Affinage

STEAP1

STEAP1 protein · UniProt Q9UHE8

Length
339 aa
Mass
39.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
74 papers in source corpus 26 papers cited in narrative 26 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

STEAP1 is a six-transmembrane plasma-membrane hemoprotein, originally identified at cell-cell junctions of prostate secretory epithelium, that serves as a metalloreductase module within the STEAP family and as a driver of oncogenic phenotypes in multiple cancers (PMID:10588738, PMID:27792302, PMID:22080479). Biochemically, purified STEAP1 assembles as a homotrimer—and a heterotrimer with STEAP2—with each protomer binding a single b-type heme coordinated by histidine axial ligands, plus low-affinity FAD; in its ferrous state it reduces Fe3+ and Cu2+ and reacts with O2 by an outer-sphere redox mechanism (PMID:27792302). Unlike STEAP2/3/4, STEAP1 lacks an intracellular NADPH-binding oxidoreductase domain and shows no standalone cellular ferric reductase activity, but the cryo-EM structure reveals a reductase-like transmembrane fold, and STEAP1 gains ferric reductase activity when supplied an oxidoreductase domain—either fused to the STEAP4 NADPH domain, reconstituted with reduced FAD or cytochrome b5 reductase, or supplied diffusible FAD reduced by STEAP2—establishing it as a cross-membrane electron-transfer component dependent on partner subunits (PMID:26205815, PMID:32409586, PMID:37983176). In cancer, STEAP1 promotes proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, acting through ROS-linked redox signaling and the JAK2/STAT3, AKT/FoxO1, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, with loss-of-function reducing tumor growth and metastasis in Ewing sarcoma, gastric, lung, and prostate models (PMID:22080479, PMID:32515474, PMID:33128353, PMID:42046243). Its expression is controlled at multiple levels: transcriptionally by the EWS/FLI1 fusion oncoprotein cooperating with NKX2.2, and by the androgen receptor in prostate cancer; translationally by phospho-eIF4E; and post-transcriptionally by METTL14/IGF2BP2-mediated m6A mRNA stabilization (PMID:22080479, PMID:34073779, PMID:25453051, PMID:31949502, PMID:39193903). Notably, STEAP1 acts as a tumor suppressor in some contexts, with overexpression in breast and oral squamous carcinoma inhibiting invasion and EMT (PMID:30253922, PMID:42046243).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1999 Medium

    Established STEAP1's existence and subcellular setting—a six-transmembrane protein at prostate epithelial cell-cell junctions—framing the initial hypothesis that it is a channel or transporter.

    Evidence cDNA subtraction cloning, IHC and cell-surface protein analysis across cancer cell lines

    PMID:10588738

    Open questions at the time
    • No transport or enzymatic activity demonstrated
    • Functional role of junctional localization unresolved
  2. 2006 High

    Demonstrated that STEAP2/3/4 are ferri/cupric reductases stimulating iron and copper uptake, while STEAP1 was negative in the same assay—defining the central puzzle of STEAP1's apparent lack of intrinsic reductase activity.

    Evidence Functional expression and cellular iron/copper uptake assays

    PMID:16609065

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not test whether STEAP1 is active with a supplied oxidoreductase partner
    • No structural basis offered
  3. 2015 High

    Showed STEAP3 binds heme, FAD, and iron and transfers electrons through a single heme, with FAD/metal-binding motifs conserved in STEAP1—predicting latent oxidoreductase capacity for the domainless STEAP1.

    Evidence Biochemical reconstitution, mutagenesis, in vitro electron transfer on STEAP3 TMD

    PMID:26205815

    Open questions at the time
    • STEAP1 activity inferred from sequence conservation, not directly assayed
    • Source of electrons for STEAP1 unaddressed
  4. 2016 High

    Provided the first direct biochemical proof that mammalian STEAP1 is a homotrimeric hemoprotein that reduces Fe3+/Cu2+ in its ferrous state and forms heterotrimers with STEAP2, establishing the cofactor architecture.

    Evidence Milligram-scale purification of rabbit STEAP1, EPR/UV-vis spectroscopy, stopped-flow kinetics, co-expression

    PMID:27792302

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological electron donor in cells not identified
    • Did not resolve standalone vs. partner-dependent activity in cellular context
  5. 2020 High

    Resolved the cryo-EM structure of human STEAP1 and proved that, lacking an NADPH domain, it has no standalone ferric reductase activity but becomes active when fused to the STEAP4 NADPH domain—defining it as a partner-dependent reductase.

