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Showing RSPH3 — RSP3 is a alias.

RSPH3

Radial spoke head protein 3 homolog · UniProt Q86UC2

Length
560 aa
Mass
63.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
54 papers in source corpus 19 papers cited in narrative 19 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RSPH3 (RSP3) is a highly conserved radial spoke stalk protein that functions as a structural scaffold and A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) coordinating PKA-dependent regulation of axonemal dynein activity in motile cilia and flagella (PMID:11309423, PMID:8408197). Its N-terminal domain (minimal region aa 42–85) docks the protein directly onto spokeless axonemal doublet microtubules and is required for radial spoke assembly and motility, and this same region mediates RSPH3 homodimerization so that each spoke is built on an RSP3 dimer (PMID:8408197, PMID:18157907). The central RII-binding amphipathic helix (aa 144–180) anchors the PKA holoenzyme; disrupting this helix leaves spoke assembly grossly intact but produces unregulated axonemal PKA activity and paralyzed/twitching flagella that are rescued by PKA inhibitors, establishing that RSPH3-anchored PKA tunes motility (PMID:11309423, PMID:16571668), with I1/f dynein acting genetically downstream of this PKA-anchoring function (PMID:41487906). Beyond PKA, RSP3 uses two distinct amphipathic helices to anchor the RIIa and Dpy-30 domains of non-PKA spoke proteins (PMID:23148234), and recruits LC8 dimers to its N-terminus to enhance axoneme docking (PMID:22753897). Human RSPH3 is the molecular adaptor for the spoke stalk: in primary ciliary dyskinesia patients its loss abolishes detectable radial spokes and produces central-complex defects, yet RS-neck (RSPH23) and RS-head (RSPH1, RSPH4A) proteins persist, showing RSPH3 is specifically required for stalk/base assembly rather than head attachment (PMID:26073779). In sperm flagella RSPH3 is a component of the RS1 stalk, interacting with IQUB, LRRC23, and additional spoke proteins to maintain spoke integrity and motility (PMID:36355624, PMID:39849482). Trafficking of RSPH3 into the axoneme proceeds via intraflagellar transport using the cargo adapter ARMC2/PF27, with RSP3 and the head protein RSP4 co-migrating on IFT trains before separating during spoke repair (PMID:30070024, PMID:34982025).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 9 steps
  1. 1993 High

    Establishing how the radial spoke attaches to the axoneme, RSP3 was shown to bind directly to spokeless axonemes through a discrete N-terminal domain, defining it as the structural anchor of the spoke.

    Evidence in vitro binding of synthesized RSP3 and deletion mutants to pf14 axonemes, with rescue by Chlamydomonas transformation

    PMID:8408197

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the microtubule docking interface at residue resolution
    • Did not establish the dimeric state of the docking domain
  2. 2001 High

    To explain how PKA signaling reaches axonemal dyneins, RSP3 was identified as an AKAP with a mapped RII-binding amphipathic helix positioned near inner arm dyneins.

    Evidence RII blot overlay on motility mutants, RSP3 truncations, and site-directed mutagenesis of the amphipathic helix

    PMID:11309423

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not show the functional consequence of anchored PKA on motility
    • Did not identify the dynein substrates regulated by anchored PKA
  3. 2006 High

    Disrupting the RII-binding domain revealed that RSP3-anchored PKA must be spatially restrained, since unregulated axonemal PKA activity paralyzes flagella independently of spoke assembly.

    Evidence transformation of pf14 with RII-domain mutant RSP3, demembranated cell reactivation with PKA inhibitors, motility analysis

    PMID:16571668

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the dynein targets of misregulated PKA
    • Did not map the cAMP source controlling axonemal PKA
  4. 2008 Medium

    Defining the stoichiometry of the spoke, RSP3 was shown to homodimerize via its N-terminal axoneme-binding domain, implying each spoke can anchor multiple PKA/AKAP-binding partners.

    Evidence chemical crosslinking, native gel electrophoresis, and truncation analysis of epitope-tagged RSP3

    PMID:18157907

    Open questions at the time
    • No independent replication of the dimerization model
    • No structural model of the dimer interface
  5. 2009 Medium

    Extending the regulatory logic to mammals, human RSPH3 was shown to be both an ERK1/2 substrate and an RIIalpha/RIIbeta-binding AKAP, linking MAPK signaling to PKA scaffolding.

