Affinage

SUMO1

Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 · UniProt P63165

Length
101 aa
Mass
11.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 44 papers cited in narrative 42 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SUMO1 is a small ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently and reversibly conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins, operating through a minimal enzymatic cascade and broadly reprogramming protein localization, stability, and transcriptional activity rather than marking substrates for degradation (PMID:9920803, PMID:11124955). Conjugation requires only two upstream steps relative to ubiquitin: the Sua1p/hUba2 E1 heterodimer forms a SUMO1 thioester and the sole E2 enzyme Ubc9 transfers SUMO1 to substrate lysines within a transferable PsiKXE consensus motif, with in vivo modification additionally requiring nuclear targeting (PMID:9920803, PMID:11124955). A defining functional theme is the control of subcellular localization: SUMO1 modification of RanGAP1 docks it onto the nucleoporin RanBP2/Nup358 at the nuclear pore and, during mitosis, at kinetochores and spindles (PMID:9442102, PMID:9456312, PMID:11854305), directs PTEN to the plasma membrane via electrostatic C2-domain contacts (PMID:22713753), and is required for PML to nucleate PML nuclear bodies that recruit Sp100, CBP, Daxx and other components (PMID:10779416). SUMO1 also acts as a transcriptional rheostat—repressing Sp3, c-Jun, and HDAC1 while activating p53, HSF1, and GATA4—and is itself integrated with phosphorylation, since modification of c-Jun and p53 is antagonized by site-specific kinase activity (PMID:10788439, PMID:12419227, PMID:10562557, PMID:10562558, PMID:11514557, PMID:15337742). A second major theme is protein stabilization through competition with ubiquitin: SUMO1 conjugation at lysines that overlap or block ubiquitination protects IkBalpha, Smad4, phosducin, and CDK6 from proteasomal turnover (PMID:9734360, PMID:12813045, PMID:16421094, PMID:24953629). The RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO1/Ubc9 assembly at the pore is itself a SUMO1-specific E3 ligase and an autonomous disassembly machine for Crm1-dependent nuclear export complexes, structurally explaining SUMO1 paralogue preference (PMID:22194619, PMID:27160050). Reversal is achieved by SENP-family isopeptidases, whose pore association (SENP2-Nup153) or expression level shapes the cellular spectrum of SUMO1 conjugates (PMID:11896061, PMID:12419228, PMID:17360386). Gene-targeted Sumo1-null mice are viable and fertile, indicating that most SUMO1 functions are compensated at the protein level by SUMO2/3 in vivo (PMID:18573887).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 22 steps
  1. 1997 Medium

    Establishing that SUMO1 is a bona fide covalent protein modifier in cells answered whether it acts like ubiquitin and linked it to nuclear retention of substrates.

    Evidence Immunoblotting, fractionation, and immunofluorescence of PML and Sp100 in cells

    PMID:9412458

    Open questions at the time
    • Conjugation seen only in vivo, not in vitro at this stage
    • Acceptor lysines and enzymology unresolved
  2. 1998 High

    Identification of RanGAP1 modification and Ubc9 as a SUMO1-specific E2 defined the conjugation machinery and the prototype localization function—docking onto RanBP2 at nuclear pores.

    Evidence MS, K526R mutagenesis, in vitro import assays, E2 specificity assay, and co-IP

    PMID:9427648 PMID:9442102 PMID:9456312

    Open questions at the time
    • E1 components not yet defined
    • How modification creates the RanBP2 binding site not structurally resolved
  3. 1998 High

    Demonstration that SUMO1 conjugates IkBalpha at the same lysine used by ubiquitin established the antagonistic, stabilizing (non-degradative) logic of SUMOylation.

    Evidence In vitro SUMOylation with E1/Ubc9, K21 mutagenesis, NF-kB reporter assays

    PMID:9734360

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase and in vivo stoichiometry not addressed
    • Generality of lysine competition unknown at the time
  4. 1999 High

    Reconstitution with the Sua1p/hUba2 E1 heterodimer plus Ubc9 showed SUMO1 needs only a two-step cascade, distinguishing it mechanistically from ubiquitin.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution with recombinant E1/E2 and thioester assay

    PMID:9920803

    Open questions at the time
    • Role and necessity of E3 ligases not yet defined
    • Substrate selection determinants unresolved
  5. 1999 High

    Single-site modification of p53 at K386 that activates transcription, plus PML modification at its NLS via Ubc9-RING binding, generalized SUMO1 beyond localization to direct transcriptional and substrate-fate control.

    Evidence In vitro/in vivo SUMOylation, mutagenesis (K386R), transactivation reporters, yeast two-hybrid

    PMID:10562557 PMID:10562558 PMID:9885291

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which SUMO1 alters p53 transactivation not defined
    • Whether degradation effect on PML-RARalpha holds in vivo
  6. 2000 High

    Definition of the transferable PsiKXE consensus (with a nuclear-targeting requirement in vivo) provided the predictive rule for SUMO1 substrate recognition.

    Evidence Peptide-transfer in vitro/in vivo assays, mutagenesis, NLS manipulation

    PMID:11124955

    Open questions at the time
    • Non-consensus sites not explained
    • How nuclear targeting couples to conjugation efficiency unresolved
  7. 2000 High

    Multiple substrates revealed SUMO1 as a transcriptional rheostat and stability switch integrated with phosphorylation—negatively regulating c-Jun and AR, modulating Mdm2/p53, and being antagonized by site-specific kinases.

    Evidence In vitro/in vivo SUMOylation, mutagenesis, transactivation and apoptosis assays, JNK activation

    PMID:10788439 PMID:10892746 PMID:11121022

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligases for these substrates not yet identified
    • Quantitative crosstalk between SUMO and phospho-marks not modeled
  8. 2000 High

    PML-null complementation showed SUMO1 conjugation of PML is a prerequisite for PML nuclear body assembly, establishing SUMO1 as an organizer of a subnuclear compartment.

