Affinage

SLC1A5

Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) · UniProt Q15758

Length
541 aa
Mass
56.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 33 papers cited in narrative 33 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SLC1A5 (ASCT2) is a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid antiporter that supplies glutamine and other neutral amino acids to fuel cancer cell metabolism, supporting TCA-cycle anaplerosis, mTOR signaling, redox balance, and biosynthesis (PMID:23756778, PMID:34525179, PMID:39068660). In reconstituted proteoliposomes the purified transporter performs Na+-coupled obligatory exchange with marked kinetic asymmetry, transporting Gln, Ser, Asn, and Thr bidirectionally while moving Ala, Cys, Val, and Met inward only, operating via a random simultaneous mechanism that is electrogenic from external Na+ (PMID:23756778, PMID:25052780). Cryo-EM and crystal structures define the transport cycle: substrate recognition involves HP2-loop conformational change, the ECL2a loop links scaffold and transport domains to permit rigid-body movement, and two substrate-binding residues confer the glutamine selectivity unique to ASCT2 within the SLC1 family (PMID:31580259, PMID:29295993). Cys467 is critical for substrate binding and for redox/thiol modulation of activity, and cholesterol stimulates transport by increasing Vmax (PMID:29495336, PMID:31709262), while N-glycosylation at Asn163/Asn212 governs plasma-membrane trafficking rather than intrinsic transport function (PMID:25862406). Beyond its canonical plasma-membrane role, an N-terminally extended, HIF-2α-induced variant targets mitochondria to import glutamine and drive ATP and glutathione production (PMID:31866442), and ASCT2 additionally functions as a major serine transporter feeding purine biosynthesis (PMID:39068660). Transcription is driven by MYC/N-Myc, ATF4, and ERα (PMID:34525179, PMID:25142020, PMID:39696988, PMID:39068660) and derepressed by loss of miR-137 (PMID:28692032, PMID:29348676), while protein abundance is set by interacting partners that promote degradation (TRIM6-mediated ubiquitination, DDR1-linked lysosomal turnover) or stabilization (lncRNA SYTL5-OT4 blocking autophagic degradation) (PMID:35089546, PMID:36654781, PMID:37207473). Genetic ablation across leukemia, colon, lung, and osteoblast models demonstrates ASCT2-dependent glutamine/serine/asparagine supply, mTOR signaling, OXPHOS, and proliferation, although in some cell lines net glutamine uptake is compensated by SNAT transporters via a GCN2-dependent stress response, making ASCT2 a context-dependent driver of growth (PMID:27129276, PMID:29326164, PMID:34525179, PMID:34647520, PMID:31535081). ASCT2 also serves as a receptor for several retroviruses through a hypervariable ECL2 segment whose N-glycans restrict viral entry (PMID:12584318, PMID:11350958).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 30 steps
  1. 2001 High

    Resolved which structural elements of ASCT2 are required for amino acid transport versus retroviral receptor function, separating its two activities.

    Evidence Initiation-codon mutagenesis and cell-free translation generating N-terminal truncation isoforms tested in transport and infection assays

    PMID:11350958

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the full transport mechanism
    • Physiological role of leaky-scanning isoforms unclear
  2. 2003 High

    Mapped the determinant of ASCT2 retroviral receptor function and showed N-glycans on ECL2 restrict viral entry.

    Evidence Human/mouse chimeras, glycosylation-site mutagenesis, and tunicamycin treatment with viral susceptibility readouts

    PMID:12584318

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address endogenous transport consequences of these residues
  3. 2004 Medium

    Showed ASCT2 expression is feedback-regulated by its own substrate, linking glutamine availability to transporter abundance.

    Evidence ASCT2 promoter luciferase reporter plus Western blot under glutamine deprivation/repletion in hepatoma cells

    PMID:15175006

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcription factor mediating glutamine sensing not identified
    • Single cell line
  4. 2006 Medium

    Established that substrate supply drives ASCT2 relocation to the plasma membrane, coupling astrocytic glutamate metabolism to transporter surface expression.

    Evidence GS siRNA knockdown with immunofluorescence and transport assays in human fetal astrocytes

    PMID:16516348

    Open questions at the time
    • Trafficking machinery undefined
    • Single lab
  5. 2013 High

    Provided the first quantitative mechanism of human ASCT2 as an asymmetric Na+-dependent obligatory antiporter with distinct substrate directionality.

    Evidence Recombinant protein reconstituted in proteoliposomes with radiolabeled transport kinetics

    PMID:23756778

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic structure not yet resolved
    • Functional role of externally exposed cysteine inferred not proven
  6. 2014 High

    Defined the kinetic mechanism, electrogenicity, oligomeric state, and a scaffold partner of ASCT2.

    Evidence Pseudo-bi-substrate kinetics, cross-linking, valinomycin membrane-potential assays, and PDZK1 co-IP

    PMID:25052780

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological significance of PDZK1 interaction not established
  7. 2014 Medium

    Identified ATF4 and N-Myc as direct transcriptional activators coupling oncogenic signaling to ASCT2 expression.

    Evidence ChIP and luciferase reporter assays with depletion and proliferation readouts in neuroblastoma

    PMID:25142020

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Cooperativity mechanism between ATF4 and N-Myc not detailed
  8. 2015 High

    Separated the role of N-glycosylation in membrane trafficking from intrinsic transport activity.

    Evidence N163/212Q mutagenesis with biotinylation, endocytosis, stability, and reconstituted transport assays

    PMID:25862406

    Open questions at the time
    • Trafficking/endocytic machinery downstream of glycan loss undefined
  9. 2016 High

    Tested whether ASCT2 is the obligate glutamine transporter and revealed compensatory redundancy via a GCN2-driven stress response.