    Evidence yeast two-hybrid screen for phospho-ERK2 binders, co-IP, in vitro ERK1/2 kinase assay, and RII overlay binding

    PMID:19684019

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphosites on RSPH3 not mapped
    • Functional consequence of ERK phosphorylation in cilia not tested in vivo
  6. 2012 Medium

    The scaffolding repertoire of RSP3 was broadened by showing it uses two distinct amphipathic helices to anchor RIIa and Dpy-30 domains of non-PKA spoke proteins, and recruits LC8 to strengthen axoneme docking.

    Evidence in vitro pull-downs with RSP3 truncations defining AH–RIIa/Dpy-30 interactions; co-sedimentation, mutagenesis, and motility phenotyping of LC8-binding mutants

    PMID:22753897 PMID:23148234

    Open questions at the time
    • Spatial arrangement of the multiple anchored partners within the spoke unresolved
    • Whether one AH binds both domains simultaneously in vivo not shown
  7. 2015 High

    Connecting RSPH3 to human disease, its loss in PCD patients was shown to abolish radial spokes while sparing neck and head proteins, defining RSPH3 as specifically required for stalk/base assembly.

    Evidence immunofluorescence of RS proteins in patient airway cells, ciliary EM, high-speed videomicroscopy, and mutation identification across families

    PMID:26073779

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of central-complex defect secondary to RS loss not defined
    • Order of stalk-protein assembly relative to RSPH3 not resolved
  8. 2022 Medium

    Resolving how RSP3 is delivered to the spoke, ARMC2/PF27 was identified as the IFT cargo adapter required for RSP3 transport, with RSP3 attaching to the axoneme upon tip unloading.

    Evidence live IFT imaging of tagged ARMC2 and RSP3, armc2/pf27 mutant analysis, and axoneme immunofluorescence (with co-migration imaging of RSP3 and RSP4 in companion work)

    PMID:30070024 PMID:34982025

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular contacts between ARMC2 and RSP3 not mapped
    • How RSP3 transfers from adapter to axoneme not defined
  9. 2025 Medium

    In sperm flagella, RSPH3 was defined as a core RS1 stalk component whose integrity depends on partners IQUB and LRRC23, linking RS1 assembly to male fertility.

    Evidence yeast two-hybrid, co-IP, proteomics, and IQUB KO/KI mouse models with EM; genetic epistasis placing I1 dynein downstream of RSP3 PKA-anchoring in Chlamydomonas

    PMID:36355624 PMID:37804054 PMID:39849482 PMID:41487906

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RS1-specific assembly logic generalizes to respiratory cilia not established
    • Structural basis of IQUB/calmodulin inhibition of the RSPH3/p-ERK complex not resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How RSPH3's reported nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and neuronal-migration functions relate to its axonemal scaffolding role remains unresolved.
  • Non-ciliary roles rest on overexpression/localization in single labs without mechanistic pathway placement [#13, #14]
  • No structural model of the full-length human RSPH3 scaffold
  • Substrate dyneins directly tuned by RSPH3-anchored PKA not identified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 2 GO:0005929 cilium 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction 2 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 2
Partners
ARMC2DYNLL1IQUBLRRC23MAPK1PRKAR2APRKAR2BRSP4
Complex memberships
PKA holoenzyme (AKAP scaffold)radial spokeradial spoke 1 (RS1) stalk

