Affinage

PSMB10

Proteasome subunit beta type-10 · UniProt P40306

Round 2 corrected
Length
273 aa
Mass
28.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
61 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PSMB10 (β2i/MECL-1/LMP10) is an IFN-γ-inducible catalytic subunit of the immunoproteasome that replaces the constitutive β2 (Z/MC14) subunit, provides the trypsin-like proteolytic activity of the 20S complex, and requires obligatory co-incorporation with LMP2 during proteasome precursor assembly (PMID:8786291, PMID:9256419, PMID:10413086). Incorporation of PSMB10 together with LMP2 and LMP7 alters cleavage specificity to enhance generation of MHC class I-restricted peptide epitopes, and dominant-negative PSMB10 mutations that disrupt immunoproteasome assembly cause severe combined immunodeficiency and Omenn syndrome through impaired thymic T-cell selection (PMID:10878350, PMID:39734035). Beyond antigen processing, PSMB10 promotes NF-κB signaling by driving PTEN degradation and IκBα turnover in cardiovascular and retinal tissues, regulates mitochondrial dynamics by controlling Parkin-dependent Mfn1/2 degradation during ischemia-reperfusion injury, and maintains leukemia stem cell stemness through MHC-I degradation-mediated immune evasion and suppression of RPL6/RPS6–MDM2–P21 senescence (PMID:29507100, PMID:37501008, PMID:40462177). Loss of PSMB10 also shifts macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype and attenuates atherosclerosis, while combined loss with LMP7 deregulates T-cell proliferation and cytokine expression (PMID:33195259, PMID:16547243).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1996 High

    The identity of the third IFN-γ-inducible proteasome catalytic subunit was unknown; identification of MECL-1/PSMB10 as an exchangeable β-type subunit established the full complement of immunoproteasome catalytic subunits.

    Evidence 2D gel electrophoresis and Northern blot of IFN-γ-treated cell lysates with proteasome fractionation

    PMID:8786291

    Open questions at the time
    • Catalytic specificity of the MECL-1 active site was not yet defined
    • Tissue-level expression pattern not resolved
  2. 1997 High

    How immunoproteasome subunits encoded at different genomic loci are coordinately assembled was unclear; demonstration that MECL-1 incorporation requires LMP2 co-incorporation during precursor formation established the obligatory cooperative assembly rule and identified the constitutive β2 subunit Z as the displaced counterpart.

    Evidence Cotransfection, immunoprecipitation of 20S proteasome complexes, tissue-level RNA and protein analysis across mouse organs

    PMID:9174609 PMID:9256419

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the LMP2-MECL-1 cooperative assembly not resolved
    • Whether assembly cooperativity is absolute or quantitative in all cell types
  3. 1999 High

    The specific catalytic activity contributed by the β2i active site was undefined; active-site mutagenesis showed that MECL-1 provides the trypsin-like activity of the proteasome, with conservation from yeast to mammals.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of catalytic Thr residue, stable cell lines, peptidase activity assays on purified proteasomes

    PMID:10413086

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo substrate repertoire of the trypsin-like site not identified
    • Structural basis for cleavage preference not yet available
  4. 2000 High

    Whether immunoproteasome incorporation actually alters antigen processing output was unresolved; triple transfection of LMP2/LMP7/MECL-1 demonstrated enhanced MHC class I epitope generation both in cellulo and in vitro, directly linking immunoproteasome composition to antigen presentation quality.

    Evidence Triple transfection of immunosubunits, T-cell epitope presentation assay, in vitro proteasome digestion with fragment analysis

    PMID:10878350

    Open questions at the time
    • Individual contribution of MECL-1 versus LMP2/LMP7 to altered cleavage not separated
    • Epitope repertoire breadth analysis limited to one viral epitope
  5. 2006 High

    Whether immunoproteasome subunits have functions beyond antigen presentation was uncertain; MECL-1/LMP7 double-KO mice revealed cell-intrinsic T-cell hyperproliferation and altered memory differentiation, establishing a non-antigen-processing role in T-cell homeostasis.