    Evidence CRISPR/TALEN ASCT2 deletion with GCN2 epistasis and amino acid uptake assays

    PMID:27129276

    Open questions at the time
    • Context-dependence across cell types not fully mapped
    • Did not test in vivo tumors
  10. 2016 Medium

    Linked ASCT2 to EGFR in a complex governing glutamine-dependent redox protection.

    Evidence Co-IP, EGFR endocytosis, glutamine uptake, glutathione, and apoptosis assays in HNSCC

    PMID:27450723

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect EGFR-ASCT2 interaction not resolved
    • Single lab
  11. 2017 Medium

    Established an epigenetic-microRNA axis (MeCP2/DNMT-miR-137) controlling ASCT2 expression in cancer.

    Evidence Promoter methylation analysis, ChIP, miR-137 modulation, and ASCT2 3'UTR rescue

    PMID:28692032

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Generality across tumor types unverified
  12. 2018 High

    Delivered atomic structures defining the ASCT2 transport cycle and the structural basis of glutamine selectivity and inhibitor binding.

    Evidence Cryo-EM of human ASCT2 and crystal structures of a prokaryotic homologue with substrate-binding mutagenesis

    PMID:29295993 PMID:31580259

    Open questions at the time
    • Conformational dynamics in lipid bilayers not directly captured
    • Cholesterol site functional role addressed separately
  13. 2018 High

    Identified Cys467 as a substrate-binding residue mediating redox modulation of ASCT2 activity.

    Evidence Systematic Cys-to-Ala mutagenesis with transport assays in proteoliposomes

    PMID:29495336

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological redox signals acting on Cys467 in cells not defined
  14. 2018 High

    Demonstrated ASCT2 KO reduces glutamine import and tumor growth independent of LAT1 and mTORC1 in certain contexts, refining its role.

    Evidence CRISPR-Cas9 KO in colon and lung lines with uptake, signaling, and xenograft assays

    PMID:29326164

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of growth dependence without mTORC1 change unexplained
  15. 2018 High

    Validated ASCT2 as a druggable target with a competitive small-molecule antagonist showing antitumor activity.

    Evidence V-9302 competitive inhibition, glutamine uptake, ROS, and xenograft assays

    PMID:29334372

    Open questions at the time
    • Selectivity later debated; on-target specificity not addressed here
  16. 2018 Medium

    Connected ASCT2 to ferroptosis regulation via miR-137 targeting.

    Evidence miR-137 modulation, 3'UTR luciferase, glutamine uptake, MDA, and ferroptosis-inducer assays in melanoma

    PMID:29348676

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Quantitative contribution to ferroptosis vs other regulators unclear
  17. 2019 High

    Discovered a mitochondria-targeted ASCT2 variant supplying intramitochondrial glutamine for ATP and glutathione, regulated by hypoxia.

    Evidence Mitochondrial fractionation, imaging, siRNA, metabolic assays, HIF-2α ChIP, and xenografts

    PMID:31866442

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of dual targeting (PM vs mitochondria) not fully defined
  18. 2019 Medium

    Established MYC as a direct activator of SLC1A5 coupling it to mTORC1 and fatty acid oxidation in vivo.

    Evidence Myc+/- mouse gene expression, glutamine uptake, mTORC1 and Cpt1a analyses

    PMID:30909319

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct MYC promoter binding inferred from prior work
    • Single lab
  19. 2019 High

    Demonstrated in vivo that ASCT2 supports leukemia initiation/maintenance via leucine influx and mTOR signaling.

    Evidence Constitutive/inducible Slc1a5 KO mice in MLL-AF9 and Pten leukemia models with metabolomics and xenografts

    PMID:31535081

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking ASCT2 to leucine influx not fully resolved
  20. 2021 High

    Defined the physiological requirement for ASCT2 in osteoblast differentiation via glutamine/asparagine supply.

    Evidence Osteoblast-specific Slc1a5 KO with metabolomics and protein-synthesis/differentiation assays

    PMID:34647520

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-specificity of dependence not generalized
  21. 2021 High

    Enabled structure-guided design of stereospecific ASCT2 inhibitors and revealed multiple pharmacological conformations.

    Evidence Cryo-EM, molecular dynamics, and electrophysiology transport assays

    PMID:34507995

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo efficacy of designed inhibitors not assessed here
  22. 2022 Medium

    Identified TRIM6 as an E3 ligase degrading ASCT2 to restrain glutaminolysis and ferroptosis.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, glutamine uptake, ferroptosis, and xenograft models in lung cancer

    PMID:36654781

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Ubiquitination site on ASCT2 not mapped
  23. 2022 Medium

    Identified DDR1 as a regulator of ASCT2 stability via lysosomal degradation feeding mTORC1.

    Evidence Co-IP, CHX stability, lysosomal-inhibitor rescue, and xenograft assays

    PMID:35089546

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Mechanism of DDR1-directed lysosomal routing unclear
  24. 2022 High

    Placed STAT3->MYC->SLC1A5 as a transcriptional axis sustaining OXPHOS in leukemia stem cells.

    Evidence Genetic inhibition of STAT3/MYC/SLC1A5 with metabolomics and OXPHOS measurement in primary AML

    PMID:34525179

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct STAT3 occupancy of MYC locus not detailed in this entry
  25. 2022 Medium

    Revealed non-transport scaffolding roles of ASCT2 in inflammatory signaling through NLRP3 and pro-IL-1α binding.

    Evidence Co-IP, astrocytic conditional KO/MPTP and hepatic stellate cell senescence models

    PMID:36176909 PMID:36873178

    Open questions at the time
    • Single labs
    • Direct vs transport-dependent contributions to phenotypes not fully separated
  26. 2023 Medium

    Showed CAIX physically partners with SLC1A5 to coordinate redox homeostasis via the GSH/GPX4 axis.

