Affinage

RND1

Rho-related GTP-binding protein Rho6 · UniProt Q92730

Length
232 aa
Mass
26.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
44 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/8 claims corpus-supported (88%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RND1 is a constitutively GTP-bound, GTPase-deficient Rho-family protein that remodels the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion primarily by antagonizing RhoA signaling (PMID:9531558). Because it has very low GDP affinity, undergoes rapid spontaneous nucleotide exchange, and lacks intrinsic GTPase activity, RND1 functions in a constitutively active state, and its expression collapses actin stress fibers, membrane ruffles, and integrin-based focal adhesions, driving cell rounding and loss of substrate adhesion (PMID:9531558). A core mechanism of RhoA inhibition is RND1's N-terminal KERRA lipid-raft-targeting sequence, which recruits and activates p190 RhoGAP at rafts—an activity that distinguishes RND1 from Rnd2, which binds p190 RhoGAP but cannot activate it (PMID:22357615). RND1 is also a direct activator of plexin signaling: it binds the cytoplasmic Rho-GTPase-binding domain (RBD) of plexin-A1 and plexin-B1, and crystallographic and NMR analyses localize this contact to the RBD β3–β4 region rather than a CRIB-like motif, with binding modulating RBD dimerization (PMID:11784792, PMID:12730235, PMID:17916560, PMID:21610070). Through plexin-B1, RND1 promotes recruitment of PDZ-RhoGEF and potentiates Semaphorin-4D-induced RhoA/ROCK activation and cell contraction (PMID:12730235), while concurrently activating the plexin-B1 GAP domain to inhibit Rap1, derepress p120 Ras-GAP, and suppress Ras–MAPK signaling and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (PMID:25531777). RND1 couples FGF receptor activation to RhoA inhibition through phosphorylation-dependent release from the FRS2 docking proteins, supporting neurite outgrowth (PMID:15738000), and is required for activity- and BDNF-dependent dendritic development and dendritic spine formation via the RhoA/ROCK axis (PMID:14657163, PMID:16530331). Acting as a tumor and signaling suppressor, RND1 inhibits Raf/MEK/ERK and AKT/GSK3β signaling in carcinoma cells and stabilizes p53 to engage ferroptosis (PMID:35505371, PMID:29706627, PMID:38444223), and it operates within additional contexts including innate immune defense, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and Notch-controlled angiogenesis through partners such as Plexin-B1, Myozap, and others (PMID:35102202, PMID:35654795, PMID:30797814). RND1 additionally engages adaptor and accessory partners including Grb7, STI1, and Unc5B/FLRT3 that tune its cytoskeletal and adhesion outputs (PMID:10664463, PMID:24690281, PMID:19492039).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Established RND1's biochemical identity and core cellular activity, answering whether it behaves like a classical switchable GTPase or a constitutively active one.

    Evidence GTPase and nucleotide-binding assays plus fibroblast overexpression with cytoskeletal/adhesion readouts; junctional localization by fractionation and immunostaining

    PMID:9531558

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the effectors mediating stress-fiber disassembly
    • Functional consequence of adherens junction localization not resolved
  2. 1999 Medium

    Showed that RND1 antagonizes a RhoA-dependent process in native tissue, linking it to physiological smooth muscle contractility.

    Evidence Recombinant prenylated Rnd1 applied to permeabilized smooth muscle strips with force measurements and pharmacological controls

    PMID:10200428

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular intermediary between Rnd1 and RhoA not defined here
    • Single tissue system
  3. 2000 Medium

    Connected RND1 cytoskeletal remodeling to neuronal morphogenesis and placed it within a Rac-dependent process-formation pathway, and identified Grb7 as a physical partner.

    Evidence PC12 process formation with dominant-negative Rac1 epistasis; yeast two-hybrid, in vitro and cellular pulldowns mapping Rnd1 switch II to the Grb7 SH2 domain

    PMID:10664463 PMID:11095956

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of the Grb7 interaction not established
    • Epistasis based on dominant-negative constructs only
  4. 2002 High

    Defined RND1 as a direct activator of plexin signaling, answering how a semaphorin receptor is switched on intracellularly.

