Affinage

PXN

Paxillin · UniProt P49023

Round 2 corrected
Length
591 aa
Mass
64.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
64 papers in source corpus 23 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Paxillin (PXN) is a multidomain scaffold protein that nucleates focal adhesion signaling complexes, coupling integrin-mediated adhesion to cytoskeletal remodeling, mechanotransduction, and cell migration. Its LIM3 domain targets it to focal adhesions, while N-terminal LD motifs recruit FAK (residues 143–164 and 265–313), vinculin (residue E151 critical), and a PAK/PIX/p95PKL complex (via LD4) that activates Rac-dependent lamellipodia formation (PMID:8922390, PMID:10330411). PXN is phosphorylated by FAK/Src (Tyr31/Tyr118), JNK1 (Ser178), ERK (Ser106/231/290), and ULK1/2 (Ser32/S119), with each modification distinctly controlling focal adhesion assembly, phase separation, and turnover—ULK1/2 phosphorylation weakens homotypic PXN interactions and opposes FAK/Src-driven adhesion maturation, while JNK1-mediated Ser178 phosphorylation maintains labile adhesions required for rapid migration (PMID:37846507, PMID:12853963). PXN also functions beyond canonical adhesion signaling: it stabilizes YB-1 protein by blocking its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, participates in a STAT3–PXN–SRC positive feedback loop, and links CXCL5/AKT signaling to PD-L1 immune checkpoint expression in tumor cells (PMID:41872167, PMID:39034411).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Establishing that paxillin, like FAK, is a direct integrin cytoplasmic domain interactor resolved how adhesion receptors nucleate intracellular signaling scaffolds independently of each other.

    Evidence In vitro GST pull-down with beta1 integrin cytoplasmic peptides from chicken embryo cell lysates

    PMID:7657702

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding affinities and stoichiometry not determined
    • No in vivo validation of simultaneous FAK–PXN co-recruitment
  2. 1996 High

    Systematic domain mapping revealed that PXN's LIM3 domain drives focal adhesion targeting while separable N-terminal interfaces independently bind vinculin and FAK, establishing PXN as a modular scaffold with distinct partner-binding surfaces.

    Evidence Truncation/point mutagenesis with GFP-tagged constructs in CHO.K1 cells, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence

    PMID:8922390

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for LIM3-mediated targeting unresolved
    • Other LD motif functions not yet mapped
  3. 1999 High

    Discovery that the LD4 motif recruits a PAK/PIX/p95PKL complex to paxillin placed PXN upstream of Rac-mediated actin remodeling and explained how focal adhesions couple to lamellipodia and directional migration.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, microinjection of GST-LD4 into NIH3T3 cells, wound-healing assay

    PMID:10330411

    Open questions at the time
    • Regulation of LD4 accessibility by phosphorylation not addressed
    • In vivo relevance in animal models not tested
  4. 2000 High

    Two contemporaneous studies defined opposing regulators of the PXN–FAK signaling module: EphA2-recruited SHP2 rapidly dephosphorylates FAK and PXN to dismantle integrin signaling, while GIT1 binding to PXN drives focal complex disassembly and promotes motility via PIX/PAK.

    Evidence Time-course co-IP with phospho-specific antibodies (Eph signaling); domain-deletion mapping and overexpression with motility readout (GIT1)

    PMID:10655584 PMID:10938112

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SHP2 dephosphorylates PXN directly or only via FAK not resolved
    • Quantitative relationship between GIT1 binding and adhesion lifetime unknown
  5. 2003 High

    Identification of JNK1 as a direct Ser178 kinase for paxillin, and the finding that S178A mutation stabilizes focal adhesions and blocks rapid migration, established that stress kinase signaling converges on PXN to regulate adhesion lability.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, S178A mutagenesis, wound-healing and single-cell migration assays in NBT-II cells

    PMID:12853963

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream reader of pS178 not identified
    • Interplay with ERK-mediated serine phosphorylation untested
  6. 2011 Medium

    Quantitative focal adhesion proteomics confirmed PXN as a core contractility-responsive component, situating it within the myosin-II/Rho-dependent adhesion maturation program.