Evidence

Reading pass · 19 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 RSP3 (RSPH3 ortholog in Chlamydomonas) is an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) located in the radial spoke stalk; RII-binding domain mapped to amino acids 144-180, predicted to form an amphipathic helix; amino acid substitutions L to P or VL to AA in the central residues abolish RII binding. RSP3 is positioned near inner arm dyneins where anchored PKA can regulate dynein activity. RII blot overlay on motility mutants, truncated RSP3 expression, amphipathic helix prediction, site-directed mutagenesis The Journal of cell biology High 11309423
1993 RSP3 (RSPH3 ortholog in Chlamydomonas) binds directly to spokeless axonemes from pf14 cells but not to wild-type axonemes or purified microtubules; the axoneme-binding domain is located within amino acids 1-85 (minimal domain: aa 42-85); deletion of aa 1-85 abolishes axoneme binding; aa 18-87 are required for radial spoke assembly and flagellar motility. In vitro binding assay with synthesized RSP3 and pf14 axonemes, deletion mutants, fusion protein binding assays, Chlamydomonas transformation with mutagenized RSP3 genes The Journal of cell biology High 8408197
2006 Disruption of the PKA-binding (RII-binding) domain in Chlamydomonas RSP3 results in unregulated axonemal cAMP-dependent PKA activity; transformed pf14 cells with RII-domain mutant RSP3 display paralyzed or twitching flagella; PKA inhibitors rescue motility, confirming that misregulated PKA activity causes the motility defect. Radial spoke assembly is not grossly disrupted by the RII-domain mutation. Chlamydomonas transformation with PKA-binding domain mutant RSP3, reactivation assays of demembranated cells with and without PKA inhibitors, motility analysis Molecular biology of the cell High 16571668
2008 Chlamydomonas RSP3 forms a homodimer; the dimerization domain coincides with the N-terminal axoneme-binding domain. Each radial spoke is proposed to be built on an RSP3 dimer, allowing localization of multiple PKAs or AKAP-binding proteins per spoke. Chemical crosslinking, native gel electrophoresis, epitope-tagged RSP3 proteins, truncation analysis Cell motility and the cytoskeleton Medium 18157907
2009 Human RSPH3 interacts with ERK2 (identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins with higher affinity for phosphorylated/active ERK2); RSPH3 is a substrate for ERK1/2; RSPH3 is also an AKAP that scaffolds the PKA holoenzyme by binding regulatory subunits RIIα and RIIβ; ERK1/2 activity and phosphorylation regulate RSPH3 binding to RII subunits. Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay (ERK1/2 phosphorylation of RSPH3), RII overlay binding assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 19684019
2012 Chlamydomonas RSP3 forms a dimeric structural scaffold in the radial spoke complex, anchoring through two distinct amphipathic helices (AHs) the RIIa and Dpy-30 domains of four non-PKA spoke proteins involved in spoke assembly and modulation; one AH can bind both RIIa and Dpy-30 domains in vitro. In vitro pull-down assays, AH-RIIa/Dpy-30 domain interaction assays, structural/biochemical characterization of RSP3 truncations The Journal of cell biology Medium 23148234
2012 LC8 dimers bind in tandem to the N-terminal region of RSP3 in Chlamydomonas, enhance RSP3 binding to axonemes, and are required for efficient radial spoke docking; perturbation of RSP3's LC8-binding sites results in asynchronous flagella with hypophosphorylated RSP3 and defective RSP3-axoneme association; LC8 is absent from the 12S RS precursor but present in axoneme-bound spokes. Co-sedimentation, pull-down assays, phosphorylation analysis, flagellar motility phenotype in RSP3 LC8-binding site mutants, IFT imaging The Journal of cell biology Medium 22753897
2015 RSPH3 mutations in humans (PCD patients) cause near-complete absence of detectable radial spokes in respiratory cilia combined with central complex defects; RSPH3 protein localizes within respiratory epithelial cilia and is undetectable in airway cells from RSPH3-mutant individuals; despite absence of RSPH3, RS-neck protein RSPH23 and RS-head proteins RSPH1 and RSPH4A remain present in cilia, indicating RSPH3 is specifically required for RS stalk/base assembly but not RS head attachment. Immunofluorescence localization of RSPH3 and other RS proteins in patient airway cells, electron microscopy of cilia ultrastructure, high-speed videomicroscopy, genetic mutation identification American journal of human genetics High 26073779
2004 In Ciona intestinalis, RSP3 co-purifies with Hsp40 and a spoke-head protein homolog (RSP4/6 homolog) as a complex extracted from axonemes; immunoelectron microscopy localizes Hsp40 to the distal portion of the spoke stalk at the junction between spoke head and stalk; a spoke-head protein LRR37 is absent from this complex, indicating the complex constitutes the spoke stalk. KCl/KI extraction of axonemes, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, peptide mass fingerprinting (MALDI-TOF MS), immunoelectron microscopy Molecular biology of the cell Medium 15563603