    Evidence Co-IP/pulldown with plexin-A1, growth cone collapse assays, and competition by RhoD

    PMID:11784792

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of binding not yet resolved
    • How RhoD competes mechanistically unclear at this stage
  5. 2003 High

    Resolved the downstream output of RND1–plexin-B1 coupling and extended RND1's neuronal role to dendritic spine formation.

    Evidence Co-IP, dominant-negative RhoA/PDZ-RhoGEF and ROCK inhibitor, RhoA activity assays in COS-7; gain/loss-of-function morphometry in hippocampal neurons

    PMID:12730235 PMID:14657163

    Open questions at the time
    • How RND1 simultaneously inhibits RhoA elsewhere yet potentiates plexin-B1 RhoA activation not reconciled
    • Spine phenotype from a single lab
  6. 2005 High

    Identified a phosphorylation-gated mechanism coupling FGF receptor activation to RhoA inhibition via RND1 release from FRS2.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, in vitro pulldown, siRNA knockdown with neurite outgrowth phenotype, and RhoA activity assays in PC12 cells

    PMID:15738000

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative dynamics of release not measured
    • Generality beyond FGFR1/PC12 untested
  7. 2006 Medium

    Demonstrated an endogenous requirement for RND1 in activity- and BDNF-dependent dendritogenesis, placing it upstream of RhoA/ROCK in vivo-relevant signaling.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown with ROCK-inhibitor rescue and morphometric dendritic analysis in hippocampal neurons

    PMID:16530331

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream activator linking activity to Rnd1 not identified
    • Single lab
  8. 2007 High

    Provided the structural mechanism of GTPase–plexin recognition, showing multiple Rho GTPases share a non-CRIB binding surface and modulate RBD dimerization.

    Evidence Solution NMR and 2.0 Å X-ray crystallography of the plexin-B1 RBD with binding-interface mapping

    PMID:17916560

    Open questions at the time
    • How dimer destabilization translates to receptor activation in cells not directly shown
    • Did not include all plexin subfamilies
  9. 2011 High

    Explained plexin subtype selectivity for RND1, identifying the structural determinants that permit or exclude binding.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of plexin-A2/Rnd1 and plexin-C1/-D1 RBDs, ITC, and gain-of-affinity mutagenesis

    PMID:21610070

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of engineered binding not tested in signaling
    • In vivo relevance of selectivity not addressed
  10. 2012 High

    Pinpointed how RND1 achieves RhoA inhibition, distinguishing binding from activation of p190 RhoGAP through lipid-raft targeting.

    Evidence Lipid raft fractionation, p190 RhoGAP activity assays, N-terminal deletion/swap mutants, and in vitro vs in vivo binding comparison across Rnd family

    PMID:22357615

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether raft targeting is regulated dynamically unknown
    • Other raft cofactors not identified
  11. 2009 Medium

    Linked RND1 to developmental cell deadhesion via a receptor partner, broadening its adhesion-regulatory role.

    Evidence Co-IP with Unc5B, morpholino knockdown, and cell adhesion assays in Xenopus embryos

    PMID:19492039

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling downstream of the Rnd1–Unc5B/FLRT3 complex not dissected
    • Single model organism
  12. 2014 High

    Established RND1 as a tumor suppressor that gates Ras–MAPK output through the plexin-B1 GAP/Rap1/p120 Ras-GAP axis, and identified STI1 as a specific modulator.

    Evidence Rnd1 depletion with Ras/Rap1 activity assays, pathway epistasis, and mammary tumor models; Co-IP with STI1 and collapse/neurite assays

    PMID:24690281 PMID:25531777

    Open questions at the time
    • How STI1 mechanistically prevents Rnd1-plexin-A1 retraction unclear
    • Tissue specificity of the Ras-suppression circuit not mapped
  13. 2018 Medium

    Expanded RND1 into cancer-relevant survival, metastasis, and ferroptosis regulation and identified transcriptional control by genotoxic stress.