    Evidence SILAC mass spectrometry of isolated focal adhesions ± blebbistatin

    PMID:21214176

    Open questions at the time
    • PXN not primary focus of study; stoichiometric changes not deeply characterized
    • Post-translational modifications not captured
  7. 2017 Medium

    Consolidation of phosphorylation data clarified that ERK-mediated phosphorylation of PXN Ser106/231/290 promotes adhesion disassembly, complementing the earlier JNK1 and FAK/Src phosphorylation findings and establishing PXN as a multi-kinase integrator of adhesion dynamics.

    Evidence Review synthesizing phospho-specific western blot, mutagenesis, and co-immunoprecipitation studies across multiple primary publications

    PMID:28214467

    Open questions at the time
    • Temporal order of multi-site phosphorylation during adhesion turnover unresolved
    • Combinatorial phospho-code not decoded
  8. 2021 Medium

    Demonstration that matrix stiffness drives FAK/PXN phosphorylation to activate Rac1 and nuclear YAP in endothelial cells extended PXN's role from cell migration to mechanotransduction-dependent cell fate specification (tip cell emergence).

    Evidence Tunable hydrogel substrates, Rac1 activation assay, YAP nuclear translocation imaging, EC spheroid sprouting assay

    PMID:34466738

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PXN phosphorylation is sufficient or merely necessary for YAP activation not tested
    • Identity of the Rac GEF recruited by p-PXN in this context unknown
  9. 2023 High

    Discovery that ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate PXN at S32/S119 to weaken homotypic interactions and suppress liquid-liquid phase separation of PXN revealed a novel autophagy-independent mechanism by which ULK kinases antagonize focal adhesion assembly and oppose FAK/Src signaling.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, S32A/S119A mutagenesis, phase separation assay, FRAP, traction force microscopy in ULK1/2 KO cells

    PMID:37846507

    Open questions at the time
    • Phase separation of PXN in intact focal adhesions not directly visualized
    • Whether other kinases also regulate PXN LLPS unknown
  10. 2023 Medium

    Identification of an ANGPTL4/NRP1/ABL1 signaling axis converging on PXN phosphorylation to drive HNSCC migration expanded the upstream receptor inputs that funnel through PXN beyond classical integrins.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown of NRP1/ABL1, dasatinib inhibition, p-PXN western blot, orthotopic HNSCC tumor model

    PMID:37169211

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific PXN tyrosine residues phosphorylated by ABL1 not mapped
    • Whether ABL1–PXN interaction is direct not confirmed
  11. 2024 Medium

    Linking CXCL5-induced PXN/AKT phosphorylation to PD-L1 upregulation in lung cancer revealed an unexpected role for PXN in immune checkpoint regulation, extending its function from adhesion signaling to tumor immune evasion.

    Evidence siRNA, p-PXN and p-AKT western blot, PD-L1 flow cytometry, in vivo combination anti-CXCL5/anti-PD-L1 therapy in SCID/NOD mice

    PMID:39034411

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism linking p-PXN to PD-L1 transcription/stabilization not defined
    • Generalizability beyond lung cancer not established
  12. 2025 Medium

    ChIP-validated STAT3–PXN transcriptional feedback loop and the discovery that PXN stabilizes YB-1 by blocking its ubiquitination revealed a non-canonical nuclear/signaling function for PXN beyond adhesion scaffolding.

    Evidence ChIP assay (STAT3 on PXN promoter), co-IP (PXN–YB-1), ubiquitination assay, mRNA-seq in GBM cells

