Affinage

UBA2

SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 · UniProt Q9UBT2

Length
640 aa
Mass
71.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 4/4 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

UBA2 (SAE2) is the catalytic subunit of the heterodimeric SUMO E1-activating enzyme, partnering with AOS1/SAE1 to initiate the SUMO conjugation cascade; in the presence of AOS1 it forms a beta-mercaptoethanol-sensitive thioester with SUMO-1/sentrin family members but not with ubiquitin or NEDD8, defining its dedicated role in SUMO activation (PMID:10217437). Working with the E2 enzyme Ubc9, the SAE1/UBA2 E1 charges SUMO and enables formation of polymeric SUMO-2/3 chains on substrates bearing the psiKXE consensus motif (PMID:11451954), and structural analysis of the UBA2 ubiquitin-fold domain bound to Ubc9 shows that SUMO loading onto Ubc9 and E3-catalyzed transfer are sterically separated steps requiring large conformational changes in UBA2 (PMID:21209884). UBA2 activity is itself regulated by post-translational control of the enzyme: Ubc9-catalyzed SUMOylation of lysines within its bipartite NLS drives nuclear accumulation of the SAE1/UBA2 heterodimer (PMID:23095757), while during mitosis HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of UBA2 at lysine 164 selectively biases the enzyme toward SUMO1 conjugation of substrates such as NuMA to ensure proper spindle geometry and mitotic fidelity (PMID:40836035). Through this activity UBA2 controls substrate-specific SUMOylation events with downstream physiological consequences, including SUMOylation of PKM2 to drive glycolysis (PMID:32938830), of NQO1 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma growth via MAPK signaling (PMID:39013843), and SUMO-2/3 modification of RhoGDI1 that protects it from ubiquitin-mediated degradation (PMID:33891248).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 6 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Established that UBA2 is the catalytic subunit of a heterodimeric SUMO-specific E1 enzyme, answering whether SUMO activation uses a dedicated machinery distinct from ubiquitin/NEDD8.

    Evidence In vitro thioester conjugation assay with AOS1, testing SUMO-1 vs ubiquitin vs NEDD8 and beta-ME sensitivity

    PMID:10217437

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the active-site cysteine residue directly
    • SUMO paralog selectivity not addressed
  2. 2001 High

    Showed that the SAE1/UBA2 E1 together with Ubc9 builds SUMO-2/3 polychains via the psiKXE consensus, explaining a mechanistic basis for paralog-specific chain formation.

    Evidence In vitro SUMOylation with purified SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9 plus in vivo detection of SUMO-2 chains

    PMID:11451954

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological substrates of polychains not identified
    • Does not explain how SUMO1 vs SUMO2/3 choice is regulated in cells
  3. 2010 High

    Defined the structural basis for handoff of SUMO from UBA2 to Ubc9, establishing that E1 loading and E3 transfer are mutually exclusive on Ubc9.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of yeast Uba2 ufd alone and bound to Ubc9, with binding-site overlap analysis

    PMID:21209884

    Open questions at the time
    • Conformational changes inferred from modeling rather than captured directly
    • Human full-cycle structure not resolved here
  4. 2012 High

    Revealed that UBA2 SUMOylation on its NLS lysines controls nuclear import of the entire SAE complex, linking an autoregulatory PTM to enzyme localization.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, SUMOylation-site mutagenesis, live-cell imaging of GFP-SAE2, co-IP

    PMID:23095757

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of cytoplasmic vs nuclear E1 pool on substrate choice unresolved
    • Trigger for shuttling not defined
  5. 2021 Medium

    Extended UBA2 function to substrate-specific physiological SUMOylation, showing it modifies metabolic and signaling proteins (PKM2, NQO1, RhoGDI1) with disease-relevant consequences.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, co-IP for SUMOylation, site mutagenesis, functional assays and in vivo tumor/arthritis models across three independent studies

    PMID:32938830 PMID:33891248 PMID:39013843

    Open questions at the time
    • Each substrate validated by co-IP in a single lab
    • Direct vs indirect requirement for UBA2 not always distinguished
  6. 2025 High

    Identified an acetylation switch on UBA2 (K164) read out by HDAC6 that biases the E1 toward SUMO1 during mitosis, providing a mechanism for paralog selection at a cell-cycle stage.