    Evidence Cryo-EM at 3.0 Å, cell-based enzymatic assays with STEAP1-STEAP4 fusion constructs

    PMID:32409586

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether native heterotrimers form and function in vivo not directly shown
    • Electron donor in physiological setting unresolved
  6. 2023 High

    Directly demonstrated STEAP1 can support a cross-membrane electron transfer chain using surrogate oxidoreductases and showed FAD is diffusible between STEAP subunits, mechanistically completing the partner-dependent reductase model.

    Evidence In vitro electron transfer assays with purified proteins, FAD-transfer experiments, cryo-EM of STEAP2 (3.2 Å)

    PMID:37983176

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of FAD diffusion between subunits not established
    • Endogenous oxidoreductase partner not identified in cells
  7. 2011 High

    Connected STEAP1 to tumor biology by showing knockdown reduces Ewing tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, with effects linked to ROS and EWS/FLI1-driven expression—establishing a redox-coupled oncogenic role.

    Evidence RNAi, in vitro invasion/colony assays, xenografts, transcriptome/proteome, ROS measurement

    PMID:22080479

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct link between reductase activity and ROS generation not demonstrated
    • Downstream pro-invasive effectors only partly defined
  8. 2020 Medium

    Defined cancer-context signaling routes for STEAP1, placing it upstream of JAK2/STAT3 in lung adenocarcinoma and of AKT/FoxO1 in gastric cancer to drive proliferation, migration, and EMT.

    Evidence siRNA/overexpression, pharmacological STAT3 inhibition (epistasis), migration/invasion assays, xenografts, Western blot

    PMID:32515474 PMID:33128353

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking STEAP1 to pathway activation unclear
    • Single-lab findings per cancer type
  9. 2021 Medium

    Mapped layered regulation of STEAP1 expression—NKX2.2 cooperating with EWS/FLI1 transcriptionally, phospho-eIF4E translationally, and androgen receptor in prostate cancer—explaining its context-specific overexpression.

    Evidence ChIP and promoter analysis, eIF4E inhibition/knockout, AR-targeted treatment with 89Zr-immunoPET

    PMID:25453051 PMID:31949502 PMID:34073779

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of each regulatory layer per tissue unknown
    • Whether regulation feeds back to reductase function unaddressed
  10. 2024 Medium

    Extended STEAP1 regulation to m6A epitranscriptomics, showing METTL14/IGF2BP2 stabilize STEAP1 mRNA and that this aggravates sepsis-induced acute lung injury via ferroptosis pathways.

    Evidence m6A-RIP, RNA-IP, mRNA stability assay, dual-luciferase reporter, siRNA, CLP rodent models

    PMID:37209327 PMID:39193903

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which STEAP1 modulates SLC7A11/GPX4 axis not resolved
    • Link between reductase activity and ferroptosis not directly tested
  11. 2026 Low

    Identified a context-dependent tumor-suppressive role, with STEAP1 overexpression inhibiting invasion, EMT, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast and oral squamous carcinoma—contrasting its oncogenic role elsewhere.

    Evidence Reciprocal overexpression/knockdown, transwell invasion, EMT marker and Wnt pathway Western blots, ROS measurement

    PMID:30253922 PMID:42046243

    Open questions at the time
    • Gain-of-function only in OSCC; single method per readout
    • Mechanistic basis for opposite roles across tissues unexplained

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The identity of STEAP1's endogenous oxidoreductase partner in living cells, and the causal link between its metalloreductase/ROS activity and its divergent oncogenic versus tumor-suppressive signaling outputs, remain unresolved.
  • No identified physiological electron donor in native cellular context
  • No mechanism reconciling pro-tumor and anti-tumor phenotypes across tissues
  • Direct test linking reductase catalysis to downstream signaling absent

