RhoA activity, and increased Rac1 activation; SYNPO-null mice do not develop spontaneous kidney disease but are more susceptible to adriamycin nephropathy. CRISPR/Cas9 complete gene deletion mouse model, primary cultured podocytes, GTPase activity assays (RhoA, Rac1), adriamycin nephropathy challenge, immunofluorescence, migration assays Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN High 32938649
2020 Microbiota-derived butyrate selectively induces SYNPO expression in intestinal epithelial cells via histone deacetylase inhibition; SYNPO localizes to tight junctions and F-actin stress fibers; depletion of SYNPO impairs epithelial barrier function and wound healing; microbiota depletion abrogates colonic SYNPO expression rescued by butyrate repletion; Synpo-deficient mice show exacerbated DSS colitis and increased intestinal permeability. SYNPO knockdown, butyrate treatment, HDAC inhibitor studies, wound healing assay, barrier integrity assay (TEER), Synpo KO mouse DSS colitis model, immunofluorescence localization, enteroid cultures Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 32398370
2020 Loss-of-function mutations in SYNPO lead to decreased CDC42 activity and reduced podocyte migration rate, both rescued by overexpression of wild-type SYNPO cDNA but not by cDNA representing the patient mutation, identifying SYNPO as a candidate monogenic cause of nephrotic syndrome. Whole-exome sequencing, podocyte migration assay, CDC42 GTPase activity assay, rescue by wild-type vs. mutant cDNA overexpression Kidney international reports Medium 33615071
2021 Absence of SYNPO in Alport syndrome mice (Col4a5 mutants) accelerates disease progression with more severe proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis; loss of Synpo attenuates the shift of myosin IIA from the podocyte cell body to actin cables near the glomerular basement membrane in areas of foot process effacement. Double-mutant mouse generation (Synpo × Col4a5), albuminuria measurements, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence for myosin IIA localization American journal of physiology. Renal physiology Medium 34029143
2023 KLHL17 modulates the synaptic distribution of SYNPO; SYNPO is embedded in the ER network of dendritic spines (spine apparatus); KLHL17 and SYNPO act in concert such that disruption of the KLHL17–SYNPO association or Klhl17 KO reduces the proportion of dendritic spines containing ER clusters, impairs activity-dependent spine enlargement, alters calcium events at spines, and reduces ERK phosphorylation and c-Fos expression. Mouse genetic models (Klhl17 haploinsufficiency and KO), super-resolution expansion microscopy, calcium imaging at dendritic spines, ERK phosphorylation assays, c-Fos immunostaining, co-IP to assess KLHL17–SYNPO interaction PLoS biology High 37651441
2014 Laminar shear stress upregulates SYNPO expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells; siRNA-mediated suppression of SYNPO attenuates wound closure under LSS, while overexpression of SYNPO enhances endothelial wound closure, establishing SYNPO as a key mediator of endothelial wound healing. Laminar shear stress exposure, mRNA profiling, siRNA knockdown, SYNPO overexpression, endothelial wound healing assay FEBS letters Medium 24561195
2025 MAGI-2 forms a protein complex with Synaptopodin and α-actinin-4 in podocytes; loss of MAGI-2 in podocytes causes actin bundles to shift toward the basement membrane; co-expression of MAGI-2 with these partners relocates the actin cytoskeleton toward cell-cell contacts. Podocyte-specific MAGI-2 knockout mice, co-immunoprecipitation to map binding domains, co-expression in cultured podocytes, immunofluorescence for actin localization Kidney360 Medium 41182836
2026 Synaptopodin maintains cerebrovascular homeostasis by positively regulating cdh2 (N-cadherin); synpo mutant zebrafish show elevated cerebrovascular leakage after epinephrine challenge and higher incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage; cdh2 mRNA supplementation rescues the cerebrovascular leakage in synpo mutants. CRISPR/Cas9 synpo mutant zebrafish, epinephrine challenge assay, transcriptomic profiling of mutant brains, mRNA rescue experiment for cdh2 Yi chuan = Hereditas Medium 41992887
2026 In striated and smooth muscle cells, SYNPO localizes to myofibrillar Z-discs, intercalated discs, and partially colocalizes with sarcoplasmic reticulum-associated STIM1; SYNPO binds filamin C (FLNc) via a small region homologous to the FLNc-binding region of SYNPO2, in addition to its known interactions with actin and α-actinin. Isoform characterization at RNA and protein levels, immunostaining of tissue sections, co-immunoprecipitation/protein interaction studies, transfection of SYNPO isoforms in skeletal myotubes and smooth muscle cells Experimental cell research Medium 41941933
2025 Synpo KO rats generated by CRISPR-Cas9 lack the Synpo-dependent dendritic spine apparatus and cisternal organelles in the axon initial segment (AIS); inhibitory synapses in the wild-type AIS cluster preferentially near cisternal organelles, a pattern disrupted in KO rats where synapses are more uniformly distributed; LTP is reduced in KO rats. CRISPR-Cas9 KO rat, 3D electron microscopy reconstruction of dendritic spines and AIS, LTP electrophysiology, synaptic quantification bioRxivpreprint Medium 41394584

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 69 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Synaptopodin regulates the actin-bundling activity of alpha-actinin in an isoform-specific manner. The Journal of clinical investigation 255 15841212