    Evidence K164 acetyl-mimetic mutagenesis, HDAC6 inhibition/knockdown, spindle immunofluorescence, and rescue with SUMO1 or SUMO1-NuMA fusion

    PMID:40836035

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for how K164 acetylation alters paralog preference not resolved
    • Acetyltransferase opposing HDAC6 not identified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How distinct regulatory inputs (NLS SUMOylation, K164 acetylation, paralog selection) are integrated to direct UBA2 toward specific substrates in different cellular contexts remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking UBA2 PTM state to substrate/paralog output
  • Genome-wide substrate map of UBA2-dependent SUMOylation lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0016874 ligase activity 2 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1
Partners
AOS1HDAC6SAE1UBE2I
Complex memberships
SUMO E1 activating enzyme (SAE1/UBA2 heterodimer)

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 Human UBA2 forms a heterodimeric SUMO E1-activating enzyme complex with AOS1 (SAE1). UBA2 forms a beta-mercaptoethanol-sensitive thioester conjugate with SUMO-1/sentrin family members in the presence of AOS1, but not with ubiquitin or NEDD8, establishing it as the catalytic subunit of the SUMO E1. In vitro conjugation assay, thioester formation assay FEBS letters High 10217437
2001 The SAE1/SAE2 (AOS1/UBA2) heterodimeric E1 enzyme and Ubc9 E2 catalyze formation of polymeric SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 chains on protein substrates in vitro, because SUMO-2/3 contain the consensus SUMO modification site (psiKXE) that SUMO-1 lacks. SUMO-2 chains are also detected in vivo. In vitro SUMOylation assay with purified SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9; in vivo detection of SUMO-2 chains The Journal of biological chemistry High 11451954
2010 Crystal structure of the ubiquitin fold domain (ufd) of yeast Uba2 alone and in complex with Ubc9 reveals the E1-E2 interaction surface for SUMO transfer. The Uba2(ufd)-Ubc9 structure shows overlap between Uba2 and E3 binding sites on Ubc9, indicating that SUMO loading and E3-catalyzed transfer are strictly separate steps. Structural modeling supports large conformational changes in Uba2 during the reaction. X-ray crystallography; structural comparison with prior full-length human Uba2 structure PloS one High 21209884
2012 The SAE2 subunit of human SUMO activation enzyme (SAE1/UBA2 heterodimer) undergoes rapid nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and its nuclear accumulation depends on SUMO modification at its C terminus. SUMOylation occurs at three Lys residues on the bipartite NLS and two adjacent Lys residues, catalyzed by Ubc9. Because SAE2 forms a tight heterodimer with SAE1 and controls trafficking of the heterodimer, SAE2 SUMOylation is the mechanism for nuclear localization of the SAE complex. Subcellular fractionation, site-directed mutagenesis of SUMOylation sites, live-cell imaging of GFP-tagged SAE2, co-immunoprecipitation The Journal of biological chemistry High 23095757
2021 SAE1/UBA2-mediated SUMOylation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) promotes PKM2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation and decreases PK activity in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes, driving glycolysis. STAT5A mediates SUMOylated PKM2-induced glycolysis. SAE1/UBA2 siRNA knockdown and the SUMOylation inhibitor GA reduced glycolysis, aggressive phenotype, and inflammation. siRNA knockdown, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, functional metabolic assays, mouse arthritis model JCI insight Medium 32938830
