| 2000 |
SENP6 (SUSP1) is a cysteine protease with a conserved His/Asp/Cys catalytic triad that cleaves SUMO-1 from SUMO-1-fusion substrates in vitro, demonstrating specificity for SUMO-1 over other ubiquitin-like proteins. The protein localizes to the cytoplasm in NIH3T3 and HeLa cells. |
In vitro protease assay with SUMO-1·β-galactosidase fusion expressed in E. coli; GFP fusion confocal microscopy for localization |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
10799485
|
| 2006 |
SENP6 (SUSP1) localizes to the nucleoplasm and preferentially deconjugates SUMO-2/3 over SUMO-1, acting specifically on substrates containing three or more SUMO-2/3 moieties. Depletion causes redistribution of EGFP-SUMO2/3 into enlarged, more numerous PML bodies, demonstrating a role in dismantling highly poly-SUMOylated species. |
siRNA depletion; vinyl sulfone SUMO-paralog inhibitors; fluorescence microscopy with EGFP-SUMO fusions; model poly-SUMO substrate assays |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
17000875
|
| 2006 |
SENP6 (SUSP1) co-localizes with RXRα in the nucleus and removes SUMO-1 from RXRα at Lys-108, reversing SUMO-1-mediated transcriptional repression of RXRα. Overexpression of SENP6 increases RXRα transcriptional activity, while knockdown decreases it. |
Co-localization by confocal microscopy; in vivo and in vitro SUMOylation assays; shRNA knockdown; transcriptional reporter assays; site-directed mutagenesis (K108R) |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
16912044
|
| 2008 |
SENP6 preferentially cleaves poly-SUMO2 and poly-SUMO3 chains (di-SUMO2, di-SUMO3, poly-SUMO2/3) with rates comparable to SENP2, but shows much lower activity for processing pre-SUMO1, pre-SUMO2, or pre-SUMO3. Structure-guided mutagenesis of unique elements in the SENP6/SENP7 subclass identifies residues critical for poly-SUMO deconjugation. |
Crystal structure of SENP7 catalytic domain at 2.4 Å; in vitro biochemical deconjugation assays with di- and poly-SUMO substrates; structure-guided mutagenesis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
18799455
|
| 2010 |
SENP6 is essential for inner kinetochore assembly during mitosis. SENP6 depletion causes spindle assembly defects and loss of CENP-H/I/K complex from inner kinetochores. CENP-I is degraded by the ubiquitin ligase RNF4 (which targets poly-SUMOylated proteins) and SENP6 stabilizes CENP-I by antagonizing RNF4-mediated proteasomal degradation. |
siRNA depletion; immunofluorescence of kinetochore composition; epistasis with RNF4 knockdown; proteasome inhibitor rescue experiments |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
20212317
|
| 2010 |
SENP6 deconjugates SUMO-2/3 and SUMO-1 from PML and can cleave mixed SUMO-1/SUMO-2/3 chains. Catalytic cysteine mutation causes SENP6 accumulation in PML nuclear bodies, and SUMO-modified PML is a direct biochemical substrate of SENP6. |
siRNA depletion; immunofluorescence; catalytic mutant trapping in PML bodies; in vitro substrate cleavage assay with SUMO-modified PML |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
21148299
|
| 2011 |
A unique Loop1 sequence insertion in SENP6 (and SENP7) forms an extended interface with SUMO and is essential for their SUMO2/3 specificity and poly-SUMO deconjugation activity. Double point mutations on the SUMO surface swap isoform specificity between SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 for SENP6 and SENP7. |
Structure-guided mutagenesis; in vitro proteolytic activity assays with SUMO isoform substrates; biochemical characterization of Loop1 chimeras |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
21878624
|
| 2013 |
SENP6 attenuates TLR-triggered NF-κB signaling by catalyzing de-SUMOylation of NEMO/IKKγ at Lys-277. SUMO-2/3 conjugation at this site impairs binding of the deubiquitinase CYLD to NEMO, thereby promoting IKK activation; SENP6 reverses this by removing SUMO from NEMO. |
Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown; site-directed mutagenesis (K277); luciferase NF-κB reporter; in vivo sepsis model |