2018 In vivo IFT imaging in Chlamydomonas shows RSP3 (stalk protein) and RSP4 (head protein) mostly co-migrate on IFT trains; IFT of RSP4 depends on RSP3; during repair of spoke-head-deficient axonemes, RSP4 is added onto pre-existing RSP3-containing stalks with little exchange of RSP3, indicating RSP3 and RSP4 are transported together but separate during spoke repair. In vivo fluorescence imaging of FP-tagged RSP3 and RSP4, IFT co-migration analysis, axoneme repair assays by mating flagella mutants Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) Medium 30070024
2019 In Drosophila, dRSPH3 interacts with RSBP15 through RSBP15's DD_R_PKA superfamily domain; RSBP15 co-localizes with dRSPH3 in sperm flagella; loss of RSBP15 causes loss of dRSPH3 (and dRSPH1, dRSPH4a, dRSPH9) from sperm, disrupts the 9+2 axoneme structure, and causes male sterility, indicating RSBP15 stabilizes dRSPH3 to maintain radial spoke complex integrity. Co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization by immunofluorescence, RSBP15 knockout in Drosophila, electron microscopy of axoneme ultrastructure Journal of genetics and genomics Medium 31281031
2019 Drosophila Combover (Cmb) binds to the axonemal component Radial spoke protein 3 (dRsp3); knockdown of dRsp3 causes similar sperm individualization defects as cmb mutants (failure of actin cone synchronous movement along flagella), suggesting Cmb coordinates the individualization machinery with the axoneme via RSP3. Co-immunoprecipitation (Cmb binds RSP3), RNAi knockdown of dRsp3 with individualization phenotype assay Development (Cambridge, England) Medium 31391193
2022 ARMC2/PF27 is a cargo adapter required for IFT of radial spokes in Chlamydomonas; tagged ARMC2 and RSP3 co-migrate on anterograde IFT trains; in armc2/pf27 mutants, IFT of RSP3 (and radial spokes) is abolished and spokes are limited to the proximal flagellar region; after tip unloading, RSP3 attaches to the axoneme while ARMC2 diffuses back. Live fluorescence IFT imaging of tagged ARMC2 and RSP3, armc2/pf27 mutant analysis, axoneme immunofluorescence eLife Medium 34982025
2014 Mouse RSP3 (RSPH3) accumulates at the perinuclear region of CHO and 293T cells; it is not co-localized with ER or Golgi markers; in vivo it localizes to the proximal cytoplasmic dilation of the leading process of migrating cortical neurons; it concentrates in ependymal cilia as a ciliary component; overexpression by in utero electroporation increases the percentage of neurons reaching the upper cortical plate. Immunofluorescence/organelle marker co-localization, in utero electroporation overexpression, in vivo neuron migration analysis Journal of molecular histology Low 25079589
2015 Mouse RSP3 (RSPH3) is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein; two nuclear localization signals and one nuclear export signal were identified in RSP3 by deletion mutant analysis; full-length RSP3-EGFP is mainly cytoplasmic in CHO cells; RSP3 localizes to primary cilia of radial glial cells; overexpression in the developing cerebral cortex by in utero electroporation promotes neurogenesis and thickens layer II/III of neocortex. Deletion mutant analysis of NLS/NES, fluorescent fusion protein localization, in utero electroporation overexpression, cortical layer analysis Histochemistry and cell biology Low 26082196
2023 IQUB interacts with RSPH3 (and CEP295NL, GSTM1, ODF1) in the yeast two-hybrid system; in Iqub KO and knockin mice, sperm display radial spoke defects; functional assays suggest IQUB recruits calmodulin to inhibit the activity of an RSPH3/p-ERK1/2 complex (described as a non-typical AKAP), thereby facilitating normal radial spoke assembly. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed IQUB-RSPH3 interaction in vivo. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, KO and KI mouse models, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, western blot Human reproduction (Oxford, England) Medium 36355624
2023 LRRC23 interacts with RSPH3 in vitro (demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation), indicating LRRC23 is associated with the radial spoke complex in humans; LRRC23 loss-of-function disrupts radial spoke integrity. Co-immunoprecipitation (in vitro interaction), patient mutation analysis, immunofluorescence Clinical genetics Low 37804054
2025 In Chlamydomonas, the ida1 mutation (defective I1/f dynein heavy chain, abolishing I1 dynein assembly) is epistatic to the RSP3 RII-binding domain mutation (388); the 388;ida1 double mutant displays an ida1-like motility phenotype rather than a 388-like phenotype, placing I1 dynein downstream of RSP3's PKA-anchoring function in the signaling pathway regulating ciliary motility. Genetic epistasis analysis, double mutant construction and motility phenotype characterization in Chlamydomonas microPublication biology Medium 41487906
2025 RSPH3 is identified as a component of radial spoke 1 (RS1) stalk in human and mouse sperm; in IQUB-deficient sperm, RS1 (but not RS2 or RS3) is absent, and RSPH3 along with RSPH6A, RSPH9, DYDC1, NME5, DNAJB13, PPIL6, AK8, ROPN1L, RSPH14, DYNLL1, and IQUB constitute RS1 components. Protein mass spectrometry, western blotting, IQUB knockout mice, electron microscopy Cell communication and signaling : CCS Medium 39849482

