Affinage

PROM1

Prominin-1 · UniProt O43490

Length
865 aa
Mass
97.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PROM1 (CD133/prominin-1) is a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein that organizes plasma membrane protrusion architecture and integrates signaling pathways controlling stemness, differentiation, and autophagy. At the cell surface, PROM1 localizes constitutively to microvilli and filopodia via a phosphorylation-dependent (Y828) interaction with PI3K and the Arp2/3 complex, regulated by ganglioside binding, and forms a complex with E-cadherin and β-catenin to sustain Wnt/β-catenin signaling (PMID:30328220, PMID:29431914); it also interacts with ALK4 to activate Smad2 phosphorylation, downregulate cholesterol, and promote axon regeneration (PMID:32554499), and modulates microvesicle release by regulating RhoA and Rac1 GTPase activities (PMID:30521383). Intracellularly, PROM1 traffics via HDAC6 and dynein to pericentrosomal recycling endosomes where it sequesters GABARAP to inhibit autophagy initiation and suppress differentiation (PMID:30783186). Loss-of-function mutations in PROM1, including nonsense, splice-site, and deep intronic variants, cause autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy and macular dystrophy (PMID:26702251, PMID:30588538).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Establishing PROM1 as a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein with an intrinsic capacity to target plasma membrane protrusions (microvilli, filopodia) independently of cell type resolved where the protein resides and that its localization is cell-autonomous.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and electron microscopy in Caco-2 cells and transfected fibroblasts

    PMID:10681530

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which PROM1 is targeted to protrusions was unknown
    • No interacting partners identified at this stage
  2. 2002 High

    Identification of the AC133-2 splice isoform and its selective expression on hematopoietic stem cells, with loss upon differentiation, established PROM1 as a stem-cell-associated marker with regulated alternative splicing.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, glycosylation analysis, RT-PCR across tissues, flow cytometry of HSCs, immunofluorescence of neonatal epidermis

    PMID:12042327

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of the 27-nt exon deletion was not determined
    • Whether expression loss upon differentiation is transcriptional or post-transcriptional was unclear
  3. 2008 Medium

    Three independent studies converged to show that PROM1 transcription is controlled by CpG methylation of its alternative promoters (P1–P3) together with histone modifications, explaining the on/off switching of CD133 expression in tumors versus normal tissues and between sorted CD133+ and CD133− populations.

    Evidence Bisulfite sequencing, ChIP for histone marks, promoter-reporter assays with in vitro methylation, epigenetic drug treatments in ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, and colon cancer lines

    PMID:18679414 PMID:18829568 PMID:18836486

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the DNMTs and demethylases responsible in vivo was not established
    • Chromatin remodelers acting at PROM1 promoters were not identified
  4. 2010 Medium

    Showing that CD133 suppresses neuroblastoma differentiation through p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways and represses RET transcription established a signaling axis through which PROM1 actively inhibits differentiation rather than merely marking undifferentiated cells.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown in neuroblastoma lines, pathway inhibitor epistasis, RET rescue experiments

    PMID:20818439

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical mechanism linking CD133 to p38MAPK and PI3K activation was not defined
    • Whether RET repression is transcriptionally direct was not resolved
  5. 2013 Medium

    Demonstrating that CD133 knockdown impairs glioblastoma neurosphere self-renewal and that CD133 dynamically interconverts between surface and cytoplasmic pools showed that PROM1 function involves regulated subcellular trafficking rather than a fixed surface identity.

    Evidence Lentiviral shRNA knockdown, neurosphere assays, xenograft formation, immunofluorescence localization

    PMID:23307586

    Open questions at the time
    • Trafficking machinery responsible for surface–cytoplasm interconversion was not identified
    • Whether cytoplasmic CD133 has distinct signaling functions was unknown
  6. 2015 Medium

    Two studies identified deep intronic mutations in PROM1 that disrupt splicing (exon skipping and pseudoexon activation) to produce null alleles causing autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy, establishing PROM1 as essential for photoreceptor maintenance.

    Evidence Minigene splicing reporter assays, whole-genome sequencing, homozygosity mapping in affected families

    PMID:26153215 PMID:26702251

    Open questions at the time
    • Photoreceptor-specific function of PROM1 protein was not mechanistically dissected
    • Animal model validation of these specific splicing mutations was not performed
  7. 2015 High

    Identifying nucleolin as a direct transcriptional activator of the PROM1 P1 promoter in HSPCs, with downstream elevation of active β-catenin and Akt, linked PROM1 transcription to a defined upstream regulator and explained its tissue-specific expression in the hematopoietic compartment.