    Evidence Double KO mouse model, mitogen stimulation, flow cytometry of T-cell subsets

    PMID:16547243

    Open questions at the time
    • Individual contribution of MECL-1 versus LMP7 not resolved
    • Molecular target of proliferation control not identified
  6. 2011 Medium

    How adenovirus evades immunoproteasome-mediated antigen presentation was unknown; E1A was shown to directly bind MECL-1 and downregulate all three immunosubunits by suppressing STAT1 phosphorylation, revealing a viral immune evasion mechanism targeting PSMB10.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, cotransfection, binding domain mapping

    PMID:22018786

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether E1A-MECL-1 interaction is direct (no in vitro reconstitution)
    • Functional consequence for viral immune evasion in vivo not tested
  7. 2018 High

    The signaling mechanism by which PSMB10 promotes inflammation in cardiovascular tissue was unknown; KO and overexpression studies in atrial and retinal models established that PSMB10 drives PTEN degradation, activating the AKT–IKKβ–NF-κB axis to promote fibrosis, ROS, and inflammation.

    Evidence PSMB10 KO mice, rAAV9 overexpression, Ang II infusion, IKKβ inhibitor rescue, Western blot pathway analysis in cardiac and retinal tissues

    PMID:29499566 PMID:29507100

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ubiquitination mechanism for PTEN by immunoproteasome not shown
    • Whether PTEN is a direct substrate or degraded indirectly through other E3 ligases
  8. 2019 High

    Structural determinants of β2i versus β2c substrate-binding channel selectivity were undefined; co-crystal structures of humanized yeast proteasomes with selective inhibitors revealed specific channel differences enabling rational design of β2i-selective compounds.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of inhibitor-proteasome co-crystals, activity-based protein profiling, yeast mutagenesis

    PMID:30657666

    Open questions at the time
    • No structure of fully human immunoproteasome at this site
    • In vivo pharmacology of selective β2i inhibitors not validated
  9. 2020 Medium

    How PSMB10 influences cardiac hypertrophy and macrophage biology was not understood; KO studies demonstrated that PSMB10 loss promotes autophagic degradation of IGF1R/gp130 attenuating hypertrophy, and shifts macrophage polarization toward M2 to reduce atherosclerosis through decreased NF-κB activation.

    Evidence LMP10 KO mice with Ang II or ApoE-KO atherosclerosis models, bone marrow transplantation, autophagy inhibitor rescue, flow cytometry

    PMID:32581853 PMID:33195259

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking immunoproteasome to autophagy regulation not fully delineated
    • Whether macrophage polarization shift is cell-autonomous confirmed only by BMT, not conditional KO
  10. 2023 Medium

    How PSMB10 intersects with mitochondrial quality control was unknown; ischemia-reperfusion studies showed that PSMB10 loss increases Parkin expression, accelerating ubiquitin-dependent Mfn1/2 degradation and causing excessive mitochondrial fission.

    Evidence β2i KO mice, rAAV9 overexpression, cardiac I/R model, electron microscopy, Western blot for Parkin/Mfn1/2/Drp1

    PMID:37501008

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism by which immunoproteasome regulates Parkin expression not shown
    • Single lab finding awaiting independent confirmation
  11. 2024 High

    Whether PSMB10 mutations cause human immunodeficiency was unresolved; a dominant-negative G201R variant was shown to impair immunoproteasome assembly, disrupt thymic T-cell selection, and cause severe combined immunodeficiency with Omenn syndrome.

    Evidence Immunoblotting, flow cytometry, artificial thymic organoid assay, human thymus scRNA-seq, immunophenotyping

    PMID:39734035

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of G201R dominant-negative effect not determined at atomic resolution
    • Whether other PSMB10 variants cause milder immunodeficiency phenotypes
  12. 2025 High

    The role of PSMB10 in leukemia stem cell maintenance was unknown; PSMB10 was found to suppress senescence through the RPL6/RPS6–MDM2–P21 pathway and promote immune escape via MHC-I degradation, maintaining chemotherapy-resistant LSC stemness.

    Evidence siRNA/lentivirus knockdown, co-IP, polysome profiling, quantitative proteomics, xenograft and syngeneic mouse models

    PMID:40462177

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PSMB10 directly degrades MHC-I or acts through intermediate substrates not resolved
    • Therapeutic window for PSMB10 targeting in AML patients not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the full in vivo substrate repertoire of the β2i trypsin-like activity, the direct mechanism linking immunoproteasome activity to autophagy regulation and Parkin expression, and whether selective β2i inhibitors can be exploited therapeutically in cancer or autoimmunity without compromising infection defense.
  • No comprehensive substrate identification by proteomics for β2i-specific cleavage events
  • Mechanism of PSMB10-dependent autophagy regulation remains indirect
  • Therapeutic index of β2i-selective inhibition in immune-competent organisms unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 8 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 7 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 5 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 1 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
MFN1MFN2PRKNPSMB8PSMB9PTENRPL6RPS6
Complex memberships
20S immunoproteasome26S immunoproteasome

