Affinage

SUMO2

Small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 · UniProt P61956

Length
95 aa
Mass
10.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 38 papers cited in narrative 38 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SUMO2 is a small ubiquitin-like modifier that, unlike SUMO1, carries an internal ψKxE consensus motif allowing it to be polymerized into SUMO2/3 chains by the SAE1/SAE2 E1 and Ubc9 E2 machinery, building a dynamic conjugation system that decorates hundreds of predominantly nuclear substrates (PMID:11451954, PMID:20797634, PMID:24782567). Substrate-selective conjugation is directed by distinct E3 ligases—PIASy on mitotic chromosomes, RanBP2 within the chromosomal passenger complex, PIAS3 in the DNA damage response, PIAS4 on stress-granule TDP-43, and ZNF451-1 at PML bodies—and is read out by SUMO-interacting-motif (SIM) proteins whose acidic/phosphorylated flanks tune paralog selectivity (PMID:16524884, PMID:15933717, PMID:18946085, PMID:25406032, PMID:27343429, PMID:39982984). A major functional output is coupling to protein turnover: SUMO2 chains recruit the STUbL RNF4 to drive proteasomal degradation of substrates such as JARID1B, CFTR NBD1, and misfolded polyQ proteins (PMID:25772364, PMID:26627832, PMID:30559154). Through these conjugation–deconjugation cycles SUMO2 governs mitotic chromosome segregation and centromere assembly, restrains DNA replication origin firing via cyclin E, orchestrates chromatin modifiers in the DNA damage response, controls circadian BMAL1 turnover, and suppresses a noncanonical type I interferon response redundantly with SUMO3 (PMID:15933717, PMID:18644859, PMID:23673635, PMID:25772364, PMID:29891701, PMID:31485003). Removal of SUMO2/3 is carried out by isoform-selective SENP/Ulp proteases (SENP3, SENP6, SENP7, SUSP1), whose structures reveal a SENP6/7 Loop1 insertion that confers poly-SUMO2 chain specificity and whose deconjugation activity feeds into proliferation, centromere maintenance, and inflammatory and osteoclast signaling (PMID:17000875, PMID:20181954, PMID:31485003, PMID:36334780, PMID:24424631, PMID:29352108, PMID:32049023). SUMO2 is the essential, predominant embryonic SUMO isoform—Sumo2-null mice die at ~E10.5 while Sumo3-null mice are viable—and conditional neuronal loss impairs hippocampal LTP and memory, establishing physiological roles in development and synaptic plasticity (PMID:24891386, PMID:32910521).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 32 steps
  1. 2001 High

    Established the defining biochemical property distinguishing SUMO2 from SUMO1—its capacity to form polymeric chains—answering how a single modifier could generate higher-order signals.

    Evidence In vitro conjugation with purified SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9 plus in vivo chain detection

    PMID:11451954

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define which E3 ligases catalyze chain formation in vivo
    • Did not establish functional consequences of chains
  2. 2004 High

    Resolved the SUMO2 fold and identified C-terminal surface charge differences from SUMO1 as a structural basis for paralog-specific behavior.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of human SUMO-2 at 1.2 Å with comparison to SUMO-1

    PMID:15479240

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural correlate of distinct localization inferred, not demonstrated
    • No bound partner in the structure
  3. 2006 High

    Defined how SUMO2 is recognized non-covalently, showing a SIM beta-strand engages SUMO2 with flanking acidic/phosphorylated residues encoding paralog selectivity.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, bioinformatics and NMR mapping of SIM-SUMO2 interface

    PMID:16524884

    Open questions at the time
    • Selectivity rules derived from limited SIM set
    • In vivo functional impact of paralog discrimination not tested
  4. 2005 High

    Connected SUMO2 chains to a specific cellular process by identifying PIASy as the E3 driving Topoisomerase-II SUMO2 conjugation required for sister chromatid segregation.

    Evidence Immunodepletion and chromatin assays in Xenopus egg extracts with PIASy mutants

    PMID:15933717

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which SUMO2-TopoII enables segregation not fully resolved
    • Mammalian validation not in this study
  5. 2008 High

    Demonstrated a complete mitotic SUMO2/3 conjugation-deconjugation cycle on Borealin, defining RanBP2 as writer and SENP3 as eraser for a CPC substrate.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro SUMOylation, siRNA and cell synchronization

    PMID:18946085

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of Borealin SUMO2/3 cycling for CPC activity not fully defined
  6. 2008 High

    Linked SUMO2/3 to circadian timing and to coupled degradation, showing poly-SUMO2/3 of BMAL1 promotes transactivation and proteasomal turnover at PML bodies.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis (K259), co-IP, proteasome inhibition, SUSP1 manipulation

    PMID:18644859

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the BMAL1 E3 ligase not established
    • Ubiquitin ligase coupling SUMO to degradation not named here
  7. 2006 High

    Identified a SUMO2/3-selective protease (SUSP1) acting on poly-SUMO2/3 substrates, establishing chain-length-selective deconjugation and PML-body homeostasis.

    Evidence Vinyl sulfone inhibitors, model substrate assays, siRNA and EGFP-SUMO imaging

    PMID:17000875

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous physiological substrates not defined
    • Mechanism of chain-length preference structurally unexplained at the time
  8. 2010 High

    Defined the SUMO2 acceptor-site code and phospho-cross-talk through proteome-scale site mapping, revealing canonical and non-canonical motifs.

    Evidence Site-specific MS proteomics using engineered trypsin-cleavable SUMO-2

    PMID:20797634

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional importance of each site not tested
    • HCSM and inverted-motif recognition determinants unknown
  9. 2010 High

    Tied SENP3-driven SUMO2/3 removal from PML to proliferation control under oxidative stress, showing SUMOylated PML is antiproliferative.

    Evidence SENP3 siRNA, reconstitution with SUMO-deficient PML, proliferation and colocalization assays

    PMID:20181954

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream proliferative effectors of PML deSUMOylation not delineated
  10. 2013 High

    Established a SUMO2/3 brake on DNA replication by showing cyclin E is the predominant chromatin SUMO2/3 target limiting origin firing in early S phase.