    Evidence Co-IP/ubiquitination assays with p53 and SLC7A11 reporters and xenografts; ERK/RhoA assays and metastasis models in HCC; TOP1cc/PARP-1-dependent RND1 induction with apoptosis assays

    PMID:29706627 PMID:30209297 PMID:35505371

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of p53 de-ubiquitination by RND1 not defined
    • Single-lab findings per context
  14. 2019 Medium

    Identified Myozap as a cardiac partner coupling RND1 to RhoA–SRF signaling in mechanically stressed cardiomyocytes.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid and Co-IP, SRF reporter, and cell size/proliferation readouts in NRVCMs under stretch

    PMID:30797814

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo cardiac relevance not established
    • Single lab
  15. 2021 Low

    Offered a computational model for how RND1 versus RhoD differentially affect plexin dimerization through membrane interaction.

    Evidence Molecular dynamics simulations of GTPase–plexin–membrane systems

    PMID:34114565

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct experimental validation of predicted membrane interactions or dimer effects
    • Computational only
  16. 2022 Medium

    Placed RND1 within Notch-controlled angiogenesis and innate immune defense, broadening its physiological signaling outputs.

    Evidence RNA-seq/chromatin studies with knockdown angiogenesis and Ras assays; calcium flux, viral infection, and cytokine assays via Plexin-B1

    PMID:35102202 PMID:35654795

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct chromatin occupancy details limited
    • Immune mechanisms tested in single system
  17. 2024 Medium

    Connected RND1 to chemosensitivity by suppressing EMT through AKT/GSK3β inhibition in glioblastoma.

    Evidence Gain/loss-of-function with p-AKT/p-GSK3β blots, migration assays, and TMZ xenografts

    PMID:38444223

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct link between RND1 and AKT pathway components unclear
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how RND1's opposing roles—global RhoA inhibition via p190 RhoGAP versus localized potentiation of plexin-B1-mediated RhoA activation—are spatially and contextually coordinated within a single cell.
  • No unified model of when RND1 inhibits versus activates RhoA
  • Regulation of RND1 protein level/localization beyond transcriptional induction undefined
  • Endogenous in vivo loss-of-function phenotypes largely uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
ARHGAP35FRS2GRB7MYOZAPPLXNA1PLXNB1STI1TP53