    PMID:41872167

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PXN directly contacts the ubiquitin ligase targeting YB-1 is unknown
    • PXN subcellular compartment where YB-1 stabilization occurs not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The combinatorial phospho-code on PXN — how simultaneous phosphorylation by FAK/Src, JNK1, ERK, and ULK1/2 is read by downstream effectors to switch between adhesion assembly, phase separation, and disassembly — remains unresolved, as does the structural basis of the multi-modal fuzzy PXN–FAK complex in the context of full-length proteins in cellulo.
  • No systematic analysis of combinatorial phospho-states on PXN and their effector recruitment
  • Full-length PXN–FAK structural ensemble not resolved in cellular context
  • Phase separation of PXN at native expression levels in focal adhesions not demonstrated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 5 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 7 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 5 R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 3
Partners
ABL1ARHGEF7GIT1PAK1PTK2PTPN11VCLYBX1
Complex memberships
FAK-paxillin complexPAK-PIX-GIT1-paxillin complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 Paxillin (PXN) and FAK both bind directly to the cytoplasmic domain of the beta1 integrin subunit in vitro; the N-terminal non-catalytic domain of FAK recognizes integrin sequences distinct from those bound by alpha-actinin, and paxillin binding is independent of FAK binding despite overlapping integrin sequences, establishing that integrins can simultaneously recruit both signaling molecules. In vitro binding assay using GST-fusion peptides mimicking beta1 integrin cytoplasmic domain, pull-down from chicken embryo cell lysates The Journal of cell biology High 7657702
1996 The LIM3 domain of PXN is the principal determinant of focal adhesion localization; vinculin binding maps to residues 143–164 (a single site), while FAK binding requires residues 143–164 plus a second site at 265–313; mutation E151Q abolishes vinculin binding without affecting FAK binding, demonstrating separable interaction interfaces on paxillin. Truncation and point-mutation mutagenesis, transfection of GFP-tagged constructs into CHO.K1 fibroblasts, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization The Journal of cell biology High 8922390
1999 The paxillin LD4 motif serves as a selective docking site for a complex containing PAK, PIX (a Rac GEF), and Nck, bridged by a novel 95-kDa ARF-GAP protein p95PKL (paxillin-kinase linker) that binds directly to LD4 and to PIX; disruption of this interaction (via LD4 deletion mutant or microinjection of GST-LD4) inhibits lamellipodia formation and cell migration, placing paxillin upstream of Rac-mediated actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, microinjection of GST-LD4 into NIH3T3 cells, wound-healing assay, GFP-p95PKL localization The Journal of cell biology High 10330411
2000 Activation of EphA2 by ephrin-A1 recruits phosphatase SHP2 to EphA2 within one minute, leading to rapid dephosphorylation of both FAK and paxillin and dissociation of the FAK–EphA2 complex, demonstrating that Eph receptor signaling negatively regulates integrin–FAK–paxillin signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blot with phospho-specific antibodies, time-course stimulation assay in intact cells Nature cell biology High 10655584
2000 GIT1 (a GRK-interacting ARF-GAP) directly binds paxillin via its C-terminal 125-residue domain; overexpression of GIT1 displaces paxillin from focal complexes and promotes cell motility; this activity is regulated by PIX, and GIT1 also couples to FAK via its Spa2 homology domain, placing the GIT1–PIX–PAK–paxillin complex as a coordinator of focal complex disassembly. Co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression in fibroblasts and epithelial cells, immunofluorescence, domain-deletion mapping Molecular and cellular biology High 10938112
2003 JNK1 directly phosphorylates paxillin on serine 178 both in vitro and in intact cells; expression of the phosphorylation-deficient S178A mutant of paxillin causes cells to form stable focal adhesions and impairs rapid cell migration in wound-healing assays, demonstrating that JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of paxillin is required for maintaining labile adhesions during rapid cell migration. In vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis (S178A), transfection into NBT-II and other cell lines, single-cell migration assay, wound-healing assay, immunofluorescence Nature High 12853963
2011 Proteomic analysis of isolated focal adhesions revealed that paxillin (PXN) is a core component of the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome; its abundance in focal adhesions is enhanced by myosin-II-mediated contractility, and it participates in Rho-mediated focal adhesion maturation pathways. Affinity isolation of focal adhesions, quantitative mass spectrometry comparing focal adhesions ± myosin II inhibition (blebbistatin), SILAC proteomics Nature cell biology Medium 21423176