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 3 GO:0016740 transferase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 2
Partners
IGF2BP2METTL14STEAP2STEAP4
Complex memberships
STEAP1 homotrimerSTEAP1/STEAP2 heterotrimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 26 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2006 STEAP2, STEAP3, and STEAP4 are ferrireductases and cupric reductases that stimulate cellular uptake of both iron and copper in vitro; STEAP1, unlike the other family members, was not demonstrated to have these activities in this study (implicitly negative for STEAP1 ferrireductase/cupric reductase activity in this assay context). Functional expression studies, cellular iron/copper uptake assays Blood High 16609065
1999 STEAP1 is a six-transmembrane protein localized at cell-cell junctions of the secretory epithelium of the prostate, consistent with a role as a channel or transporter protein at the plasma membrane. Immunohistochemistry, protein analysis of cancer cell lines, cDNA subtraction cloning Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 10588738
2015 The STEAP3 transmembrane domain binds a single b-type heme, FAD, and iron; STEAP3 functions as a homodimer using an intrasubunit electron transfer pathway through the single heme rather than an intersubunit pathway. The sequence motifs for FAD and metal binding in the transmembrane domain are conserved in STEAP1 (which lacks the N-terminal oxidoreductase domain), strongly suggesting STEAP1 harbors latent oxidoreductase activity. Biochemical characterization, mutagenesis, in vitro electron transfer assays, analysis of homodimer vs. domain-swapped dimer The Journal of biological chemistry High 26205815
2016 Purified rabbit STEAP1 assembles as a homotrimer and forms a heterotrimer when co-expressed with STEAP2. Each STEAP1 protomer binds one b-type heme with histidine axial ligands. In its ferrous state, STEAP1 reduces Fe3+ and Cu2+ complexes and reacts with O2 via an outer-sphere redox mechanism. STEAP1 retains low-affinity FAD binding (KD ~30 µM). Kinetics are biphasic, consistent with heme heterogeneity. Protein purification at milligram scale, spectroscopic characterization (EPR, UV-vis), stopped-flow kinetics, co-expression experiments Biochemistry High 27792302
2020 Cryo-EM structure of trimeric human STEAP1 at ~3.0 Å reveals a reductase-like transmembrane conformation. STEAP1 lacks an intracellular NADPH-binding domain and does not exhibit standalone cellular ferric reductase activity. However, STEAP1 promotes iron(III) reduction when fused to the intracellular NADPH-binding domain of STEAP4, demonstrating it can function as a ferric reductase within STEAP heterotrimers. The Fab of antibody mAb120.545 binds the extracellular helices of STEAP1. Cryo-electron microscopy (3.0 Å resolution), enzymatic assays in human cells using STEAP1-STEAP4 fusion constructs The Journal of biological chemistry High 32409586
2020 The STEAP/NOX ferric reductase superfamily shares a conserved four-helical transmembrane domain with an hourglass shape; within this shared scaffold, STEAP enzymes use FAD (bound to a cytoplasmic F420H2:NADP+-like domain) whereas NOX uses an inner heme, representing a cofactor swap at a topologically equivalent site. The extracellular heme mediates substrate reduction (iron/copper for STEAPs, O2 for NOX). Structural comparison of cryo-EM structures of NOX and STEAP enzymes Accounts of chemical research Medium 32815713
2023 STEAP1 can be reduced by exogenous reduced FAD or soluble cytochrome b5 reductase acting as a surrogate oxidoreductase domain, providing the first direct evidence that STEAP1 can support a cross-membrane electron transfer chain. FAD reduced by STEAP2 can be utilized by STEAP1, indicating that FAD is diffusible between STEAP subunits rather than remaining permanently bound to STEAP2. Cryo-EM structure of human STEAP2 in complex with NADP+ and FAD (3.2 Å) confirms cofactor binding similar to STEAP4. In vitro electron transfer assays with purified proteins, cryo-EM (3.2 Å), FAD transfer experiments between STEAP1 and STEAP2 eLife High 37983176