    Evidence ChIP for nucleolin at P1 promoter, promoter-reporter assays, siRNA knockdown, colony-forming and LTC-IC assays in primary HSPCs

    PMID:26183533

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether nucleolin regulation of PROM1 occurs in non-hematopoietic tissues was not tested
    • Other transcription factors cooperating with nucleolin at P1 were not identified
  8. 2018 High

    Dissecting how PROM1 shapes microvillar architecture through Y828 phosphorylation-dependent PI3K and Arp2/3 recruitment, with ganglioside binding providing an additional regulatory input, provided the first molecular mechanism for PROM1's constitutive protrusion targeting.

    Evidence High-resolution microscopy, co-IP with PI3K and Arp2/3, Y828 and ganglioside-binding-site mutagenesis in MDCK cells

    PMID:30328220

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the PROM1–ganglioside interaction was not resolved
    • Kinase(s) responsible for Y828 phosphorylation were not identified
  9. 2018 High

    Showing that CD133 forms a complex with E-cadherin and β-catenin and that its loss reduces β-catenin levels and TCF/LEF activity established PROM1 as a permissive factor for canonical Wnt signaling and linked it to renal tubular repair after injury.

    Evidence Co-IP of CD133–E-cadherin–β-catenin, siRNA knockdown, TCF/LEF luciferase reporter, senescence assays in renal cells

    PMID:29431914

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PROM1 directly stabilizes β-catenin or acts indirectly through E-cadherin sequestration was not distinguished
    • In vivo renal injury model with genetic PROM1 deletion was not performed
  10. 2018 Medium

    Demonstrating that CD133 regulates RhoA and Rac1 GTPase activities to control microvesicle budding, and that CD133-containing microvesicles transfer oncogenic KRAS to recipient cells, revealed a role for PROM1 in intercellular cargo transfer via extracellular vesicles.

    Evidence siRNA/overexpression of CD133, nanoparticle tracking, GTPase activity assays, functional KRAS transfer experiments in colon cancer cells

    PMID:30521383

    Open questions at the time
    • How PROM1 modulates GTPase activity (direct GAP/GEF interaction vs. indirect) was not resolved
    • In vivo relevance of PROM1-mediated microvesicle release was not tested
  11. 2019 High

    Identifying the HDAC6/dynein-dependent trafficking of CD133 to pericentrosomal recycling endosomes, where it sequesters GABARAP to block ULK1 activation and autophagy initiation, provided a unified mechanism explaining how PROM1 suppresses both primary ciliogenesis and differentiation.

    Evidence Co-IP (CD133–HDAC6, CD133–GABARAP), confocal imaging, dynein inhibition, Src kinase manipulation, ULK1 phosphorylation assays

    PMID:30783186

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and direct vs. bridged nature of the CD133–GABARAP interaction were not determined
    • Whether autophagy suppression fully accounts for PROM1's anti-differentiation activity was not tested
  12. 2020 High

    Showing that PROM1 interacts with ALK4 to synergistically activate Smad2 and downregulate cholesterol metabolism, promoting axon regeneration in vivo, extended PROM1's signaling repertoire to TGF-β/Smad signaling and neuronal repair.

    Evidence Co-IP (Prom1–ALK4), Prom1 knockout mice, AAV-mediated overexpression in DRG neurons and sciatic nerve model, cholesterol assays

    PMID:32554499

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PROM1 acts as a co-receptor or modulator of ALK4 kinase activity was not distinguished
    • Role of cholesterol reduction versus other Smad2 targets in regeneration was not separated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Major unresolved questions include the structural basis of PROM1's cholesterol and ganglioside binding, the identity of kinases phosphorylating Y828, whether the autophagy-suppressive and Wnt-stabilizing functions operate in the same or distinct cellular contexts, and how PROM1 loss specifically causes photoreceptor degeneration at the cellular level.
  • No high-resolution structure of PROM1
  • Kinase for Y828 phosphorylation unidentified
  • Photoreceptor-specific mechanism of PROM1 function not dissected