2020 Microbiota-derived butyrate dynamically regulates intestinal homeostasis through regulation of actin-associated protein synaptopodin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 239 32398370
2014 Proteomic and genomic evidence implicates the postsynaptic density in schizophrenia. Molecular psychiatry 134 25048004
2006 Bigenic mouse models of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis involving pairwise interaction of CD2AP, Fyn, and synaptopodin. The Journal of clinical investigation 122 16628251
2023 The chaperone-assisted selective autophagy complex dynamics and dysfunctions. Autophagy 94 36594740
2014 Podocyte injury caused by indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor ligand. PloS one 90 25244654
2012 Deep RNA sequencing reveals novel cardiac transcriptomic signatures for physiological and pathological hypertrophy. PloS one 82 22523601
2019 BAG3 and SYNPO (synaptopodin) facilitate phospho-MAPT/Tau degradation via autophagy in neuronal processes. Autophagy 77 30744518
2005 Synaptopodin, a molecule involved in the formation of the dendritic spine apparatus, is a dual actin/alpha-actinin binding protein. Journal of neurochemistry 64 15659229
2020 Machine-learning-driven biomarker discovery for the discrimination between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 61 33318199
2020 Synaptopodin Is Dispensable for Normal Podocyte Homeostasis but Is Protective in the Context of Acute Podocyte Injury. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 58 32938649
2011 Marker expression, behaviors, and responses vary in different lines of conditionally immortalized cultured podocytes. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 58 21632959
2008 Synaptopodin maintains the neural activity-dependent enlargement of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 51 18424168
2017 Diagnostic Potential of Neural Exosome Cargo as Biomarkers for Acute Brain Injury. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 50 29376087
2009 Functional analysis of promoter mutations in the ACTN4 and SYNPO genes in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 39 19666657
2020 PLCE1 regulates the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of podocytes. Experimental & molecular medicine 37 32238860
2017 Spinal miRNA-124 regulates synaptopodin and nociception in an animal model of bone cancer pain. Scientific reports 36 28887457
2010 Regulation of podocyte BK(Ca) channels by synaptopodin, Rho, and actin microfilaments. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 36 20630939
2014 Overexpression of Toll-like receptor 8 correlates with the progression of podocyte injury in murine autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Scientific reports 31 25468389
2011 In vitro maturation of the cisternal organelle in the hippocampal neuron's axon initial segment. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 30 21708259
2017 Synaptopodin is upregulated by IL-13 in eosinophilic esophagitis and regulates esophageal epithelial cell motility and barrier integrity. JCI insight 29 29046486
2011 Accuracy in copy number calling by qPCR and PRT: a matter of DNA. PloS one 29 22174923
2014 Early growth response 4 is involved in cell proliferation of small cell lung cancer through transcriptional activation of its downstream genes. PloS one 27 25411851
2017 An iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals dysregulation of neocortical synaptopodin in Lewy body dementias. Molecular brain 25 28800743
2015 Exome Sequence Data From Multigenerational Families Implicate AMPA Receptor Trafficking in Neurocognitive Impairment and Schizophrenia Risk. Schizophrenia bulletin 20 26405221
2022 Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System Disrupts the Cytoskeletal Architecture of Human Urine-Derived Podocytes. Cells 19 35406662
2022 Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on patients with diabetic kidney disease: A preliminary study on the basis of podocyturia. Journal of diabetes 17 35229458
2019 Dynamic Regulation of Synaptopodin and the Axon Initial Segment in Retinal Ganglion Cells During Postnatal Development. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 17 31417359
2011 Messenger RNA expression of B7-1 and NPHS1 in urinary sediment could be useful to differentiate between minimal-change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adult patients. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 17 21414970
2021 Synaptopodin deficiency exacerbates kidney disease in a mouse model of Alport syndrome. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 15 34029143
2014 Expression of synaptopodin in endothelial cells exposed to laminar shear stress and its role in endothelial wound healing. FEBS letters 15 24561195
2013 Close relations between podocyte injuries and membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis in autoimmune murine models. American journal of nephrology 15 23817053
2024 Novel immune cross-talk between inflammatory bowel disease and IgA nephropathy. Renal failure 10 38628140
2023 Autism-related KLHL17 and SYNPO act in concert to control activity-dependent dendritic spine enlargement and the spine apparatus. PLoS biology 9 37651441
2020 Identification of potential gene drivers of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of microarray data. Medicine 9 32991423
2019 Intrinsic disorder and amino acid specificity modulate binding of the WW2 domain in kidney and brain protein (KIBRA) to synaptopodin. The Journal of biological chemistry 9 31597702
2018 Across-Experiment Transcriptomics of Sheep Rumen Identifies Expression of Lipid/Oxo-Acid Metabolism and Muscle Cell Junction Genes Associated With Variation in Methane-Related Phenotypes. Frontiers in genetics 9 30177952
