| 2000 |
SUSP1 (SENP6) is a cysteine protease containing a conserved His/Asp/Cys catalytic triad that cleaves SUMO-1 from precursor fusion proteins (SUMO-1·β-galactosidase) in E. coli, demonstrating SUMO-1-specific maturation activity; GFP-SUSP1 localizes exclusively to the cytoplasm of NIH3T3 and HeLa cells. |
In vitro cleavage assay in E. coli, confocal microscopy of GFP fusion |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
10799485
|
| 2006 |
SUSP1 (SENP6) localizes within the nucleoplasm (not cytoplasm as initially reported) and its depletion causes redistribution of EGFP-SUMO2/3 (but not SUMO1) into enlarged, more numerous PML bodies due to a deficit of SUMO2/3 deconjugation; SUSP1 shows strong paralog bias toward SUMO2/3 and preferentially acts on substrates bearing three or more SUMO2/3 moieties. |
siRNA depletion, EGFP-SUMO live imaging, vinyl sulfone inhibitor profiling, model substrate assays |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
17000875
|
| 2006 |
SUSP1 (SENP6) co-localizes with RXRα in the nucleus, removes SUMO-1 from RXRα (but not from androgen receptor or PPARγ), and its overexpression increases RXRα transcriptional activity, while shRNA knockdown decreases it; the SUMO-1 acceptor site on RXRα is Lys-108 within the AF-1 domain. |
Co-localization by confocal microscopy, in vitro/in vivo SUMOylation assays, overexpression/shRNA knockdown with luciferase reporter |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
16912044
|
| 2008 |
SENP6 and SENP7 preferentially cleave SUMO2/3 in deconjugation reactions, with highest rates on di-SUMO2, di-SUMO3, and poly-SUMO2/3 chains, but exhibit lower rates than SENP2 for processing pre-SUMO1, pre-SUMO2, or pre-SUMO3; structure-guided mutagenesis identifies elements unique to the SENP6/SENP7 subclass that are required for poly-SUMO chain deconjugation. |
Crystal structure of SENP7 catalytic domain (2.4 Å), biochemical deconjugation assays with defined substrates, structure-guided mutagenesis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
18799455
|
| 2010 |
SENP6 depletion causes loss of the CENP-H/I/K complex from inner kinetochores, leading to spindle assembly defects and metaphase chromosome congression failure; CENP-I is degraded by RNF4 (a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase) upon SENP6 depletion, and SENP6 stabilizes CENP-I by antagonizing RNF4-mediated polysumoylation-dependent proteasomal degradation. |
siRNA depletion, kinetochore composition analysis by immunofluorescence, proteasome inhibitor rescue, epistasis with RNF4 |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
20212317
|
| 2010 |
SENP6 depletion causes accumulation of endogenous SUMO-2/3 and SUMO-1 conjugates and increased number/size of PML nuclear bodies; catalytic-cysteine mutation of SENP6 causes its accumulation in PML NBs; biochemical analysis shows SUMO-modified PML is a direct substrate of SENP6; SENP6 can cleave mixed SUMO-1/SUMO-2/3 chains in addition to SUMO2/3 polymers. |
siRNA depletion, catalytic mutant trapping, immunofluorescence, biochemical substrate assays |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
21148299
|
| 2011 |
A unique Loop1 insertion in the catalytic domain of SENP6 (and SENP7) is essential for proteolytic activity and forms an extended interface with SUMO during cleavage; a region on the SUMO surface determines SUMO2/3 isoform specificity; double point mutations on the SUMO surface swap the isoform specificity of SENP6/SENP7 between SUMO1 and SUMO2/3. |
Structure-based mutagenesis, in vitro biochemical cleavage assays with isoform-specific substrates |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
21878624
|
| 2013 |
SENP6 catalyzes de-SUMOylation of NEMO (IKKγ) at Lys-277, reversing SUMO-2/3 conjugation that normally impairs CYLD deubiquitinase binding to NEMO; SENP6 depletion potentiates NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory gene induction and increases susceptibility to endotoxin-induced sepsis in mice. |
siRNA knockdown, Co-IP, site-directed mutagenesis of NEMO Lys-277, luciferase reporter for NF-κB, in vivo endotoxin model |
PLoS pathogens |
High |
23825957
|
| 2014 |
