Affinage

SET

Protein SET · UniProt Q01105

Length
290 aa
Mass
33.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SET (TAF-Iβ / PHAPII / I2PP2A) is a multifunctional nuclear protein that couples histone chaperone activity to the control of protein acetylation, phosphatase signaling, and chromatin-dependent transcription (PMID:17360516, PMID:21911363). Structurally it is a dimeric 'headphone'-shaped protein whose central 'earmuff' domain binds both core histones and double-stranded DNA to mediate its chaperone function (PMID:17360516); quantitatively it binds histone H3 with high affinity through this central region, while the acidic C-terminal tail and N-terminal dimerization domain are dispensable (PMID:19358706). As a histone chaperone SET associates with newly synthesized H4 and shields it from HAT1-mediated K5/K12 acetylation, maintaining H4 stability and orderly S-phase progression (PMID:28977641). Beyond histones, its INHAT activity blocks acetylation of multiple non-histone substrates—p53 by p300/PCAF, Ku70 by CBP/PCAF, and FoxO1 by p300—thereby repressing p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, gating Ku70/80 release for NHEJ repair after DNA damage, and modulating FoxO1-driven p21 transcription (PMID:21911363, PMID:24305947, PMID:24983498). SET also acts as an endogenous PP2A inhibitor, increasing P450c17 17,20-lyase activity to promote androgen biosynthesis and negatively regulating the MEK/ERK pathway and G1/S transition (PMID:12444089, PMID:15703833). Through direct binding to the BRCT domain of MCPH1 it restrains condensin II to ensure normal chromosome condensation (PMID:21515671), and it represses chromatin targets via reduced histone acetylation coupled to TET1-driven DNA demethylation (PMID:28460463). Its histone chaperone activity is switched off when cytochrome c translocates to the nucleus upon DNA damage and locks its histone-binding domains (PMID:26216969). SET additionally attenuates M3-muscarinic receptor signaling by binding the receptor i3 loop (PMID:17065150), and its leukemogenic SET-CAN fusion impairs hematopoietic differentiation (PMID:17620317).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 20 steps
  1. 1994 Medium

    Established an early biochemical handle on SET/PHAPII by isolating it through a defined ligand, framing it as a cytosolic interactor of HLA class II cytoplasmic tails.

    Evidence Affinity purification on a biotinylated HLA-DR2 alpha cytoplasmic peptide with protein and cDNA sequencing

    PMID:8192856

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional consequence of HLA binding shown
    • Single-lab affinity capture without orthogonal validation
  2. 2002 High

    Showed that SET acts as a selective PP2A inhibitor with a concrete physiological output, linking phosphatase control to steroidogenesis.

    Evidence Co-IP, siRNA knockdown, and okadaic-acid-sensitive microsomal phosphatase/lyase activity assays

    PMID:12444089

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not define how SET selectivity for PP2A over PP4 is achieved
    • Structural basis of inhibition unresolved
  3. 2003 Medium

    Demonstrated that SET/TAF-I can be hijacked into viral nucleoprotein assembly, showing its chaperone surface engages DNA via partner proteins.

    Evidence In vitro binding with recombinant proteins and Co-IP from adenovirus-infected cells

    PMID:14675767

    Open questions at the time
    • Relevance to endogenous chromatin assembly not established
    • Single-lab context
  4. 2005 Medium

    Connected SET to oncogenic signaling, defining it as a negative regulator of the MEK/ERK proliferative axis and a brake on G1/S transition.

    Evidence Reciprocal overexpression/siRNA with ERK/MEK phosphorylation Western blots and flow cytometry

    PMID:15703833

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link between PP2A inhibition and ERK suppression not directly dissected
    • Single-lab study
  5. 2005 Medium

    Identified an activating role in transcription via direct CBP binding, broadening SET beyond acetyltransferase inhibition and placing it in nucleoplasmic foci.

    Evidence Co-IP, confocal microscopy, and reporter transactivation assays

    PMID:16061203

    Open questions at the time
    • Apparent contradiction with INHAT inhibitory role unresolved
    • Promoter context-dependence not mapped
  6. 2005 Medium

    Placed SET phosphorylation downstream of an oncoprotein, suggesting its activity is regulated by upstream kinase signaling in cancer.