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 MECL-1 (LMP10/PSMB10) was identified as the third IFN-gamma-inducible proteasome beta-type subunit. Upon IFN-gamma stimulation, LMP10 (along with LMP2 and LMP7) is incorporated into proteasomes while constitutive counterparts (LMP9, LMP17, LMP19) are displaced; MECL-1 was shown to be the product of the previously cloned MECL-1 gene and to harbor most or all catalytic sites of the proteasome. 2D gel electrophoresis of IFN-gamma-treated cell lysates, Northern blot, protein fractionation of proteasome complexes Journal of immunology High 8786291
1997 The incorporation of MECL-1 (PSMB10) into the 20S proteasome requires LMP2; conversely, LMP2 incorporation is strongly enhanced by MECL-1. MECL-1 replaces the constitutive homologous subunit Z. This obligatory co-incorporation of MECL-1 and LMP2 occurs at the level of proteasome precursor formation, indicating concerted assembly of IFN-gamma-inducible subunits encoded inside and outside the MHC. Cotransfection experiments, immunoprecipitation of 20S proteasome complexes, Western blot analysis of subunit composition Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 9256419
1997 Mouse MECL-1 (PSMB10) and its constitutive homolog MC14 show reciprocal tissue expression: MECL-1 mRNA is highest in thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen, while MC14 predominates in tissues with low MECL-1. This reciprocal pattern mirrors that of LMP2/delta and LMP7/MB1 pairs, and the protein composition of purified 20S proteasomes from liver, thymus, and lung reflects this RNA expression. Northern blot analysis, 20S proteasome purification and subunit protein composition analysis from multiple tissues European journal of immunology High 9174609
1999 The MECL-1 (PSMB10) active site is responsible for the trypsin-like activity of the proteasome. A catalytically inactive mutant MECL-1 (active-site mutation) was incorporated normally into cytosolic proteasomes, replacing the constitutive MC14 subunit, but its prosequence removal was incomplete (indicating autocatalytic processing). Absence of the MC14/MECL-1 active sites specifically abrogated trypsin-like proteolytic activity without affecting other catalytic activities, and cleavage specificity is conserved between mammalian and yeast proteasomes. Site-directed mutagenesis of catalytic residue, stable cell line generation, proteasome purification, peptidase activity assays FEBS letters High 10413086
2000 Overexpression of all three immunoproteasome subunits (LMP2, LMP7, MECL-1/PSMB10) in triple transfectants markedly enhanced MHC class I-restricted presentation of the LCMV NP118 epitope. In vitro, immunoproteasomes generated higher amounts of 11- and 12-mer precursor fragments containing the NP118 epitope compared to constitutive proteasomes, demonstrating that MECL-1 inclusion alters antigen processing specificity. Triple transfection of immunosubunits, T cell epitope presentation assay, in vitro proteasome digestion assay with peptide fragment analysis Journal of immunology High 10878350
2006 T cells from double knockout mice lacking both MECL-1 (PSMB10) and LMP7 hyperproliferate in vitro in response to polyclonal mitogens, with accelerated cell cycling in both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. This hyperproliferation is not observed in single knockouts, and in vivo there are increased numbers of central memory CD8+ T cells, implicating immunoproteasomes in T cell proliferation control beyond MHC class I antigen processing. Double knockout mouse model, mitogen stimulation assay, flow cytometry for cell cycling and T cell subsets, in vivo phenotyping Journal of immunology High 16547243
2011 Adenovirus E1A directly binds MECL-1 (PSMB10) through its N-terminal region and conserved region 3, while binding poorly to the constitutive β2 subunit. E1A causes downregulation of MECL-1 (and LMP2 and LMP7) expression induced by IFN-gamma, and this downregulation is mediated by reduced IFN-gamma-stimulated STAT1 phosphorylation. Co-immunoprecipitation, cotransfection, Western blot, binding domain mapping Virology Medium 22018786
2012 LMP7 and MECL-1 (PSMB10) jointly regulate cytokine expression (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2Rβ, GATA3, and t-bet) in activated splenocytes, while other cytokines (IL-2, IL-13, TNF-alpha, IL-2Rα) are regulated by the proteasome independently of LMP7/MECL-1. LMP7/MECL1-null mouse, splenocyte activation with PMA/ionomycin, quantitative RT-PCR for cytokine mRNAs, lactacystin inhibitor treatment Pharmacology Medium 22398747
2017 Knockout of immunoproteasome subunit β2i (PSMB10) in DOCA/salt hypertensive mice attenuates cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. Mechanistically, β2i KO inhibits IκBα/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways, reducing expression of collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. β2i knockout mouse model, DOCA/salt hypertension model, echocardiography, histological staining, qRT-PCR, Western blot Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 28478040
2018 PSMB10 (β2i/LMP10) promotes PTEN degradation and AKT1 activation in atrial tissue during angiotensin II stimulation, which activates IKKβ and drives ubiquitin-mediated IκBα degradation and NF-κB target gene expression (IL-1β, IL-6, NOX2, NOX4, CX43), leading to atrial fibrosis and reactive oxygen species production. PSMB10 KO mice are protected from Ang II-induced atrial fibrillation while AAV9-PSMB10 overexpression aggravates it. PSMB10 knockout mice, rAAV9-PSMB10 overexpression, Ang II infusion model, IKKβ inhibitor (IMD-0354), Western blot for pathway components, proteasome activity assay Hypertension High 29507100