2014 LSD1 (a histone demethylase) controls expression of paxillin (PXN) in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells; LSD1 depletion increases PXN mRNA and protein levels and leads to enhanced LPAR6 signaling, which promotes cell migration accompanied by phosphorylation of PXN; this identifies a LSD1–LPAR6–PXN axis controlling metastatic behavior. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis, ChIP-seq cistrome analysis, siRNA knockdown of LSD1, western blot for p-PXN, migration/invasion assays, in vivo mouse metastasis model Oncogenesis Medium 25285406
2015 miR-212 directly targets the 3'UTR of PXN mRNA to suppress its expression; promoter hypermethylation silences miR-212 in gastric cancer, leading to PXN overexpression; restoration of miR-212 reduces PXN mRNA and protein and inhibits cell invasion and metastasis, while PXN re-expression rescues the miR-212-induced phenotype, establishing a methylation–miR-212–PXN axis in gastric cancer invasion. Luciferase 3'UTR reporter assay, RT-PCR, western blot, methylation analysis (5-aza treatment), transfection gain/loss-of-function, in vitro invasion assay, in vivo xenograft rescue experiment American journal of cancer research Medium 26693054
2017 Nobiletin inhibits tumor angiogenesis in ER+ breast cancer cells by suppressing Src/FAK/STAT3 signaling, with PXN acting as a downstream target; EMSA and ChIP assays demonstrated that nobiletin blocks STAT3 binding to a novel binding site in the PXN gene promoter, reducing PXN transcription. Western blotting, RT-PCR, EMSA, ChIP assay, HUVEC tube formation assay, migration/invasion assays International journal of molecular sciences Medium 28468300
2017 Paxillin (PXN) is a multifunctional focal adhesion scaffold phosphorylated on Tyr31, Tyr118, Ser188, and Ser190 upon integrin engagement; ERK-mediated phosphorylation of Ser106, Ser231, and Ser290 promotes paxillin disassembly from focal adhesions; the phosphatase PEST binds phosphorylated paxillin to drive disassembly; paxillin coordinates spatiotemporal Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA GTPase activation by recruiting GEFs, GAPs, and GITs to focal adhesions. Synthesis/review of experimental literature including phospho-specific western blot, mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation studies compiled across multiple primary studies Journal of hematology & oncology Medium 28214467
2018 PXN knockdown in cervical cancer cells suppresses Bcl-2 expression, induces apoptosis, and resensitizes cells to radiation, establishing PXN as a regulator of Bcl-2-dependent survival and radioresistance. siRNA knockdown of PXN, western blot for Bcl-2, colony formation assay, apoptosis assay, in vitro radiation sensitivity assay, in vivo xenograft Future oncology Low 29318915
2018 Cytoplasmic LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor, resulting from signal peptide mutations) promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma invasion and vascular dissemination by activating YAP1, which in turn modulates FAK/paxillin (PXN) signaling; pharmaceutical inhibition with AZD0530 (Src/FAK inhibitor) reverses LIF-mediated dissemination and promotes cytoplasmic YAP1 accumulation while suppressing focal adhesion kinase activity. Immunohistochemistry of NPC biopsies, immunofluorescence, western blot, SNV sequencing of LIF signal peptide, pharmacological inhibition (AZD0530), in vivo invasion and dissemination models Nature communications Medium 30504771
2019 ETV4 transcription factor directly upregulates PXN transcription in non-small cell lung cancer; luciferase reporter assays confirmed direct regulatory effect of ETV4 on the PXN promoter; PXN knockdown partially abolished ETV4-induced cell proliferation and migration, placing PXN as a functional downstream effector of ETV4-driven tumorigenesis. Microarray analysis, luciferase reporter assay, gain/loss-of-function (siRNA, overexpression), migration and proliferation assays, in vivo xenograft Molecular carcinogenesis Medium 31670855
2020 Talin-1 overexpression promotes gastric cancer cell migration and invasion through the PTK2(FAK)–PXN–VCL–E-Cadherin–CAPN2–MAPK1 signaling axis; siRNA knockdown and overexpression of Talin-1 modulate PXN protein levels and downstream effectors. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, Transwell migration/invasion assay, overexpression and knockdown in MKN-45 cells Journal of clinical laboratory analysis Low 32951272
2020 miR-216b directly targets the 3'UTR of PXN, reducing its expression; miR-216b overexpression suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion; re-expression of PXN rescues these phenotypes; the miR-216b–PXN axis partially regulates PI3K/AKT signaling in gastric cancer cells. Luciferase 3'UTR reporter assay, western blot, gain/loss-of-function transfection, MTT, Transwell, flow cytometry, in vivo xenograft Pathology, research and practice Medium 33422779