    Evidence 2D-DIGE phosphoproteomics, in-gel kinase assay, and siRNA in prostate cancer cells

    PMID:15930275

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphorylation site and functional consequence on SET not defined
    • Direct vs indirect kinase relationship unclear
  7. 2006 High

    Extended SET function to membrane receptor signaling, showing it directly dampens M3 muscarinic receptor output.

    Evidence GST pulldown, reciprocal Co-IP, and siRNA with specific calcium mobilization readouts and controls

    PMID:17065150

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism by which i3-loop binding attenuates signaling unknown
    • Whether nuclear SET pools contribute is unclear
  8. 2007 High

    Provided the structural foundation for SET function, defining the dimeric architecture and the earmuff surface that binds histones and DNA.

    Evidence 2.3 Å X-ray crystallography with mutagenesis and in vitro binding

    PMID:17360516

    Open questions at the time
    • No structure of histone- or substrate-bound complex
    • Does not explain non-histone substrate selectivity
  9. 2007 Medium

    Defined SET as a corepressor that occupies GREs and is displaced by ligand-bound GR, and showed the SET-CAN fusion locks repression—mechanistically linking SET to nuclear hormone signaling and oncogenesis.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, ChIP, reporter assays, and Co-IP

    PMID:18096310

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality across GR target genes not established
    • Single-lab study
  10. 2007 Medium

    Built an interaction map identifying CK2 as a kinase acting on SET and metabolic/translation-associated partners, framing SET as a phosphorylation-regulated hub.

    Evidence Affinity-MS screen with Co-IP confirmation and in vitro CK2 kinase assay

    PMID:17309103

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequences of most interactions untested
    • CK2 phosphosite and its effect not mapped
  11. 2008 Medium

    Modeled the leukemogenic activity of the SET-CAN fusion in vivo, linking SET-derived oncoproteins to blocked hematopoietic differentiation.

    Evidence Gata1-driven SET-CAN transgenic mice with flow cytometry and bone marrow analysis

    PMID:17620317

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution of native SET domains to the phenotype not isolated
    • Molecular targets of the fusion in vivo unknown
  12. 2009 Medium

    Quantified SET's histone preference and mapped the binding determinant to its central region, refining the chaperone mechanism.

    Evidence GST pulldown, fluorescence binding (Kd determination), and CD on truncation mutants

    PMID:19358706

    Open questions at the time
    • Affinity in the context of full nucleosome assembly not addressed
    • Single-lab measurements
  13. 2010 Medium

    Identified a developmental gene-regulatory role, showing SET binds neuronal marker promoters and restrains differentiation.

    Evidence ChIP, siRNA, expression analysis, and Drosophila embryo immunostaining

    PMID:20800572

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct repressive mechanism at these promoters not dissected
    • Mammalian conservation of neuronal role untested here
  14. 2011 High

    Established SET as a direct INHAT regulator of p53, mechanistically connecting acetylation shielding to suppression of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis across species.

    Evidence In vitro acetylation, Co-IP, reporter/FACS/TUNEL readouts, and Drosophila genetic rescue

    PMID:21911363

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo tumor-suppressor relevance not addressed
    • Selectivity among p53 lysines not defined
  15. 2011 High

    Revealed a chromosome-condensation function through direct MCPH1 BRCT-domain binding that restrains condensin II.

    Evidence Co-IP, siRNA, condensin II epistasis, and MCPH1 mutant complementation

    PMID:21515671

    Open questions at the time
    • How SET-MCPH1 binding mechanistically limits condensin II unclear
    • Cell-cycle timing of the interaction not resolved
  16. 2013 High

    Defined SET as a switch controlling Ku70 acetylation and NHEJ engagement, with DNA damage releasing Ku70/80 to break sites.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, in vitro acetylation, and laser micro-irradiation live imaging with siRNA

    PMID:24305947

    Open questions at the time
    • Signal that triggers SET-Ku70 dissociation not identified
    • Quantitative impact on repair efficiency not measured
  17. 2014 Medium

    Extended INHAT regulation to FoxO1, linking SET to oxidative-stress-responsive p21 transcription.

    Evidence In vitro acetylation, Co-IP, luciferase reporter, and RT-PCR

    PMID:24983498

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SET activates or represses FoxO1 targets broadly is unclear
    • Single-lab study
  18. 2015 High

    Identified the off-switch for SET chaperone activity: nuclear cytochrome c locks its histone-binding domains during DNA damage, blocking nucleosome assembly.