Crystal structure of a SENP2-Loop1 chimera in complex with SUMO2 (2.15 Å) reveals the structural interface exclusive to SENP6/7 via Loop1 insertion; insertion of Loop1 into SENP2 increases proteolytic activity on diSUMO2 and polySUMO2 substrates, confirming Loop1 as the platform mediating SUMO2/3 specificity. |
Crystal structure of chimeric SENP2-Loop1:SUMO2 complex, in vitro cleavage assays with diSUMO2 and polySUMO2 |
Protein science |
High |
24424631
|
| 2018 |
SENP6 interacts with, desumoylates, and stabilizes TRIM28; SENP6 loss in osteochondroprogenitors activates p53 signaling and SASP, leading to premature skeletal aging; Trp53 loss partially rescues the skeletal and cellular phenotypes of Senp6 knockout mice, establishing a SENP6–TRIM28–p53 epistatic axis. |
Conditional knockout mice, Co-IP, genetic epistasis (Senp6/Trp53 double mutant), cellular senescence and apoptosis assays, transcriptomic profiling |
Nature communications |
High |
29321472
|
| 2019 |
SENP6 harbors an N-terminal multi-SIM domain that targets it to SUMO chains; proteomic profiling identifies a network of SENP6 substrates at centromeric/telomeric chromatin, including the cohesin complex; SENP6 is part of the hPSO4/PRP19 complex; SENP6 deficiency impairs chromatin association of ATRIP, compromising ATR-Chk1 activation in response to replicative stress. |
Proteomics/mass spectrometry, domain deletion analysis, Co-IP of hPSO4/PRP19 complex, Chk1 phosphorylation assays, chromatin fractionation after aphidicolin treatment |
Cell reports |
High |
31597105
|
| 2019 |
SENP6 knockdown identifies over 180 substrates conjugated to SUMO polymers including the entire CCAN complex and DNA damage response factors; SENP6 deficiency impairs accumulation of CENP-T, CENP-W, and CENP-A at centromeres and causes G2/M accumulation and micronuclei formation; increased SUMO chains on CCAN subunits do not trigger ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation, indicating proteolysis-independent poly-SUMO signaling. |
SILAC-based quantitative proteomics after SENP6 knockdown, immunofluorescence for centromere proteins, flow cytometry, proteasome inhibitor experiments |
Nature communications |
High |
31485003
|
| 2021 |
SENP6 mediates deSUMOylation of Annexin-A1 (ANXA1), promoting its nuclear translocation; deSUMOylated ANXA1 undergoes TRPM7- and PKC-dependent phosphorylation, activates p53 transcriptional activity, increases Bid expression, and triggers caspase-3-dependent neuronal apoptosis; expression of a SENP6 catalytic mutant in neurons improves neurological function in a mouse ischemia model. |
Co-IP, Ni2+-NTA pulldown for SUMOylation, luciferase reporter for p53, LDH/TUNEL assays, MCAO mouse model with catalytic mutant overexpression |
Theranostics |
Medium |
34158860
|
| 2022 |
SENP6 loss triggers release of DNA repair and genome maintenance protein complexes from chromatin, impairing DNA repair in response to DNA damage and promoting genomic instability; SENP6-deficient cells are synthetically lethal with PARP inhibition. |
Transposon mutagenesis screen in B-cell lymphoma model, chromatin fractionation, PARP inhibitor synthetic lethality assay, analysis of human lymphoma deletions |
Nature communications |
Medium |
35022408
|
| 2022 |
SENP6-mediated deSUMOylation of ANXA1 in microglia targets the IKK complex and selectively inhibits autophagic degradation of IKKα in an NBR1-dependent manner, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway and promoting proinflammatory cytokine expression after ischemic stroke. |
Co-IP, AAV-mediated microglial SENP6 knockdown in vivo, NF-κB pathway analysis, autophagy assays |
Cell & bioscience |
Medium |
35869493
|
| 2023 |
SENP6 deconjugates SUMO2/3 polymers from a group of DNA damage response proteins (BRCA1-BARD1, 53BP1, BLM, ERCC1-XPF) under unstressed conditions; SENP6 depletion causes uncoordinated recruitment and persistence of SUMO2/3 at DNA damage sites and accumulation of DDR proteins in PML-independent nuclear bodies driven by multivalent SUMO-SIM interactions; co-depletion of RNF4 further increases SUMOylation of BRCA1, BARD1 and BLM, indicating SENP6 antagonizes RNF4 targeting. |