2021 Matrix stiffness activates FAK and paxillin (PXN) phosphorylation at focal adhesions in endothelial cells, promoting transition of Rac1 from inactive to active state; this in turn activates YAP nuclear translocation, driving endothelial tip cell specification; phospho-PXN also loosens intercellular connections to facilitate tip cell emergence. This defines a p-PXN–Rac1–YAP mechanotransduction axis. Tunable hydrogel substrates, immunofluorescence, western blot for p-FAK and p-PXN, Rac1 activation assay, YAP localization imaging, EC spheroid sprouting assay, siRNA knockdown Bioactive materials Medium 34466738
2021 ITGB1 (integrin β1) drives hepatocellular carcinoma cell cycle progression through a signaling cascade involving PXN and YWHAZ (14-3-3ζ), with downstream AKT activation; ITGB1 knockdown by siRNA reduces PXN and YWHAZ protein expression, delays cell cycle progression, and impairs HCC aggressive behavior. Bioinformatics, siRNA knockdown, western blot, immunostaining, cell migration assay, drug resistance assay, colony formation, cell cycle analysis, xenograft Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Low 34977001
2021 miR-497 targets CDC42 and ITGB1 mRNAs; miR-497 overexpression decreases CDC42 and ITGB1 and inhibits phosphorylation of FAK, paxillin (PXN), and AKT; CDC42 restoration counteracts miR-497-mediated inhibition of focal adhesion and GC metastasis, placing PXN phosphorylation downstream of the miR-497/CDC42/ITGB1/FAK axis. RT-PCR, western blot for p-PXN, p-FAK, p-AKT, miR-497 knockout mice (NMU-induced GC model), gain/loss-of-function, in vivo metastasis assay Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids Medium 34589278
2023 ULK1 and ULK2 directly phosphorylate paxillin (PXN) at S32 and S119; this phosphorylation weakens homotypic PXN interactions and liquid-liquid phase separation of PXN, impairing focal adhesion assembly; ULK1/2 activity consequently reduces actin stress fiber assembly and focal adhesion formation, impeding cell contraction and migration independent of autophagy; ULK1/2 and FAK/Src have opposing effects on PXN and compete for phosphorylation of adjacent serine and tyrosine residues. In vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis (S32A/S119A), co-immunoprecipitation, FRAP, phase separation assay, focal adhesion immunofluorescence, traction force microscopy, breast cancer cell migration assay, ULK1/2 knockout cells EMBO reports High 37846507
2023 ANGPTL4 binding to the NRP1 receptor activates ABL1 tyrosine kinase, which phosphorylates paxillin (PXN), promoting HNSCC tumor cell migration; siRNA silencing of NRP1 or ABL1, or treatment with the ABL1 inhibitor dasatinib, blocks PXN phosphorylation and cell migration, identifying NRP1/ABL1/PXN as a signaling axis downstream of ANGPTL4 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Co-IP, siRNA knockdown of NRP1 and ABL1, pharmacological inhibition (dasatinib), western blot for p-PXN, migration assay, orthotopic HNSCC tumor model Cellular signalling Medium 37169211
2024 CXCL5 activates phosphorylation of the Paxillin/AKT signaling cascade in lung cancer cells, leading to upregulation of PD-L1 expression through a positive feedback loop; combined anti-CXCL5 and anti-PD-L1 treatment inhibits tumor growth in vivo, with PXN phosphorylation serving as a mechanistic link between CXCL5 signaling and immune checkpoint upregulation. Western blot for p-PXN and p-AKT, gene silencing (siRNA), flow cytometry for PD-L1, confocal immunofluorescence, in vivo SCID/NOD mouse xenograft, ELISA Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 39034411
2025 The disordered N-terminal domain of paxillin (PXN) undergoes significant compaction upon binding the FAK focal adhesion targeting domain (FAT), forming a flexible 48-kDa multi-modal complex with four major interconverting conformational states; each state involves unique sets of contacts from disordered PXN regions that are highly conserved; shifts in this multi-state equilibrium via ligand binding or phosphorylation may rewire cellular signaling networks. NMR spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), ensemble modeling, structural validation of the PXN N-domain–FAT complex bioRxivpreprint High
2025 Knockdown of PXN in premalignant Src-activated mammary epithelial cells prevents the transient increase in tensile forces at focal adhesions, which in turn abolishes the build-up of tensile forces at adherens junctions and suppresses cell proliferation; this demonstrates that PXN-dependent FA tension is required upstream of AJ strengthening and EGFR-ERK/MRTF-A-SRF activation during early malignant progression. siRNA knockdown of PXN, FRET-based tension sensors at focal adhesions and adherens junctions, immunofluorescence, proliferation assay, in vivo Drosophila E-cadherin knockdown model bioRxivpreprint Medium
2025 STAT3 directly upregulates PXN transcription in GBM; PXN reciprocally activates STAT3 by regulating SRC transcription, forming a positive feedback loop; additionally, PXN stabilizes the YB-1 protein by inhibiting its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation, and this YB-1 stabilization contributes to GBM malignancy through multiple downstream pathways. qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, ChIP assay (STAT3 on PXN promoter), mRNA sequencing, co-immunoprecipitation (PXN–YB-1), ubiquitination assay, siRNA/overexpression functional assays Cell death discovery Medium 41872167