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 2 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005768 endosome 1 GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center 1 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 1 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
ACTR2ACVR1BCDH1CTNNB1GABARAPHDAC6NCLPIK3CA
Complex memberships
E-cadherin–β-catenin complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 AC133 (PROM1/CD133) is a 5-transmembrane domain cell-surface glycoprotein that localizes selectively to plasma membrane protrusions (microvilli and filopodia) in epithelial and non-epithelial cells, with this localization being independent of epithelial phenotype—ectopic expression in fibroblasts also targets the protein to membrane protrusions. Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and electron microscopy of Caco-2 epithelial cells and transfected fibroblasts; flow cytometry of murine CD34+ bone marrow progenitors The Journal of biological chemistry High 10681530
2002 AC133-2, a novel isoform of PROM1 generated by alternative mRNA splicing (deletion of a 27-nucleotide exon), is glycosylated and transported to the plasma membrane; AC133-2 is the isoform expressed on hematopoietic stem cells and co-expressed with β1 integrin in the basal layer of neonatal epidermis, with its expression lost upon differentiation. cDNA cloning, expression in HEK293 cells, glycosylation analysis, RT-PCR across tissues, flow cytometry of fetal liver/bone marrow/peripheral blood HSCs, immunofluorescence of neonatal epidermis The Journal of biological chemistry High 12042327
2015 Nucleolin directly activates CD133 transcription via specific interaction with the tissue-dependent CD133 promoter P1, thereby controlling surface AC133 expression on CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells; nucleolin also elevates active β-catenin, active Akt, and Bcl-2 levels in a partially β-catenin-dependent manner in these cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (nucleolin-P1 promoter interaction), promoter reporter assays, siRNA knockdown, flow cytometry, colony-forming unit assays, long-term culture-initiating cell assays Leukemia High 26183533
2018 Prominin-1 (CD133) overexpression increases the number and alters the morphology of microvilli (branched, knob-like) through interaction with PI3K and Arp2/3 complex; mutation of tyrosine 828 impairs phosphorylation of prominin-1 and abolishes these interactions and microvillar phenotypes; ganglioside-binding site mutations stimulate branched microvilli, indicating a prominin-1–ganglioside–PI3K–Arp2/3 regulatory axis for microvillar architecture. High-resolution light and electron microscopy of MDCK cells overexpressing wild-type and mutant prominin-1; co-immunoprecipitation with PI3K and Arp2/3; site-directed mutagenesis (Y828 and ganglioside-binding site); siRNA knockdown in primary hematopoietic stem cells Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) High 30328220
2019 Pericentrosomal/recycling-endosomal CD133 captures GABARAP (an autophagy initiator) and inhibits GABARAP-mediated ULK1 activation, thereby suppressing autophagy initiation; when Src family kinase activity is weak, CD133 interacts with HDAC6 and is transported to the pericentrosomal region via the dynein-based trafficking system; pericentrosomal CD133 thus suppresses primary cilium formation and neurite outgrowth by inhibiting autophagy. Co-immunoprecipitation (CD133–HDAC6, CD133–GABARAP), subcellular fractionation/confocal imaging, dynein inhibition, Src kinase manipulation, ULK1 phosphorylation assays, primary cilium and neurite outgrowth phenotypic assays Scientific reports High 30783186
2018 CD133 forms a complex with E-cadherin and β-catenin (shown by immunoprecipitation), and CD133 knockdown reduces β-catenin levels and TCF/LEF promoter activation, indicating that CD133 acts as a permissive factor for Wnt/β-catenin signaling by preventing β-catenin degradation in the cytoplasm; loss of CD133 impairs renal tubular cell proliferation after cisplatin injury and promotes cellular senescence. Co-immunoprecipitation (CD133–E-cadherin–β-catenin complex), siRNA knockdown, TCF/LEF luciferase reporter assay, Wnt pathway activation assays, RNA sequencing, nephroshere generation, senescence assays Stem cells translational medicine High 29431914
2020 Prom1 interacts with the type I TGF-β receptor ALK4, and they synergistically induce phosphorylation of Smad2; Prom1 overexpression downregulates cholesterol metabolism genes and reduces cellular cholesterol in a Smad-pathway-dependent manner, promoting axon regeneration; genetic deletion of Prom1 in mice inhibits axon regeneration in DRG cultures and in the sciatic nerve. Co-immunoprecipitation (Prom1–ALK4), Smad2 phosphorylation assays, Prom1 knockout mice, AAV-mediated overexpression in DRG neurons and in vivo sciatic nerve model, cholesterol assays, gene expression profiling Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 32554499
2013 CD133 silencing by lentiviral shRNA in patient-derived GBM neurospheres impairs self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity; CD133 undergoes interconversion between cytoplasmic and plasma-membrane localizations in neurosphere cells (not a strict hierarchy between CD133+ and CD133− cells). Lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown, neurosphere self-renewal assays, xenograft tumor formation, immunofluorescence subcellular localization Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) Medium 23307586