2011 STEAP1 knockdown in Ewing tumor cells reduces proliferation, anchorage-independent colony formation, and invasion in vitro, and decreases tumor growth and metastasis in xenografts in vivo. Transcriptome and proteome analyses show STEAP1 expression correlates with oxidative stress responses and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn regulate redox-sensitive and pro-invasive genes. STEAP1 expression is regulated by the EWS/FLI1 fusion oncoprotein. RNA interference (siRNA/shRNA), in vitro invasion/colony assays, xenograft mouse models, transcriptome and proteome analyses, ROS measurement Molecular cancer research : MCR High 22080479
2018 STEAP1 gene knockdown in LNCaP prostate cancer cells reduces cell viability and proliferation while inducing apoptosis. The pro-survival and anti-apoptotic effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are not dependent on STEAP1, as STEAP1 knockdown effects on apoptosis and proliferation were independent of DHT treatment. siRNA knockdown, cell viability assays, flow cytometry for apoptosis, DHT treatment Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) Medium 29464393
2008 STEAP1 transcription is down-regulated by 17β-estradiol (E2) in rat mammary gland and in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The mechanism of E2-mediated STEAP1 repression in MCF-7 cells is mediated through membrane-bound ERα (mbERα). In vivo rat mammary gland E2 treatment, MCF-7 cell hormone treatment, mechanistic studies with membrane-bound ERα Endocrine Medium 18958632
2020 STEAP1 promotes metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma cells via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Knockdown of STEAP1 suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion; these effects were phenocopied by a STAT3 inhibitor (AZD1480), placing STEAP1 upstream of JAK2/STAT3 in this cancer context. siRNA knockdown, CCK8/EdU/wound healing/transwell assays, Western blot, pharmacological STAT3 inhibition Bioscience reports Medium 32515474
2018 STEAP1 regulates peritoneal metastasis-related tumorigenesis in gastric cancer cells; RNAi-mediated silencing of STEAP1 inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis, and increases sensitivity to docetaxel. STEAP1 was identified as the most translationally upregulated gene product in metastatic vs. non-metastatic gastric cancer cells by polysome profiling. Polysome profiling, siRNA/shRNA knockdown, overexpression plasmid, MTT/migration/invasion assays, xenograft mouse model Frontiers in physiology Medium 30246786
2020 Phosphorylated eIF4E controls cap-dependent translational upregulation of STEAP1 in gastric cancer cells undergoing peritoneal metastasis. Chemical inhibition or genetic ablation of eIF4E phosphorylation reduces STEAP1 protein levels, placing phospho-eIF4E upstream of STEAP1 in the translational control pathway. Chemical inhibitors of eIF4E phosphorylation, genetic eIF4E knockout, translational reporter assays, Western blot Journal of Cancer Medium 31949502
2020 STEAP1 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via activation of the AKT/FoxO1 pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Both overexpression and knockdown experiments confirmed these effects in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. Overexpression plasmid, lentiviral shRNA, CCK-8, flow cytometry, colony formation, transwell and wound healing assays, Western blot, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal xenograft Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 33128353
2021 NKX2.2 is a transcriptional co-regulator of STEAP1 in Ewing's sarcoma. NKX2.2 binds to two sites in the STEAP1 promoter proximal to EWS/FLI1 binding sites and cooperatively upregulates STEAP1 expression together with EWS/FLI1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), single-molecule RNA imaging, biochemical and genetic studies, promoter analysis Cells Medium 34073779
2022 EFEMP1 directly promotes STEAP1 expression in osteosarcoma cells; knockdown of STEAP1 in EFEMP1-overexpressing cells significantly inhibits invasion, EMT, and Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling, placing STEAP1 downstream of EFEMP1 in these pathways. Exogenous EFEMP1 fails to activate these pathways when STEAP1 is knocked down. Overexpression and knockdown constructs, IHC, RT-qPCR, Western blot, in vitro invasion assays, epistasis experiments Journal of bone oncology Medium 36388640