    Evidence Co-IP, glutamine uptake, GSH/lipid peroxidation, and in vivo tumor models

    PMID:37348875

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Structural basis of CAIX-SLC1A5 interaction unknown
  27. 2023 Medium

    Identified lncRNA SYTL5-OT4 as a stabilizer of ASCT2 protein by blocking its autophagic degradation in metastasis.

    Evidence RIP, Co-IP, autophagic flux, and loss/gain-of-function in colorectal liver metastasis

    PMID:37207473

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Mechanism of autophagy targeting of ASCT2 unresolved
  28. 2024 High

    Established ASCT2 as a major serine transporter feeding purine biosynthesis and identified ERα as a direct transcriptional activator.

    Evidence ASCT2 KO/KD with serine uptake, glutamine/serine competition, purine metabolomics, and ERα ChIP

    PMID:39068660

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative physiological balance of serine vs glutamine transport in vivo unclear
  29. 2024 Medium

    Added ATF4 as a direct activator of SLC1A5 linking it to glucose and glycolytic enzyme regulation in colorectal cancer.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter, ChIP, and SLC1A5 knockdown metabolic assays

    PMID:39696988

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Mechanism linking ASCT2 to HK2/PKM2 expression unclear
  30. 2024 Medium

    Showed m6A modification stabilizes Slc1a5 mRNA to drive osteoblast senescence and bone loss.

    Evidence m6A-RIP, Mettl3/Igf2bp2 modulation, mRNA stability, inhibitor and aged/OVX rat models

    PMID:38844111

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • m6A sites on Slc1a5 not precisely mapped

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How transport-dependent and transport-independent (scaffolding) functions of ASCT2 are integrated, and what determines its context-dependent essentiality across tissues, remains unresolved.
  • No unified model reconciling redundant vs essential glutamine uptake across cell types
  • Mechanism of dual PM/mitochondrial targeting undefined
  • Transport-independent inflammatory roles mechanistically unexplained

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005215 transporter activity 5 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 3 GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
CA9DDR1EGFRIL1ANLRP3PDZK1TRIM6