2025 HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of SAE2 at lysine 164 during mitosis selectively promotes SUMO1 (over SUMO2/3) activation and conjugation. A non-deacetylatable SAE2-K164Q acetyl-mimetic mutant suppresses mitotic SUMO1 conjugation and promotes multipolar spindle formation. NuMA is identified as a SUMO E1-dependent substrate; mitotic defects from SAE2-K164Q or HDAC6 inhibition are rescued by SUMO1 overexpression or SUMO1-NuMA fusion. Thus, HDAC6-catalyzed deacetylation of SAE2-K164 is required for mitotic SUMO1 fidelity. Site-directed mutagenesis, HDAC6 inhibition/knockdown, western blotting, immunofluorescence for spindle geometry, co-immunoprecipitation, rescue experiments The EMBO journal High 40836035
1997 Yeast Uba2 interacts with poly(A) polymerase (Pap1) via its C-terminal 115 amino acids (a region not present in previously characterized E1 enzymes). Both Uba2 and Ufd1 co-immunoprecipitate with Pap1 from cell extracts. Depletion of Uba2 from cells produces extracts with increased polyadenylation efficiency, suggesting Uba2 negatively regulates poly(A) polymerase activity. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro polyadenylation assay with Uba2-depleted extracts Molecular & general genetics : MGG Medium 9236779
2021 UBA2 SUMOylates NQO1 at lysine K240 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells; mutation of NQO1-K240 abolishes this modification. UBA2-mediated SUMOylation of NQO1 promotes HCC cell growth, invasion, and migration through the MAPK pathway. The SUMO inhibitor ML792 reverses UBA2-driven oncogenic effects in vivo and in vitro. Immunoprecipitation for SUMOylation, site-directed mutagenesis (K240R), RNA-seq, western blotting, in vivo tumor models Cancer science Medium 39013843
2021 Ang II promotes SUMO2/3 (but not SUMO1) modification of RhoGDI1 through Aos1 and Uba2 subunits in vascular smooth muscle cells. Suppression of Uba2 by siRNA inhibited Ang II-induced SUMO2/3 modification of RhoGDI1, promoted RhoGDI1 ubiquitination and degradation, and inhibited cell proliferation, demonstrating that Uba2 is required for SUMO2/3-dependent stabilization of RhoGDI1. siRNA knockdown of Uba2, co-immunoprecipitation for SUMOylation and ubiquitination, EdU proliferation assay Cardiovascular drugs and therapy Medium 33891248
2001 Drosophila Uba2 (dUba2) is nucleoplasmic throughout most of the cell cycle but is lost from the nucleus during mitosis, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. dUba2 does not localize to sites of chorion gene amplification in ovaries, indicating it is not recruited to active DNA replication sites. Immunofluorescence, cell fractionation by localization imaging Biochimica et biophysica acta Low 11267682
2021 UBA2 (SUMO E1) is required for normal porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development in vitro; addition of exogenous UBA2 protein increases SUMO-1 protein content in mature oocytes, promotes maturation rate, blastocyst rate, and modulates expression of apoptosis genes (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3), showing UBA2 regulates SUMO-1 conjugation during oocyte development. Exogenous UBA2 protein supplementation, western blotting for SUMO-1, RT-qPCR for apoptosis genes, developmental rate scoring Animal science journal Low 33835647