2021 Podocyte Injury Through Interaction Between Tlr8 and Its Endogenous Ligand miR-21 in Obstructed and Its Collateral Kidney. Frontiers in immunology 8 33552064
2021 Identification of key carcinogenic genes in Wilms' tumor. Genes & genetic systems 8 34334530
2020 Therapeutic potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells and renal progenitor cells in experimental chronic kidney disease. Stem cell research & therapy 8 33298161
2023 Reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 and AMPK by Ginsenoside compound K impedes the conversion from plasma cells to mitigate for podocyte injury in MRL/lpr mice in a B cell-specific manner. Journal of ginseng research 7 38465215
2022 Integrated Bioinformatics and Clinical Correlation Analysis of Key Genes, Pathways, and Potential Therapeutic Agents Related to Diabetic Nephropathy. Disease markers 7 35637650
2014 STAT3 regulates steady-state expression of synaptopodin in cultured mouse podocytes. Molecular pharmacology 7 25425624
2023 Derivation of the Immortalized Cell Line UM51-PrePodo-hTERT and Its Responsiveness to Angiotensin II and Activation of the RAAS Pathway. Cells 6 36766685
2022 Chorioamnionitis Causes Kidney Inflammation, Podocyte Damage, and Pro-fibrotic Changes in Fetal Lambs. Frontiers in pediatrics 6 35444963
2020 Generation of Monogenic Candidate Genes for Human Nephrotic Syndrome Using 3 Independent Approaches. Kidney international reports 6 33615071
2025 Benzo[b]fluoranthene is involved in idiopathic membranous nephropathy by inducing podocyte injury. Journal of translational internal medicine 3 40443401
2024 CMAP prediction and experimental validation of Forskolin as a podocyte protective and anti-proteinuric drug for nephrotoxic serum-treated mice. Biochemical pharmacology 3 39716644
2021 Urinary mRNA Expression of Glomerular Podocyte Markers in Glomerular Disease and Renal Transplant. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 3 34441433
2025 Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Inhibits Transient Expression of Autophagy and Synaptic Proteins in Developing Brain. Obstetrics and gynecology research 2 40084086
2025 Ligature-induced periodontitis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease dysregulates neuroinflammation, exacerbates cognitive impairment, and accelerates amyloid pathology. Brain, behavior, & immunity - health 2 40094122
2021 Consensus gene modules related to levels of bone mineral density (BMD) among smokers and nonsmokers. Bioengineered 2 34743649
2021 Fetal Central Nervous System Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential for Non-invasive Tracking of Viral Mediated Fetal Brain Injury. Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) 2 40012720
2025 Transcriptomic Dysregulation in Animal Models of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Nicotine Dependence Suggests Shared Neural Mechanisms. Brain and behavior 1 40135637
2025 Delayed inactivation of TRPC6 as a determinative characteristic of FSGS-associated variants. The Journal of biological chemistry 1 40409549
2025 Calcium overload via PVT1 reprograms neutrophil fate and constrains gastric cancer progression. Journal of translational medicine 1 40775351
2025 Characterization of Proteome Features in Patients With Aortic Stenosis Using Data-Independent Acquisition-Based Proteomic Analysis. Korean circulation journal 1 41044724
2025 Transcriptomics and proteomics association analysis demystify the molecular mechanisms underlying epididymal sperm maturation disorders in yaks with cryptorchidism. Journal of animal science 1 41217791
2025 Trehalose alleviates nephropathy in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis via the upregulation of the WT-1/EZH2 pathway. Frontiers in pharmacology 1 41282610
2026 Fetal Neuronal Vesicles in the Assessment of Perinatal Brain Dysfunction and Late-Onset Growth Restriction: A Pilot Study. International journal of molecular sciences 0 41596330
2026 Structural plasticity of the axon initial segment in hippocampal granule cells after entorhinal denervation. Brain research bulletin 0 41730480
2026 Transcriptomic signature of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 type C pathology. Brain : a journal of neurology 0 41789476
2026 Characterization of synaptopodin in striated and smooth muscles: isoform spectrum, expression patterns, localization and protein interactions. Experimental cell research 0 41941933
2026 The mechanism of synpo in intracerebral hemorrhage using a zebrafish model. Yi chuan = Hereditas 0 41992887
2025 Trametinib ameliorated Adriamycin-induced podocyte injury by inhibiting METTL3 modified m6A RCAN1 RNA methylation. European journal of pharmacology 0 40287046
2025 Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase Inverted 2 Regulates the Organization of Podocyte Actin Cytoskeleton through Its Interaction with α -Actinin-4 and Synaptopodin. Kidney360 0 41182836
2025 Modelling APOL1-mediated kidney inflammation and fibrosis using a partially reprogrammed urine-derived SIX2-positive renal progenitor cell line. Stem cell research & therapy 0 41225540
2025 TangNaikang Formula Alleviates Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating the SHIP2/PI3K/AKT Pathway. Journal of diabetes research 0 41311427
2025 Synaptopodin KO rat for assessing the dendritic spine apparatus and axonal cisternal organelle in synaptic plasticity, development, and behavior. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41394584

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