    Evidence NMR, ITC, mutagenesis, docking, nucleosome assembly assay, and subcellular fractionation

    PMID:26216969

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream chromatin/apoptotic consequences of this block not fully traced
    • Kinetics of cytochrome c competition in cells not measured
  19. 2017 High

    Demonstrated SET's role in safeguarding newly synthesized H4, preventing HAT1 over-acetylation and supporting H4 stability and S-phase progression.

    Evidence Proteomics of new-H4 complex, in vitro HAT1 assay, siRNA, and cell-cycle analysis

    PMID:28977641

    Open questions at the time
    • Division of labor between SET and PP32 not resolved
    • Link to Hsp90 chaperone pathway mechanistically incomplete
  20. 2017 Medium

    Connected SET-driven transcriptional repression to coordinated epigenetic remodeling via TET1-dependent DNA demethylation and reduced histone acetylation.

    Evidence Methylation arrays, 5mC/5hmC staining, ChIP, expression panels, and 5-AZA/TSA inhibition

    PMID:28460463

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect control of TET1 not established
    • Single-lab study

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How SET's distinct activities—histone chaperone, INHAT acetylation shielding, PP2A inhibition, and receptor/transcription regulation—are partitioned and coordinated within a cell, and how phosphorylation toggles between them, remains unresolved.
  • No integrated model linking phosphorylation state to which activity dominates
  • Substrate-selection rules for INHAT shielding undefined
  • Spatial/temporal regulation across cytosolic and nuclear pools unclear