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 Rnd1 is constitutively GTP-bound due to low GDP affinity and rapid spontaneous nucleotide exchange, and lacks intrinsic GTPase activity. Expression of Rnd1 in fibroblasts inhibits actin stress fibers, membrane ruffles, and integrin-based focal adhesions, inducing cell rounding and loss of cell-substrate adhesion. GTPase activity assays, nucleotide binding assays, overexpression in fibroblasts with cytoskeletal and adhesion readouts The Journal of cell biology High 9531558
1998 Rnd1 is concentrated at adherens junctions in confluent fibroblasts and epithelial cells, as determined by subcellular localization experiments. Subcellular fractionation and immunostaining The Journal of cell biology Medium 9531558
2002 Rnd1 directly binds the cytoplasmic domain of Plexin-A1, and constitutively active Rnd1 is sufficient to trigger Plexin-A1 signaling and cytoskeletal collapse even in the absence of Semaphorin 3A. RhoD antagonizes this effect by blocking Plexin-A1 activation by Rnd1. Co-immunoprecipitation, pulldown, overexpression/dominant-negative experiments, growth cone collapse assay The Journal of neuroscience High 11784792
2003 Rnd1 directly interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of Plexin-B1, promotes the interaction between Plexin-B1 and PDZ-RhoGEF, and dramatically potentiates Plexin-B1-mediated RhoA activation in response to Semaphorin 4D, leading to cell contraction via the PDZ-RhoGEF/RhoA/ROCK pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation, pulldown, dominant-negative RhoA and PDZ-RhoGEF constructs, ROCK inhibitor treatment, RhoA activity assay in COS-7 cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 12730235
2003 Rnd1 promotes dendritic spine elongation in hippocampal neurons. Antisense-mediated knockdown of endogenous Rnd1 reduces spine number and width and increases headless protrusions, demonstrating a role in spine formation during the synaptogenic stage. Overexpression in cultured hippocampal neurons, antisense oligonucleotide knockdown, immunoblot of synaptosomal fractions, morphometric analysis The Journal of neuroscience Medium 14657163
1999 Recombinant prenylated Rnd1 dose-dependently inhibits carbachol- and GTPγS-induced Ca2+ sensitization in permeabilized smooth muscle by interfering with a RhoA-dependent mechanism, without affecting Ca2+-tension relationships or calyculin A-induced tension. Permeabilized smooth muscle strip force measurements, recombinant protein application, dose-response analysis The Journal of physiology Medium 10200428
2000 Rnd1 expression in PC12 cells induces formation of neuritic processes by disrupting cortical actin filaments; this process formation is inhibited by dominant-negative Rac1, placing Rnd1 upstream of Rac in this neuritic outgrowth pathway. Overexpression in PC12 cells, cytochalasin D comparison, dominant-negative Rac1 epistasis, cytoskeletal staining Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 11095956
2000 Rnd1 interacts with the adapter protein Grb7 via the Rnd1 switch II loop and the Grb7 SH2 domain, as demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pulldown, and pulldown from SK-BR3 breast cancer cells. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pulldown, cell lysate pulldown FEBS letters Medium 10664463
2005 Rnd1 directly associates with FRS2α and FRS2β (docking proteins of FGF receptors). FRS2β binding suppresses the inhibitory effect of Rnd1 on RhoA. Upon FGF receptor 1 activation, FRS2β is phosphorylated, recruits Shp2, and releases Rnd1, which then inhibits RhoA activity. Rnd1 knockdown suppresses FGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro pulldown, siRNA knockdown, RhoA activity assay, dominant-negative and constitutively active constructs The Journal of biological chemistry High 15738000