2023 STEAP1 promotes ferroptosis in acute lung injury; inhibition of STEAP1 decreases ROS and MDA levels, increases Nrf2 and GSH levels, and affects the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis, suggesting STEAP1 modulates ferroptosis through this pathway. siRNA knockdown in HPMECs, LPS-induced ALI model, CLP mouse model, ROS/MDA/GSH/Fe2+ measurements, Western blot Molecular biology reports Medium 37209327
2024 METTL14 and IGF2BP2 stabilize STEAP1 mRNA through m6A methylation modification. METTL14 silencing attenuates LPS-induced effects by decreasing STEAP1 expression. This m6A-dependent STEAP1 upregulation aggravates sepsis-induced acute lung injury. m6A RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, actinomycin D mRNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown, CLP rat model Shock (Augusta, Ga.) Medium 39193903
2009 STEAP1 depletion by RNAi in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) results in decreased cell adhesion to tissue culture plastic, implicating STEAP1 in cell adhesion in MSCs. RNAi knockdown in human bone marrow MSCs, cell adhesion assay Tissue engineering. Part A Low 19196137
2018 A specific anti-STEAP1 scFv antibody binding to STEAP1 epitope significantly inhibits intercellular communication (dye transfer) between prostate cancer cells (PC3 and LNCaP) by ~80-90%, supporting STEAP1's role as a channel or transporter mediating gap junction-like intercellular communication. Phage library panning for scFv, ELISA, FACS, intercellular dye transfer (gap junction) assay Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry Low 29219059
2014 STEAP1 expression in prostate cancer is regulated by the androgen receptor (AR) in an AR-dependent manner in CWR22PC cells (in vitro and in vivo), demonstrated by ~66% decline in STEAP1 levels upon AR-targeted treatment monitored by 89Zr-immunoPET. 89Zr-immunoPET imaging, in vitro and in vivo treatment with AR-targeting therapy, ELISA Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine Medium 25453051
2014 STEAP1 protein stability and mRNA stability differ between neoplastic (LNCaP) and non-neoplastic (PNT1A) prostate cells. Serum has opposite effects on STEAP1 stability in these two cell types, and in silico analysis predicts post-translational modifications including N-glycosylation, phosphorylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. mRNA and protein stability experiments, serum treatment, in silico PTM prediction Genes & cancer Low 25053991
2021 STEAP1 is selectively packaged into small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from prostate cancer cells irrespective of androgen receptor (AR) status and cellular STEAP1 expression levels, indicating a selective EV-loading mechanism for STEAP1. Androgen deprivation/AR inhibition in multiple cell lines, Western blot and nanoparticle tracking of sEVs, ex vivo analysis in genetically engineered mice Molecular cancer research : MCR Low 40287951
2018 STEAP1 overexpression in breast cancer cells inhibits cellular invasion and migration and reduces EMT marker expression (MMP2, MMP9, MMP13, VIM, CDH2), while increasing CDH1. Knockdown has the opposite effects. STEAP1 had little effect on proliferation in breast cancer cells. Overexpression and knockdown in breast cancer cell lines, transwell invasion/migration, Western blot for EMT markers Clinical breast cancer Medium 30253922
2026 STEAP1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion, and reduces intracellular ROS levels. Mechanistically, STEAP1 overexpression upregulates E-cadherin, downregulates N-cadherin (inhibiting EMT), and decreases β-catenin, Axin2, c-Myc, and p-GSK3β/T-GSK3β ratio (inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling). Plasmid overexpression in OSCC cell lines, CCK-8, scratch, Transwell assays, ROS measurement, Western blot Cancer medicine Low 42046243
2023 Proteomic analysis following STEAP1 siRNA knockdown in LNCaP prostate cancer cells identified 526 differentially expressed proteins; downstream pathways affected include endocytosis, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways. STEAP1 silencing specifically induced up-regulation of cathepsin B, intersectin-1, and syntaxin 4, and down-regulation of HRas, PIK3C2A, and DIS3. siRNA knockdown, label-free LC-MS/MS proteomics (Orbitrap), immunoblotting Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research Medium 37315586