    Evidence Xenopus cell-free replication, immunodepletion, chromatin fractionation, SUMO inhibition

    PMID:23673635

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase for chromatin cyclin E SUMO2/3 not identified
    • Molecular link from cyclin E SUMOylation to origin licensing unresolved
  11. 2013 Medium

    Implicated SUMO2 in proteostasis of disease aggregates, identifying PIAS1 as an E3 modulating mutant huntingtin solubility.

    Evidence E3 ligase screen, in vitro SUMOylation, insoluble fraction analysis, PIAS1 manipulation

    PMID:23871671

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab screen without reciprocal in vivo validation
    • Direct link to clearance machinery not resolved
  12. 2014 High

    Scaled SUMO2 site mapping to >1000 lysines, enabling systematic dissection of cell cycle, transcription and DNA repair substrates.

    Evidence His6-SUMO2(T90K) with Lys-C diGly remnant IP and MS

    PMID:24782567

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequences of most sites untested
    • E3/protease assignments per-site not made
  13. 2014 High

    Showed SUMO2/3 conjugation acts as a phospho-gated apoptotic switch on DBC1, with ATM/ATR phosphorylation steering DBC1 from SENP1 to PIAS3 to release p53.

    Evidence Co-IP, PIAS3/SENP1/SUMO2/3 knockdowns, SUMO-deficient DBC1 mutant, etoposide and apoptosis assays

    PMID:25406032

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the phospho-switch in ligase/protease choice not defined
  14. 2014 Medium

    Linked SUMO2/3 to replication-coupled chromatin assembly via direct CAF-1 p150 SIM binding that recruits SUMO2/3 to replication foci.

    Evidence Co-IP, p150 residue 98-105 mutagenesis, siRNA, replication-foci immunofluorescence

    PMID:19919826

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the SUMO2/3-modified target at foci not pinned down here
    • Single-lab finding
  15. 2015 High

    Defined substrate-specific SUMO2 outcomes in the DDR—degradation of JARID1B via RNF4 versus chromatin recruitment of JARID1C—showing SUMO can route substrates to opposite fates.

    Evidence Quantitative SILAC SUMO-2 proteomics, siRNA, chromatin fractionation, ubiquitylation assays

    PMID:25772364

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants selecting degradation versus recruitment unclear
  16. 2015 High

    Connected SUMO2 to conformational quality control, showing Hsp27/Ubc9 conjugate SUMO2 to misfolded CFTR NBD1 for RNF4-dependent degradation.

    Evidence In vitro SUMOylation with purified components, K447R mutagenesis, Hsp27 co-IP, proteasome assays

    PMID:26627832

    Open questions at the time
    • How Hsp27 selects SUMO2 over other paralogs mechanistically unresolved
    • In-cell relevance for F508del trafficking not fully established
  17. 2016 Medium

    Added ZNF451-1 as a SUMO2/3-specific E3 that fine-tunes PML levels cooperatively with RNF4.

    Evidence In vitro SUMOylation, E3 mechanism mutants, RNAi and PML body quantification

    PMID:27343429

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab; in vivo physiological role of ZNF451-1 not established
  18. 2016 Medium

    Revealed a non-conjugative SUMO2 function, showing SUMO2 directly binds calcineurin A to drive its nuclear localization and cardiac hypertrophy independent of conjugation.

    Evidence cDNA screen, NFAT reporter, SUMO2-ΔGG mutant, AAV9 in vivo cardiac expression, co-IP

    PMID:27767176

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab; structural basis of the conjugation-independent interaction not defined
  19. 2018 High

    Established the structural and regulatory features of SUMO2 chains, defining K11 acetylation (erased by SIRT1) as a topology modulator restricting chain length and shifting linkage usage.

    Evidence In vitro chain assays with acetyl-mimic SUMO2, MS chain-linkage proteomics, SIRT1 identification

    PMID:30201799

    Open questions at the time
    • Writer of SUMO2 K11 acetylation not identified
    • Physiological contexts of acetylation-controlled topology untested
  20. 2018 High

    Identified a paralog-specific SUMO2-PCNA signal generated by RECQ5 that recruits CAF1/FACT to resolve transcription-replication conflicts.

    Evidence Proteomics of SUMO2-PCNA complexes, SIM-dependent interaction and histone deposition assays, ChIP, DSB quantification

    PMID:30006506

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase generating SUMO2-PCNA on transcribed chromatin not named
    • Why SUMO2 but not SUMO3 is selected unresolved
  21. 2018 High

    Demonstrated redundant, paralog-specific suppression of innate immunity, with SUMO2/3 loss triggering a noncanonical IFN response independent of IRF3/IRF7.

    Evidence SUMO2/SUMO3 knockouts and IRF3/IRF7 double-knockout epistasis with IFN readouts

    PMID:29891701

    Open questions at the time
    • The noncanonical IFN-inducing sensor/pathway not identified
    • Relevant SUMO2/3 substrates suppressing IFN unknown
  22. 2018 High

    Placed SUMO2/3 deconjugation within inflammatory signaling, showing SENP3-mediated MKK7 deSUMOylation enhances JNK/TLR4 signaling in macrophages.

    Evidence Conditional SENP3 KO mice, LPS assays, JNK phosphorylation, MKK7-JNK co-IP, septic shock model

    PMID:29352108

    Open questions at the time
    • MKK7 SUMO acceptor site and writer E3 not defined here
  23. 2018 Medium

    Linked SUMO2/3 to centrosome-cycle control via cell-cycle-resolved ATF5 SUMOylation that dislodges ATF5 from the centrosome.

    Evidence Cell synchronization, centrosomal co-IP, SUMO-deficient ATF5 mutant, genomic instability assays

    PMID:29326161

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab; E3/protease controlling ATF5 cycling not identified
  24. 2014 Low

    Proposed a cytoplasmic, non-degradative SUMO2 role in cap-dependent translation by promoting eIF4E-eIF4G assembly.

    Evidence eIF4E-eIF4G co-IP, SUMO2 overexpression/knockdown, 4EGI-1 rescue, polysome profiling

    PMID:24971752

    Open questions at the time
    • Single Co-IP with partial follow-up, not independently replicated
    • Whether SUMO2 acts via conjugation unclear
  25. 2019 High

    Defined a proteolysis-independent role for SUMO2/3 chains in centromere assembly, with SENP6 group-deSUMOylating the CCAN to maintain CENP loading.