    Evidence PML-/- primary cells re-expressing WT vs SUMO-deficient PML; immunofluorescence of multiple NB markers

    PMID:10779416

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SUMO1 acts via covalent conjugation alone or also SIM-mediated assembly not separated
    • Order of recruitment of NB components unresolved
  9. 2000 Medium

    SUMO1-versus-SUMO2/3 paralogue-specific substrate preferences and stress-induced SUMO2/3 conjugation distinguished paralogue functions, while TOP1/TOPII modification linked SUMO1 to genotoxic and conformational stress responses.

    Evidence Paralogue-specific antibodies, heat-shock, co-IP, ubc9 yeast epistasis with camptothecin

    PMID:10692421 PMID:10759568 PMID:10862613

    Open questions at the time
    • Acceptor lysines on topoisomerases not mapped
    • Functional consequence for DNA repair beyond CPT sensitivity unclear
  10. 2001 High

    Showing SUMO1 converts HSF1 to its DNA-binding form connected SUMO1 directly to activation of a stress-responsive transcription factor and to nuclear stress granules.

    Evidence Reconstituted in vitro SUMOylation, supershift EMSA, K298R mutagenesis, colocalization

    PMID:11514557

    Open questions at the time
    • Stress signal that triggers HSF1 SUMOylation not defined
    • E3 ligase unidentified
  11. 2002 High

    Mitotic targeting of RanGAP1 to kinetochores/spindles and the SuPr-1/SENP2 deconjugation studies established the dynamic, reversible nature of SUMO1 modification and its spatial confinement at the pore.

    Evidence SUMO-deficient RanGAP1 mutant imaging, SUMO protease activity assays, SENP2-Nup153 co-IP, PML-null epistasis

    PMID:11854305 PMID:11896061 PMID:11960997 PMID:12419227 PMID:12419228

    Open questions at the time
    • Substrate selectivity rules for individual SENPs incomplete
    • How deconjugation timing is regulated during cell cycle unresolved
  12. 2003 High

    Gain/loss-of-function on Smad4 demonstrated that SUMO1 stabilizes substrates by protecting them from ubiquitin-dependent degradation, generalizing the IkBalpha paradigm.

    Evidence Ubc9/SUMO1 overexpression and siRNA, fractionation, half-life and ubiquitination assays, TGF-beta reporter

    PMID:12813045

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct acceptor lysine and E3 for Smad4 not pinned down here
    • Whether localization vs stability dominates the phenotype unclear
  13. 2004 High

    DRP1 modification placed SUMO1 at mitochondrial fission sites, extending its action to outer-membrane protein dynamics and organelle morphology.

    Evidence Co-IP, live YFP:SUMO1 imaging at fission sites, fractionation, DRP1 stability assay

    PMID:14972687

    Open questions at the time
    • DRP1 acceptor lysine not defined
    • E3 ligase and physiological trigger unknown
  14. 2005 High

    The TDG-SUMO1 crystal structure provided atomic-level proof that SUMO1 can act allosterically—remodeling a substrate surface to drive DNA release—and that non-covalent SUMO contacts contribute to function.

    Evidence 2.1 A X-ray structure plus interface mutagenesis and DNA-binding/release assays; XPC modification in NER-deficient lines

    PMID:15959518 PMID:16030353

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality of allosteric remodeling to other substrates untested
    • In vivo turnover dynamics of TDG-SUMO1 not addressed
  15. 2006 Medium

    Defining the SIM as a beta-strand whose flanking acidic/phospho residues confer paralogue specificity explained how SUMO1 builds non-covalent interaction networks, and individual substrates (DJ-1, phosducin, SOD1) tied SUMO1 to stability and disease.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, NMR mapping; substrate mutagenesis and stability/aggregation assays

    PMID:15976810 PMID:16421094 PMID:16524884 PMID:16828461

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative affinity rules for SIM-SUMO1 binding incomplete
    • Disease-relevance (DJ-1 L166P, SOD1) shown largely in overexpression systems
  16. 2007 Medium

    Linking SUMO1-PML and SENP1 to DAXX recruitment and Fas-resistance in RA synovial fibroblasts connected the SUMO1 cycle to a disease-relevant apoptotic phenotype.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown, IP, DAXX-PML NB localization, Fas apoptosis assay, SENP1 rescue

    PMID:17360386

    Open questions at the time
    • Causality in primary disease tissue not fully established
    • Single-lab observation
  17. 2008 High

    Phosphorylation of SUMO1's own N-terminal Ser2 and the viable Sumo1-null mouse established that the modifier itself is regulated and that SUMO2/3 compensate for most SUMO1 functions in vivo at the protein level.

    Evidence Endogenous MS across three species; Sumo1 knockout with RanGAP1 conjugation readout and phenotyping

    PMID:18573887 PMID:18707152

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of SUMO1 Ser2 phosphorylation unknown
    • Mechanism of SUMO2/3 compensation at substrate level not defined
  18. 2011 High

    Crystallographic and biochemical dissection of the RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO1/Ubc9 complex established it as a SUMO1-specific E3 ligase and explained paralogue preference at atomic resolution.

    Evidence Domain swaps, protease-protection, automodification, X-ray structures of UBC9-RanGAP1-SUMO1/2

    PMID:22194619

    Open questions at the time
    • How substrate diversity is achieved by a pore-anchored ligase unclear
    • Regulation of this E3 in cells not addressed
  19. 2012 High

    PTEN K266 membrane targeting and SUMO1 chromatin occupancy at housekeeping/ribosome-biogenesis promoters expanded SUMO1's roles to PI3K/AKT tumor suppression and direct transcriptional activation of growth genes.

    Evidence SUMOylation/mutagenesis, membrane fractionation, AKT and xenograft assays; ChIP-seq with SUMO1 depletion

    PMID:22713753 PMID:22941651

    Open questions at the time
    • How chromatin-bound SUMO1 mechanistically activates transcription unclear
    • Whether PTEN membrane effect is conserved across tissues untested
  20. 2014 High

    CDK6 K216 SUMOylation blocking K147 ubiquitination, controlled by CDK1-phosphorylated Ubc9, integrated SUMO1-mediated stabilization into cell-cycle progression and glioblastoma.