PLoS pathogens |
High |
23825957
|
| 2014 |
Crystal structure of SENP2 chimera containing the SENP6 Loop1 insertion in complex with SUMO2 at 2.15 Å reveals the unique molecular interface formed by Loop1 with SUMO; insertion of Loop1 into SENP2 increases proteolytic activity on di-SUMO2 and poly-SUMO2 substrates. |
X-ray crystallography at 2.15 Å; in vitro cleavage assays with diSUMO2 and polySUMO2 substrates |
Protein science |
High |
24424631
|
| 2018 |
SENP6 interacts with, desumoylates, and stabilizes TRIM28, thereby suppressing p53 activity in osteochondroprogenitors. Loss of SENP6 leads to elevated p53 signaling and SASP, and Trp53 loss partially rescues skeletal and cellular phenotypes in Senp6-knockout mice. |
Conditional knockout mouse model; Co-IP; in vitro desumoylation assay; genetic epistasis (Senp6−/−; Trp53−/−); histological and cellular phenotyping |
Nature communications |
High |
29321472
|
| 2019 |
SENP6 regulates a group of over 180 poly-SUMO2/3-modified proteins including the constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN), CENP-A loading factors Mis18BP1 and Mis18A, and DNA damage response factors. SENP6 deficiency impairs centromeric accumulation of CENP-T, CENP-W, and CENP-A, and the increased SUMO chains act in a proteolysis-independent manner. |
Quantitative SUMO proteomics after SENP6 knockdown; immunofluorescence; cell proliferation and cell cycle analysis; epistasis with proteasome inhibitor |
Nature communications |
High |
31485003
|
| 2019 |
SENP6 contains an N-terminal multi-SIM domain that targets it to SUMO chains. SENP6 acts as a SUMO eraser at telomeric and centromeric chromatin, controls SUMOylation and chromatin association of cohesin, and is a component of the hPSO4/PRP19 complex. SENP6 deficiency impairs chromatin association of ATRIP, thereby compromising ATR-Chk1 activation under replicative stress. |
Domain mapping; proteomic profiling; Co-IP identifying hPSO4/PRP19 complex membership; chromatin fractionation; siRNA knockdown with Chk1 activation readout |
Cell reports |
High |
31597105
|
| 2021 |
SENP6 mediates deSUMOylation of Annexin-A1 (ANXA1), promoting its nuclear translocation and triggering neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. SENP6-mediated deSUMOylation of ANXA1 promotes TRPM7- and PKC-dependent phosphorylation of ANXA1, activates p53 transcriptional activity, and induces the Bid/caspase-3 apoptosis pathway. |
Co-immunoprecipitation; Ni2+-NTA pulldown for SUMOylation; luciferase reporter; SENP6 catalytic mutant overexpression in vivo; MCAO mouse model |
Theranostics |
Medium |
34158860
|
| 2022 |
SENP6 loss drives chromosomal instability in lymphoma by releasing DNA repair and genome maintenance protein complexes from chromatin, impairing DNA repair. SENP6 deficiency creates synthetic lethality with PARP inhibition. |
Transposon mutagenesis screen in vivo; siRNA knockdown; chromatin fractionation; DNA damage repair assays; PARP inhibitor synthetic lethality in cell lines and mouse models |
Nature communications |
High |
35022408
|
| 2022 |
SENP6-mediated deSUMOylation of ANXA1 in microglia targets the IKK complex and selectively inhibits autophagic degradation of IKKα in an NBR1-dependent manner, activating the NF-κB pathway and enhancing proinflammatory cytokine expression after ischemic stroke. |
Co-immunoprecipitation; AAV-mediated SENP6 knockdown in microglia in vivo; immunoblot; MCAO mouse model |
Cell & bioscience |
Medium |
35869493
|
| 2023 |
SENP6 deconjugates SUMO2/3 polymers from a group of DNA damage response proteins (BRCA1-BARD1, 53BP1, BLM, ERCC1-XPF), maintaining them in a hypo-SUMOylated state. SENP6 depletion causes uncoordinated recruitment of these proteins at DNA damage sites and accumulation of SUMO2/3 and DDR proteins in PML-independent nuclear condensates driven by multivalent SUMO-SIM interactions. Co-depletion with RNF4 further increases SUMOylation of BRCA1, BARD1, and BLM. |