Evidence

Reading pass · 33 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2018 Cryo-EM and crystal structures of ASCT2/SLC1A5 revealed that substrate recognition involves conformational changes in the HP2 loop, the ECL2a loop connects the scaffold and transport domains enabling rigid body movement during the transport cycle, and a putative cholesterol binding site exists near the domain interface in the outward-facing state. Comparison with the inward-facing structure provided a mechanistic basis for the transport cycle. Cryo-EM structure determination; substrate co-complex structures eLife High 31580259
2018 Crystal structures of a prokaryotic ASCT2 homologue bearing mutations at two substrate-binding residues identified in ASCT2 revealed the structural basis for glutamine (neutral amino acid) selectivity and inhibitor binding in the SLC1 family; these two residues confer glutamine selectivity unique to ASCT2 among SLC1 family members. Site-directed mutagenesis of substrate-binding residues; crystal structure determination of prokaryotic homologue Nature communications High 29295993
2021 Rational design using cryo-EM structures and molecular dynamics simulations identified stereospecific ASCT2 inhibitors exploiting specific subpockets in the substrate binding site, revealing multiple pharmacologically relevant conformations and a previously unknown mechanism of stereospecific inhibition. Cryo-EM; molecular dynamics simulations; electrophysiology transport assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 34507995
2013 Purified human ASCT2 reconstituted in proteoliposomes demonstrated Na+-dependent glutamine/glutamine antiport activity with functional and kinetic asymmetry: external Km for glutamine (0.097 mM) was ~18-fold lower than internal Km (1.8 mM); Ala, Cys, Val, Met were only inwardly transported while Gln, Ser, Asn, Thr were transported bi-directionally. Cys395 was identified as the only externally exposed cysteine and potential target of SH-reagent inhibition. Recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris; reconstitution in proteoliposomes; radiolabeled transport assays; homology modeling Biochimica et biophysica acta High 23756778
2014 Kinetic analysis of purified ASCT2 in proteoliposomes established a random simultaneous transport mechanism for the Na+-glutamine antiport reaction. The transporter was cross-linked to a stable dimeric form. The transport reaction is electrogenic, with electrogenicity originating from external Na+. Internal Na+ exerts a stimulatory regulatory (not counter-transport) effect. PDZK1 scaffold protein interaction with hASCT2 was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Pseudo-bi-substrate kinetic analysis in proteoliposomes; chemical cross-linking; membrane potential imposition with valinomycin; co-immunoprecipitation Amino acids High 25052780
2018 Site-directed mutagenesis of all cysteine residues in hASCT2 identified Cys467 as critical for substrate binding and transport activity modulation: C467A mutant showed ~10-fold higher Km for glutamine and lost sensitivity to both DTE activation and methylmercury inhibition. Cys467 is located in the substrate binding region based on structural comparison with EAAT1. Cys-to-Ala site-directed mutagenesis; transport assays in proteoliposomes; bioinformatics structural comparison International journal of molecular sciences High 29495336
2015 N-linked glycosylation at Asn163 and Asn212 is critical for ASCT2 trafficking to the plasma membrane. Double mutation N163/212Q produced unglycosylated protein that failed to traffic to the membrane, showed strongly increased endocytosis rate, and reduced transport activity in intact cells. Critically, intrinsic transport function of the mutant was not affected when reconstituted in liposomes, demonstrating glycosylation regulates membrane localization rather than transport mechanism per se. Site-directed mutagenesis; protein biotinylation assay; reversible biotinylation endocytosis assay; cycloheximide stability assay; brefeldin-based trafficking assay; radiolabeled transport assay in cells and proteoliposomes Biochimica et biophysica acta High 25862406
2019 A variant of SLC1A5 with an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signal localizes to mitochondria and transports glutamine into mitochondria. HIF-2α mediates hypoxia-induced expression of this variant. Overexpression promotes glutamine-induced ATP production and glutathione synthesis, and confers gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Mitochondrial fractionation; live-cell imaging; siRNA knockdown; metabolic assays; HIF-2α ChIP; xenograft models Cell metabolism High 31866442
2019 Cholesterol stimulates ASCT2 transport activity by ~3-fold increase in Vmax without affecting Km for glutamine. Cholesterol physically binds to the protein near CARC/CRAC motifs and tryptophan residues; modification of tryptophan residues blocked cholesterol binding, and cholesterol presence impaired thiol reagent access to cysteines. Transport assays in proteoliposomes with cholesteryl hemisuccinate; computational docking; tryptophan modification; thiol-reagent competition assays Frontiers in molecular biosciences Medium 31709262
2003 A hypervariable 21-amino acid sequence in the carboxyl-terminal portion of extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of hASCT2 is critical for retroviral receptor function for RD114, BaEV, HERV-W, and type D primate retroviruses. N-linked oligosaccharides in the carboxyl-terminal region of ECL2 restrict viral infections; tunicamycin (N-glycosylation inhibitor) treatment or mutagenesis of N-glycosylation sites activated receptor function for all viruses in the interference group. hASCT2/mASCT2 chimera construction; site-directed mutagenesis; viral infection susceptibility assays; tunicamycin treatment Journal of virology High 12584318