2010 CD133 suppresses neuroblastoma cell differentiation (neurite extension and differentiation marker expression) and this suppression is mechanistically dependent on p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways; CD133 suppresses RET tyrosine kinase transcription, and RET overexpression rescues CD133-mediated inhibition of neurite elongation, placing CD133 upstream of RET in a differentiation-regulatory axis. CD133 overexpression/knockdown in NB cell lines and primary tumor spheres, pathway inhibitor experiments (p38MAPK, PI3K/Akt), RET rescue experiments, gene expression analysis, colony formation and xenograft assays Oncogene Medium 20818439
2018 CD133 expression increases IL-1β expression and its downstream chemokines CCL3, CXCL3, and CXCL5 in glioma cells, leading to increased neutrophil recruitment in vitro and in vivo; this places CD133 upstream of IL-1β signaling in modulation of the glioma tumor microenvironment. Forced CD133 expression in U87MG glioma cells, trans-well neutrophil recruitment assays, in vivo xenograft assays, gene expression analysis, correlation analysis in patient malignant glioma data Molecules and cells Medium 28736425
2018 CD133 regulates RhoA and Rac1 GTPase activities to control microvesicle (MV) budding from the plasma membrane; EGF-induced NF-κB activation upregulates CD133 expression, which then modulates MV release; CD133-containing MVs from KRAS-mutant colon cancer cells deliver mutant KRAS to adjacent cells, activating KRAS downstream signaling and conferring chemoresistance to anti-EGFR drugs. siRNA knockdown and overexpression of CD133, nanoparticle tracking analysis of MV size and number, GTPase activity assays (RhoA, Rac1), KRAS oncoprotein transfer experiments, proliferation/motility assays with anti-EGFR drugs FASEB journal Medium 30521383
2008 CD133 transcription is controlled by both promoter CpG island methylation and histone modifications; CD133+ ovarian cancer cells maintain a hypomethylated promoter state, whereas CD133− progeny show increased promoter methylation; treatment with DNA methyltransferase and HDAC inhibitors synergistically restores CD133 surface expression in CD133− cells. Bisulfite sequencing, ChIP for histone marks, flow cytometry after epigenetic drug treatment, cell sorting, xenograft assays Oncogene Medium 18836486
2008 Promoter CpG island DNA methylation heterogeneously controls CD133 expression within individual colon cancer and glioblastoma cell lines; differential histone modification marks (active vs. repressed) accompany DNA methylation changes; this promoter methylation signature is tumor-specific and absent from normal brain and colon. Bisulfite sequencing, ChIP for histone marks, FACS-sorted CD133+/− cell populations, comparative methylation analysis of tumors vs. normal tissue Cancer research Medium 18829568
2008 DNA hypomethylation of the CD133 P1, P2, and P3 proximal promoters is an important determinant of CD133 expression in glioblastomas; P1 region (flanking exon 1A) shows highest promoter activity and is inactivated by in vitro methylation; treatment with 5-azacytidine and/or valproic acid restores CD133 mRNA in glioma cells. Bisulfite sequencing, promoter-reporter luciferase assays with in vitro methylation, 5-azacytidine and valproic acid treatments, RT-PCR Cell research Medium 18679414
2013 CD133 is associated with cholesterol-binding activity and is selectively concentrated in cholesterol-rich plasma membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) within membrane protrusions. Biochemical fractionation and cholesterol interaction studies described in review context, supported by prior experimental data in cited literature Advances in experimental medicine and biology Low 23161072
2015 An intronic 10 bp deletion in PROM1 intron 21 disrupts an SRSF2 splicing factor recognition site and causes complete exon 22 skipping in vitro, leading to a frameshift and premature termination codon, establishing intronic splicing mutations as a mechanism for PROM1 loss-of-function in cone-rod dystrophy. Minigene splicing reporter assay, bioinformatic SRSF2 binding site prediction, homozygosity mapping, direct sequencing Molecular vision Medium 26702251
2015 A deep intronic variant in PROM1 intron 18 activates a pseudoexon through altered splicing, leading to a premature termination codon and functional null allele, causing autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy; this was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and minigene splicing reporter assays. Whole-genome sequencing, minigene splicing reporter (in silico + in vitro functional analysis), homozygosity mapping European journal of human genetics : EJHG Medium 26153215
2018 The c.C1902G (p.Y634X) nonsense mutation in PROM1 results in a truncated, labile, and mislocalized protein as shown by confocal microscopy of transfected cells, while a splice-site mutation (c.C1682+3A>G) disrupts mRNA splicing as shown by bridge-PCR; both mutations underlie hereditary macular and rod-cone dystrophy. Whole exome sequencing, transient transfection of mutant PROM1 constructs in cultured cells, confocal microscopy for protein localization, bridge-PCR for splice analysis Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology Medium 30588538