2018 LMP10 (PSMB10) promotes PTEN degradation and activation of AKT/IKK signaling in retinal cells during Ang II stimulation, leading to IκBα phosphorylation and degradation and NF-κB target gene activation, causing hypertensive retinopathy with increased vascular permeability, ROS production, and inflammation. LMP10 knockout mice, intravitreal rAAV2-LMP10 injection, IKKβ inhibitor (IMD-0354), pathological staining, proteasome trypsin-like activity assay, Western blot Redox biology High 29499566
2019 PSMB10 interacts directly with classical swine fever virus NS3 protein (confirmed by Co-IP, GST pulldown, and confocal microscopy). PSMB10 overexpression inhibits CSFV replication and promotes ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of NS3. Additionally, PSMB10 restores MHC class I antigen presentation that CSFV had suppressed. Yeast two-hybrid screening, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, laser confocal microscopy, overexpression and knockdown of PSMB10, viral replication assay Virology High 31493657
2019 Crystal structures of β2c- and β2i (PSMB10)-humanized yeast proteasomes with selective inhibitors LU-002c and LU-002i reveal significant differences in the substrate-binding channels of β2c and β2i that underlie subunit selectivity, enabling rational design of compounds with 40-45-fold selectivity for each subunit. X-ray crystallography of inhibitor-proteasome co-crystals, activity-based protein profiling, yeast mutagenesis, organic synthesis and biochemical screening Journal of medicinal chemistry High 30657666
2020 LMP10 (PSMB10) deletion attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE KO mice by shifting macrophage polarization toward M2 and reducing NF-κB activation (decreased IκBα degradation). Myeloid-specific deletion via bone marrow transplantation recapitulates this phenotype. In vitro, LMP10 deletion blunts macrophage polarization and ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation. LMP10 KO mice, ApoE KO atherosclerosis model, bone marrow transplantation, flow cytometry for macrophage polarization, in vitro macrophage culture, Western blot Frontiers in cell and developmental biology High 33195259
2020 LMP10 (PSMB10) KO in Ang II-infused mice promotes autophagic degradation of IGF1R and gp130, reducing downstream phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, STAT3, and ERK1/2, leading to attenuated cardiac hypertrophic remodeling. In vitro knockdown of LMP10 increases LC3II/I ratio (autophagy marker) and promotes IGF1R/gp130 degradation; chloroquine (autophagy inhibitor) reverses this effect. LMP10 KO mice, Ang II infusion, echocardiography, Western blot for signaling components, siRNA knockdown, autophagy inhibitor treatment Frontiers in physiology Medium 32581853
2021 Triple knockout of all three immunoproteasome catalytic subunits (β1i/LMP2, β2i/MECL-1/PSMB10, β5i/LMP7) impairs control of Toxoplasma gondii infection, reducing dendritic cell, monocyte, and CD8+ T cell numbers, impairing IFN-gamma/TNF/iNOS production, altering T cell differentiation, elevating apoptosis of microglia and monocytes, and diminishing STAT3 downstream signaling. Triple immunoproteasome KO mice, T. gondii infection model, flow cytometry, STAT3 signaling analysis, cytokine measurement Frontiers in immunology Medium 33968021
2023 β2i (PSMB10) KO in mice subjected to cardiac I/R injury results in excessive mitochondrial fission due to Mfn1/2 and Drp1 imbalance. Mechanistically, I/R reduces β2i expression and activity, which increases Parkin E3 ligase expression and promotes ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mitofusin 1/2 (Mfn1/2), causing mitochondrial fragmentation. Cardiac overexpression of β2i via rAAV9 ameliorates I/R injury. β2i KO mice, rAAV9-β2i overexpression, cardiac I/R model, electron microscopy for mitochondrial morphology, Western blot for Parkin/Mfn1/2/Drp1, infarct size measurement Cellular and molecular life sciences Medium 37501008
2024 A heterozygous dominant-negative PSMB10 variant (G201R) markedly reduces immunoproteasome protein expression (PSMB9 and PSMB10) in PBMCs, EBV-B cells, and fibroblasts. PSMB10 is expressed in cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cell subsets (per scRNA-seq). The mutation impairs positive selection of CD8 T cells, generation of T cell receptor diversity, and negative selection of autoreactive T cells, causing severe combined immunodeficiency and Omenn syndrome. Immunoblotting, flow cytometry, artificial thymic organoid T-cell development assay, human thymus single-cell RNA sequencing, immunophenotyping The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology High 39734035
2025 PSMB10 maintains stemness of chemotherapy-resistant leukemia stem cells by inhibiting senescence and cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing. Mechanistically, PSMB10 downregulation boosts SLC22A16-mediated drug endocytosis and induces chemotherapy-mediated senescence via the RPL6/RPS6-MDM2-P21 pathway. Additionally, PSMB10 promotes MHC-I protein degradation to enable immune escape from CTL killing. Genetic inactivation of PSMB10 in vivo reduces human LSC frequency 19-fold and drug-resistant mouse LSC frequency 7.6-fold. siRNA/lentivirus knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, polysome profiling, quantitative proteomics, xenograft and syngeneic BMT mouse models, flow cytometry Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research High 40462177
2026 A dominant-negative PSMB10 p.G209R mutation disrupts immunoproteasome assembly and function, leading to defective viral sensing and antigen presentation in IFN-treated fibroblasts, causing severe T lymphopenia at birth. Molecular modeling and biochemical studies confirmed impaired immunoproteasome assembly. Despite this, the patient recovered normal naïve T cell counts and T cell receptor diversity within the first year of life. Molecular modeling, proteomics, transcriptomics, ex vivo T lymphopoiesis, immunoproteasome assembly and function assays Journal of human immunity Medium 41971628