2001 The truncated ASCT2 mRNA isoform encodes multiple protein isoforms with distinct amino termini initiated by leaky scanning at CUG and GUG codons. ASCT2 isoforms with short N-terminal truncations retained both amino acid transport and viral receptor activities, whereas an isoform lacking the first transmembrane domain (79-aa truncation) retained only viral receptor activity but not amino acid transport activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of initiation codons; cell-free translation; epitope-tagged protein analysis; amino acid transport assay; viral infection assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 11350958
2016 ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is physically associated with EGFR in a molecular complex in HNSCC cells. Cetuximab-mediated EGFR endocytosis downregulates ASCT2 in an EGFR expression-dependent manner, decreasing glutamine uptake and glutathione levels, thereby sensitizing cells to ROS-induced apoptosis. EGFR kinase inhibition (gefitinib) or siRNA knockdown of EGFR failed to sensitize cells to ROS-induced apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation; EGFR endocytosis assay; glutamine uptake assay; glutathione measurement; apoptosis assay; siRNA knockdown Cancer letters Medium 27450723
2022 DDR1 (discoidin domain receptor 1) interacts with SLC1A5 and regulates its protein stability through lysosome-dependent degradation. Loss of DDR1 decreased SLC1A5 levels and downstream mTORC1 signaling; lysosome inhibitors restored SLC1A5 regulation by DDR1. Co-immunoprecipitation; CHX stability assay; lysosomal inhibitor (NH4Cl) rescue; mTORC1 signaling assessment; xenograft model Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Medium 35089546
2022 TRIM6 E3 ubiquitin ligase directly interacts with SLC1A5 and promotes its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby inhibiting glutamine import, glutaminolysis, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis in lung cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation; ubiquitination assay; TRIM6 overexpression/knockdown; glutamine uptake assay; ferroptosis assays; xenograft model Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Medium 36654781
2022 ASCT2 in astrocytes binds to NLRP3 and aggravates astrocytic inflammasome-triggered neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease models. Genetic ablation of astrocytic ASCT2 alleviated neuroinflammation and rescued dopaminergic neuron damage in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation (ASCT2-NLRP3 binding); conditional knockout in astrocytes; MPTP mouse model; in vitro MPP+/LPS-ATP challenge Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B Medium 36873178
2022 Inhibition of ASCT2 induces hepatic stellate cell senescence by interfering with the IL-1α/NF-κB feedback loop; ASCT2 physically interacts with precursor IL-1α at Lys82 and is a direct target of glutaminolysis-dependent proinflammatory SASP signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation (ASCT2-pro-IL-1α interaction); genetic ASCT2 inhibition; in vitro senescence assays; mouse fibrosis model Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B Medium 36176909
2023 CAIX (carbonic anhydrase IX) physically interacts with SLC1A5 and coordinately regulates redox homeostasis through the GSH/GPX4 axis. Inhibition of CAIX increases glutamine uptake via SLC1A5 and raises GSH levels; combined inhibition of CAIX and SLC1A5/glutamine metabolism induces ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation; glutamine uptake assays; GSH/lipid peroxidation measurements; in vivo tumor models Molecular cancer therapeutics Medium 37348875
2016 Deletion of ASCT2 (SLC1A5) in HeLa and 143B cancer cells did not reduce net glutamine uptake or cell growth; instead, it activated a GCN2-dependent amino acid starvation response that upregulated SNAT1 (SLC38A1) to compensate. Combined silencing of GCN2 in the ASCT2-/- background reduced cell growth, demonstrating that net glutamine uptake requires SNAT1/SNAT2, not ASCT2 in these cell lines. CRISPR/TALEN-mediated ASCT2 deletion; radiolabeled amino acid uptake; GCN2 siRNA; growth assays; Western blot for stress response markers The Journal of biological chemistry High 27129276
2018 ASCT2 KO in colon (LS174T) and lung (A549) cancer cells reduced glutamine import by >60% but did not affect leucine uptake. ASCT2 KO strongly decreased tumor growth in vivo in both lines, but without triggering amino acid stress response (GCN2/EIF2α/ATF4) or altered mTORC1 (S6K1/S6) activity in contrast to LAT1 KO cells, indicating ASCT2-mediated tumor growth reduction is independent of LAT1 and independent of mTORC1 modulation in these contexts. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout; radiolabeled amino acid uptake assays; Western blot for mTORC1/GCN2 signaling; xenograft tumor models The Journal of biological chemistry High 29326164
2022 STAT3 regulates MYC expression in AML leukemia stem cells, which directly controls SLC1A5 transcription. Genetic inhibition of MYC or SLC1A5 phenocopied STAT3 inhibition in impairing oxidative phosphorylation. SLC1A5 inhibition reduced intracellular glutamine, glutathione, and TCA cycle metabolites, leading to reduced TCA cycle activity and OXPHOS inhibition. Genetic inhibition (shRNA/siRNA) of STAT3, MYC, and SLC1A5; metabolomics; OXPHOS measurement; primary human AML specimens Blood High 34525179
2014 ATF4 and N-Myc coordinately activate ASCT2 transcription in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. ATF4 was identified as a novel regulator directly binding the ASCT2 promoter region to activate its expression in cooperation with N-Myc. ChIP; luciferase reporter assay; ASCT2 depletion with glutaminolysis measurement; proliferation/tumorigenesis assays The Journal of pathology Medium 25142020