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 Sae2, Exo1 and Sgs1 collaborate in DNA double-strand break processing. Nature 834 18806779
2001 Polymeric chains of SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 are conjugated to protein substrates by SAE1/SAE2 and Ubc9. The Journal of biological chemistry 697 11451954
2008 CDK targets Sae2 to control DNA-end resection and homologous recombination. Nature 381 18716619
2014 Sae2 promotes dsDNA endonuclease activity within Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 to resect DNA breaks. Nature 358 25231868
2010 Ku prevents Exo1 and Sgs1-dependent resection of DNA ends in the absence of a functional MRX complex or Sae2. The EMBO journal 252 20729809
2007 Sae2 is an endonuclease that processes hairpin DNA cooperatively with the Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 complex. Molecular cell 232 18042458
2010 Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 and Sae2 promote 5' strand resection of DNA double-strand breaks. Nature structural & molecular biology 190 21102445
1997 A general method for identifying recessive diploid-specific mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, its application to the isolation of mutants blocked at intermediate stages of meiotic prophase and characterization of a new gene SAE2. Genetics 172 9215888
2005 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sae2 protein promotes resection and bridging of double strand break ends. The Journal of biological chemistry 163 16162495
1999 Molecular cloning and characterization of human AOS1 and UBA2, components of the sentrin-activating enzyme complex. FEBS letters 139 10217437
2007 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sae2- and Tel1-dependent single-strand DNA formation at DNA break promotes microhomology-mediated end joining. Genetics 134 17565964
2001 Fidelity of mitotic double-strand-break repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a role for SAE2/COM1. Genetics 124 11333222
2006 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sae2 protein negatively regulates DNA damage checkpoint signalling. EMBO reports 111 16374511
2018 Physiological protein blocks direct the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 and Sae2 nuclease complex to initiate DNA end resection. Genes & development 110 29321179
2018 Plasticity of the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2-Sae2 nuclease ensemble in the processing of DNA-bound obstacles. Genes & development 103 29321177
2004 The functions of budding yeast Sae2 in the DNA damage response require Mec1- and Tel1-dependent phosphorylation. Molecular and cellular biology 98 15121837
2005 The UBA2 domain functions as an intrinsic stabilization signal that protects Rad23 from proteasomal degradation. Molecular cell 95 15837425
2007 A novel plant gene essential for meiosis is related to the human CtIP and the yeast COM1/SAE2 gene. The EMBO journal 88 18007598
2010 Making the best of the loose ends: Mre11/Rad50 complexes and Sae2 promote DNA double-strand break resection. DNA repair 71 21050828
2000 Biochemical and structural analysis of the interaction between the UBA(2) domain of the DNA repair protein HHR23A and HIV-1 Vpr. Biochemistry 69 11087358
2006 Budding Yeast Sae2 is an In Vivo Target of the Mec1 and Tel1 Checkpoint Kinases During Meiosis. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 68 16861895
2007 A conserved function for a Caenorhabditis elegans Com1/Sae2/CtIP protein homolog in meiotic recombination. The EMBO journal 67 18007596
2002 UBA1 and UBA2, two proteins that interact with UBP1, a multifunctional effector of pre-mRNA maturation in plants. Molecular and cellular biology 62 12024044
2018 Sae2/CtIP prevents R-loop accumulation in eukaryotic cells. eLife 61 30523780
2018 Regulatory control of DNA end resection by Sae2 phosphorylation. Nature communications 60 30275497
2019 Stepwise 5' DNA end-specific resection of DNA breaks by the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 and Sae2 nuclease ensemble. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 56 30819891
2015 Escape of Sgs1 from Rad9 inhibition reduces the requirement for Sae2 and functional MRX in DNA end resection. EMBO reports 55 25637499
2015 Mre11-Sae2 and RPA Collaborate to Prevent Palindromic Gene Amplification. Molecular cell 52 26545079
2020 Increased SUMO-activating enzyme SAE1/UBA2 promotes glycolysis and pathogenic behavior of rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. JCI insight 51 32938830
2015 Sae2 Function at DNA Double-Strand Breaks Is Bypassed by Dampening Tel1 or Rad53 Activity. PLoS genetics 49 26584331
2015 Knockdown of SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 (SAE2) suppresses cancer malignancy and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity in small cell lung cancer. Journal of hematology & oncology 48 26063074
2008 Functional interactions between Sae2 and the Mre11 complex. Genetics 46 18245357
2017 CtIP/Ctp1/Sae2, molecular form fit for function. DNA repair 44 28623092
2010 Crystal structure of UBA2(ufd)-Ubc9: insights into E1-E2 interactions in Sumo pathways. PloS one 44 21209884
2015 Sae2 promotes DNA damage resistance by removing the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex from DNA and attenuating Rad53 signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 43 25831494