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 61 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature 5878 25056061
1996 Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. Annual review of biochemistry 2108 8811196
2002 Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein. Nature 1924 12167863
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2003 Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts. Nature 1236 12808466
2003 DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection. Cell 1150 12809610
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2003 Induction of APOBEC3G ubiquitination and degradation by an HIV-1 Vif-Cul5-SCF complex. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1006 14564014
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2003 The cytidine deaminase CEM15 induces hypermutation in newly synthesized HIV-1 DNA. Nature 912 12808465
2003 The antiretroviral enzyme APOBEC3G is degraded by the proteasome in response to HIV-1 Vif. Nature medicine 798 14528300
2003 Species-specific exclusion of APOBEC3G from HIV-1 virions by Vif. Cell 763 12859895
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2003 HIV-1 Vif protein binds the editing enzyme APOBEC3G and induces its degradation. Nature medicine 679 14528301
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2003 HIV-1 Vif blocks the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by impairing both its translation and intracellular stability. Molecular cell 607 14527406
2003 Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein. Science (New York, N.Y.) 570 12750511
1994 Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. Gene 492 8125298
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
2003 The Vif protein of HIV triggers degradation of the human antiretroviral DNA deaminase APOBEC3G. Current biology : CB 405 14614829
1996 Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. Genome research 401 8889548
2001 Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-dependent proteolysis of human cyclin A starts at the beginning of mitosis and is not subject to the spindle assembly checkpoint. The Journal of cell biology 372 11285280
2003 Prophase destruction of Emi1 by the SCF(betaTrCP/Slimb) ubiquitin ligase activates the anaphase promoting complex to allow progression beyond prometaphase. Developmental cell 301 12791267
2003 The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif protein reduces intracellular expression and inhibits packaging of APOBEC3G (CEM15), a cellular inhibitor of virus infectivity. Journal of virology 274 14557625
1997 The subunits MECL-1 and LMP2 are mutually required for incorporation into the 20S proteasome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 170 9256419
1996 Identification of MECL-1 (LMP-10) as the third IFN-gamma-inducible proteasome subunit. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 148 8786291
2000 Overexpression of the proteasome subunits LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1, but not PA28 alpha/beta, enhances the presentation of an immunodominant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus T cell epitope. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 96 10878350
2018 Novel Role for the Immunoproteasome Subunit PSMB10 in Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrillation in Mice. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 88 29507100
2006 T cells lacking immunoproteasome subunits MECL-1 and LMP7 hyperproliferate in response to polyclonal mitogens. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 65 16547243
1997 Molecular cloning of the mouse proteasome subunits MC14 and MECL-1: reciprocally regulated tissue expression of interferon-gamma-modulated proteasome subunits. European journal of immunology 49 9174609
2017 Knockout of immunoproteasome subunit β2i ameliorates cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in DOCA/Salt hypertensive mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 34 28478040
2018 The immunoproteasome subunit LMP10 mediates angiotensin II-induced retinopathy in mice. Redox biology 33 29499566