    Evidence SENP6 knockdown proteomics, cell cycle analysis, centromere immunofluorescence, proteasome inhibitor controls

    PMID:31485003

    Open questions at the time
    • How SUMO chains stabilize CCAN without triggering degradation mechanistically unclear
  26. 2019 Medium

    Extended SUMO2-RNF4 clearance to neurodegenerative aggregates, showing SUMO2/3-RNF4 promotes polyQ-ataxin-7 degradation.

    Evidence Co-IP, PLA, RNF4/SUMO2 overexpression, SCA7 knockin mouse

    PMID:30559154

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 SUMO ligase for ATXN7 not identified
    • Therapeutic relevance untested
  27. 2019 Medium

    Provided the structural basis for SUMO2 maturation/deconjugation by SENP1 via the C-terminal QQTGG motif engaging the catalytic triad.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of SENP1-SUMO2 noncovalent complex at 2.62 Å

    PMID:31045562

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional mutagenesis validation in this study
  28. 2020 High

    Established a physiological osteoclast role for SUMO2/3 deconjugation, with SENP3 removing SUMO3 from IRF8 to permit NFATc1-driven osteoclastogenesis.

    Evidence Myeloid-specific SENP3 KO mice, co-IP, K310 mutagenesis, ovariectomy bone-loss model

    PMID:32049023

    Open questions at the time
    • Writer E3 for IRF8 SUMO3 not defined
    • Mechanism by which IRF8 SUMOylation limits NFATc1 not detailed
  29. 2020 High

    Demonstrated SUMO2's physiological requirement in the nervous system, with conditional neuronal loss impairing LTP and memory absent transcriptional/morphological changes.

    Evidence Forebrain-specific Sumo2 KO mice, behavioral tests, LTP electrophysiology

    PMID:32910521

    Open questions at the time
    • Synaptic SUMO2 substrates mediating plasticity not identified
  30. 2022 High

    Provided the definitive structural explanation for SENP6/7 poly-SUMO2 specificity via a unique Loop1 insertion contacting SUMO2.

    Evidence Crystal structure of SENP7-SUMO2 with SENP2-Loop1 chimera comparison

    PMID:36334780

    Open questions at the time
    • Chain-disassembly processivity mechanism not fully resolved
  31. 2022 Medium

    Identified γ-actin as a cardioprotective SUMO2 substrate whose modification at K68/K284 promotes nuclear deposition and DNA-damage repair.

    Evidence Strep-SUMO2 affinity MS, K68R/K284R mutagenesis, MI and hypoxia-reoxygenation models

    PMID:35864967

    Open questions at the time
    • E3/protease for γ-actin SUMO2 not identified
    • Single-lab finding
  32. 2025 Medium

    Revealed metabolic regulation of SUMO2 itself, with ferroptosis-induced K11 lactylation impairing SUMO2-ACSL4 interaction to remodel lipid metabolism.

    Evidence SUMOylation proteomics, co-IP, metabolomics, AARS1/HDAC1 writer-eraser identification, xenografts

    PMID:41057295

    Open questions at the time
    • Interplay of K11 lactylation with K11 acetylation not reconciled
    • Single-lab finding

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The sensor and substrates underlying SUMO2/3-mediated suppression of noncanonical type I interferon, and the determinants that route a SUMO2-modified substrate toward degradation, recruitment, or non-degradative stabilization, remain unresolved.
  • No identified IFN-inducing sensor for SUMO2/3 loss
  • No general rule predicting SUMO2-driven substrate fate
  • E3 assignments missing for many physiological substrates

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0031386 protein tag activity 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005694 chromosome 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005730 nucleolus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 3 R-HSA-9909396 Circadian clock 1
Partners
BMAL1PCNAPIAS4RNF4SENP3SENP6SENP7UBE2I
Complex memberships
PML nuclear bodychromosomal passenger complexconstitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN)