2015 Caffeine impairs resection during DNA break repair by reducing the levels of nucleases Sae2 and Dna2. Nucleic acids research 43 26019182
2018 Sae2 antagonizes Rad9 accumulation at DNA double-strand breaks to attenuate checkpoint signaling and facilitate end resection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 42 30510002
2012 Sumoylation of SAE2 C terminus regulates SAE nuclear localization. The Journal of biological chemistry 41 23095757
2010 MRE11 and COM1/SAE2 are required for double-strand break repair and efficient chromosome pairing during meiosis of the protist Tetrahymena. Chromosoma 40 20422424
2015 Synthetic viability genomic screening defines Sae2 function in DNA repair. The EMBO journal 39 25899817
2013 Phosphorylation-regulated transitions in an oligomeric state control the activity of the Sae2 DNA repair enzyme. Molecular and cellular biology 38 24344201
2014 Sgs1 and Sae2 promote telomere replication by limiting accumulation of ssDNA. Nature communications 33 25254351
2013 Coincident resection at both ends of random, γ-induced double-strand breaks requires MRX (MRN), Sae2 (Ctp1), and Mre11-nuclease. PLoS genetics 32 23555316
2015 Phosphorylation of Sae2 Mediates Forkhead-associated (FHA) Domain-specific Interaction and Regulates Its DNA Repair Function. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 25762720
1997 The Uba2 and Ufd1 proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae interact with poly(A) polymerase and affect the polyadenylation activity of cell extracts. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 27 9236779
2012 Cyclin-dependent kinase-dependent phosphorylation of Lif1 and Sae2 controls imprecise nonhomologous end joining accompanied by double-strand break resection. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 24 22563681
2017 Fumarase is involved in DNA double-strand break resection through a functional interaction with Sae2. Current genetics 23 29204698
2020 Monensin inhibits proliferation, migration, and promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells via downregulating UBA2. Drug development research 22 32462716
2018 UBA2 promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer. Molecular medicine reports 22 30387828
2016 Nucleolytic processing of aberrant replication intermediates by an Exo1-Dna2-Sae2 axis counteracts fork collapse-driven chromosome instability. Nucleic acids research 22 27672038
2021 Sae2 and Rif2 regulate MRX endonuclease activity at DNA double-strand breaks in opposite manners. Cell reports 21 33789097
2015 Cutis Aplasia as a clinical hallmark for the syndrome associated with 19q13.11 deletion: the possible role for UBA2 gene. Molecular cytogenetics 21 25883683
2014 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rif1 cooperates with MRX-Sae2 in promoting DNA-end resection. EMBO reports 21 24692507
2013 Processing of DNA double-stranded breaks and intermediates of recombination and repair by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11 and its stimulation by Rad50, Xrs2, and Sae2 proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 23443654
2021 Targeting SUMOylation dependency in human cancer stem cells through a unique SAE2 motif revealed by chemical genomics. Cell chemical biology 20 33979648
2019 Identifying UBA2 as a proliferation and cell cycle regulator in lung cancer A549 cells. Journal of cellular biochemistry 20 30848500
2018 Knockdown of Uba2 inhibits colorectal cancer cell invasion and migration through downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Journal of cellular biochemistry 20 29744931
2014 DNA repair pathway selection caused by defects in TEL1, SAE2, and de novo telomere addition generates specific chromosomal rearrangement signatures. PLoS genetics 20 24699249
2021 UBA2 variants underlie a recognizable syndrome with variable aplasia cutis congenita and ectrodactyly. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 18 34040189
2019 CDK and Mec1/Tel1-catalyzed phosphorylation of Sae2 regulate different responses to DNA damage. Nucleic acids research 18 31552432
2014 High-level SAE2 promotes malignant phenotype and predicts outcome in gastric cancer. American journal of cancer research 18 25628926
2019 Comprehensive clinical and molecular studies in split-hand/foot malformation: identification of two plausible candidate genes (LRP6 and UBA2). European journal of human genetics : EJHG 17 31332306
2017 Missense variant in UBA2 associated with aplasia cutis congenita, duane anomaly, hip dysplasia and other anomalies: A possible new disorder involving the SUMOylation pathway. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 17 28110515
2020 UBA2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of R28 retinal precursor cells from hypoxia by extracellular vesicles derived from placental mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell research & therapy 16 33008487
2014 19q13.11 microdeletion concomitant with ins(2;19)(p25.3;q13.1q13.4)dn in a boy: potential role of UBA2 in the associated phenotype. Molecular cytogenetics 16 25516771
2020 SH3PXD2A-AS1/miR-330-5p/UBA2 ceRNA network mediates the progression of colorectal cancer through regulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Environmental toxicology 15 33073888