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 64 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 The sequence of the human genome. Science (New York, N.Y.) 8428 11181995
2006 Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell 2861 17081983
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2006 A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nature biotechnology 1336 16964243
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2004 Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nature biotechnology 916 15592455
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
1995 Focal adhesion kinase and paxillin bind to peptides mimicking beta integrin cytoplasmic domains. The Journal of cell biology 528 7657702
2011 Analysis of the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome reveals a role for β-Pix in negative regulation of focal adhesion maturation. Nature cell biology 490 21423176
2000 Activation of EphA2 kinase suppresses integrin function and causes focal-adhesion-kinase dephosphorylation. Nature cell biology 475 10655584
2015 ZO-1 controls endothelial adherens junctions, cell-cell tension, angiogenesis, and barrier formation. The Journal of cell biology 452 25753039
2005 Time-resolved mass spectrometry of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling network reveals dynamic modules. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 434 15951569
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2003 JNK phosphorylates paxillin and regulates cell migration. Nature 411 12853963
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
1999 Paxillin LD4 motif binds PAK and PIX through a novel 95-kD ankyrin repeat, ARF-GAP protein: A role in cytoskeletal remodeling. The Journal of cell biology 402 10330411
2009 Large-scale structural analysis of the classical human protein tyrosine phosphatome. Cell 393 19167335
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2003 Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation. Advances in physiology education 322 14627618
1996 Identification of LIM3 as the principal determinant of paxillin focal adhesion localization and characterization of a novel motif on paxillin directing vinculin and focal adhesion kinase binding. The Journal of cell biology 319 8922390
2000 Coupling of PAK-interacting exchange factor PIX to GIT1 promotes focal complex disassembly. Molecular and cellular biology 313 10938112
2017 Paxillin: a crossroad in pathological cell migration. Journal of hematology & oncology 298 28214467
2017 The MBNL3 splicing factor promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by increasing PXN expression through the alternative splicing of lncRNA-PXN-AS1. Nature cell biology 266 28553938
2021 DDX17-regulated alternative splicing that produced an oncogenic isoform of PXN-AS1 to promote HCC metastasis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 86 34626132
2017 Nobiletin Inhibits Angiogenesis by Regulating Src/FAK/STAT3-Mediated Signaling through PXN in ER⁺ Breast Cancer Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 67 28468300
2019 ETV4 overexpression promotes progression of non-small cell lung cancer by upregulating PXN and MMP1 transcriptionally. Molecular carcinogenesis 57 31670855
2014 LSD1 controls metastasis of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells through PXN and LPAR6. Oncogenesis 57 25285406
2018 Knockdown of long non-coding RNA XIST inhibits cell viability and invasion by regulating miR-137/PXN axis in non-small cell lung cancer. International journal of biological macromolecules 55 29337100
2019 Long non-coding RNA PXN-AS1 suppresses pancreatic cancer progression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-3064 to upregulate PIP4K2B expression. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 51 31488171
2021 Matrix stiffness modulates tip cell formation through the p-PXN-Rac1-YAP signaling axis. Bioactive materials 49 34466738
2016 Colonisation of poultry by Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 is reduced by combined administration of Lactobacillus salivarius 59 and Enterococcus faecium PXN-33. Veterinary microbiology 41 28110775