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 54 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 Hrr25-dependent phosphorylation state regulates organization of the pre-40S subunit. Nature 185 16738661
2006 Flagellar motility contributes to cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei and is modulated by an evolutionarily conserved dynein regulatory system. Eukaryotic cell 138 16607017
2018 The Ustilago maydis repetitive effector Rsp3 blocks the antifungal activity of mannose-binding maize proteins. Nature communications 98 29703884
2001 Flagellar radial spoke protein 3 is an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). The Journal of cell biology 93 11309423
1993 Assembly of flagellar radial spoke proteins in Chlamydomonas: identification of the axoneme binding domain of radial spoke protein 3. The Journal of cell biology 76 8408197
2015 RSPH3 Mutations Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Central-Complex Defects and a Near Absence of Radial Spokes. American journal of human genetics 72 26073779
1992 Sequence analysis reveals homology between two proteins of the flagellar radial spoke. Molecular and cellular biology 55 1508197
2016 Copper complexes based on chiral Schiff-base ligands: DNA/BSA binding ability, DNA cleavage activity, cytotoxicity and mechanism of apoptosis. European journal of medicinal chemistry 54 26994692
2021 Genetic Defects in DNAH2 Underlie Male Infertility With Multiple Morphological Abnormalities of the Sperm Flagella in Humans and Mice. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 51 33968937
2004 Molecular characterization of radial spoke subcomplex containing radial spoke protein 3 and heat shock protein 40 in sperm flagella of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Molecular biology of the cell 50 15563603
2014 Genome-wide interaction study of smoking and bladder cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 44 24662972
2006 Disruption of the A-kinase anchoring domain in flagellar radial spoke protein 3 results in unregulated axonemal cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity and abnormal flagellar motility. Molecular biology of the cell 38 16571668
2020 Patients with severe asthenoteratospermia carrying SPAG6 or RSPH3 mutations have a positive pregnancy outcome following intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 34 32124190
2008 Building a radial spoke: flagellar radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3) is a dimer. Cell motility and the cytoskeleton 34 18157907
2012 The versatile molecular complex component LC8 promotes several distinct steps of flagellar assembly. The Journal of cell biology 32 22753897
2009 Preparation and antioxidative properties of a rapeseed ( Brassica napus ) protein hydrolysate and three peptide fractions. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 31 19432452
2012 A flagellar A-kinase anchoring protein with two amphipathic helices forms a structural scaffold in the radial spoke complex. The Journal of cell biology 29 23148234
2009 Radial spoke protein 3 is a mammalian protein kinase A-anchoring protein that binds ERK1/2. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 19684019
2022 Chlamydomonas ARMC2/PF27 is an obligate cargo adapter for intraflagellar transport of radial spokes. eLife 25 34982025
2005 The flagellar motility of Chlamydomonas pf25 mutant lacking an AKAP-binding protein is overtly sensitive to medium conditions. Molecular biology of the cell 25 16267272
2019 Dynamic Chirality in the Mechanism of Action of Allosteric CD36 Modulators of Macrophage-Driven Inflammation. Journal of medicinal chemistry 24 31774287
2008 Mass spectrometric proteome analysis suggests anaerobic shift in metabolism of Dauer larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochimica et biophysica acta 22 18620082
1997 A promoter trap for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: development of a gene cloning method using 5' RACE-based probes. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 20 9225472
2019 Combover interacts with the axonemal component Rsp3 and is required for Drosophila sperm individualization. Development (Cambridge, England) 16 31391193
2018 Radial spoke proteins regulate otolith formation during early zebrafish development. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 16 29475374