Quantitative proteomics; live-cell imaging at laser-induced damage sites; Co-depletion epistasis with RNF4; immunofluorescence of nuclear bodies |
Nature communications |
High |
37735495
|
| 2023 |
SENP6 depletion causes hyperSUMOylation of lamin A/C family proteins, leading to nuclear structural changes resembling laminopathies. Proximity-induced SUMO modification (PISM) directly targeting lamin A/C for SUMO conjugation recapitulates the altered nuclear structure, establishing a direct causal link between lamin SUMOylation and nuclear morphology defects. |
Proteomic identification of SENP6 substrates; PISM (DARPin-fused SUMO E3 ligase domain) to directly SUMOylate lamin A/C; immunofluorescence of nuclear structure |
Cell reports |
High |
37556322
|
| 2023 |
SENP6 mediates deSUMOylation of VEGFR2, reducing its accumulation in the Golgi and promoting its transport to the cell membrane surface via COPB2 (coatomer protein complex subunit beta 2), enhancing VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenesis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation; immunofluorescence; immunoblotting in HUVECs |
International journal of molecular sciences |
Low |
36768878
|
| 2024 |
SENP6 constitutively interacts with USP8 and deSUMOylates USP8, which restricts the interaction between USP8 and IFNAR2. Reduced USP8-IFNAR2 interaction enhances IFNAR2 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby attenuating type I IFN signaling and antiviral activity. |
Co-immunoprecipitation; SUMOylation assay; IFNAR2 ubiquitination assay; siRNA knockdown |
Cellular & molecular immunology |
Medium |
38906982
|
| 2024 |
SENP6 binds to and mediates deSUMOylation of Nrf2, which promotes ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of Nrf2, reducing its transcriptional activity and exacerbating oxidative stress after ischemic stroke. A cell-permeable peptide (Tat-Nrf2) blocking SENP6-Nrf2 interaction preserves Nrf2 SUMOylation and reduces neuronal damage. |
Co-immunoprecipitation; in vitro deSUMOylation assay; ubiquitination assay; cell-permeable inhibitory peptide; MCAO mouse model |
Advanced science |
Medium |
39716997
|
| 2024 |
SENP6 interacts with PINK1 and reduces SUMO2-ylation of PINK1, thereby enhancing mitophagy and promoting temozolomide resistance in glioma cells. |
RNA sequencing; Co-immunoprecipitation; SUMOylation assay; siRNA knockdown |
Molekuliarnaia biologiia |
Low |
38062972
|
| 2025 |
SENP6 deSUMOylates TOM40 to maintain TOM complex assembly and mitochondrial protein import. SENP6 knockdown causes TOM40 SUMOylation, impairing TOM complex assembly and mitochondrial protein import, leading to loss of mitochondrial proteostasis, morphology, and function. CCCP treatment decreases mitochondrial SENP6, and TOM40 SUMOylation is increased in Alzheimer's disease mouse brains. |
SENP6 knockdown; Co-immunoprecipitation; SUMOylation assay; TOM complex blue native PAGE; mitochondrial import assay; fractionation |
Advanced science |
Medium |
40729740
|
| 2026 |
SENP6 interacts with and deSUMOylates NLRP3 at Lys-23, Lys-204, and Lys-689. DeSUMOylation by SENP6 enables K48-linked polyubiquitination of NLRP3 by the E3 ligase MARCHF7 (recruited by SENP6), leading to autophagy-lysosomal degradation of NLRP3 and suppression of inflammasome activation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation; site-directed mutagenesis (K23R, K204R, K689R); NLRP3 ubiquitination assay; SENP6 knockdown in macrophages; in vivo LPS and alum models |
Research (Washington, D.C.) |
Medium |
41531891
|
| 2026 |
SENP6 deSUMOylates SMAD5, leading to SMAD5 protein instability; SENP6 knockdown stabilizes SMAD5, which directly activates SOX2 transcription to promote early osteogenic commitment of periodontal ligament stem cells. |
Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown; luciferase transcriptional reporter; SENP6 inhibitor (NSC632839) in vivo calvarial osteolysis model; micro-CT |
European journal of medical research |
Low |
41618460
|