2021 ITGB1 Drives Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Modulating Cell Cycle Process Through PXN/YWHAZ/AKT Pathways. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 36 34977001
2015 MicroRNA-212 functions as an epigenetic-silenced tumor suppressor involving in tumor metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer through down-regulating PXN expression. American journal of cancer research 35 26693054
2024 CXCL5 impedes CD8+ T cell immunity by upregulating PD-L1 expression in lung cancer via PXN/AKT signaling phosphorylation and neutrophil chemotaxis. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 32 39034411
2018 Cytoplasmic LIF reprograms invasive mode to enhance NPC dissemination through modulating YAP1-FAK/PXN signaling. Nature communications 31 30504771
2020 SOX9-activated PXN-AS1 promotes the tumorigenesis of glioblastoma by EZH2-mediated methylation of DKK1. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 29 32329150
2023 An ULK1/2-PXN mechanotransduction pathway suppresses breast cancer cell migration. EMBO reports 25 37846507
2019 Long noncoding RNA PXN-AS1-L promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression via regulating PXN. Cancer cell international 25 30679933
2019 Long noncoding RNA PXN-AS1-L promotes the malignancy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via upregulation of SAPCD2. Cancer medicine 24 31173488
2021 miR-497 defect contributes to gastric cancer tumorigenesis and progression via regulating CDC42/ITGB1/FAK/PXN/AKT signaling. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 18 34589278
2018 The overexpression of PXN promotes tumor progression and leads to radioresistance in cervical cancer. Future oncology (London, England) 17 29318915
2020 Promotive effect of Talin-1 protein on gastric cancer progression through PTK2-PXN-VCL-E-Cadherin-CAPN2-MAPK1 signaling axis. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 16 32951272
2017 Semisynthetic oleanane triterpenoids inhibit migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells through downregulated expression of the ITGB1/PTK2/PXN pathway. Chemico-biological interactions 13 28322779
2020 Silencing lncRNA XIST exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on gastric cancer cells by up-regulating microRNA-132 and down-regulating PXN. Aging 12 33154189
2014 A role for peroxidasin PXN-1 in aspects of C. elegans development. Molecules and cells 10 25475546
2022 LncRNA FIRRE promotes the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the expression of PXN through interacting with MBNL3. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 35988459
2012 Specific expression of Kcna10, Pxn and Odf2 in the organ of Corti. Gene expression patterns : GEP 8 22446089
2020 MiR-216b regulates the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer by targeting PXN. Pathology, research and practice 7 33422779
2023 Upregulation of MAPKAPK5-AS1, PXN-AS1 and URB1-AS1 lncRNAs in non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 6 37154079
2023 Angiopoietin-like 4 induces head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell migration through the NRP1/ABL1/PXN pathway. Cellular signalling 6 37169211
2024 Long non-coding RNA PXN-AS1 promotes glutamine synthetase-mediated chronic myeloid leukemia BCR::ABL1-independent resistance to Imatinib via cell cycle signaling pathway. Cancer cell international 5 38811958
2024 Trimethylamine N-Oxide Aggravates Neuro-Inflammation via lncRNA Fendrr/miR-145-5p/PXN Axis in Vascular Dementia Rats. Journal of inflammation research 4 39464336
2025 The pxn-lgbp-ap-1 pathway restricts virus proliferation by inducing the expression of Cru1 in crayfish. Communications biology 1 41339753
2020 Correction to: Long non-coding RNA PXN-AS1 suppresses pancreatic cancer progression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-3064 to upregulate PIP4K2B expression. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 1 32381033
2026 Deciphering the STAT3-PXN positive feedback loop in GBM, IDH-wildtype: transcriptional regulation and inhibition of YB-1 ubiquitination. Cell death discovery 0 41872167
2025 Promotive role of MBNL3 and PXN genes expressions with lncRNA PXN-AS1-L on gastric cancer. Biochemistry and biophysics reports 0 40678802