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 6 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 5 GO:0042393 histone binding 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
CHRM3CREBBPCSNK2A1FOXO1MCPH1PP2ATP53XRCC6
Complex memberships
INHAT complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2007 Crystal structure of SET/TAF-Iβ/INHAT resolved at 2.3 Å revealed a dimeric 'headphone'-like structure with N-terminus, backbone helix, and 'earmuff' domain per subunit. Biochemical mutagenesis showed the bottom surface of the earmuff domain mediates histone chaperone activity by binding both core histones and double-stranded DNA. X-ray crystallography at 2.3 Å resolution; biochemical mutagenesis; in vitro binding assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 17360516
2002 SET/PHAPII (phosphoprotein SET) inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) but not PP4, thereby increasing 17,20 lyase activity of P450c17 and promoting androgen biosynthesis. PP2A co-immunoprecipitated with P450c17; SET inhibited PP2A in a concentration-dependent, okadaic acid-sensitive manner. Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown; microsomal activity assays; phosphatase inhibitor experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 12444089
1994 PHAPII (SET) was purified from the cytosolic fraction of human B-cells using a synthetic biotinylated cytoplasmic region of the HLA-DR2 alpha chain as affinity matrix, indicating SET binds the cytoplasmic region of HLA class II molecules. Affinity chromatography purification; protein sequencing; cDNA sequencing Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler Medium 8192856
2003 TAF-Iβ (SET) forms ternary complexes with adenovirus DNA-protein VII complexes in infected cells during early infection. In vitro binding assays showed TAF-I interacts with DNA through core protein VII. In vitro binding assays with recombinant proteins; co-immunoprecipitation from infected cells FEBS letters Medium 14675767
2015 Cytochrome c translocates to cell nuclei upon DNA damage and competitively inhibits SET/TAF-Iβ histone chaperone activity by binding its histone-binding domains and locking them, thereby preventing nucleosome assembly. The structural basis of the cytochrome c–SET/TAF-Iβ interaction was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry, mutagenesis, and molecular docking. NMR spectroscopy; isothermal titration calorimetry; site-directed mutagenesis; molecular docking; nucleosome assembly assay; subcellular fractionation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 26216969
2011 SET/TAF-Iβ inhibited p300- and PCAF-mediated acetylation of p53 in an INHAT domain-dependent manner. SET/TAF-Iβ interacted with p53, repressed transcription of p53 target genes, and blocked p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In Drosophila, dSet inhibited dp53 acetylation and rescued apoptotic eye phenotype induced by dp53 overexpression or UV irradiation. In vitro acetylation assay; Co-immunoprecipitation; reporter assays; FACS; TUNEL; BrdU incorporation; Drosophila genetic rescue experiments Nucleic acids research High 21911363
2013 SET/TAF-Iβ interacts with Ku70/80 heterodimer and inhibits CBP- and PCAF-mediated Ku70 acetylation in an INHAT domain-dependent manner. UV-induced DNA damage disrupted the SET/TAF-Iβ–Ku70 interaction, releasing Ku70/80 for recruitment to DNA double-strand break sites via the NHEJ pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation; in vitro acetylation assay; laser micro-irradiation/live imaging of Ku70 recruitment; siRNA knockdown Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS High 24305947
2007 Activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) interacts with the DNA-binding domain of SET/TAF-Iβ via yeast two-hybrid and co-precipitates with glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) of glucocorticoid-responsive promoters. Ligand-bound GR causes dissociation of SET/TAF-Iβ from promoter GREs, relieving transcriptional repression. The SET-CAN fusion protein does not interact with GR and is constitutively associated with GREs, suppressing GR-mediated transcription. Yeast two-hybrid; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); reporter gene assays; Co-immunoprecipitation Molecular and cellular endocrinology Medium 18096310
2005 PCOTH overexpression in prostate cancer cells significantly elevated phosphorylation of SET/TAF-Iβ, as demonstrated by 2D-DIGE, Western blotting, and in-gel kinase assay, linking PCOTH to SET-mediated cancer cell growth. 2D-DIGE phosphoproteomic analysis; Western blotting; in-gel kinase assay; siRNA knockdown Cancer research Medium 15930275
2011 SET nuclear oncogene directly binds the N-terminal BRCT domain of MCPH1 (Microcephalin). SET knockdown caused abnormal chromosome condensation similar to MCPH1-deficient cells, rescued by Condensin II knockdown. MCPH1 missense mutations impairing SET binding failed to rescue the abnormal chromosome condensation phenotype. Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown; epistasis rescue experiments with condensin II knockdown; mutant cell complementation The Journal of biological chemistry High 21515671