2019 A novel DNA repair inhibitor, diallyl disulfide (DADS), impairs DNA resection during DNA double-strand break repair by reducing Sae2 and Exo1 levels. DNA repair 14 31479843
2017 Genetic Separation of Sae2 Nuclease Activity from Mre11 Nuclease Functions in Budding Yeast. Molecular and cellular biology 14 28970327
2024 Molecular insights into the activation of Mre11-Rad50 endonuclease activity by Sae2/CtIP. Molecular cell 13 38870937
2017 Keeping it real: MRX-Sae2 clipping of natural substrates. Genes & development 11 29352017
2001 Identification and characterisation of the Drosophila homologue of the yeast Uba2 gene. Biochimica et biophysica acta 11 11267682
2013 Binding of HIV-1 Vpr protein to the human homolog of the yeast DNA repair protein RAD23 (hHR23A) requires its xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C binding (XPCB) domain as well as the ubiquitin-associated 2 (UBA2) domain. The Journal of biological chemistry 10 24318982
2024 Sae2 controls Mre11 endo- and exonuclease activities by different mechanisms. Nature communications 9 39174552
2018 Uncoupling Sae2 Functions in Downregulation of Tel1 and Rad53 Signaling Activities. Genetics 9 30538107
2015 High-level SAE2 promotes malignant phenotype and predicts outcome in gastric cancer. American journal of cancer research 9 25973299
2024 UBA2 SUMOylates NQO1 and promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating the MAPK pathway. Cancer science 8 39013843
2021 FOXD3-induced miR-133a blocks progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer through regulating UBA2. Journal of Cancer 8 34539887
2021 Sir3 heterochromatin protein promotes non-homologous end joining by direct inhibition of Sae2. The EMBO journal 8 34817085
2020 Genotype-phenotype correlations of UBA2 mutations in patients with ectrodactyly. European journal of medical genetics 8 32758660
2022 A somatic UBA2 variant preceded ETV6-RUNX1 in the concordant BCP-ALL of monozygotic twins. Blood advances 7 34982829
2019 Identification of a miniature Sae2/Ctp1/CtIP ortholog from Paramecium tetraurelia required for sexual reproduction and DNA double-strand break repair. DNA repair 6 30928893
2016 Genetic and biochemical evidences reveal novel insights into the mechanism underlying Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sae2-mediated abrogation of DNA replication stress. Journal of biosciences 6 27966484
2008 APOBEC3G-UBA2 fusion as a potential strategy for stable expression of APOBEC3G and inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Retrovirology 6 18680593
2022 Nej1 interacts with Sae2 at DNA double-stranded breaks to inhibit DNA resection. The Journal of biological chemistry 5 35429499
2021 UBA2 promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma by suppressing the p53 signaling. Irish journal of medical science 5 34467471
2018 Identification of the UBA2-WTIP fusion gene in acute myeloid leukemia. Experimental cell research 5 30179602
2013 High-yield expression of mouse Aos1-Uba2-fusion SUMO-activating enzyme, mAU, in a baculovirus-insect cell system. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 5 23832333
2021 Ang II Promotes SUMO2/3 Modification of RhoGDI1 Through Aos1 and Uba2 Subunits, and then Regulates RhoGDI1 Stability and Cell Proliferation. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 4 33891248
2018 Molecular cloning and characterization of Aos1 and Uba2 from the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish & shellfish immunology 4 30041050
2022 circXRCC5 foster gastric cancer growth and metastasis by the HNRNPC/circXRCC5/miR-655-3p/RREB1/UBA2 positive feedback loop. Cancer gene therapy 3 35661832
2021 Effects of the E1 activating enzyme UBA2 on porcine oocyte maturation, apoptosis, and embryonic development in vitro. Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 3 33835647
2021 Interplay between Sae2 and Rif2 in the regulation of Mre11-Rad50 activities at DNA ends. Current opinion in genetics & development 3 34311383
2018 Probing Denatured State Conformational Bias in a Three-Helix Bundle, UBA(2), Using a Cytochrome c Fusion Protein. Biochemistry 3 29480716
2025 HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of SAE2 enhances SUMO1 conjugation for mitotic integrity. The EMBO journal 2 40836035
2024 Functional and molecular insights into the role of Sae2 C-terminus in the activation of MRX endonuclease. Nucleic acids research 1 39558159
2014 Construction of a mouse Aos1-Uba2 chimeric SUMO-E1 enzyme, mAU, and its expression in baculovirus-insect cells. Bioengineered 1 24637489
2025 Uncovering a Diagnosis Through Reanalysis of UBA2 Variants in a Patient with Syndactyly, Polydactyly, and Aplasia Cutis Congenita: A Short Report and a Review of the Literature. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers 0 40249340
2025 Sae2 integrates CDK and checkpoint phosphorylation to coordinate MRX cleavage with checkpoint attenuation. Communications biology 0 41444448
2023 ATM/ATR Phosphorylation of CtIP on Its Conserved Sae2-like Domain Is Required for Genotoxin-Induced DNA Resection but Dispensable for Animal Development. Cells 0 38067190
2015 Prevent and Cure: RPA Cooperates with Mre11-Sae2 in DNA Secondary Structure Repair. Molecular cell 0 26545073

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