2018 In vivo analyses of radial spoke transport, assembly, repair and maintenance. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) 16 30070024
2006 Molecular mapping and marker-assisted selection of genes for septoria speckled leaf blotch resistance in barley. Phytopathology 14 18944055
2016 Myc-binding protein orthologue interacts with AKAP240 in the central pair apparatus of the Chlamydomonas flagella. BMC cell biology 13 27287193
2023 Transcriptomic signatures for human male infertility. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 11 37670815
2019 RSBP15 interacts with and stabilizes dRSPH3 during sperm axoneme assembly in Drosophila. Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao 11 31281031
2018 SseL Deubiquitinates RPS3 to Inhibit Its Nuclear Translocation. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 10 30405005
2017 Flagellar incorporation of proteins follows at least two different routes in trypanosomes. Biology of the cell 10 29148062
1976 Selection of extranuclear mutants of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 10 131734
2021 Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight. Genes 9 34573389
2011 Nickel and low CO₂-controlled motility in Chlamydomonas through complementation of a paralyzed flagella mutant with chemically regulated promoters. BMC plant biology 9 21266063
2007 Molecular mapping of rsp1, rsp2, and rsp3 genes conferring resistance to septoria speckled leaf blotch in barley. Phytopathology 9 18944370
2004 Genomic organisation and nervous system expression of radial spoke protein 3. Gene 9 15225872
2023 IQUB deficiency causes male infertility by affecting the activity of p-ERK1/2/RSPH3. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 8 36355624
2009 Male germ cell-specific protein Trs4 binds to multiple proteins. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 7 19706271
2025 IQUB mutation induces radial spoke 1 deficiency causing asthenozoospermia with normal sperm morphology in humans and mice. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 6 39849482
2023 LRRC23 deficiency causes male infertility with idiopathic asthenozoospermia by disrupting the assembly of radial spokes. Clinical genetics 6 37804054
2015 The mouse radial spoke protein 3 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that promotes neurogenesis. Histochemistry and cell biology 6 26082196
2014 Subcellular localization and function of mouse radial spoke protein 3 in mammalian cells and central nervous system. Journal of molecular histology 6 25079589
2022 Burden of rare coding variants reveals genetic heterogeneity between obese and non-obese asthma patients in the African American population. Respiratory research 5 35524249
2012 Novel septoria speckled leaf blotch resistance loci in a barley doubled-haploid population. Phytopathology 4 22439859
2007 Sequence tagged site markers to rsp1, rsp2, and rsp3 genes for resistance to septoria speckled leaf blotch in barley. Phytopathology 4 18944371
2025 Heterogeneity of radial spoke components in Tetrahymena cilia. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2 40886204
2015 Genetic diversity of the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum using a RAPD marker. Comptes rendus biologies 2 26302834
2015 First Report of Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Brassica oleracea in Portugal. Plant disease 2 30699590
1976 RS virus components. I. Isolation and purification. Acta microbiologica Polonica 2 59527
2025 Identified Candidate Genes of Semen Trait in Three Pig Breeds Through Weighted GWAS and Multi-Tissue Transcriptome Analysis. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 1 39943208
2012 Xenopus radial spoke protein 3 gene is expressed in the multiciliated cells of epidermis and otic vesicles and sequentially in the nephrostomes. Development genes and evolution 1 23247584
2025 Multifaceted Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia-A Case Report. Reports (MDPI) 0 40729233
2025 Defective I1 dynein in Chlamydomonas axonemes is epistatic to the RII-binding domain function of radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3) in the regulation of ciliary motility. microPublication biology 0 41487906

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