2019 SLC1A5 is a direct transcriptional target of c-Myc. Myc+/- heterozygous mice have decreased Slc1a5 expression, lower glutamine uptake, reduced mTORC1 activity, and elevated fatty acid oxidation via Cpt1a upregulation, establishing MYC→SLC1A5→mTORC1→FAO as a regulatory axis. Gene expression analysis in Myc+/- mice; glutamine uptake assays; mTORC1 activity measurement; Cpt1a expression analysis; ChIP (MYC binding to SLC1A5 promoter implied by prior work) Aging cell Medium 30909319
2024 ATF4 directly activates SLC1A5 transcription in colorectal cancer cells, as demonstrated by increased luciferase activity of the SLC1A5 promoter upon ATF4 overexpression and increased SLC1A5 promoter enrichment in ChIP with anti-ATF4 antibody. SLC1A5 knockdown inhibited glutamine metabolism, glucose metabolism, and expression of glycolytic enzymes HK2 and PKM2. Luciferase reporter assay; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); ATF4 overexpression/knockdown; SLC1A5 knockdown with metabolic assays Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica Medium 39696988
2017 MeCP2 and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) cooperate to methylate the miR-137 promoter, repressing miR-137 transcription and thereby derepressing ASCT2 expression and glutamine metabolism in cancer cells. miR-137 directly targets the ASCT2 3'UTR. Ectopic ASCT2 expression rescued miR-137-mediated suppression of tumorigenesis. Promoter methylation analysis; ChIP; miR-137 overexpression/knockdown; ASCT2 rescue experiments; glutamine metabolic analysis Oncogenesis Medium 28692032
2018 miR-137 negatively regulates ferroptosis by directly targeting SLC1A5, suppressing glutamine uptake and malondialdehyde accumulation. Ectopic miR-137 expression decreased SLC1A5 levels and reduced sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers erastin and RSL3 in melanoma cells. miR-137 ectopic expression; antagomir treatment; SLC1A5 3'UTR luciferase reporter; glutamine uptake; MDA measurement; in vivo xenograft Cell death and differentiation Medium 29348676
2006 GLAST/EAAT1-mediated glutamate uptake into astrocytes, when converted to glutamine by glutamine synthetase (GS), is a potent inducer of ASCT2 trafficking from cytosol to the plasma membrane. In differentiated human fetal astrocytes, glutamine (and to a lesser extent alanine) redistributed ASCT2 from cytosol to membrane; at lower pH (6.2–6.7), the cell surface pool of ASCT2 was larger. GS knockdown abolished the glutamate-induced effect on ASCT2 trafficking. siRNA knockdown of GS; immunofluorescence/subcellular localization of ASCT2; amino acid transport assays in human fetal astrocyte cultures; cAMP-induced differentiation Neurochemistry international Medium 16516348
2004 ASCT2 promoter activity and protein expression in HepG2 hepatoma cells are dependent on glutamine availability: glutamine deprivation reduced both ASCT2 protein and promoter-driven luciferase activity; restoration of glutamine reversed these effects. Deprivation of other essential amino acids had no effect on promoter activity. Luciferase reporter assay with 907-bp ASCT2 5'-flanking sequence; Western blot for ASCT2 protein; glutamine deprivation/repletion experiments The Biochemical journal Medium 15175006
2024 ASCT2 (SLC1A5) functions as a major serine transporter in cancer cells, with serine and glutamine competing for uptake through ASCT2. ASCT2-mediated serine uptake is essential for purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) promotes serine uptake by directly activating SLC1A5 transcription. ASCT2 knockout/knockdown; serine uptake assays; glutamine/serine competition assays; purine biosynthesis metabolomics; ERα ChIP on SLC1A5 promoter Cell reports High 39068660
2021 SLC1A5 provides both glutamine and asparagine to osteoblasts, which are essential for osteoblast differentiation. These amino acids primarily support biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids. Cell-autonomous loss of SLC1A5 impaired protein synthesis and osteoblast differentiation in a genetic mouse model. Conditional osteoblast-specific Slc1a5 knockout; metabolomic analysis; protein synthesis assays; differentiation assays eLife High 34647520
2019 Slc1a5 (ASCT2) knockout mice showed mild hematopoietic defects under steady state but reduced leukemia initiation and maintenance driven by MLL-AF9 or Pten deficiency. Loss of ASCT2 disrupted leucine influx and mTOR signaling and induced apoptosis in leukemic cells. Pharmacological ASCT2 inhibition decreased human AML xenograft growth. Constitutive and inducible Slc1a5 knockout mice; MLL-AF9 and Pten-deficiency leukemia models; metabolomics; mTOR signaling assessment; xenograft models Nature metabolism High 31535081
2018 V-9302, a competitive small molecule antagonist, selectively and potently inhibits ASCT2-mediated glutamine transport. Pharmacological ASCT2 blockade by V-9302 attenuated cancer cell growth, increased cell death, and increased oxidative stress, contributing to antitumor responses in vitro and in vivo. Competitive transport inhibition assays; glutamine uptake measurement; cancer cell proliferation/death assays; ROS measurement; xenograft tumor models Nature medicine High 29334372
2024 Mettl3-mediated m6A modification of Slc1a5 mRNA is recognized by Igf2bp2, which stabilizes the mRNA and promotes osteoblast senescence. Inhibition of Mettl3 reduced Slc1a5 m6A modification and expression, reducing osteoblast senescence and age-related bone loss in rats. m6A-RIP; Mettl3/Igf2bp2 overexpression/knockdown; mRNA stability assays; Cpd-564 (Mettl3 inhibitor) treatment; siRNA in vivo delivery; aged rat and OVX rat models Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease Medium 38844111
2023 lncRNA SYTL5-OT4 enhances ASCT2 protein expression by inhibiting its autophagic degradation. SYTL5-OT4 interacts with ASCT2, and this interaction protects ASCT2 from autophagy-mediated degradation; ASCT2 promotes vessel co-option and tumor cell proliferation/EMT in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. RNA immunoprecipitation; co-immunoprecipitation; loss/gain-of-function experiments; autophagic flux assays; histological analysis Drug resistance updates Medium 37207473