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34(+) cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors. Blood 1789 10648408
1997 AC133, a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood 1401 9389720
2000 In vitro differentiation of endothelial cells from AC133-positive progenitor cells. Blood 781 10807776
2008 CD133 negative glioma cells form tumors in nude rats and give rise to CD133 positive cells. International journal of cancer 438 17955491
2000 The human AC133 hematopoietic stem cell antigen is also expressed in epithelial cells and targeted to plasma membrane protrusions. The Journal of biological chemistry 354 10681530
2008 Epigenetic regulation of CD133 and tumorigenicity of CD133+ ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene 345 18836486
2005 AC133/CD133/Prominin-1. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 303 15694831
2018 The role of CD133 in cancer: a concise review. Clinical and translational medicine 299 29984391
2004 Human circulating AC133(+) stem cells restore dystrophin expression and ameliorate function in dystrophic skeletal muscle. The Journal of clinical investigation 282 15254585
2013 CD133: a stem cell biomarker and beyond. Experimental hematology & oncology 243 23815814
2013 CD133 is essential for glioblastoma stem cell maintenance. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 200 23307586
2018 CD133: beyond a cancer stem cell biomarker. Journal of drug targeting 178 29911902
2020 The Rational Development of CD133-Targeting Immunotherapies for Glioblastoma. Cell stem cell 153 32464096
2018 iNOS promotes CD24+CD133+ liver cancer stem cell phenotype through a TACE/ADAM17-dependent Notch signaling pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 135 30297396
2002 AC133-2, a novel isoform of human AC133 stem cell antigen. The Journal of biological chemistry 131 12042327
2008 Abnormal DNA methylation of CD133 in colorectal and glioblastoma tumors. Cancer research 123 18829568
2013 CD133: to be or not to be, is this the real question? American journal of translational research 107 24093054
2010 CD133 suppresses neuroblastoma cell differentiation via signal pathway modification. Oncogene 107 20818439
2017 Potential mechanisms of CD133 in cancer stem cells. Life sciences 101 28697984
2015 Active glycolytic metabolism in CD133(+) hepatocellular cancer stem cells: regulation by MIR-122. Oncotarget 95 26506419
2008 Promoter hypomethylation regulates CD133 expression in human gliomas. Cell research 87 18679414
2020 Exosomes from CD133+ cells carrying circ-ABCC1 mediate cell stemness and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Journal of cellular biochemistry 85 31960989
2016 CD133, Selectively Targeting the Root of Cancer. Toxins 80 27240402
2015 Coexpression analysis of CD133 and CD44 identifies proneural and mesenchymal subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 79 25749043
2012 Biology and clinical implications of CD133(+) liver cancer stem cells. Experimental cell research 77 22999864
2014 Cell-surface Vimentin: A mislocalized protein for isolating csVimentin(+) CD133(-) novel stem-like hepatocellular carcinoma cells expressing EMT markers. International journal of cancer 71 25487874
2016 Notch1-MAPK Signaling Axis Regulates CD133+ Cancer Stem Cell-Mediated Melanoma Growth and Angiogenesis. The Journal of investigative dermatology 68 27476721
2009 Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa with early macular affectation caused by premature truncation in PROM1. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 67 20042663
2009 Cone-rod dystrophy and a frameshift mutation in the PROM1 gene. Molecular vision 64 19718270
2009 Expression of CD133, PAX2, ESA, and GPR30 in invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Chinese medical journal 63 19951611
2008 Presence of pluripotent CD133+ cells correlates with malignancy of gliomas. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 63 18761091
2010 Differential role of CD133 and CXCR4 in renal cell carcinoma. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 59 21127401
2019 Clinical and Molecular Characterization of PROM1-Related Retinal Degeneration. JAMA network open 55 31199449
2015 Light-controlled endosomal escape of the novel CD133-targeting immunotoxin AC133-saporin by photochemical internalization - A minimally invasive cancer stem cell-targeting strategy. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 55 25758331