2009 SET/TAF-Iβ binds histone H3 preferentially over H2B (Kd 0.15 μM vs 2.87 μM). The central region of SET/TAF-Iβ mediates binding to the globular domain of H3, while the acidic C-terminal tail and N-terminal dimerization domain are dispensable for this interaction. GST pulldown; fluorescence spectroscopy-based binding assays; circular dichroism of truncation mutants BMC biochemistry Medium 19358706
2005 SET/TAF-Iβ directly interacts with the acetyltransferase CBP (CREB-binding protein) and enhances CBP-mediated transactivation. SET localizes in distinct nucleoplasmic foci in interphase cells. Co-immunoprecipitation; confocal laser scanning microscopy; reporter gene transactivation assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16061203
2017 SET/TAF-Iβ and PP32 associate with newly synthesized histone H4 and prevent HAT1-mediated acetylation of H4 at K5 and K12 in vitro. Depletion of PP32 and SET/TAF-Iβ in vivo caused hyperacetylation of H4, decreased H4 stability, reduced Hsp90 interaction, and S-phase arrest. Proteomics/MS of newly synthesized H4 complex; in vitro HAT1 acetylation assay; siRNA knockdown; mass spectrometry; cell cycle analysis Nucleic acids research High 28977641
2014 SET/TAF-Iβ inhibits p300-mediated acetylation of FoxO1 in an INHAT domain-dependent manner. SET/TAF-Iβ interacts with FoxO1 and activates transcription of the FoxO1 target gene p21, with increased p21 transcription also observed under oxidative stress conditions. In vitro acetylation assay; Co-immunoprecipitation; luciferase reporter assay; RT-PCR FEBS letters Medium 24983498
2006 SET binds the carboxyl region of the M3-muscarinic receptor third intracellular loop (i3 loop). Endogenous SET co-immunoprecipitates with intact M3 muscarinic receptor. siRNA knockdown of SET augmented M3 receptor-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization by ~35% without affecting P2-purinergic receptor or ionomycin-stimulated calcium responses, indicating SET specifically attenuates M3 muscarinic receptor signaling capacity. GST pulldown from rat brain lysates; Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown; calcium mobilization assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 17065150
2007 Proteomic screen identified SET-binding proteins including CK2, eIF2α, glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and TCP1-β. SET is a substrate of CK2 in vitro. SET interacts with active (phosphorylated) glycogen phosphorylase but not its inactive form. SET affinity chromatography; 2-DE/MALDI-TOF MS; Western blot confirmation; Co-immunoprecipitation; in vitro kinase assay Proteomics Medium 17309103
2005 SET/I2PP2A negatively regulates the MEK/ERK pathway: overexpression suppressed EGF-stimulated ERK activation, while siRNA-mediated depletion enhanced MEK and ERK activations. SET overexpression inhibited G1/S transition and suppressed cell proliferation. siRNA knockdown; exogenous overexpression; Western blotting for ERK/MEK phosphorylation; flow cytometry cell cycle analysis International journal of oncology Medium 15703833
2010 SET/TAF-Iβ binds promoters of neuronal development marker genes and negatively regulates their transcription. SET/TAF-Iβ is abundantly expressed in neuronal tissues of Drosophila embryos prior to and in early neuronal development and is reduced during differentiation; siRNA knockdown of SET/TAF-Iβ induces neuronal cell differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); siRNA knockdown; gene expression analysis; immunostaining of Drosophila embryos Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 20800572
2017 SET protein accumulation promotes active DNA demethylation (via increased TET1 levels and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine formation), and directly binds chromatin at promoters of target genes to decrease histone acetylation and repress transcription. TSA (HDAC inhibitor) treatment reversed SET-mediated transcriptional repression and reduced SET protein levels and chromatin binding. DNA methylation array; 5-methylcytidine/5-hydroxymethylcytosine immunostaining; ChIP; gene expression panels; pharmacological inhibition with 5-AZA and TSA Oncotarget Medium 28460463
2008 SET-CAN fusion protein (from t(9;9) acute undifferentiated leukemia) impairs hematopoietic differentiation of erythroid, megakaryocytic, and B cell lineages in transgenic mice, with accumulation of c-kit+Sca-1+Lin- cells in bone marrow. Transgenic mice expressing SET-CAN under the Gata1 regulatory domain developed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly. Transgenic mouse model; flow cytometry; bone marrow analysis; hematopoietic cell characterization Journal of cellular physiology Medium 17620317