Evidence

Reading pass · 38 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 contain an internal consensus SUMOylation motif (ψKXE), enabling SAE1/SAE2 (E1) and Ubc9 (E2) to catalyze the formation of polymeric SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 chains on protein substrates in vitro; SUMO-2 chains were also detected in vivo. This chain-forming capacity is not shared by SUMO-1. In vitro conjugation assay with purified SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9; in vivo detection of SUMO-2 chains The Journal of biological chemistry High 11451954
2006 A SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) was defined that forms a beta-strand binding to the beta2-strand of SUMO2 in parallel or antiparallel orientation; a stretch of acidic/phosphorylated residues flanking the SIM determines specificity for distinct SUMO paralogues including SUMO2 versus SUMO1. Yeast two-hybrid, bioinformatics, NMR spectroscopy mapping of binding surfaces The Journal of biological chemistry High 16524884
2004 Crystal structure of truncated human SUMO-2 (residues 9–93) determined at 1.2 Å resolution; the fold (βββαββαβ) is identical to ubiquitin and SUMO-1, but a surface region near the C-terminus shows significantly different charge distribution compared to SUMO-1, which may explain distinct intracellular localizations. X-ray crystallography (molecular replacement, R3 space group, 1.2 Å resolution) European journal of biochemistry High 15479240
2005 PIASy, a PIAS-family SUMO E3 ligase, binds mitotic chromosomes, recruits Ubc9, and is specifically required for SUMO-2 conjugation of Topoisomerase-II on mitotic chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts; PIASy depletion eliminated essentially all chromosomal SUMO-2-conjugated species and blocked anaphase sister chromatid segregation. Immunodepletion from Xenopus egg extracts, chromatin binding assays, epistasis with PIASy chromatin-binding mutants The EMBO journal High 15933717
2006 SUSP1 (SENP/Ulp family protease) localizes in the nucleoplasm and has strong paralogue bias toward SUMO2/3; it acts preferentially on substrates bearing three or more SUMO2/3 moieties, antagonizing formation of highly conjugated SUMO2/3 species. Depletion of SUSP1 causes redistribution of EGFP-SUMO2/3 into enlarged PML bodies. Vinyl sulfone inhibitors, model substrate assays, siRNA depletion with fluorescence microscopy of EGFP-SUMO fusions The Journal of cell biology High 17000875
2008 Borealin (chromosomal passenger complex component) is preferentially modified by SUMO2/3 during early mitosis. The SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 interacts with the CPC and stimulates SUMO2/3 modification of Borealin in vitro and in vivo; the SUMO isopeptidase SENP3 specifically binds Borealin and removes SUMO2/3, delineating a mitotic SUMO2/3 conjugation–deconjugation cycle. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro SUMOylation assay, siRNA knockdown, cell synchronization Molecular biology of the cell High 18946085
2008 BMAL1 is predominantly conjugated to poly-SUMO2/3 (not SUMO1) under physiological circadian conditions; this modification localizes BMAL1 to PML nuclear bodies and promotes both its transactivation and ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Mutation of the BMAL1 sumoylation site (K259) blocked ubiquitination and proteolysis; covalent SUMO3 attachment restored these effects. SUSP1 (SUMO2/3-specific protease) abolished both sumoylation and ubiquitination of BMAL1. Site-directed mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, proteasome inhibitor treatment, SUSP1 overexpression/knockdown Molecular and cellular biology High 18644859
2010 Mass spectrometry identified 103 SUMO-2 acceptor lysines in endogenous target proteins: 76 in canonical ψKxE motifs, 8 in an inverted consensus [ED]xK[VILFP], and 16 in a newly defined hydrophobic cluster SUMOylation motif (HCSM). Cross-talk between SUMOylation and phosphorylation was observed with a preferred spacer of four residues. Site-specific mass spectrometry proteomics using mutant SUMO-2 with engineered trypsin cleavage site Molecular cell High 20797634
2010 SENP3, a SUMO2/3-specific protease, is stabilized by low-dose H2O2 (mild oxidative stress), co-localizes with PML bodies, and removes SUMO2/3 from PML; this de-conjugation is responsible for accelerated cell proliferation. Only SUMOylated PML (not a SUMOylation-deficient mutant) inhibits cell proliferation, demonstrating that SUMO2/3 conjugation of PML suppresses proliferation. siRNA knockdown of SENP3, reconstitution with wild-type vs. SUMOylation-mutant PML, cell proliferation assays, co-localization imaging The Journal of biological chemistry High 20181954
2013 PIAS1 is an E3 SUMO ligase for both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 modification of mutant huntingtin (HTT). SUMO-2 modification of HTT regulates accumulation of insoluble HTT in HeLa cells in a manner mimicking proteasome inhibition; this can be modulated by PIAS1 overexpression and acute knockdown. Systematic E3 ligase screen, in vitro SUMOylation assays, co-immunoprecipitation, insoluble fraction analysis, PIAS1 knockdown/overexpression Cell reports Medium 23871671
2013 Cyclin E is dynamically SUMOylated by SUMO2/3 on chromatin during early S phase in a Xenopus cell-free system, independently of Cdk2 activity and origin activation. Cyclin E is the predominant SUMO2/3 target on chromatin in early S phase; SUMO pathway inhibition increased the density of activated replication origins, indicating SUMO2/3-cyclin E conjugation limits replication origin firing. Xenopus cell-free replication system, immunodepletion, chromatin fractionation, SUMO pathway inhibition Nature communications High 23673635
2014 Proteome-wide identification using SUMO2(T90K) with engineered Lys-C cleavage site revealed >1000 sumoylated lysines in 539 proteins, enabling systematic study of SUMO2 modification sites involved in cell cycle, transcription, and DNA repair. His6-SUMO2(T90K) expression, Lys-C digestion, diGly remnant immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry Science signaling High 24782567
2014 DBC1 (SIRT1 inhibitor) is specifically modified by SUMO2/3, not SUMO1, in response to DNA damage. ATM/ATR-mediated phosphorylation of DBC1 switches its binding from SENP1 to PIAS3, increasing SUMO2/3 conjugation. SUMOylated DBC1 enhances DBC1-SIRT1 interaction, releasing p53 from SIRT1-mediated repression to enable p53-dependent apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown of PIAS3/SENP1/SUMO2/3, SUMOylation-deficient DBC1 mutant, etoposide treatment, apoptosis assays Nature communications High 25406032