    Evidence SUMOylation/ubiquitination assays, mutagenesis, cell-cycle synchronization, in vitro CDK1 kinase assay

    PMID:24953629

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase for CDK6 not identified
    • In vivo tumor dependency not fully established
  21. 2016 High

    Reconstitution of the RanBP2 complex as an autonomous Crm1 export-complex disassembly machine coupled nuclear export termination to SUMO1 E3 activity at the pore.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution of disassembly intermediates with purified components plus E3 activity assay

    PMID:27160050

    Open questions at the time
    • In-cell coordination of disassembly and SUMOylation not demonstrated
    • Selectivity for Crm1 over other exportins mechanism partial
  22. 2019 High

    PKD2 trafficking and NLRP3 inflammasome control demonstrated that reversible SUMO1 modification governs ion-channel surface density and innate immune signaling, with cognate SENPs reversing the effect.

    Evidence Cell-specific Pkd2 KO, patch-clamp, trafficking assays; NLRP3 mutagenesis, ASC oligomerization, IL-1beta, SENP3 modulation

    PMID:31822608 PMID:31914638

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligases for PKD2 and NLRP3 not identified
    • Physiological signals coupling SUMO1 cycling to function only partly defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How upstream signaling kinases (e.g., Akt phosphorylating SUMO1/Ubc9) and the choice of E3 ligase combine to dictate substrate-specific SUMO1 conjugation across tissues remains unresolved.
  • No unifying rule linking E3 ligase repertoire to substrate selection
  • Physiological triggers for many substrate modifications undefined
  • Mechanism of SUMO2/3 compensation at the substrate level unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 6 GO:0031386 protein tag activity 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 5 GO:0016874 ligase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 5 GO:0005635 nuclear envelope 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 1 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 1
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 6 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 6 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 5 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 4 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2
Partners
PIAS1PMLRANBP2RANGAP1SAE1SAE2SENP2UBC9
Complex memberships
PML nuclear bodiesRanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO1/Ubc9 E3 ligase complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 42 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 SUMO-1 conjugates IκBα primarily at K21 (the same lysine used for ubiquitin modification), preventing ubiquitination of IκBα and thus protecting it from proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby inhibiting NF-κB activation. In the presence of E1 activating enzyme, Ubc9 (E2) conjugates SUMO-1 to IκBα; SUMO-1 modification is inhibited by phosphorylation whereas ubiquitination requires it. In vitro SUMOylation assay with E1 and Ubc9; site-directed mutagenesis (K21); overexpression in cells; NF-κB reporter assays Molecular cell High 9734360
1998 SUMO-1 modification of RanGAP1 at K526 (via C-terminal cleavage exposing G97 as the attachment point) directs RanGAP1 to the nuclear envelope/nuclear pore complex by creating or exposing a binding site for the nucleoporin Nup358/RanBP2. Unmodified RanGAP1 is cytoplasmic; SUMO-1-modified RanGAP1 stably associates with the NE through many import cycles. Peptide mapping, mass spectrometry, site-directed mutagenesis (K526R), in vitro import assays, cell fractionation The Journal of cell biology High 9442102 9456312
1998 Ubc9 (Xenopus p18Ubc9) functions as the E2 conjugating enzyme specifically for SUMO-1 but not for ubiquitin, and physically interacts with RanBP2 (via its internal repeat domain, which is itself a SUMO-1 substrate in Xenopus egg extracts). SUMO-1 conjugation promotes RanGAP1 interaction with RanBP2. In vitro E2 activity assay distinguishing ubiquitin vs SUMO-1; co-immunoprecipitation; Xenopus egg extract SUMOylation assay Current biology High 9427648
1999 In vitro SUMO-1 modification requires only two enzymatic steps (E1 activating enzyme Sua1p/hUba2 heterodimer + E2 Ubc9), unlike ubiquitin which typically requires three. hUba2 forms a thioester bond with SUMO-1; the Sua1p/Uba2p complex has E1 activity sufficient to allow Ubc9-dependent modification of RanGAP1. In vitro reconstitution with recombinant E1 (Sua1p/hUba2p) and E2 (Ubc9); biochemical thioester assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 9920803
1999 p53 is modified by SUMO-1 at a single site (K386) in vitro (requiring only SUMO-1, E1, and Ubc9) and in vivo. SUMO-1 and ubiquitin modification do not compete for the same lysine in p53. Overexpression of SUMO-1 activates p53 transcriptional activity in a K386-dependent manner. In vitro SUMOylation assay; site-directed mutagenesis (K386R); transactivation reporter assay in cells; immunoprecipitation The EMBO journal High 10562557 10562558 10788439
2000 SUMO-1 conjugation requires a transferable PsiKXE consensus motif (where Psi is a large hydrophobic residue). Short peptide sequences from p53 and IκBα containing this motif confer SUMO-1 modification on a carrier protein in vitro, but in vivo modification additionally requires nuclear targeting (nuclear localization signal). Domain-swap/peptide-transfer in vitro and in vivo SUMOylation assays; mutagenesis; nuclear localization signal addition/removal experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 11124955
1997 PML and Sp100, components of nuclear dots/PML nuclear bodies, are covalently modified by PIC1/SUMO-1 in vivo (but not when synthesized in vitro). SUMO-1-modified Sp100 isoforms are exclusively nuclear, whereas unmodified Sp100 is also cytoplasmic, indicating that SUMO-1 modification correlates with nuclear retention of Sp100. Immunoblotting with SUMO-1-specific antibody; cell fractionation; immunofluorescence colocalization The Journal of cell biology Medium 9412458
1999 SUMO-1 modification of PML at K487/K490 (within its nuclear localization signal region) is mediated by UBC9 binding to PML's RING finger domain. The SUMO-1 modification of PML-RARα fusion protein leads to SUMO-1-dependent degradation of PML-RARα in vitro. In vitro and in vivo SUMOylation assay; site-directed mutagenesis; yeast two-hybrid (UBC9-PML interaction); immunoprecipitation Journal of cell science Medium 9885291