2006 Rnd1 is required for neuronal activity-dependent dendritic development in hippocampal neurons. RNAi knockdown inhibits neuronal activity-dependent dendritic growth and BDNF-promoted dendritogenesis, and this inhibition is rescued by blocking the RhoA effector ROCK, placing Rnd1 upstream of RhoA/ROCK in dendritic development. RNAi knockdown, ROCK inhibitor rescue, BDNF treatment, morphometric dendritic analysis in hippocampal neurons Neuroscience letters Medium 16530331
2007 Rnd1, Rac1, and RhoD all bind the same region (β-strands 3 and 4 and a short α-helix) of the plexin-B1 Rho GTPase binding domain (RBD), not the CRIB-like motif. GTPase binding destabilizes the homodimer of the plexin-B1 RBD, suggesting a regulatory model involving dimerization-dependent signaling. Solution NMR spectroscopy, 2.0 Å X-ray crystallography, binding interface mapping The Journal of biological chemistry High 17916560
2009 Rnd1 physically and functionally interacts with Unc5B and mediates FLRT3-induced cell deadhesion in Xenopus embryos. Rnd1 and FLRT3 form a complex that modulates cell adhesion during early development. Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression, morpholino knockdown in Xenopus embryos, cell adhesion assays PloS one Medium 19492039
2011 Crystal structures of the plexin-A2 RBD in complex with Rnd1 and of plexin-C1 and -D1 RBDs alone reveal that in plexin-A2 and -B1, the RBD β3-β4 loop adjusts conformation to accommodate Rnd1 binding, whereas plexin-C1 and -D1 lack key nonpolar residues and do not significantly interact with Rnd1. Introduction of nonpolar residues in plexin-C1/-D1 generates Rnd1 affinity. X-ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry, site-directed mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry High 21610070
2012 Rnd1 and Rnd3, but not Rnd2, contain a KERRA sequence in their N-terminus that functions as a lipid raft-targeting determinant. This sequence mediates the targeting of p190 RhoGAP to lipid rafts, which is required for p190 RhoGAP activation and downstream RhoA inhibition. Rnd2 lacks this sequence and fails to activate p190 RhoGAP in cells despite equal direct binding to p190 RhoGAP in vitro. Lipid raft fractionation, p190 RhoGAP activity assay, N-terminal deletion/swap mutants, direct binding assays Molecular biology of the cell High 22357615
2014 Rnd1 suppresses Ras signaling by activating the GAP domain of Plexin-B1, which inhibits Rap1. Rap1 inhibition derepresses p120 Ras-GAP, which then inhibits Ras-MAPK signaling. Rnd1 depletion induces EMT and cooperates with c-Myc deregulation or p53 loss for neoplastic conversion in mammary epithelial cells. Rnd1 depletion (siRNA/shRNA), Ras and Rap1 activity assays, epistasis with dominant-negative/constitutively active Ras pathway components, mouse mammary tumor models Nature cell biology High 25531777
2014 Cytoplasmic STI1 (stress-inducible protein 1) directly interacts with Rnd1 specifically (not Rnd2 or Rnd3). STI1 overexpression prevents Rnd1-Plexin-A1-mediated cytoskeletal retraction in the COS collapse assay and enhances neurite outgrowth downstream of Rnd1 in PC-12 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, COS collapse assay, PC-12 neurite outgrowth assay, overexpression Experimental cell research Medium 24690281
2018 RND1 interacts with p53 by co-immunoprecipitation and leads to de-ubiquitination of p53 protein, promoting p53 stability and activating the p53-SLC7A11 signaling axis to induce lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in glioblastoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, western blot, luciferase reporter, in vivo xenograft Cell & bioscience Medium 35505371