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Amino acid transporters ASCT2 and LAT1 in cancer: partners in crime? Seminars in cancer biology 594 15916903
2015 ASCT2/SLC1A5 controls glutamine uptake and tumour growth in triple-negative basal-like breast cancer. Oncogene 494 26455325
2004 Two RNAi complexes, RITS and RDRC, physically interact and localize to noncoding centromeric RNAs. Cell 451 15607976
2018 Pharmacological blockade of ASCT2-dependent glutamine transport leads to antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Nature medicine 416 29334372
2018 miR-137 regulates ferroptosis by targeting glutamine transporter SLC1A5 in melanoma. Cell death and differentiation 396 29348676
2019 A Variant of SLC1A5 Is a Mitochondrial Glutamine Transporter for Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells. Cell metabolism 369 31866442
2012 SLC1A5 mediates glutamine transport required for lung cancer cell growth and survival. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 297 23213057
2015 Targeting ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake blocks prostate cancer growth and tumour development. The Journal of pathology 292 25693838
2018 The Human SLC1A5 (ASCT2) Amino Acid Transporter: From Function to Structure and Role in Cell Biology. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 213 30234109
2016 Deletion of Amino Acid Transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) Reveals an Essential Role for Transporters SNAT1 (SLC38A1) and SNAT2 (SLC38A2) to Sustain Glutaminolysis in Cancer Cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 211 27129276
2018 The glutamine transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) promotes tumor growth independently of the amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5). The Journal of biological chemistry 147 29326164
2015 Targeting SLC1a5-mediated glutamine dependence in non-small cell lung cancer. International journal of cancer 143 25821004
2014 ATF4 and N-Myc coordinate glutamine metabolism in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells through ASCT2 activation. The Journal of pathology 137 25142020
2021 Targeting SLC1A5 and SLC3A2/SLC7A5 as a Potential Strategy to Strengthen Anti-Tumor Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment. Frontiers in immunology 135 33953707
2018 The role of ASCT2 in cancer: A review. European journal of pharmacology 135 30025811
2022 The STAT3-MYC axis promotes survival of leukemia stem cells by regulating SLC1A5 and oxidative phosphorylation. Blood 119 34525179
2019 ASCT2 (SLC1A5)-dependent glutamine uptake is involved in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. British journal of cancer 114 31819178
2003 N-linked glycosylation and sequence changes in a critical negative control region of the ASCT1 and ASCT2 neutral amino acid transporters determine their retroviral receptor functions. Journal of virology 91 12584318
2006 Altered placental syncytin and its receptor ASCT2 expression in placental development and pre-eclampsia. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 88 16411991
2002 Cyclic trinuclear and chain of cyclic trinuclear copper(II) complexes containing a pyramidal Cu(3)O(H) core. Crystal structures and magnetic properties of [Cu(3)(mu(3)-OH)(aaat)(3)(H(2)O)(3)](NO(3))(2).H(2)O [aaat = 3-acetylamino-5-amino-1,2,4-triazolate] and ([Cu(3)(mu(3)-OH)(aat)(3)(mu(3)-SO(4))].6H(2)O)(n) [aat = 3-acetylamino-1,2,4-triazolate]: new cases of spin-frustrated systems. Inorganic chemistry 85 12401089
2019 Ablation of the ASCT2 (SLC1A5) gene encoding a neutral amino acid transporter reveals transporter plasticity and redundancy in cancer cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 84 30635397
2020 Target the human Alanine/Serine/Cysteine Transporter 2(ASCT2): Achievement and Future for Novel Cancer Therapy. Pharmacological research 78 32438035
2019 Critical role of ASCT2-mediated amino acid metabolism in promoting leukaemia development and progression. Nature metabolism 78 31535081
2019 Long noncoding RNA ABHD11-AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate papillary thyroid cancer progression by miR-199a-5p/SLC1A5 axis. Cell death & disease 74 31409775
2014 Upregulated SLC1A5 promotes cell growth and survival in colorectal cancer. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 74 25337245
2022 SLC1A5 enhances malignant phenotypes through modulating ferroptosis status and immune microenvironment in glioma. Cell death & disease 73 36566214
2024 Quercetin induces ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells by targeting SLC1A5 and regulating the p-Camk2/p-DRP1 and NRF2/GPX4 Axes. Free radical biology & medicine 71 38190923
2018 Structural characterisation reveals insights into substrate recognition by the glutamine transporter ASCT2/SLC1A5. Nature communications 66 29295993
2017 ASCT2 regulates glutamine uptake and cell growth in endometrial carcinoma. Oncogenesis 65 28759021
2019 Cryo-EM structures of the human glutamine transporter SLC1A5 (ASCT2) in the outward-facing conformation. eLife 64 31580259
2003 Expression of neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 in human prostate. Anticancer research 63 12926082
2017 Clinical Role of ASCT2 (SLC1A5) in KRAS-Mutated Colorectal Cancer. International journal of molecular sciences 62 28749408
2015 N-linked glycosylation of human SLC1A5 (ASCT2) transporter is critical for trafficking to membrane. Biochimica et biophysica acta 62 25862406
2018 Targeting of glutamine transporter ASCT2 and glutamine synthetase suppresses gastric cancer cell growth. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 60 29435734
2022 Inhibition of ASCT2 induces hepatic stellate cell senescence with modified proinflammatory secretome through an IL-1α/NF-κB feedback pathway to inhibit liver fibrosis. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B 58 36176909
2019 SLC1A5 glutamine transporter is a target of MYC and mediates reduced mTORC1 signaling and increased fatty acid oxidation in long-lived Myc hypomorphic mice. Aging cell 58 30909319
2015 Ligand Discovery for the Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter (ASCT2, SLC1A5) from Homology Modeling and Virtual Screening. PLoS computational biology 57 26444490
2014 Transport mechanism and regulatory properties of the human amino acid transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5). Amino acids 55 25052780
2013 Large scale production of the active human ASCT2 (SLC1A5) transporter in Pichia pastoris--functional and kinetic asymmetry revealed in proteoliposomes. Biochimica et biophysica acta 55 23756778
2014 Expression of amino acid transporters (LAT1, ASCT2 and xCT) as clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology 54 25297701
2016 ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is an EGFR-associated protein that can be co-targeted by cetuximab to sensitize cancer cells to ROS-induced apoptosis. Cancer letters 52 27450723
2017 Epigenetic silencing of microRNA-137 enhances ASCT2 expression and tumor glutamine metabolism. Oncogenesis 50 28692032
2002 Changes in expression and function of syncytin and its receptor, amino acid transport system B(0) (ASCT2), in human placental choriocarcinoma BeWo cells during syncytialization. Placenta 50 12175968
2021 Rational design of ASCT2 inhibitors using an integrated experimental-computational approach. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 49 34507995
2021 ASCT2 and LAT1 Contribution to the Hallmarks of Cancer: From a Molecular Perspective to Clinical Translation. Cancers 48 33429909
1999 Regulation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) by effectors of adipogenesis: coordinate regulation of STATs 1, 5A, and 5B with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and C/AAAT enhancer binding protein-alpha. Biochimica et biophysica acta 47 10559472
2021 SLC1A5 provides glutamine and asparagine necessary for bone development in mice. eLife 46 34647520
2018 Inhibition of SLC1A5 sensitizes colorectal cancer to cetuximab. International journal of cancer 46 29363109
2016 Clinicopathological significance of LAT1 and ASCT2 in patients with surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of surgical oncology 45 26936531
2017 Effects of targeting SLC1A5 on inhibiting gastric cancer growth and tumor development in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 43 29100325