2000 PML is required for proper formation of PML nuclear bodies; SUMO-1 conjugation of PML is a prerequisite for this function. In primary PML−/− cells, nuclear body proteins (Sp100, CBP, ISG20, Daxx, SUMO-1) fail to accumulate in nuclear bodies and are mislocalized. A SUMO-1-conjugation-deficient PML mutant cannot restore nuclear body formation. PML−/− primary cells; re-expression of wild-type vs. SUMO-conjugation-deficient PML mutant; immunofluorescence localization of nuclear body components Blood High 10779416
2000 Mdm2 is SUMOylated at K446 within its RING finger domain. SUMO-1 modification prevents Mdm2 self-ubiquitination and increases its E3 ligase activity toward p53 in vitro. A K446R mutant that cannot be SUMOylated is more stable but causes increased p53 degradation and inhibits p53-mediated apoptosis. DNA damage (radiation) decreases Mdm2 SUMOylation, inversely correlating with p53 levels. In vitro SUMOylation and ubiquitination assays; site-directed mutagenesis (K446R); apoptosis assay; immunoprecipitation Cell High 10892746
2000 Androgen receptor (AR) is SUMOylated in an androgen-enhanced fashion at consensus PsiKXE motifs in its N-terminal domain. Mutation of the SUMOylated lysines enhances AR transcriptional activity without affecting its transrepressing activity, indicating that SUMO-1 modification negatively regulates AR transactivation. In vivo SUMOylation assay; site-directed mutagenesis; transactivation reporter assay; co-immunoprecipitation with Ubc9 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 11121022
2000 c-Jun is modified by SUMO-1 at K229. JNK phosphorylation of c-Jun at S63/S73 inhibits SUMO-1 modification; a K229R mutant shows increased transactivation on AP-1-containing promoters, indicating SUMO-1 negatively regulates c-Jun activity. SUMO-1 modification of p53 is similarly inhibited by phosphorylation but is unaffected by Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination. In vitro and in vivo SUMOylation; site-directed mutagenesis; transactivation reporter assays; JNK activation experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 10788439
2000 SUMO-1 modification of SUMO-2/3-vs-SUMO-1 substrates is functionally distinct: SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 conjugation to high-molecular-mass proteins is induced by protein-damaging stress (heat shock), whereas RanGAP1 is conjugated preferentially by SUMO-1 (not SUMO-2/3), demonstrating paralogue-specific substrate preferences. Paralogue-specific antibody; immunoblotting; heat-shock and stress treatments; comparison of SUMO-1 vs SUMO-2/3 modification of RanGAP1 The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10692421
2000 SUMO-1 conjugation targets topoisomerase I (TOP1) in response to camptothecin (CPT)-induced DNA damage in both mammalian and yeast cells expressing human TOP1. This modification depends on UBC9; TOP1 physically interacts with UBC9. UBC9 mutant yeast expressing human TOP1 are hypersensitive to CPT, implicating UBC9/SUMO-1 in repair of TOP1-mediated DNA damage. Immunoblotting with SUMO-1/Smt3p antibodies; co-immunoprecipitation (TOP1–UBC9); genetic epistasis (ubc9 mutant yeast + CPT sensitivity) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 10759568
2000 SUMO-1 conjugation to DNA topoisomerase IIα and IIβ is induced by topoisomerase II-mediated DNA damage (VM-26) and also by ICRF-193 (which traps topoisomerase II in a clamp conformation without causing DNA strand breaks), suggesting the modification responds to protein conformational change rather than only DNA damage. Immunological characterization (anti-SUMO-1 and anti-topoII blotting); co-immunoprecipitation; drug treatment of HeLa cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10862613
2001 Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) undergoes stress-induced SUMO-1 modification at K298. SUMO-1 modification converts HSF1 to its DNA-binding form in a reconstituted in vitro SUMO-1 reaction. Mutation K298R prevents HSF1 colocalization with SUMO-1 in nuclear stress granules and reduces stress-induced transcriptional activity. In vitro reconstituted SUMO-1 modification assay; supershift EMSA with anti-SUMO-1; site-directed mutagenesis (K298R); immunofluorescence colocalization; transactivation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 11514557
2002 SUMO-1 modification of Sp3 at acceptor lysines represses its transcriptional activation and relocalizes it to the nuclear periphery and nuclear dots. Expression of SUMO-1 protease SuPr-1, or mutation of SUMO acceptor lysines, converts Sp3 to a strong activator with diffuse nuclear distribution. Covalent gene fusion of SUMO-1 to Sp3 is sufficient to repress transcription and drive nuclear peripheral/dot localization. Site-directed mutagenesis; SUMO-1 protease (SuPr-1) expression; SUMO-1–Sp3 fusion construct; transactivation reporter assay; immunofluorescence Molecular cell High 12419227
2002 The SUMO-1 protease SuPr-1 hydrolyzes SUMO-1-modified PML and redistributes PML from PML nuclear bodies (PODs), as well as other POD-associated proteins (CBP, Daxx). SuPr-1-dependent activation of c-Jun transcription requires PML and is lost in PML-deficient fibroblasts, placing SUMO-1 deconjugation from PML in the transcriptional regulatory pathway. SUMO-1 hydrolase activity assay; immunofluorescence (PML redistribution); transcription reporter; PML−/− fibroblasts (genetic epistasis) Molecular cell High 12419228
2002 SENP2 (a SUMO-1 protease) associates with the nucleoplasmic face of nuclear pores by binding Nup153 via its N-terminal domain. Deletion of the Nup153-interacting region of SENP2 significantly alters the spectrum of SUMO-1 conjugates in the cell, indicating that pore association restricts SENP2 activity to a subset of nuclear SUMO-1 conjugates. Localization by transfection/imaging; co-immunoprecipitation (SENP2–Nup153); deletion mutagenesis; immunoblotting of SUMO-1 conjugates after SENP2 domain removal The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11896061