2018 RND1 overexpression inhibits the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade and reduces RhoA activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, suppressing EMT-mediated metastasis. Overexpression and knockdown, ERK/RhoA activity assays, in vitro migration/invasion assays, in vivo mouse metastasis model Cell death & disease Medium 29706627
2018 RND1 transcription is rapidly induced by topoisomerase I cleavage complexes (TOP1cc) in a PARP-1-dependent manner. PARP-1 inhibition reduces RND1 transcription; RND1 overexpression increases PARP-1 levels, indicating a cross-talk. RND1 protects cells from camptothecin-induced apoptosis. RT-PCR, mRNA stability assay, PARP-1 inhibitor treatment, camptothecin and UV/H2O2 treatment, overexpression/apoptosis assays Cell death & disease Medium 30209297
2019 Rnd1 interacts with Myozap (an intercalated disc protein), identified by yeast two-hybrid and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. This interaction is functionally important: Rnd1 overexpression activates SRF-dependent signaling via the RhoA-Myozap network, promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and increases cardiomyocyte proliferation markers in response to mechanical stretch. Yeast two-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression in NRVCMs, SRF reporter assay, cell size and proliferation readouts Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology Medium 30797814
2021 Molecular dynamics simulations show RND1 reinforces the plexin dimerization interface whereas RhoD destabilizes it, due to differential interaction with the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. RND1 and RhoD interact differently with the membrane via allosteric networks involving the RBD, RBD linkers, and a buttress segment. RhoD's short C-terminal tail and positively charged membrane interface distinguish it from RND1. Molecular dynamics simulations (structural/computational) eLife Low 34114565
2022 RND1 is a direct Notch transcriptional target in endothelial cells, required for Notch-mediated suppression of endothelial migration and sprouting angiogenesis, and for Notch control of Ras activity in endothelial cells. Transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq), chromatin studies, RND1 knockdown with migration and angiogenesis assays, Ras activity assay Scientific reports Medium 35102202
2022 Rnd1 counteracts intracellular calcium fluctuations by inhibiting RhoA activation, thereby inhibiting virus internalization in innate immune defense. Rnd1 also facilitates production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α through Plexin-B1 to combat intracellular bacterial infections. Overexpression and knockdown of Rnd1, calcium flux assays, viral infection assays, cytokine measurement (ELISA), Plexin-B1 interaction Cell death & disease Medium 35654795
2024 RND1 overexpression suppresses EMT in glioblastoma by inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3-β, and enhances temozolomide sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression and knockdown in GBM cell lines, western blot for p-AKT/p-GSK3-β, transwell and wound-healing assays, in vivo xenograft with TMZ treatment Cancer biology & therapy Medium 38444223
2010 RhoS/RSA-14-44, a testis-specific Rho GTPase renamed RhoS (also known as RHOS, an alias for RND1 according to HGNC), associates with PSMB5 (a catalytic proteasome subunit) in stage-specific spermatogenic cells and regulates the stability of unincorporated PSMB5 precursors in a GTPase activation-dependent manner, linking Rho GTPase signaling to proteasome biogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression of activated/dominant-negative forms, proteasome activity assays, expression analysis in spermatogenic cells Molecular biology of the cell Low 20980621