2014 SUMO2 is the predominantly expressed SUMO isoform during embryogenesis; Sumo2-null mouse embryos exhibit severe developmental delay and die at ~E10.5, whereas Sumo3-null mice are viable, demonstrating that SUMO2 is essential while SUMO3 is dispensable for embryonic development. Gene knockout mouse models (Sumo2-/- and Sumo3-/- null mutants), genetic analysis of compound mutants EMBO reports High 24891386
2015 SUMO-2 orchestrates chromatin modifiers in the mammalian DNA damage response (DDR): 20 SUMO-2 conjugates were upregulated and 33 downregulated upon MMS treatment. SUMOylated JARID1B (KDM5B) is ubiquitylated by RNF4 (SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase) and degraded by the proteasome; in contrast, JARID1C is recruited to chromatin to demethylate H3K4, demonstrating substrate-specific functional outcomes of SUMO-2 modification in the DDR. Quantitative SUMO-2 proteomics (SILAC), siRNA knockdown, chromatin fractionation, ubiquitylation assays Cell reports High 25772364
2015 Non-native conformers of CFTR NBD1 are recognized by Hsp27, which collaborates with Ubc9 to selectively conjugate SUMO-2 (not other SUMO paralogs) to NBD1 at K447; this SUMO-2 modification leads to RNF4-dependent ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. SUMOylation was greater for F508del NBD1 than wild-type in vitro with purified components, and was reduced by stabilizing mutations. In vitro SUMOylation with purified components, site-directed mutagenesis (K447R), Hsp27 co-immunoprecipitation, intrinsic fluorescence, proteasome assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 26627832
2016 ZNF451 isoform 1 (ZNF451-1) functions as a SUMO2/3-specific E3 ligase for PML and selected PML body components in vitro; in vivo, ZNF451-1 RNAi depletion stabilizes PML and increases PML body number, indicating it fine-tunes physiological PML levels cooperatively with RNF4. In vitro SUMOylation assays, mutational analysis of E3 ligase mechanism, RNAi depletion, PML body quantification by immunofluorescence The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology Medium 27343429
2018 SUMO2/3 conjugation of PCNA (specifically SUMO2, not SUMO1 or SUMO3) is induced on transcribed chromatin by the RNAPII-bound helicase RECQ5; SUMO2-PCNA enriches histone chaperones CAF1 and FACT via their SUMO-interacting motifs, enhances CAF1-dependent histone deposition, increases repressive chromatin marks at common fragile sites, and dislodges RNAPII to resolve transcription-replication conflicts. Proteomic analysis of SUMO2-PCNA complexes, SIM-dependent interaction assays, histone deposition assays, ChIP, DSB quantification in RECQ5-deficient cells Nature communications High 30006506
2018 Acetylation of SUMO2 at lysine K11 is reversible, with SIRT1 acting as the K11 deacetylase. In a purified in vitro system, K11 acetylation impairs SUMO2/3 chain formation and restricts chain length. Mimicking K11 acetylation in cells alters chain architecture by favoring K5- and K35-linked chains while inhibiting K7 and K21 linkages, demonstrating K11 acetylation as a modulator of SUMO2/3 chain topology. In vitro chain formation assay with acetyl-mimic SUMO2, MS-based SUMO proteomics, SIRT1 deacetylase identification, acetyl-mimic K11Q mutant analysis in cells EMBO reports High 30201799
2018 Loss of SUMO2/3 (but not SUMO1) results in a spontaneous, potent type I interferon response that is independent of all known IFN-inducing pathways (IRF3 and IRF7 not required), demonstrating that SUMO2 and SUMO3 redundantly and specifically suppress a noncanonical IFN induction mechanism. Genetic knockout of SUMO2 and SUMO3, IRF3/IRF7 double-knockout epistasis, IFN response measurement Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 29891701
2018 DeSUMOylation of MKK7 by the SUMO2/3-specific protease SENP3 promotes MKK7 binding to JNK, enhancing JNK phosphorylation and downstream TLR4 inflammatory signaling in macrophages. ROS-dependent SENP3 accumulation and MKK7 deSUMOylation occur rapidly after LPS stimulation. SENP3 conditional knockout in myeloid cells compromises TLR4 signaling and protects against septic shock. Conditional SENP3 knockout mice, LPS stimulation assays, JNK phosphorylation measurement, co-immunoprecipitation of MKK7-JNK, in vivo septic shock model The Journal of biological chemistry High 29352108
2019 SENP6, a poly-SUMO2/3-specific protease, regulates the constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) through group de-SUMOylation of >180 interconnected proteins. SENP6 deficiency impairs CENP-T, CENP-W, and CENP-A accumulation at centromeres, causes G2/M accumulation and micronuclei formation. Increased SUMO chains do not lead to proteasomal degradation of CCAN subunits, demonstrating a proteolysis-independent function of SUMO2/3 polymers. SENP6 knockdown proteomics, cell cycle analysis, immunofluorescence of centromere proteins, proteasome inhibitor experiments Nature communications High 31485003
2020 SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation of IRF8 at K310 (SUMO3 modification) in bone-marrow-derived monocytes promotes osteoclast differentiation by upregulating NFATc1; SENP3 deficiency in BMDMs increases IRF8 SUMO3 modification and suppresses osteoclastogenesis, protecting against ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Conditional SENP3 knockout mice (myeloid-specific), co-immunoprecipitation, site-specific mutagenesis (K310), ovariectomy bone loss model Cell reports High 32049023
2020 Conditional deletion of SUMO2 predominantly in forebrain neurons causes marked impairments in episodic and fear memory and a significant deficit in hippocampal long-term potentiation maintenance, without constitutive changes in gene expression or neuronal morphology, implicating dynamic SUMO2 conjugation in synaptic plasticity. Conditional Sumo2 knockout mice (forebrain neuron-specific), behavioral cognitive tests, electrophysiology (LTP measurement) FASEB journal High 32910521
2021 During oxidative stress, TDP-43 is SUMOylated by SUMO2/3 via the E3 ligase PIAS4 and enriches in cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs); pharmacological inhibition of SUMO2/3-ylation or PIAS4 depletion causes irreversible TDP-43 aggregation. RNA binding to TDP-43 antagonizes PIAS4-mediated SUMO2/3-ylation, while RNA dissociation promotes it, indicating SUMO2/3 conjugation stabilizes cytosolic RNA-free TDP-43 against aggregation. PIAS4 depletion, pharmacological inhibition, stress granule assembly/disassembly experiments, co-IP, RNA-binding mutant analysis Science advances High 39982984