2002 HDAC1 is SUMOylated in vitro and in vivo at C-terminal K444 and K476. Mutation of these residues profoundly reduces HDAC1-mediated transcriptional repression, and eliminates HDAC1-induced cell cycle and apoptotic responses upon overexpression, without affecting HDAC1 association with mSin3A. In vitro and in vivo SUMOylation assays; site-directed mutagenesis (K444R/K476R); transcriptional reporter assay; co-immunoprecipitation with mSin3A; cell cycle/apoptosis assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 11960997
2002 SUMO-1 targets RanGAP1 to kinetochores and mitotic spindles. RanGAP1 associates with mitotic spindles and concentrates near kinetochores from nuclear envelope breakdown until late anaphase. A SUMO-1-conjugation-deficient RanGAP1 mutant fails to associate with spindles; RanBP2 co-localizes with RanGAP1 on spindles, suggesting a RanGAP1–SUMO-1–RanBP2 complex mediates mitotic targeting. Immunofluorescence; SUMO-1-deficient RanGAP1 mutant expression; colocalization with RanBP2 during mitosis The Journal of cell biology High 11854305
2003 SUMO-1/Ubc9 promotes nuclear accumulation and metabolic stability of Smad4. SUMO-1 overexpression increases Smad4 levels and nuclear localization, enhancing TGF-β transcriptional responses; Ubc9 siRNA knockdown has the opposite effect. SUMO-1 modification of Smad4 protects it from ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Overexpression and siRNA knockdown of Ubc9/SUMO-1; subcellular fractionation; ubiquitination and half-life assays; transcriptional reporter assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 12813045
2004 SUMO-1 conjugates DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1) and numerous mitochondrial outer-membrane proteins; Ubc9 and SUMO-1 are specific DRP1-interacting proteins. YFP:SUMO-1 localizes to sites of mitochondrial fission and the tips of fragmented mitochondria. SUMO-1 overexpression stabilizes DRP1 from degradation, resulting in increased mitochondrial fragmentation. Co-immunoprecipitation (SUMO1/Ubc9–DRP1); video microscopy of YFP:SUMO1 at fission sites; mitochondrial fractionation; SUMOylation assay; DRP1 stability assay Current biology High 14972687
2004 SUMO-1 modification of GATA4 at K366 (mediated by E3 ligase PIAS1 via its RING finger domain) enhances GATA4 transcriptional activity and promotes GATA4 nuclear occupation. SUMO-1/PIAS1 together trigger activation of cardiogenic genes in pluripotent 10T1/2 fibroblasts. In vitro and in vivo SUMOylation assays; site-directed mutagenesis (K366R); transactivation reporter assay; nuclear localization imaging; cardiogenic gene activation in 10T1/2 cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 15337742
2005 Crystal structure of the central region of human TDG conjugated to SUMO-1 at 2.1 Å resolution reveals a helix protruding from the protein surface that interferes with product DNA, promoting TDG dissociation from the abasic site after base excision. Both covalent attachment and non-covalent SUMO-1–TDG contacts (validated by mutagenesis) are required for DNA release. X-ray crystallography (2.1 Å); site-directed mutagenesis of non-covalent SUMO-1–TDG interface; DNA-binding/release assay Nature High 15959518
2005 XPC protein is modified by both SUMO-1 and ubiquitin following UV irradiation in human fibroblasts, and these modifications require DDB2 and XPA. SUMO-1 modification of XPC protects it from degradation; in XP-A cells where XPC SUMOylation does not occur, XPC is significantly degraded after UV. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown of SUMO-1; NER-deficient cell lines (XP-A, XP-C, XP-E); proteasome inhibitor treatment Nucleic acids research Medium 16030353
2006 SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) form a beta-strand that binds SUMO-1 or SUMO-2 in parallel or antiparallel orientation relative to the β2-strand of SUMO. A stretch of acidic amino acids and/or phosphorylated serine residues flanking the SIM determines paralogue specificity (SUMO-1 vs SUMO-2) and can modulate spatial orientation of the interaction. Yeast two-hybrid screen; bioinformatics; NMR spectroscopy mapping of SIM binding surface on SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 The Journal of biological chemistry High 16524884
2006 SUMO-1 modification of DJ-1 at K130 (promoted by PIASxα or PIASy) is required for all DJ-1 functions including ras-dependent transformation, cell growth promotion, and anti-UV-induced apoptosis. Parkinson's disease-associated mutant DJ-1 L166P is improperly SUMOylated, becomes insoluble, mislocalizes to mitochondria, and is degraded by the proteasome. In vivo SUMOylation assay; site-directed mutagenesis (K130R); functional assays (transformation, cell growth, apoptosis); subcellular localization; proteasome inhibitor treatment Cell death and differentiation Medium 15976810
2006 Phosducin is SUMOylated at K33 in a consensus PsiKXE motif; SUMOylation protects phosducin from proteasomal degradation (K33R mutant has decreased stability and increased ubiquitination). SUMO-1 modification of phosducin decreases its ability to bind Gβγ subunits. In vitro and in vivo SUMOylation assays; site-directed mutagenesis (K33R); protein stability assay; ubiquitination assay; Gβγ co-immunoprecipitation The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 16421094
2006 SUMO-1 modification of SOD1 at K75 increases SOD1 steady-state levels and promotes aggregation. K75R mutation abolishes SOD1 SUMOylation; SUMO-1 co-localizes with SOD1 aggregates. The effect is observed for both wild-type and familial ALS-associated mutant SOD1. In vivo SUMOylation assay; site-directed mutagenesis (K75R); immunofluorescence colocalization; steady-state protein level assessment Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16828461
2007 Increased SUMO-1 modification of PML in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts contributes to resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis by increasing recruitment of the transcriptional repressor DAXX to PML nuclear bodies. SENP1 (nuclear SUMO protease), expressed at lower levels in RA SFs, can revert this effect by releasing DAXX from PML nuclear bodies. Overexpression and knockdown experiments; immunoprecipitation; DAXX-PML NB localization assay; Fas-induced apoptosis assay; SENP1 overexpression rescue Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 17360386
2008 Serine 2 of the SUMO-1 N-terminal protrusion is phosphorylated in vivo, detected in human, yeast, and Drosophila cells by high-accuracy mass spectrometry, indicating an evolutionarily conserved modification of the SUMO modifier itself. SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 differ at this position; only SUMO-3 could be phosphorylated equivalently. Endogenous protein mass spectrometry (high mass accuracy MS and MS/MS, complementary fragmentation); cross-species comparison Journal of proteome research Medium 18707152