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 44 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 A new member of the Rho family, Rnd1, promotes disassembly of actin filament structures and loss of cell adhesion. The Journal of cell biology 298 9531558
2002 Antagonistic effects of Rnd1 and RhoD GTPases regulate receptor activity in Semaphorin 3A-induced cytoskeletal collapse. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 139 11784792
1995 The Rho's progress: a potential role during neuritogenesis for the Rho family of GTPases. Trends in neurosciences 122 8592759
2007 Binding of Rac1, Rnd1, and RhoD to a novel Rho GTPase interaction motif destabilizes dimerization of the plexin-B1 effector domain. The Journal of biological chemistry 113 17916560
2003 Direct interaction of Rnd1 with Plexin-B1 regulates PDZ-RhoGEF-mediated Rho activation by Plexin-B1 and induces cell contraction in COS-7 cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 106 12730235
2014 The Rho GTPase Rnd1 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis and EMT by restraining Ras-MAPK signalling. Nature cell biology 99 25531777
2000 Plant GTPases: the Rhos in bloom. Trends in cell biology 69 10740268
2003 A role of Rnd1 GTPase in dendritic spine formation in hippocampal neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 66 14657163
1999 The Rho-related protein Rnd1 inhibits Ca2+ sensitization of rat smooth muscle. The Journal of physiology 59 10200428
2005 Direct interaction of Rnd1 with FRS2 beta regulates Rnd1-induced down-regulation of RhoA activity and is involved in fibroblast growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 15738000
2009 Unc5B interacts with FLRT3 and Rnd1 to modulate cell adhesion in Xenopus embryos. PloS one 47 19492039
2011 Structural basis of Rnd1 binding to plexin Rho GTPase binding domains (RBDs). The Journal of biological chemistry 35 21610070
2000 Rnd1, a novel rho family GTPase, induces the formation of neuritic processes in PC12 cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 35 11095956
2012 Rnd1 and Rnd3 targeting to lipid raft is required for p190 RhoGAP activation. Molecular biology of the cell 34 22357615
2009 Thermodynamic characterization of two homologous protein complexes: associations of the semaphorin receptor plexin-B1 RhoGTPase binding domain with Rnd1 and active Rac1. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 29 19388051
2022 Rho family GTPase 1 (RND1), a novel regulator of p53, enhances ferroptosis in glioblastoma. Cell & bioscience 26 35505371
2022 Endothelial Notch signaling directly regulates the small GTPase RND1 to facilitate Notch suppression of endothelial migration. Scientific reports 25 35102202
2014 Overexpression of Oct4 suppresses the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells via Rnd1 downregulation. Biochimica et biophysica acta 25 25068817
2000 Interaction of the Grb7 adapter protein with Rnd1, a new member of the Rho family. FEBS letters 24 10664463
2018 The Rho GTPase Rnd1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma and is a favorable anti-metastasis target. Cell death & disease 23 29706627
2017 Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Isoform Specific Contact Dynamics between the Plexin Rho GTPase Binding Domain (RBD) and Small Rho GTPases Rac1 and Rnd1. The journal of physical chemistry. B 22 28103666
2006 Small GTPase Rnd1 is involved in neuronal activity-dependent dendritic development in hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience letters 19 16530331
2018 Emerging roles of ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolases (ARHs) in tumorigenesis and cell death pathways. Biochemical pharmacology 18 30267646
2003 Up-regulation of Rnd1 during pregnancy serves as a negative-feedback control for Ca2+ sensitization of contractile elements in rat myometrium. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 18 14623277
2014 STI1 antagonizes cytoskeleton collapse mediated by small GTPase Rnd1 and regulates neurite growth. Experimental cell research 17 24690281
2019 The RND1 Small GTPase: Main Functions and Emerging Role in Oncogenesis. International journal of molecular sciences 16 31344837
2009 Xenopus Rnd1 and Rnd3 GTP-binding proteins are expressed under the control of segmentation clock and required for somite formation. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 16 19795516
2019 Rho-family GTPase 1 (Rnd1) is a biomechanical stress-sensitive activator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 15 30797814
2011 Rhos and Rho kinases in the rat prostate: their possible functional roles and distributions. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 14 21720764
2020 Full recombinant flagellin B from Vibrio anguillarum (rFLA) and its recombinant D1 domain (rND1) promote a pro-inflammatory state and improve vaccination against P. salmonis in Atlantic salmon (S. salar). Developmental and comparative immunology 11 33359361
2015 RND1 is up-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and promotes the growth and migration of cancer cells. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 10 26250459
2010 A novel testis-specific GTPase serves as a link to proteasome biogenesis: functional characterization of RhoS/RSA-14-44 in spermatogenesis. Molecular biology of the cell 10 20980621
2022 Essential role of Rnd1 in innate immunity during viral and bacterial infections. Cell death & disease 9 35654795
2018 PARP-1-dependent RND1 transcription induced by topoisomerase I cleavage complexes confers cellular resistance to camptothecin. Cell death & disease 9 30209297
2021 A putative structural mechanism underlying the antithetic effect of homologous RND1 and RhoD GTPases in mammalian plexin regulation. eLife 8 34114565
2024 RND1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma via AKT/GSK3-β pathway. Cancer biology & therapy 6 38444223
2006 Pathogens reWritE Rho's rules. Cell 6 16413475
2022 MiR-4652-5p Targets RND1 to Regulate Cell Adhesion and Promote Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 4 35334070
2012 Backbone assignment and secondary structure of Rnd1, an unusual Rho family small GTPase. Biomolecular NMR assignments 3 22618864
2011 Optimization and stabilization of Rho small GTPase proteins for solution NMR studies: The case of Rnd1. Small GTPases 3 22545226
2025 RND1 Induces Ferroptosis to Alleviate Inflammatory Response, Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Rheumatoid Synoviocytes. Journal of inflammation research 2 40008082
2024 FOXA2 Activates RND1 to Regulate Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Pathway and Suppress Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The clinical respiratory journal 1 39129202
2025 Transcriptomic analysis reveals Rnd1 to be a key player in antiviral immunity against Akabane virus via the TNF-α pathway. Archives of virology 0 41313489
2024 Corrigendum to "SEMA4D acts as a novel oligogenic pathogenic gene of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism through the PlexinB1/MET/RND1/RHOA/RAF1/MAPK signaling axis" [Genes & Diseases 10 (2023) 65-68]. Genes & diseases 0 38742143

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