2016 SUMO2 activates Calcineurin-NFAT signaling and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through a direct interaction between SUMO2 and calcineurin A (CnA) that promotes CnA nuclear localization; this effect is sumoylation-independent, as a sumoylation-deficient SUMO2-ΔGG mutant replicates the Cn-NFAT activation and hypertrophic phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. cDNA library screen, NFAT luciferase reporter assay, sumoylation-deficient mutant (ΔGG), AAV9-mediated in vivo cardiac SUMO2 expression, co-immunoprecipitation of SUMO2-CnA Scientific reports Medium 27767176
2014 SUMO2 modification of PCNA (via p150 subunit of CAF-1 interaction): the p150 subunit of chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) interacts directly and preferentially with SUMO2/3 through residues 98-105; p150 depletion causes delocalization of SUMO2/3 from DNA replication foci, and p150 mutants deficient in SUMO2/3 interaction markedly reduce SUMO2/3 at replication foci. Co-immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis of p150 (residues 98-105), siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence at BrdU/PCNA replication foci Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 19919826
2022 Crystal structure of the SENP7 catalytic domain bound to SUMO2 reveals that a unique Loop1 insertion in SENP7 makes specific contacts with SUMO2 that are absent in other SENP family members, establishing the structural basis for SENP6/7's SUMO2/3 isoform preference and poly-SUMO2 chain dismantling activity. X-ray crystallography of SENP7-SUMO2 complex, structure-function comparison with SENP2-Loop1 chimera Journal of molecular biology High 36334780
2014 Crystal structure of SENP2-Loop1 chimera (containing the SENP6/7 Loop1 insertion) in complex with SUMO2 at 2.15 Å shows unique interface contacts exclusive to SENP6/7; the Loop1 chimera displays enhanced proteolytic activity toward diSUMO2 and polySUMO2 substrates, confirming Loop1 as determinant for SUMO2/3 activity and specificity. X-ray crystallography of chimeric SENP2-Loop1/SUMO2 complex, in vitro protease activity assays with diSUMO2 and polySUMO2 substrates Protein science High 24424631
2019 Crystal structure of SENP1 catalytic domain in noncovalent complex with SUMO2 at 2.62 Å resolution shows that complex formation is driven by polar interactions and limited hydrophobic contacts; the SUMO2 C-terminal QQTGG motif protrudes into the SENP1 catalytic triad, providing the structural basis for SUMO2 maturation and deSUMOylation. X-ray crystallography of SENP1-SUMO2 noncovalent complex Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications Medium 31045562
2008 SMT3IP1 (nucleolar SUMO-specific protease) preferentially removes SUMO-2 from nucleophosmin (NPM) in both nucleolar and cytoplasmic compartments; catalytically inactive SMT3IP1 mutant increases SUMO-2-modified NPM in a dominant-negative manner; SUMO-2 conjugation of cytoplasmic mutant NPM is markedly elevated in an ARF-dependent manner. Yeast two-hybrid identification of NPM as SMT3IP1 substrate, dominant-negative catalytic mutant, ARF-dependent SUMOylation analysis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 18639523
2018 ATF5 is modified by SUMO2/3 at a conserved consensus site; SUMOylation of ATF5 is elevated in G1 phase and diminished in G2/M phase. SUMO2/3 modification disrupts ATF5 interaction with centrosomal proteins, dislodging ATF5 from the centrosome at end of M phase. Blockade of ATF5 SUMOylation deregulates the centrosome cycle, impedes ATF5 translocation, and causes genomic instability and G2/M arrest. Cell cycle synchronization, co-immunoprecipitation with centrosomal proteins, SUMOylation-deficient mutant, genomic instability assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 29326161
2019 SUMOylation of polyQ-ataxin-7 (polyQ-ATXN7) by SUMO2/3 recruits the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase RNF4; overexpression of RNF4 and/or SUMO2 significantly decreases polyQ-ATXN7 levels and increases its polyubiquitination upon proteasome inhibition, demonstrating a SUMO2-dependent degradation pathway for misfolded ataxin-7. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, proximity ligation assay, RNF4/SUMO2 overexpression, SCA7 knockin mouse model analysis Disease models & mechanisms Medium 30559154
2025 Ferroptosis induces lactylation of SUMO2 at K11 (SUMO2-K11la); this modification impairs the interaction between SUMO2 and ACSL4, facilitating ACSL4 degradation, disrupting lipid metabolism, and mitigating ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. AARS1 is the lactyltransferase and HDAC1 is the delactylase for SUMO2-K11la. SUMOylation proteomics, co-IP assays, metabolomic profiling, identification of AARS1 as lactyltransferase and HDAC1 as delactylase, cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor, xenograft models Cell discovery Medium 41057295
2014 SUMO2 interacts with and promotes cap-dependent mRNA translation by enhancing the interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G to form the active eIF4F complex; SUMO2 overexpression partially reverses the effect of 4EGI-1 (eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor), while SUMO2 knockdown impairs cap-dependent translation and promotes apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation of eIF4E-eIF4G, SUMO2 overexpression/shRNA knockdown, 4EGI-1 rescue assay, polysome profiling PloS one Low 24971752
2001 SMRZ (striated muscle RING zinc finger protein) interacts with SMT3b (SUMO2) through its RING domain; this interaction is abolished by mutagenesis of conserved RING domain residues, and SMRZ localizes to the nucleus in muscle cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, RING domain mutagenesis, transient transfection with nuclear localization imaging The Journal of biological chemistry Low 11283016
2012 ARHGAP21 (a RhoGAP modulating cell migration via Cdc42 and FAK) is specifically modified by SUMO2/3 at lysine K1443; SUMO2/3-modified ARHGAP21 co-localizes with SUMO2/3 in cytoplasm and membrane compartments, and its SUMOylation may be related to cell proliferation. Mass spectrometry identification of modified form, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro SUMOylation, immunofluorescence FEBS letters Low 22922005
2022 γ-actin is SUMOylated by SUMO2 at K68 and K284 in cardiomyocytes; SUMOylation promotes nuclear deposition of γ-actin and DNA damage repair. SUMO2 silencing decreased nuclear γ-actin and exacerbated DNA damage; K68R/K284R double mutant γ-actin failed to protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-reoxygenation challenge. Strep-SUMO2 affinity purification with MALDI-TOF-MS identification, site-directed mutagenesis (K68R/K284R), in vivo myocardial infarction model, H9c2 hypoxia-reoxygenation model International journal of biological sciences Medium 35864967