2016 Preclinical Evaluation of 4-[18F]Fluoroglutamine PET to Assess ASCT2 Expression in Lung Cancer. Molecular imaging and biology 43 25971659
2015 [(14)C]Fluciclovine (alias anti-[(14)C]FACBC) uptake and ASCT2 expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Nuclear medicine and biology 42 26278491
2004 Glutamine availability up-regulates expression of the amino acid transporter protein ASCT2 in HepG2 cells and stimulates the ASCT2 promoter. The Biochemical journal 41 15175006
2018 Targeted Suppression and Knockout of ASCT2 or LAT1 in Epithelial and Mesenchymal Human Liver Cancer Cells Fail to Inhibit Growth. International journal of molecular sciences 38 30029480
2020 Circular RNA circ-LDLRAD3 serves as an oncogene to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression by upregulating SLC1A5 through sponging miR-137. RNA biology 37 32658600
2018 SLC1A5 Silencing Inhibits Esophageal Cancer Growth via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 37 30071532
2017 ASCT2 (SLC1A5)-Deficient Mice Have Normal B-Cell Development, Proliferation, and Antibody Production. Frontiers in immunology 37 28553292
2022 Targeting ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Bioscience reports 36 35237783
2022 A novel miR-338-3p/SLC1A5 axis reprograms retinal pigment epithelium to increases its resistance to high glucose-induced cell ferroptosis. Journal of molecular histology 36 35320491
2021 The role of the glutamine transporter ASCT2 in antineoplastic therapy. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 35 33464409
2019 Anti-tumor effects of an antagonistic mAb against the ASCT2 amino acid transporter on KRAS-mutated human colorectal cancer cells. Cancer medicine 35 31709772
2015 Expression of Amino Acid Transporters (LAT1 and ASCT2) in Patients with Stage III/IV Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathology oncology research : POR 35 26024742
2021 Circ-SFMBT2 drives the malignant phenotypes of esophageal cancer by the miR-107-dependent regulation of SLC1A5. Cancer cell international 34 34530825
2016 Establishment of monoclonal antibodies against cell surface domains of ASCT2/SLC1A5 and their inhibition of glutamine-dependent tumor cell growth. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 34 27865832
2018 Topotecan induces apoptosis via ASCT2 mediated oxidative stress in gastric cancer. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 33 30668314
2022 SLC1A5 Prefers to Play as an Accomplice Rather Than an Opponent in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 31 35419359
2021 Inhibition of the ʟ-glutamine transporter ASCT2 sensitizes plasma cell myeloma cells to proteasome inhibitors. Cancer letters 30 33713737
2021 ASCT1 and ASCT2: Brother and Sister? SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D 30 34269129
2022 Impeding the combination of astrocytic ASCT2 and NLRP3 by talniflumate alleviates neuroinflammation in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B 29 36873178
2024 Discovery of Novel Aminobutanoic Acid-Based ASCT2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Journal of medicinal chemistry 28 38217503
2022 Discoidin domain receptor 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through modulation of SLC1A5 and the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 28 35089546
2001 Truncated forms of the dual function human ASCT2 neutral amino acid transporter/retroviral receptor are translationally initiated at multiple alternative CUG and GUG codons. The Journal of biological chemistry 28 11350958
2022 Inspiratory hyperoxia suppresses lung cancer metastasis through a MYC/SLC1A5-dependent metabolic pathway. The European respiratory journal 27 35680143
2022 Glutamine Transporter SLC1A5 Regulates Ionizing Radiation-Derived Oxidative Damage and Ferroptosis. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 26 36262284
2022 circ_0025033 promotes ovarian cancer development via regulating the hsa_miR-370-3p/SLC1A5 axis. Cellular & molecular biology letters 26 36273140
2023 TRIM6 Reduces Ferroptosis and Chemosensitivity by Targeting SLC1A5 in Lung Cancer. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 25 36654781
2018 Cys Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Human SLC1A5 (ASCT2) Transporter: Structure/Function Relationships and Crucial Role of Cys467 for Redox Sensing and Glutamine Transport. International journal of molecular sciences 24 29495336
2024 ASCT2 is a major contributor to serine uptake in cancer cells. Cell reports 23 39068660
2023 A Carbonic Anhydrase IX/SLC1A5 Axis Regulates Glutamine Metabolism Dependent Ferroptosis in Hypoxic Tumor Cells. Molecular cancer therapeutics 23 37348875
2023 Targeting Pulmonary Fibrosis by SLC1A5-Dependent Glutamine Transport Blockade. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 23 37459644
2019 Metformin inhibits PPARδ agonist-mediated tumor growth by reducing Glut1 and SLC1A5 expressions of cancer cells. European journal of pharmacology 23 31150647
2020 Enhanced glutamine utilization mediated by SLC1A5 and GPT2 is an essential metabolic feature of colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma with therapeutic potential. Annals of translational medicine 21 32355746
2006 High-affinity glutamate transporter GLAST/EAAT1 regulates cell surface expression of glutamine/neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 in human fetal astrocytes. Neurochemistry international 21 16516348
2023 miR-122-5p Restrains Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth and Causes Apoptosis by Negatively Regulating ASCT2. Anticancer research 20 37772564
2021 Circ_0072995 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression Through Regulating miR-122-5p/SLC1A5 Axis. Biochemical genetics 20 34132956
2021 SLC1A5 co-expression with TALDO1 associates with endocrine therapy failure in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast cancer research and treatment 20 34282517
2023 QUAS-R: An SLC1A5-mediated glutamine uptake assay with single-cell resolution reveals metabolic heterogeneity with immune populations. Cell reports 19 37478011
2023 A Novel ASCT2 Inhibitor, C118P, Blocks Glutamine Transport and Exhibits Antitumour Efficacy in Breast Cancer. Cancers 18 37894450
2022 Ag120-Mediated Inhibition of ASCT2-Dependent Glutamine Transport has an Anti-Tumor Effect on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Frontiers in pharmacology 18 35418865
2019 Interaction of Cholesterol With the Human SLC1A5 (ASCT2): Insights Into Structure/Function Relationships. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 18 31709262
2024 Inhibition of Mettl3 ameliorates osteoblastic senescence by mitigating m6A modifications on Slc1a5 via Igf2bp2-dependent mechanisms. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 16 38844111
2022 Targeting of the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 induces cellular senescence in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 35487063
2023 lncRNA SYTL5-OT4 promotes vessel co-option by inhibiting the autophagic degradation of ASCT2. Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy 15 37207473
2023 SLC1A5 is a novel biomarker associated with ferroptosis and the tumor microenvironment: a pancancer analysis. Aging 15 37566748
2022 Circ_0001273 downregulation inhibits the growth, migration and glutamine metabolism of esophageal cancer cells via targeting the miR-622/SLC1A5 signaling axis. Thoracic cancer 15 35567340
2021 Circ_0000463 contributes to the progression and glutamine metabolism of non-small-cell lung cancer by targeting miR-924/SLC1A5 signaling. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 15 34811815
2024 ATF4 promotes glutaminolysis and glycolysis in colorectal cancer by transcriptionally inducing SLC1A5. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 14 39696988
2022 Circ_0062558 promotes growth, migration, and glutamine metabolism in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting the miR-876-3p/SLC1A5 axis. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 14 35284960
2021 Comprehensive molecular and clinical characterization of SLC1A5 in human cancers. Pathology, research and practice 14 34171602
2002 Hartnup disorder: polymorphisms identified in the neutral amino acid transporter SLC1A5. Journal of inherited metabolic disease 14 12555937

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