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 74 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 The Steap proteins are metalloreductases. Blood 543 16609065
1999 STEAP: a prostate-specific cell-surface antigen highly expressed in human prostate tumors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 295 10588738
2012 STEAP proteins: from structure to applications in cancer therapy. Molecular cancer research : MCR 154 22522456
2011 Impact of drug conjugation on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anti-STEAP1 antibody-drug conjugates in rats. Bioconjugate chemistry 153 21913715
2007 Steap proteins: implications for iron and copper metabolism. Nutrition reviews 123 17695374
2023 Targeting advanced prostate cancer with STEAP1 chimeric antigen receptor T cell and tumor-localized IL-12 immunotherapy. Nature communications 116 37041154
2011 STEAP1 is associated with the invasive and oxidative stress phenotype of Ewing tumors. Molecular cancer research : MCR 108 22080479
2024 Xaluritamig, a STEAP1 × CD3 XmAb 2+1 Immune Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Results from Dose Exploration in a First-in-Human Study. Cancer discovery 88 37861461
2012 The STEAP protein family: versatile oxidoreductases and targets for cancer immunotherapy with overlapping and distinct cellular functions. Biology of the cell 79 22804687
2012 STEAP1 is overexpressed in cancers: a promising therapeutic target. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 67 23142226
2013 STEAP1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, and it is positively associated with Gleason score. Urologic oncology 57 24239460
2006 STEAP, a prostate tumor antigen, is a target of human CD8+ T cells. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 56 16622681
2015 Characterization of a single b-type heme, FAD, and metal binding sites in the transmembrane domain of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) family proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 52 26205815
2022 STEAP1-4 (Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1-4) and Their Clinical Implications for Prostate Cancer. Cancers 47 36011027
2013 STEAP1 protein overexpression is an independent marker for biochemical recurrence in prostate carcinoma. Histopathology 45 24025158
2012 High STEAP1 expression is associated with improved outcome of Ewing's sarcoma patients. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 45 22317770
2024 AMG 509 (Xaluritamig), an Anti-STEAP1 XmAb 2+1 T-cell Redirecting Immune Therapy with Avidity-Dependent Activity against Prostate Cancer. Cancer discovery 44 37861452
2018 Knockdown of STEAP1 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells counteracting the effect of androgens. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 43 29464393
2010 Immunization with recombinant DNA and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors delivering PSCA and STEAP1 antigens inhibits prostate cancer progression. Vaccine 40 21182993
2020 Cryo-electron microscopy structure and potential enzymatic function of human six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1). The Journal of biological chemistry 39 32409586
2018 Targeting STEAP1 Protein in Human Cancer: Current Trends and Future Challenges. Current cancer drug targets 38 28460619
2016 Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate 1 (STEAP1) Has a Single b Heme and Is Capable of Reducing Metal Ion Complexes and Oxygen. Biochemistry 37 27792302
2021 Novel potent anti-STEAP1 bispecific antibody to redirect T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 36 34497115
2008 STEAP1 is over-expressed in breast cancer and down-regulated by 17beta-estradiol in MCF-7 cells and in the rat mammary gland. Endocrine 35 18958632
2021 Clinical significance of STEAP1 extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases 33 33589770
2020 STEAP1 facilitates metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Bioscience reports 31 32515474
2018 STEAP1 Regulates Tumorigenesis and Chemoresistance During Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. Frontiers in physiology 27 30246786
2016 ImmunoPET helps predicting the efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates targeting TENB2 and STEAP1. Oncotarget 27 27029064
2020 MHC Class I-Restricted TCR-Transgenic CD4+ T Cells Against STEAP1 Mediate Local Tumor Control of Ewing Sarcoma In Vivo. Cells 26 32610710
2020 A research of STEAP1 regulated gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivos. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 25 33128353
2016 Transgenic antigen-specific, HLA-A*02:01-allo-restricted cytotoxic T cells recognize tumor-associated target antigen STEAP1 with high specificity. Oncoimmunology 25 27471654
2014 Expression of STEAP1 and STEAP1B in prostate cell lines, and the putative regulation of STEAP1 by post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Genes & cancer 24 25053991
2014 Annotating STEAP1 regulation in prostate cancer with 89Zr immuno-PET. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 24 25453051
2022 Development of STEAP1 targeting chimeric antigen receptor for adoptive cell therapy against cancer. Molecular therapy oncolytics 23 35860008
2023 Inhibition of STEAP1 ameliorates inflammation and ferroptosis of acute lung injury caused by sepsis in LPS-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Molecular biology reports 19 37209327
2018 STEAP1 Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis and Is Associated With Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Procession. Clinical breast cancer 19 30253922
2021 Predictive potential of STEAP family for survival, immune microenvironment and therapy response in glioma. International immunopharmacology 18 34649092
2018 Inhibition of Intercellular Communication between Prostate Cancer Cells by A Specific Anti-STEAP-1 Single Chain Antibody. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry 16 29219059