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 Polymeric chains of SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 are conjugated to protein substrates by SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9. The Journal of biological chemistry 697 11451954
2006 Specification of SUMO1- and SUMO2-interacting motifs. The Journal of biological chemistry 441 16524884
2010 Site-specific identification of SUMO-2 targets in cells reveals an inverted SUMOylation motif and a hydrophobic cluster SUMOylation motif. Molecular cell 270 20797634
2006 Distinct and overlapping sets of SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 target proteins revealed by quantitative proteomics. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 254 17000644
2004 A proteomic study of SUMO-2 target proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 183 15175327
2014 Proteome-wide identification of SUMO2 modification sites. Science signaling 177 24782567
2014 SUMO2 is essential while SUMO3 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development. EMBO reports 161 24891386
2008 Dual modification of BMAL1 by SUMO2/3 and ubiquitin promotes circadian activation of the CLOCK/BMAL1 complex. Molecular and cellular biology 138 18644859
2006 SUSP1 antagonizes formation of highly SUMO2/3-conjugated species. The Journal of cell biology 129 17000875
2008 Loss of SUMO1 in mice affects RanGAP1 localization and formation of PML nuclear bodies, but is not lethal as it can be compensated by SUMO2 or SUMO3. Journal of cell science 127 19033381
2005 PIASy mediates SUMO-2 conjugation of Topoisomerase-II on mitotic chromosomes. The EMBO journal 123 15933717
2021 Circular RNA circRNF13 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via SUMO2. Molecular cancer 116 34465340
2015 SUMO-2 Orchestrates Chromatin Modifiers in Response to DNA Damage. Cell reports 112 25772364
2008 RanBP2 and SENP3 function in a mitotic SUMO2/3 conjugation-deconjugation cycle on Borealin. Molecular biology of the cell 97 18946085
2013 SUMO-2 and PIAS1 modulate insoluble mutant huntingtin protein accumulation. Cell reports 96 23871671
2006 NXP-2 association with SUMO-2 depends on lysines required for transcriptional repression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 16567619
2010 SENP3-mediated de-conjugation of SUMO2/3 from promyelocytic leukemia is correlated with accelerated cell proliferation under mild oxidative stress. The Journal of biological chemistry 92 20181954
2009 Novel proteomics strategy brings insight into the prevalence of SUMO-2 target sites. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 74 19240082
2003 Modification of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) family members, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3. The Journal of biological chemistry 74 12810706
2014 Identification and analysis of endogenous SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 targets in mammalian cells and tissues using monoclonal antibodies. Nature protocols 65 24651501
2015 Analysis of the SUMO2 Proteome during HSV-1 Infection. PLoS pathogens 64 26200910
2004 Crystal structures of the human SUMO-2 protein at 1.6 A and 1.2 A resolution: implication on the functional differences of SUMO proteins. European journal of biochemistry 64 15479240
2019 The poly-SUMO2/3 protease SENP6 enables assembly of the constitutive centromere-associated network by group deSUMOylation. Nature communications 62 31485003
2011 Expanded click conjugation of recombinant proteins with ubiquitin-like modifiers reveals altered substrate preference of SUMO2-modified Ubc9. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 57 21898723
2014 Traceless preparation of C-terminal α-ketoacids for chemical protein synthesis by α-ketoacid-hydroxylamine ligation: synthesis of SUMO2/3. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 53 25244549
2018 SUMO2 conjugation of PCNA facilitates chromatin remodeling to resolve transcription-replication conflicts. Nature communications 50 30006506
2016 A Serial shRNA Screen for Roadblocks to Reprogramming Identifies the Protein Modifier SUMO2. Stem cell reports 49 26947976
2018 SUMO2 and SUMO3 redundantly prevent a noncanonical type I interferon response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 48 29891701
2018 DeSUMOylation of MKK7 kinase by the SUMO2/3 protease SENP3 potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory signaling in macrophages. The Journal of biological chemistry 44 29352108
1998 Insertion of a bovine SMT3B gene in NS4B and duplication of NS3 in a bovine viral diarrhea virus genome correlate with the cytopathogenicity of the virus. Virus research 43 9833880
2011 Absolute SILAC-compatible expression strain allows Sumo-2 copy number determination in clinical samples. Journal of proteome research 41 21830832
2014 Modification of DBC1 by SUMO2/3 is crucial for p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Nature communications 39 25406032
2014 SUMO2/3 is associated with ubiquitinated protein aggregates in the mouse neocortex after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 37 25352045
1998 Characterization of mouse ubiquitin-like SMT3A and SMT3B cDNAs and gene/pseudogenes. Biochemistry and molecular biology international 37 9891849
2012 Moderate hypothermia induces marked increase in levels and nuclear accumulation of SUMO2/3-conjugated proteins in neurons. Journal of neurochemistry 36 22891650
2001 A novel human striated muscle RING zinc finger protein, SMRZ, interacts with SMT3b via its RING domain. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 11283016
2020 SENP3 Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis by De-conjugating SUMO2/3 from IRF8 in Bone Marrow-Derived Monocytes. Cell reports 35 32049023
2023 Paralogue-Specific Roles of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 in Protein Quality Control and Associated Diseases. Cells 34 38201212
2015 Involvement of activated SUMO-2 conjugation in cardiomyopathy. Biochimica et biophysica acta 32 25857621
2014 Proteome-wide analysis of SUMO2 targets in response to pathological DNA replication stress in human cells. DNA repair 32 25497329
2016 The SUMO2/3 specific E3 ligase ZNF451-1 regulates PML stability. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 30 27343429
2015 SENP3 regulates the global protein turnover and the Sp1 level via antagonizing SUMO2/3-targeted ubiquitination and degradation. Protein & cell 30 26511642
2018 Acetylation of SUMO2 at lysine 11 favors the formation of non-canonical SUMO chains. EMBO reports 29 30201799
2011 SUMO2 and SUMO3 transcription is differentially regulated by oxidative stress in an Sp1-dependent manner. The Biochemical journal 28 21291420
2015 Non-native Conformers of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator NBD1 Are Recognized by Hsp27 and Conjugated to SUMO-2 for Degradation. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 26627832
2021 LncRNA SNHG3 Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through miR-515-5p/SUMO2 Axis. Technology in cancer research & treatment 25 34032148
2014 High glucose induces sumoylation of Smad4 via SUMO2/3 in mesangial cells. BioMed research international 25 24971350
2013 PIASγ enhanced SUMO-2 modification of Nurr1 activation-function-1 domain limits Nurr1 transcriptional synergy. PloS one 24 23358114
2014 Comprehensive identification of SUMO2/3 targets and their dynamics during mitosis. PloS one 22 24971888
2011 The mouse small ubiquitin-like modifier-2 (SUMO-2) inhibits interleukin-12 (IL-12) production in mature dendritic cells by blocking the translocation of the p65 subunit of NFκB into the nucleus. Molecular immunology 22 21632113
2025 SUMO2/3 conjugation of TDP-43 protects against aggregation. Science advances 21 39982984