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2020 ShinyGO: a graphical gene-set enrichment tool for animals and plants. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 3604 31882993
2021 Gene Set Knowledge Discovery with Enrichr. Current protocols 2701 33780170
2019 WebGestalt 2019: gene set analysis toolkit with revamped UIs and APIs. Nucleic acids research 2387 31114916
2018 GSCALite: a web server for gene set cancer analysis. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 851 29790900
2002 MLL targets SET domain methyltransferase activity to Hox gene promoters. Molecular cell 851 12453418
2005 The SET-domain protein superfamily: protein lysine methyltransferases. Genome biology 603 16086857
2023 GSCA: an integrated platform for gene set cancer analysis at genomic, pharmacogenomic and immunogenomic levels. Briefings in bioinformatics 491 36549921
2007 Gene function in mouse embryogenesis: get set for gastrulation. Nature reviews. Genetics 465 17387317
2010 The p53 orchestra: Mdm2 and Mdmx set the tone. Trends in cell biology 366 20172729
1998 SET domain proteins modulate chromatin domains in eu- and heterochromatin. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 303 9487389
2016 Characterizing transcriptional heterogeneity through pathway and gene set overdispersion analysis. Nature methods 279 26780092
2015 Comprehensive characterization of the Published Kinase Inhibitor Set. Nature biotechnology 258 26501955
2019 Acute Pancreatitis: A Multifaceted Set of Organelle and Cellular Interactions. Gastroenterology 245 30660726
2008 Gene-set approach for expression pattern analysis. Briefings in bioinformatics 236 18202032
2012 EnrichNet: network-based gene set enrichment analysis. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 216 22962466
2016 The statistical properties of gene-set analysis. Nature reviews. Genetics 208 27070863
1995 A new set of useful cloning and expression vectors derived from pBlueScript. Gene 191 7557476
2007 Improving gene set analysis of microarray data by SAM-GS. BMC bioinformatics 187 17612399
2013 Mitosis and apoptosis: how is the balance set? Current opinion in cell biology 158 23890995
2006 Extensions to gene set enrichment. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 151 17127676
2022 Pan-cancer profiles of the cuproptosis gene set. American journal of cancer research 142 36119826
2016 Plant metabolism, the diverse chemistry set of the future. Science (New York, N.Y.) 142 27634523
2007 Relationship between the structure of SET/TAF-Ibeta/INHAT and its histone chaperone activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 138 17360516
2019 Recent advances in the CRISPR genome editing tool set. Experimental & molecular medicine 126 31685795
2020 Melatonin in flowering, fruit set and fruit ripening. Plant reproduction 117 32253624
2011 Substrate and product specificities of SET domain methyltransferases. Epigenetics 113 21847010
2009 ConceptGen: a gene set enrichment and gene set relation mapping tool. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 113 20007254
2002 Protein phosphatase 2A and phosphoprotein SET regulate androgen production by P450c17. The Journal of biological chemistry 112 12444089
2017 Histone Methylation by SET Domain Proteins in Fungi. Annual review of microbiology 109 28715960
2019 The barcode, UMI, set format and BUStools. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 102 31073610
2007 Protein synthesis in liposomes with a minimal set of enzymes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 101 17850764
1992 Neurotransmitters as neurotrophic factors: a new set of functions. International review of neurobiology 99 1350276
2011 SET domain proteins in plant development. Biochimica et biophysica acta 94 21664308
1994 Purification and characterization of two putative HLA class II associated proteins: PHAPI and PHAPII. Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 91 8192856
2019 A consensus set of genetic vulnerabilities to ATR inhibition. Open biology 88 31506018
2018 How the evolution of multicellularity set the stage for cancer. British journal of cancer 86 29337961
2009 Gene set enrichment analysis. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 82 19597782
2007 Comparative evaluation of gene-set analysis methods. BMC bioinformatics 71 17988400
2008 Gene-set analysis and reduction. Briefings in bioinformatics 67 18836208
2018 Gene set analysis methods: a systematic comparison. BioData mining 66 29881462
2018 Single olfactory receptors set odor detection thresholds. Nature communications 64 30038239
2008 DOCKGROUND protein-protein docking decoy set. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 60 18812365
2021 Using azobenzene photocontrol to set proteins in motion. Nature reviews. Chemistry 58 37117294
2003 Ternary complex formation between DNA-adenovirus core protein VII and TAF-Ibeta/SET, an acidic molecular chaperone. FEBS letters 57 14675767
2015 Structural basis for inhibition of the histone chaperone activity of SET/TAF-Iβ by cytochrome c. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 55 26216969
2010 Gene set analysis exploiting the topology of a pathway. BMC systems biology 53 20809931
2008 The SET and transposase domain protein Metnase enhances chromosome decatenation: regulation by automethylation. Nucleic acids research 51 18790802
2011 Inhibition of p53 acetylation by INHAT subunit SET/TAF-Iβ represses p53 activity. Nucleic acids research 49 21911363
2020 Optogenetics and biosensors set the stage for metabolic cybergenetics. Current opinion in biotechnology 47 32932048
2013 On your histone mark, SET, methylate! Epigenetics 46 23625014
2007 Gene Set Expression Comparison kit for BRB-ArrayTools. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 46 18006549
2017 Ranking metrics in gene set enrichment analysis: do they matter? BMC bioinformatics 45 28499413
2017 Easy and efficient ensemble gene set testing with EGSEA. F1000Research 44 29333246