2025 STEAP Proteins: Roles in disease biology and potential for therapeutic intervention. International journal of biological macromolecules 15 40185436
2015 The STEAP1(262-270) peptide encapsulated into PLGA microspheres elicits strong cytotoxic T cell immunity in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice--A new approach to immunotherapy against prostate carcinoma. The Prostate 15 26715028
2020 An Elegant Four-Helical Fold in NOX and STEAP Enzymes Facilitates Electron Transport across Biomembranes-Similar Vehicle, Different Destination. Accounts of chemical research 14 32815713
2009 Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP1 and STEAP2)-differentially expressed by murine and human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue engineering. Part A 14 19196137
2022 EFEMP1 binds to STEAP1 to promote osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion via the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signal pathways. Journal of bone oncology 13 36388640
2019 Inhibition of mouse RM-1 prostate cancer and B16F10 melanoma by the fusion protein of HSP65 & STEAP1 186-193. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 13 30841425
2023 Development of a novel electrochemical biosensor based on plastic antibodies for detection of STEAP1 biomarker in cancer. Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 11 37192590
2021 Fusion Protein Vaccine Based on Ag85B and STEAP1 Induces a Protective Immune Response against Prostate Cancer. Vaccines 11 34358202
2020 EIF4E regulates STEAP1 expression in peritoneal metastasis. Journal of Cancer 11 31949502
2025 Collagen-binding IL-12-armoured STEAP1 CAR-T cells reduce toxicity and treat prostate cancer in mouse models. Nature biomedical engineering 10 41125870
2021 Identification of a New Transcriptional Co-Regulator of STEAP1 in Ewing's Sarcoma. Cells 10 34073779
2023 Targeting STEAP1 as an anticancer strategy. Frontiers in oncology 7 37909017
2023 Mechanism of stepwise electron transfer in six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) 1 and 2. eLife 7 37983176
2021 Enhanced Stability of Detergent-Free Human Native STEAP1 Protein from Neoplastic Prostate Cancer Cells upon an Innovative Isolation Procedure. International journal of molecular sciences 7 34576175
2018 Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate-1 (STEAP-1)-Targeted Ultrasound Imaging Microbubble Improves Detection of Prostate Cancer In Vivo. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 7 30027616
2025 The Role of STEAP1 in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 6 40299363
2025 STEAP1: a promising target in prostate cancer therapy. Trends in cancer 5 40527692
2024 Comparative Evaluation of STEAP1 Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptors with Different Costimulatory Domains and Spacers. International journal of molecular sciences 5 38203757
2023 STEAP1 regulation and its influence modulating the response of LNCaP prostate cancer cells to bicalutamide, enzalutamide and apalutamide. Molecular medicine reports 5 36660947
2023 STEAP1 Knockdown Decreases the Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel, Docetaxel and Cabazitaxel. International journal of molecular sciences 5 37047621
2023 Proteomic analysis of STEAP1 knockdown in human LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research 5 37315586
2025 Exploring STEAP1 Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells in Response to Androgen Deprivation and in Small Extracellular Vesicles. Molecular cancer research : MCR 4 40287951
2024 METTL14/IGF2BP2-MEDIATED M6A MODIFICATION OF STEAP1 AGGRAVATES ACUTE LUNG INJURY INDUCED BY SEPSIS. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 4 39193903
2021 Impact of glycerol feeding profiles on STEAP1 biosynthesis by Komagataella pastoris using a methanol-inducible promoter. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 3 34059939
2025 A pH/STEAP Cascade-Responsive Nanomedicine with Self-Supplied Peroxide for Precise Chemodynamic Therapy. Advanced healthcare materials 2 40304166
2026 Diversity and similarity of metallothionein and STEAP gene regulation by heavy metals in human colorectal cells. Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 1 41500147
2025 The Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP) 3 Regulates the Myogenic Differentiation of Yunan Black Pig Muscle Satellite Cells (MuSCs) In Vitro via Iron Homeostasis and the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Cells 1 40358178
2026 Characterization of an anti-STEAP1 T-cell dependent bispecific antibody for the treatment of prostate cancer and associated toxicity in cynomolgus monkeys. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 0 41668284
2026 Preclinical Assessment of HLA-A*02:01-Restricted PSMA and STEAP1 Epitopes for Peptide-Based Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer. Drug design, development and therapy 0 41737989
2026 Immunoinformatics-driven multi-epitope vaccine design targeting PSMA, STEAP1, and B7H3 for prostate cancer. Frontiers in medicine 0 41868236
2026 Mechanistic Modulation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Injury by Chitosan-Coated Selenium Nanoparticles: Targeting the STEAP-3/TLR-4 and IL-17/TRAF-6/HSP-90 Axes. Pharmaceutics 0 41900874
2026 STEAP1 Suppresses Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling and EMT. Cancer medicine 0 42046243
2026 Development of a STEAP1-Targeted Prostate Cancer Specific Antibody Drug Conjugate Platform with Immunostimulatory Properties. Research square 0 42078873
2026 Integrative Surface Antigen Profiling of KLK2 and STEAP1 in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Molecular cancer research : MCR 0 42189191
2025 STEAP1-targeted strategies in advanced prostate cancer: a review on therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases 0 41131283
2025 Armoring STEAP1 CAR T cells with IL-18 potentiates antitumor activity in Ewing sarcoma. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41415362

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for STEAP1? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.