2019 SUMOylation by SUMO2 is implicated in the degradation of misfolded ataxin-7 via RNF4 in SCA7 models. Disease models & mechanisms 21 30559154
2015 KSHV latent protein LANA2 inhibits sumo2 modification of p53. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 20 25607652
2022 SUMOylation of Nuclear γ-Actin by SUMO2 supports DNA Damage Repair against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. International journal of biological sciences 19 35864967
2013 SUMO2/3 modification of cyclin E contributes to the control of replication origin firing. Nature communications 19 23673635
2009 The p150 subunit of CAF-1 causes association of SUMO2/3 with the DNA replication foci. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 19919826
2011 Ubiquitin-intein and SUMO2-intein fusion systems for enhanced protein production and purification. Protein expression and purification 18 22178731
2024 SumoPred-PLM: human SUMOylation and SUMO2/3 sites Prediction using Pre-trained Protein Language Model. NAR genomics and bioinformatics 17 38327870
2020 Small ubiquitin-like modifier 2 (SUMO2) is critical for memory processes in mice. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 17 32910521
2018 Silencing SUMO2 promotes protection against degradation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells through p53 signaling pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration. Bioscience reports 17 29700214
2012 Transient ischemia induces massive nuclear accumulation of SUMO2/3-conjugated proteins in spinal cord neurons. Spinal cord 17 22945749
2016 Dynamic regulation of HIF1Α stability by SUMO2/3 and SENP3 in the human placenta. Placenta 16 27016777
2016 IL-6 induced proliferation and cytotoxic activity of CD8(+) T cells is elevated by SUMO2 overexpression. Archives of pharmacal research 16 27071615
2014 Structural insights into the SENP6 Loop1 structure in complex with SUMO2. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 16 24424631
2008 SMT3IP1, a nucleolar SUMO-specific protease, deconjugates SUMO-2 from nucleolar and cytoplasmic nucleophosmin. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 15 18639523
2022 SUMO2-mediated SUMOylation of SH3GLB1 promotes ionizing radiation-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through mitophagy activation. European journal of pharmacology 14 35487252
2016 Sumoylation-independent activation of Calcineurin-NFAT-signaling via SUMO2 mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Scientific reports 14 27767176
2022 Multiplexed Delivery of Synthetic (Un)Conjugatable Ubiquitin and SUMO2 Enables Simultaneous Monitoring of Their Localization and Function in Live Cells. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 13 35235714
2020 Guanosine modulates SUMO2/3-ylation in neurons and astrocytes via adenosine receptors. Purinergic signalling 13 32892251
2019 SUMO2 regulates vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress in mice. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 13 31584834
2025 Ferroptosis-induced SUMO2 lactylation counteracts ferroptosis by enhancing ACSL4 degradation in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell discovery 12 41057295
2023 NDP52 SUMOylation contributes to low-dose X-rays-induced cardiac hypertrophy through PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy via MUL1/SUMO2 signalling. Journal of cellular physiology 12 37942585
2019 The requirement of SUMO2/3 for SENP2 mediated extraembryonic and embryonic development. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 12 31625212
2018 SUMO2/3 modification of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) controls its dynamic translocation at the centrosome. The Journal of biological chemistry 12 29326161
2015 SUMO2 overexpression enhances the generation and function of interleukin-17-producing CD8⁺ T cells in mice. Cellular signalling 12 25762490
2007 Basic folded and low-populated locally disordered conformers of SUMO-2 characterized by NMR spectroscopy at varying pressures. Biochemistry 12 18081309
2022 Structural Basis for the SUMO2 Isoform Specificity of SENP7. Journal of molecular biology 11 36334780
2021 Differential effects of SUMO1 and SUMO2 on circadian protein PER2 stability and function. Scientific reports 11 34257372
2019 Identification of viral SIM-SUMO2-interaction inhibitors for treating primary effusion lymphoma. PLoS pathogens 11 31830143
2015 Regulation of SUMO2 target proteins by the proteasome in human cells exposed to replication stress. Journal of proteome research 11 25748227
2023 Characterizing the differential distribution and targets of Sumo1 and Sumo2 in the mouse brain. iScience 10 37009224
2012 Post-translational modification of the RhoGTPase activating protein 21, ARHGAP21, by SUMO2/3. FEBS letters 10 22922005
2022 A structural dynamics model for how CPEB3 binding to SUMO2 can regulate translational control in dendritic spines. PLoS computational biology 9 36346822
2021 Selective-cerebral-hypothermia-induced neuroprotection against-focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with an increase in SUMO2/3 conjugation. Brain research 9 33539797
2021 Downregulation of SUMO2 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. FEBS open bio 9 33989451
2021 Prasugrel anti-ischemic effect in rats: Modulation of hippocampal SUMO2/3-IкBα/Ubc9 and SIRT-1/miR-22 trajectories. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 9 34174262
2014 Interleukin-32α downregulates the activity of the B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 protein by inhibiting protein kinase Cε-dependent SUMO-2 modification. Oncotarget 9 25245533
2024 FEN1 upregulation mediated by SUMO2 via antagonizing proteasomal degradation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma stemness. Translational oncology 8 38513457
2023 Overexpression of SENP3 promotes PPAR-γ transcription through the increase of HIF-1α stability via SUMO2/3 and participates in molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 8 37473957
2021 Inhibition of SUMO2/3 antagonizes isoflurane-induced cancer-promoting effect in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. Oncology letters 8 33732350
2024 SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Induces Tau Pathological Changes That Can Be Counteracted by SUMO2. International journal of molecular sciences 7 39000276
2023 The allosteric effect of the upper half of SENP1 contributes to its substrate selectivity for SUMO1 over SUMO2. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 7 36656084
2023 SUMO2/3 promotes the progression and oxaliplatin resistance of colorectal cancer through facilitating the SUMOylation at Ku80-K307. BioFactors (Oxford, England) 7 37338025
2019 Noncovalent structure of SENP1 in complex with SUMO2. Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications 7 31045562
2018 SUMO2 modification of Aurora B and its impact on follicular development and atresia in the mouse ovary. International journal of molecular medicine 7 29512695
2025 Genetic and pharmacologic enhancement of SUMO2 conjugation prevents and reverses cognitive impairment and synaptotoxicity in a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 6 40047257
2023 SENP5 deteriorates traumatic brain injury via SUMO2-dependent suppression of E2F1 SUMOylation. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 6 37403456
2023 Aberrant SUMO2/3 modification of RUNX1 upon SENP1 inhibition is linked to the development of diabetic retinopathy in mice. Experimental eye research 6 37890757
2014 SUMO-2 promotes mRNA translation by enhancing interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G. PloS one 6 24971752
2007 Schistosoma mansoni encodes SMT3B and SMT3C molecules responsible for post-translational modification of cellular proteins. Parasitology international 6 18243776

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