2008 In Sumo1−/− mice, SUMO-1-conjugated RanGAP1 is undetectable; however, Sumo1-null mice are viable and fertile with no developmental defects, indicating most SUMO-1 functions are compensated in vivo by SUMO-2 and SUMO-3. Expression of Sumo2 and Sumo3 mRNAs was not upregulated in Sumo1-null mice, suggesting compensation occurs at the protein modification level. Homologous recombination Sumo1 knockout; RT-PCR; immunoblotting for SUMO-1-conjugated RanGAP1 in MEFs; phenotypic analysis (viability, fertility, Mendelian ratios) Molecular and cellular biology High 18573887
2011 The RanBP2/RanGAP1*SUMO1/Ubc9 complex at the nuclear pore functions as a SUMO E3 ligase with specificity for SUMO1 over SUMO2. RanBP2 domain IR1 primarily provides the E3 ligase activity and protects RanGAP1-SUMO1/UBC9 from proteases; IR2 retains SUMO1-interaction that promotes SUMO1-specific E3 activity. Crystal structures of UBC9 complexed with RanGAP1-SUMO1 vs SUMO2 reveal more extensive contacts for SUMO1. Domain deletion/swap constructs; protease protection assays; automodification assays; X-ray crystal structures of UBC9–RanGAP1–SUMO1/2 complexes The Journal of biological chemistry High 22194619
2012 SUMO-1 modification of PTEN at K266 (in the CBR3 loop of the C2 domain) facilitates PTEN binding to the plasma membrane through electrostatic interactions. This promotes downregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and suppresses anchorage-independent proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. K254 is also a minor SUMOylation site. In vivo and in vitro SUMOylation assays; site-directed mutagenesis (K266R, K254R); membrane fractionation; AKT phosphorylation assay; soft-agar and xenograft tumor assays Nature communications High 22713753
2012 SUMO-1 occupies chromatin at promoters of actively transcribed housekeeping genes (including translation factors and ribosomal subunit genes) from G1 through late S phase but not mitosis, correlating with H3K4me3 marks. Depletion of SUMO-1 downregulates these SUMO-1-marked genes, indicating that chromatin-associated SUMO-1 positively marks and activates transcription of ribosome biogenesis and translation genes. ChIP-seq (SUMO-1 chromatin occupancy across cell cycle); SUMO-1 siRNA depletion; gene expression analysis Nucleic acids research Medium 22941651
2014 CDK6 is SUMOylated by SUMO1 at K216, which blocks ubiquitination at K147, stabilizing CDK6 protein throughout the cell cycle. CDK1 phosphorylates Ubc9, which in turn mediates CDK6 SUMOylation during mitosis; CDK6 remains SUMOylated in G1 to drive G1/S transition. This SUMOylation-stabilization mechanism promotes glioblastoma progression. In vivo and in vitro SUMOylation/ubiquitination assays; site-directed mutagenesis (K216R, K147R); cell cycle synchronization; Ubc9 phosphorylation by CDK1 in vitro; CDK6 stability assay Nature communications High 24953629
2015 Akt directly phosphorylates SUMO1 at T76, stabilizing the SUMO1 protein, and phosphorylates Ubc9 at T35, promoting Ubc9 thioester bond formation. These modifications by Akt enhance global SUMOylation and alter substrate SUMOylation specificity (STAT1, CREB), creating a mechanism by which Akt SUMOylation regulates cell proliferation through cyclin D1. In vitro kinase assays (Akt phosphorylating Ubc9 and SUMO1); site-directed mutagenesis (T35, T76); thioester bond formation assay; global SUMOylation assessment; cyclin D1/cell proliferation assays Oncogene Medium 25867063
2016 The RanBP2/RanGAP1*SUMO1/Ubc9 complex at the nuclear pore functions as an autonomous disassembly machine for Crm1-dependent nuclear export complexes, with preference for Crm1 over other exportins. Three in vitro reconstituted disassembly intermediates were characterized: Crm1 export complex binding via FG-repeat patches, cargo release by RanBP2's Ran-binding domains, and Crm1 retention after Ran-GTP hydrolysis. All intermediates are compatible with SUMO E3 ligase activity. In vitro reconstitution of disassembly intermediates with purified components; biochemical characterization of intermediates; E3 ligase activity assay in the context of export complex disassembly Nature communications High 27160050
2019 PKD2 (polycystin-2) channels in arterial smooth muscle myocytes undergo triple SUMO1 modification; SUMO-PKD2 cycles between the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments. Intravascular pressure activates voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx, which promotes return of internalized SUMO-PKD2 to the plasma membrane. Reduced pressure, hyperpolarization, or Ca2+ influx inhibition causes lysosomal degradation of internalized SUMO-PKD2, reducing surface channel density. Desumoylation leads to loss of Na+ current activation and vasodilation. Inducible cell-specific Pkd2 knockout mice; biochemical SUMOylation assay; patch-clamp electrophysiology; live-cell trafficking assay; lysosomal inhibition; Ca2+ channel blockade Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 31822608
2019 NLRP3 is SUMOylated by SUMO1 at K204 (mediated by Ubc9), which facilitates ASC oligomerization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. SENP3 deSUMOylates NLRP3 at this site to attenuate ASC recruitment, inflammasome activation, and IL-1β cleavage. In vivo and in vitro SUMOylation assays; site-directed mutagenesis (K204R); co-immunoprecipitation (Ubc9–NLRP3); ASC oligomerization assay; IL-1β secretion assay; SENP3 overexpression/knockdown FASEB journal Medium 31914638
2017 SUMO1 modification of KHSRP at K87 (enhanced by hypoxia) inhibits its interaction with the pri-miRNA/Drosha-DGCR8 complex and promotes KHSRP translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm. This impairs processing of pre-miRNAs from pri-miRNAs that harbor short G-rich stretches in their terminal loops (TL-G-Rich miRNAs, including let-7 family), resulting in their downregulation and consequent tumorigenesis. In vivo and in vitro SUMOylation assays; site-directed mutagenesis (K87); nuclear/cytosol fractionation; co-immunoprecipitation with Drosha-DGCR8; RNA immunoprecipitation; high-throughput miRNA sequencing; xenograft tumor model Molecular cancer Medium 29020972