2016 SET/MLL family proteins in hematopoiesis and leukemia. International journal of hematology 44 27796741
2018 Perceiving set mean and range: Automaticity and precision. Journal of vision 41 30267075
2007 Cryptic chromosome 9q34 deletion generates TAF-Ialpha/CAN and TAF-Ibeta/CAN fusion transcripts in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 41 17296573
2021 SUV39 SET domains mediate crosstalk of heterochromatic histone marks. eLife 39 34524082
2018 Concurrent processes set E. coli cell division. Science advances 39 30417095
2020 PRIMPOL ready, set, reprime! Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology 38 33179522
2013 Graphite Web: Web tool for gene set analysis exploiting pathway topology. Nucleic acids research 37 23666626
2015 Niosome-loaded cold-set whey protein hydrogels. Food chemistry 36 26593471
2007 Chlamydial SET domain protein functions as a histone methyltransferase. Microbiology (Reading, England) 35 17259630
2007 GAzer: gene set analyzer. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 35 17468122
2007 Activated glucocorticoid receptor interacts with the INHAT component Set/TAF-Ibeta and releases it from a glucocorticoid-responsive gene promoter, relieving repression: implications for the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid resistance in acute undifferentiated leukemia with Set-Can translocation. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 35 18096310
2018 A comprehensive and perspective view of oncoprotein SET in cancer. Cancer medicine 33 29749127
2007 Plant SET- and RING-associated domain proteins in heterochromatinization. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 33 17892444
2017 SMCHD1 regulates a limited set of gene clusters on autosomal chromosomes. Skeletal muscle 32 28587678
2020 A limited set of transcriptional programs define major cell types. Genome research 31 32759341
2013 Inhibition of Ku70 acetylation by INHAT subunit SET/TAF-Iβ regulates Ku70-mediated DNA damage response. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 31 24305947
2005 PCOTH, a novel gene overexpressed in prostate cancers, promotes prostate cancer cell growth through phosphorylation of oncoprotein TAF-Ibeta/SET. Cancer research 31 15930275
2011 SET nuclear oncogene associates with microcephalin/MCPH1 and regulates chromosome condensation. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 21515671
2018 SET-9 and SET-26 are H3K4me3 readers and play critical roles in germline development and longevity. eLife 28 29714684
2017 GSAR: Bioconductor package for Gene Set analysis in R. BMC bioinformatics 28 28118818
2014 Unraveling the signal scenario of fruit set. Planta 28 24659051
2008 Impairment of erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation by a leukemia-associated and t(9;9)-derived fusion gene product, SET/TAF-Ibeta-CAN/Nup214. Journal of cellular physiology 27 17620317
2005 The histone chaperone SET/TAF-Ibeta interacts functionally with the CREB-binding protein. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 27 16061203
2017 PP32 and SET/TAF-Iβ proteins regulate the acetylation of newly synthesized histone H4. Nucleic acids research 26 28977641
2016 Integrated gene set analysis for microRNA studies. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 26 27324197
2013 Gene Set/Pathway enrichment analysis. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 26 23192548
2009 Identification of distinct SET/TAF-Ibeta domains required for core histone binding and quantitative characterisation of the interaction. BMC biochemistry 25 19358706
2020 Genome Improvement and Core Gene Set Refinement of Fugacium kawagutii. Microorganisms 24 31940756
2019 Graph Algorithms for Condensing and Consolidating Gene Set Analysis Results. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 24 31142576
2014 Inhibition of FoxO1 acetylation by INHAT subunit SET/TAF-Iβ induces p21 transcription. FEBS letters 24 24983498
2011 Gene set analysis of purine and pyrimidine antimetabolites cancer therapies. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 24 21869733
2024 Probe set selection for targeted spatial transcriptomics. Nature methods 23 39558096
2015 Principal component gene set enrichment (PCGSE). BioData mining 23 26300978
2007 Proteomic analysis of SET-binding proteins. Proteomics 23 17309103
2019 Relating categorization to set summary statistics perception. Attention, perception & psychophysics 22 31243687
2017 SET oncoprotein accumulation regulates transcription through DNA demethylation and histone hypoacetylation. Oncotarget 22 28460463
2019 Expression of V-set immunoregulatory receptor in malignant mesothelioma. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 20 31363159
2018 Using set theory to reduce redundancy in pathway sets. BMC bioinformatics 20 30340461
2020 The MLL/SET family and haematopoiesis. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms 19 32389825
2006 The proto-oncogene SET interacts with muscarinic receptors and attenuates receptor signaling. The Journal of biological chemistry 19 17065150
2023 Modulating auxin response stabilizes tomato fruit set. Plant physiology 18 37032117
2015 The therapeutic effects of SET/I2PP2A inhibitors on canine melanoma. The Journal of veterinary medical science 18 26062569
2005 The oncoprotein I-2PP2A/SET negatively regulates the MEK/ERK pathway and cell proliferation. International journal of oncology 18 15703833
2020 GeneSetCluster: a tool for summarizing and integrating gene-set analysis results. BMC bioinformatics 17 33028195
2018 SET alpha and SET beta mRNA isoforms in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. British journal of haematology 17 30443898
2010 Negative regulation of neuronal cell differentiation by INHAT subunit SET/TAF-Iβ. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 20800572
2015 miSEA: microRNA set enrichment analysis. Bio Systems 16 26093049

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