Quantitative proteomics, immunofluorescence at UVA laser/IR damage sites, RNF4 epistasis (co-depletion), nuclear body analysis |
Nature communications |
High |
37735495
|
| 2023 |
SENP6 depletion causes substantially increased SUMO modification of lamin A/C, producing nuclear structural changes resembling laminopathies; proximity-induced SUMO modification (PISM) directly targeting lamin A/C for SUMO conjugation recapitulates the altered nuclear structure, establishing a causal link between lamin SUMOylation and nuclear morphology changes. |
Proteomic identification of substrates by apparent molecular weight shift, PISM (DARPin-SUMO E3 ligase fusion) for targeted lamin SUMOylation, nuclear morphology imaging |
Cell reports |
High |
37556322
|
| 2024 |
SENP6 constitutively interacts with USP8 and inhibits USP8 SUMOylation; deSUMOylated USP8 dissociates from IFNAR2, allowing increased IFNAR2 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby attenuating IFN-I antiviral signaling. |
Co-IP for SENP6-USP8 interaction, SUMOylation assays, IFNAR2 ubiquitination and degradation assays, IFN-I signaling readouts |
Cellular & molecular immunology |
Medium |
38906982
|
| 2024 |
SENP6 binds to and mediates deSUMOylation of Nrf2; deSUMOylated Nrf2 undergoes enhanced ubiquitination-dependent degradation, reducing its transcriptional activity and exacerbating neuronal oxidative stress after ischemic stroke; blocking SENP6-Nrf2 interaction with a cell-permeable peptide (Tat-Nrf2) preserves Nrf2 SUMOylation and attenuates oxidative stress. |
Co-IP, SUMOylation assay, ubiquitination assay, luciferase reporter for Nrf2 activity, Tat-Nrf2 peptide in vivo, MCAO mouse model |
Advanced science |
Medium |
39716997
|
| 2025 |
SENP6 knockdown-induced SUMOylation of TOM40 impairs TOM complex assembly, hindering mitochondrial protein import and disrupting mitochondrial morphology and function; in Alzheimer's disease contexts, Aβ1-42 decreases SENP6 in the mitochondrial fraction, increases TOM40 SUMOylation, and thereby impairs mitochondrial protein import. |
siRNA knockdown, TOM complex assembly assays, mitochondrial fractionation, mitochondrial import assays, 3×Tg-AD mouse model analysis |
Advanced science |
Medium |
40729740
|
| 2026 |
SENP6 interacts with NLRP3 and deSUMOylates it at Lys-23, Lys-204, and Lys-689; deSUMOylation enables K48-linked polyubiquitination of NLRP3 by the E3 ligase MARCHF7, targeting NLRP3 for autophagy-lysosomal degradation; SENP6-deficient macrophages show enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased IL-1β/IL-18 secretion. |
Co-IP, site-directed mutagenesis of NLRP3 SUMOylation sites, ubiquitination assays, autophagy-lysosome pathway inhibitors, SENP6 KO macrophages, in vivo LPS and alum models |
Research (Washington, D.C.) |
Medium |
41531891
|
| 2026 |
SENP6 knockdown in periodontal ligament stem cells stabilizes SMAD5 protein and upregulates SOX2 and early osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2); mechanistically, SENP6 desumoylates SMAD5, promoting its degradation, and SMAD5 directly activates SOX2 transcription; pharmacological SENP6 inhibition promotes bone formation in an LPS-induced calvarial osteolysis mouse model. |
siRNA knockdown, Co-IP, luciferase reporter assay for SOX2 promoter, in vivo mouse calvarial model with SENP6 inhibitor NSC632839 |
European journal of medical research |
Medium |
41618460
|
| 2023 |
SENP6 deSUMOylates VEGFR2, and this deSUMOylation reduces VEGFR2 accumulation in the Golgi and promotes its transport to the cell membrane surface via coatomer protein complex subunit beta 2, enhancing VEGF signaling and pathological angiogenesis. |
Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence for subcellular VEGFR2 localization, SENP6 overexpression/knockdown in HUVECs |
International journal of molecular sciences |
Low |
36768878
|
| 2024 |
SENP6 interacts with PINK1, reduces SUMO2ylation of PINK1, and thereby enhances mitophagy, promoting temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells. |
Co-IP for SENP6-PINK1 interaction, SUMO2 modification assay, mitophagy assays, temozolomide resistance assays |
Molekuliarnaia biologiia |
Low |
38062972
|