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 SUMO-1 modification of IkappaBalpha inhibits NF-kappaB activation. Molecular cell 930 9734360
2000 Functional heterogeneity of small ubiquitin-related protein modifiers SUMO-1 versus SUMO-2/3. The Journal of biological chemistry 734 10692421
2000 SUMO-1 conjugation in vivo requires both a consensus modification motif and nuclear targeting. The Journal of biological chemistry 636 11124955
1999 SUMO-1 modification activates the transcriptional response of p53. The EMBO journal 555 10562557
2000 Role of SUMO-1-modified PML in nuclear body formation. Blood 464 10779416
2006 Specification of SUMO1- and SUMO2-interacting motifs. The Journal of biological chemistry 441 16524884
1999 Activation of p53 by conjugation to the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO-1. The EMBO journal 432 10562558
1998 SUMO-1 modification and its role in targeting the Ran GTPase-activating protein, RanGAP1, to the nuclear pore complex. The Journal of cell biology 395 9456312
2000 Covalent modification of the androgen receptor by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 367 11121022
2000 c-Jun and p53 activity is modulated by SUMO-1 modification. The Journal of biological chemistry 344 10788439
2002 SUMO-1 modification represses Sp3 transcriptional activation and modulates its subnuclear localization. Molecular cell 311 12419227
2004 Sumo1 conjugates mitochondrial substrates and participates in mitochondrial fission. Current biology : CB 309 14972687
1997 Evidence for covalent modification of the nuclear dot-associated proteins PML and Sp100 by PIC1/SUMO-1. The Journal of cell biology 285 9412458
1999 SUMO-1 modification of the acute promyelocytic leukaemia protein PML: implications for nuclear localisation. Journal of cell science 262 9885291
2006 Distinct and overlapping sets of SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 target proteins revealed by quantitative proteomics. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 254 17000644
1998 Molecular characterization of the SUMO-1 modification of RanGAP1 and its role in nuclear envelope association. The Journal of cell biology 244 9442102
2002 SUMO-1 targets RanGAP1 to kinetochores and mitotic spindles. The Journal of cell biology 238 11854305
2000 SUMO-1 modification of Mdm2 prevents its self-ubiquitination and increases Mdm2 ability to ubiquitinate p53. Cell 214 10892746
2002 Association of the human SUMO-1 protease SENP2 with the nuclear pore. The Journal of biological chemistry 203 11896061
2001 Epstein-barr virus immediate-early protein BZLF1 is SUMO-1 modified and disrupts promyelocytic leukemia bodies. Journal of virology 203 11160742
2001 Regulation of heat shock transcription factor 1 by stress-induced SUMO-1 modification. The Journal of biological chemistry 203 11514557
2002 SUMO-1 modification of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) modulates its biological activities. The Journal of biological chemistry 197 11960997
2005 Crystal structure of thymine DNA glycosylase conjugated to SUMO-1. Nature 187 15959518
1999 In vitro SUMO-1 modification requires two enzymatic steps, E1 and E2. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 187 9920803
2000 SUMO-1 conjugation to topoisomerase I: A possible repair response to topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 176 10759568
2012 SUMO1 modification of PTEN regulates tumorigenesis by controlling its association with the plasma membrane. Nature communications 174 22713753
1998 Ubc9p and the conjugation of SUMO-1 to RanGAP1 and RanBP2. Current biology : CB 167 9427648
2003 SUMO-1/Ubc9 promotes nuclear accumulation and metabolic stability of tumor suppressor Smad4. The Journal of biological chemistry 155 12813045
2002 Ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO1 and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 155 12010456
2006 Proper SUMO-1 conjugation is essential to DJ-1 to exert its full activities. Cell death and differentiation 149 15976810
2008 Sumo-1 function is dispensable in normal mouse development. Molecular and cellular biology 146 18573887
2002 SUMO-1 protease-1 regulates gene transcription through PML. Molecular cell 146 12419228
2005 DNA repair factor XPC is modified by SUMO-1 and ubiquitin following UV irradiation. Nucleic acids research 137 16030353
2002 Small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) modification of the glucocorticoid receptor. The Biochemical journal 131 12144530
2003 PIAS proteins promote SUMO-1 conjugation to STAT1. Blood 129 12855578
2000 A new SUMO-1-specific protease, SUSP1, that is highly expressed in reproductive organs. The Journal of biological chemistry 124 10799485
2000 SUMO-1 conjugation to human DNA topoisomerase II isozymes. The Journal of biological chemistry 124 10862613
2007 Modification of nuclear PML protein by SUMO-1 regulates Fas-induced apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 17360386
2014 SUMO1 modification stabilizes CDK6 protein and drives the cell cycle and glioblastoma progression. Nature communications 104 24953629
2013 SUMO-1 gene transfer improves cardiac function in a large-animal model of heart failure. Science translational medicine 100 24225946
2002 PIAS3 induces SUMO-1 modification and transcriptional repression of IRF-1. FEBS letters 100 12387893
2000 Posttranslational modification of TEL and TEL/AML1 by SUMO-1 and cell-cycle-dependent assembly into nuclear bodies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 11078523
1999 PIC-1/SUMO-1-modified PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha mediates arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Molecular and cellular biology 87 10373566
2004 SUMO-1 modification activated GATA4-dependent cardiogenic gene activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 85 15337742
2016 The RanBP2/RanGAP1*SUMO1/Ubc9 SUMO E3 ligase is a disassembly machine for Crm1-dependent nuclear export complexes. Nature communications 83 27160050
2005 The protein stability and transcriptional activity of p63alpha are regulated by SUMO-1 conjugation. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 83 15611636
2002 SUMO-1 and p53. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 82 12429940
2018 miR-146a Suppresses SUMO1 Expression and Induces Cardiac Dysfunction in Maladaptive Hypertrophy. Circulation research 81 30355233
2006 SUMO-1 modification increases human SOD1 stability and aggregation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 79 16828461
2005 SUMO-1 conjugation selectively modulates STAT1-mediated gene responses. Blood 79 15761017
2002 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe aurora-related kinase Ark1 interacts with the inner centromere protein Pic1 and mediates chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Molecular biology of the cell 76 11950927