2004 Expression of HLA class I antigen and proteasome subunits LMP-2 and LMP-10 in primary vs. metastatic breast carcinoma lesions. International journal of oncology 32 15547699
2019 Structure-Based Design of Inhibitors Selective for Human Proteasome β2c or β2i Subunits. Journal of medicinal chemistry 29 30657666
1999 Mutational analysis of subunit i beta2 (MECL-1) demonstrates conservation of cleavage specificity between yeast and mammalian proteasomes. FEBS letters 23 10413086
2014 Correlation of LMP10 expression and clinical outcome in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) positive and HPV-Negative tonsillar and base of tongue cancer. PloS one 19 24752327
2021 The Immunoproteasome Subunits LMP2, LMP7 and MECL-1 Are Crucial Along the Induction of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis. Frontiers in immunology 16 33968021
2020 Deficiency of LMP10 Attenuates Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Macrophage Polarization and Inflammation in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 16 33195259
1997 DNA sequence, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression of the mouse proteasome subunit lmp10 (Psmb10) gene. Genomics 16 9367687
2023 The immunoproteasome subunit β2i ameliorates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating Parkin-Mfn1/2-mediated mitochondrial fusion. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 15 37501008
2011 Adenovirus E1A interacts directly with, and regulates the level of expression of, the immunoproteasome component MECL1. Virology 15 22018786
2012 A critical role for the inducible proteasomal subunits LMP7 and MECL1 in cytokine production by activated murine splenocytes. Pharmacology 14 22398747
2020 Deficiency of the Immunoproteasome LMP10 Subunit Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophic Remodeling via Autophagic Degradation of gp130 and IGF1R. Frontiers in physiology 11 32581853
2009 Dichotomous haplotypic lineages of the immunoproteasome subunit genes, PSMB8 and PSMB10, in the MHC class I region of a Teleost Medaka, Oryzias latipes. Molecular biology and evolution 11 19126869
2002 Identification of functional segments within the beta2I-domain of integrin alphaMbeta2. The Journal of biological chemistry 10 12324470
2018 Anti-viral immune response in the lung and thymus: Molecular characterization and expression analysis of immunoproteasome subunits LMP2, LMP7 and MECL-1 in pigs. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 29856997
2004 Dual function for a unique site within the beta2I domain of integrin alphaMbeta2. The Journal of biological chemistry 9 15615722
2002 Expression and regulation of interferon gamma-inducible proteasomal subunits LMP7 and LMP10 in the bovine corpus luteum. Biology of reproduction 9 12606494
2019 Host cell protein PSMB10 interacts with viral NS3 protein and inhibits the growth of classical swine fever virus. Virology 7 31493657
2013 Anti-viral immune responses in a primitive lung: characterization and expression analysis of interferon-inducible immunoproteasome subunits LMP2, LMP7 and MECL-1 in a sarcopterygian fish, the Nigerian spotted lungfish (Protopterus dolloi). Developmental and comparative immunology 6 23932981
2025 PSMB10 maintains the stemness of chemotherapeutic drug-resistant leukemia cells by inhibiting senescence and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing in a ubiquitinated degradation manner. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 4 40462177
2006 Genomic organization, localization and polymorphism of porcine PSMB10, a gene encoding the third beta-type proteasome subunit of 26S proteasome complex. Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 4 16965406
2024 Thymic and T-cell intrinsic critical roles associated with severe combined immunodeficiency and Omenn syndrome due to a heterozygous variant (G201R) in PSMB10. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 3 39734035
2007 Molecular characterization, expression and mapping of porcine LMP2 and MECL-1 genes. DNA sequence : the journal of DNA sequencing and mapping 2 17541830
2026 Dominant-negative PSMB10 disrupts immunoproteasome assembly and leads to transient T lymphopenia. Journal of human immunity 0 41971628