2010 Modification of nonstructural protein 1 of influenza A virus by SUMO1. Journal of virology 75 21047957
1997 SUMO-1: Ubiquitin gains weight. Trends in cell biology 73 17708991
2005 Covalent modification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p6 by SUMO-1. Journal of virology 68 15613319
2015 SUMO1 promotes Aβ production via the modulation of autophagy. Autophagy 67 25484073
2015 SUMO modification of Akt regulates global SUMOylation and substrate SUMOylation specificity through Akt phosphorylation of Ubc9 and SUMO1. Oncogene 67 25867063
2011 Determinants of small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) protein specificity, E3 ligase, and SUMO-RanGAP1 binding activities of nucleoporin RanBP2. The Journal of biological chemistry 67 22194619
2014 The role of SUMO-1 in cardiac oxidative stress and hypertrophy. Antioxidants & redox signaling 66 24893265
2004 SUMO-1 promotes association of SNURF (RNF4) with PML nuclear bodies. Experimental cell research 63 15707587
2019 SUMO1 SUMOylates and SENP3 deSUMOylates NLRP3 to orchestrate the inflammasome activation. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 59 31914638
2006 SUMO-1 controls the protein stability and the biological function of phosducin. The Journal of biological chemistry 59 16421094
2010 Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-1 promotes glycolysis in hypoxia. The Journal of biological chemistry 58 21123177
2012 Chromatin modification by SUMO-1 stimulates the promoters of translation machinery genes. Nucleic acids research 56 22941651
2004 Modification of the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 by SUMO-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 56 15173587
2011 SUMO1 negatively regulates reactive oxygen species production from NADPH oxidases. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 54 21527745
2004 RanGAP1*SUMO1 is phosphorylated at the onset of mitosis and remains associated with RanBP2 upon NPC disassembly. The Journal of cell biology 54 15037602
2007 Small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) modification of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 53 18067453
2002 SUMO-1 modification of human cytomegalovirus IE1/IE72. Journal of virology 52 11861864
2012 SUMO1 modulates Aβ generation via BACE1 accumulation. Neurobiology of aging 51 22975420
2006 SUMO-1-dependent allosteric regulation of thymine DNA glycosylase alters subnuclear localization and CBP/p300 recruitment. Molecular and cellular biology 50 17060459
2005 SUMO-1 marks subdomains within glial cytoplasmic inclusions of multiple system atrophy. Neuroscience letters 47 15882793
2006 SUMO-1 modification of MEF2A regulates its transcriptional activity. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 43 16563226
2013 PIASxα ligase enhances SUMO1 modification of PTEN protein as a SUMO E3 ligase. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 24344134
2019 Inhibiting SUMO1-mediated SUMOylation induces autophagy-mediated cancer cell death and reduces tumour cell invasion via RAC1. Journal of cell science 41 31578236
2017 SUMO1 modification of KHSRP regulates tumorigenesis by preventing the TL-G-Rich miRNA biogenesis. Molecular cancer 41 29020972
2008 SUMO-1 transiently localizes to Cajal bodies in mammalian neurons. Journal of structural biology 38 18571432
2017 Generation of specific inhibitors of SUMO-1- and SUMO-2/3-mediated protein-protein interactions using Affimer (Adhiron) technology. Science signaling 37 29138295
2015 Increased SUMO-1 expression in response to hypoxia: Interaction with HIF-1α in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. International journal of molecular medicine 37 25976847
2012 SUMO-1 is associated with a subset of lysosomes in glial protein aggregate diseases. Neurotoxicity research 37 23229893
2010 Overexpression of SUMO-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: a latent target for diagnosis and therapy of hepatoma. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 37 20502916
2008 Phosphorylation of SUMO-1 occurs in vivo and is conserved through evolution. Journal of proteome research 37 18707152
2017 Analysis of SUMO1-conjugation at synapses. eLife 35 28598330
2012 SUMO1-activating enzyme subunit 1 is essential for the survival of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in zebrafish. Development (Cambridge, England) 35 23132242
2012 SUMO-1 regulates body weight and adipogenesis via PPARγ in male and female mice. Endocrinology 35 23270804
2023 Paralogue-Specific Roles of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 in Protein Quality Control and Associated Diseases. Cells 34 38201212
2011 Complex SUMO-1 regulation of cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5. PloS one 34 21931855
2014 SUMO-1 plays crucial roles for spindle organization, chromosome congression, and chromosome segregation during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Molecular reproduction and development 33 25123474
2004 SUMO-1 modification of the Wilms' tumor suppressor WT1. Cancer research 33 15520190
2022 Deletion of SUMO1 attenuates behavioral and anatomical deficits by regulating autophagic activities in Huntington disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 31 35086928
2020 Protein sumoylation with SUMO1 promoted by Pin1 in glioma stem cells augments glioblastoma malignancy. Neuro-oncology 30 32592588
2019 Muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) functions and cellular localization are regulated by SUMO1 post-translational modification. Journal of molecular cell biology 30 29868881
2019 SUMO1 modification of PKD2 channels regulates arterial contractility. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 30 31822608
2021 A SUMO1-Derived Peptide Targeting SUMO-Interacting Motif Inhibits α-Synuclein Aggregation. Cell chemical biology 29 33444530
2017 SUMO1 impact on Alzheimer disease pathology in an amyloid-depositing mouse model. Neurobiology of disease 29 29217476
2013 Increased SUMO-1 expression in the unilateral rotenone-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience letters 29 23583339
2010 Sumo1-ylation of human spermatozoa and its relationship with semen quality. International journal of andrology 29 21039605
2015 Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1 (PIC1) Rapidly Inhibits Complement Activation after Intravascular Injection in Rats. PloS one 28 26196285
2021 Ubiquitination and degradation of SUMO1 by small-molecule degraders extends survival of mice with patient-derived tumors. Science translational medicine 26 34644148
2018 Ubc9 overexpression and SUMO1 deficiency blunt inflammation after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 26 29472640
2005 Effects of SUMO-1 upon Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 function and BMRF1 expression. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 26 16112644

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