2011 Insight into the complex regulation of CD133 in glioma. International journal of cancer 55 20853315
2018 Role of CD133 Molecule in Wnt Response and Renal Repair. Stem cells translational medicine 50 29431914
2012 CD133 silencing inhibits stemness properties and enhances chemoradiosensitivity in CD133-positive liver cancer stem cells. International journal of molecular medicine 49 23233126
2020 A Novel Function for KLF4 in Modulating the De-differentiation of EpCAM-/CD133- nonStem Cells into EpCAM+/CD133+ Liver Cancer Stem Cells in HCC Cell Line HuH7. Cells 48 32408542
2013 Co-expression of CD133(+)/CD44(+) in human colon cancer and liver metastasis. Journal of cellular physiology 48 22740326
2013 Prominin-1 (CD133): Molecular and Cellular Features Across Species. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 47 23161072
2000 In vitro proliferation potential of AC133 positive cells in peripheral blood. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 46 10840073
2011 Upregulated CD133 expression in tumorigenesis of colon cancer cells. World journal of gastroenterology 42 21412503
2017 Genetic identification and molecular modeling characterization reveal a novel PROM1 mutation in Stargardt4-like macular dystrophy. Oncotarget 40 29416601
2001 CD133 (AC133) expression on AML cells and progenitors. Cytotherapy 39 11953029
2020 The stem cell marker Prom1 promotes axon regeneration by down-regulating cholesterol synthesis via Smad signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 38 32554499
2011 Development and characterization of immuno-nanocarriers targeting the cancer stem cell marker AC133. International journal of pharmaceutics 38 21683129
2023 Curcumin Induces Ferroptosis in A549 CD133+ Cells through the GSH-GPX4 and FSP1-CoQ10-NAPH Pathways. Discovery medicine 37 37272092
2013 Significance of CD133 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World journal of surgical oncology 37 23448401
2002 AC133+ umbilical cord blood progenitors demonstrate rapid self-renewal and low apoptosis. British journal of haematology 37 12406095
2018 Prominin-1 (CD133) modulates the architecture and dynamics of microvilli. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) 36 30328220
2010 CD133(+) cells isolated from various sources and their role in future clinical perspectives. Expert opinion on biological therapy 36 20932225
2021 The role of CD133 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer biology & therapy 35 33899676
2016 MiR-139-5p reverses CD44+/CD133+-associated multidrug resistance by downregulating NOTCH1 in colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 35 27738333
2015 Clinical and biological significance of stem-like CD133(+)CXCR4(+) cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 35 26092504
2014 Mir-152 inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation of CD133(+) liver cancer stem cells by targeting KIT. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 35 25311946
2021 The combination effect of Prominin1 (CD133) suppression and Oxaliplatin treatment in colorectal cancer therapy. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 34 33592546
2020 A Novel CD133- and EpCAM-Targeted Liposome With Redox-Responsive Properties Capable of Synergistically Eliminating Liver Cancer Stem Cells. Frontiers in chemistry 34 32850663
2015 Chemoresistance of CD133(+) colon cancer may be related with increased survivin expression. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 34 26002465
2015 Residential Proximity to Major Roadways Is Associated With Increased Levels of AC133+ Circulating Angiogenic Cells. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 34 26293462
2004 Lysophosphatidic acid induces clonal generation of mouse neurospheres via proliferation of Sca-1- and AC133-positive neural progenitors. Stem cells and development 34 15684836
2013 Immunotoxin targeting CD133(+) breast carcinoma cells. Drug delivery and translational research 32 25787984
2018 Roles of CD133 in microvesicle formation and oncoprotein trafficking in colon cancer. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 31 30521383
2013 A bispecific EpCAM/CD133-targeted toxin is effective against carcinoma. Targeted oncology 31 23900680
2011 CD133, Stem Cells, and Cancer Stem Cells: Myth or Reality? Current colorectal cancer reports 31 22131911
2000 Flow cytometric and functional characterization of AC133+ cells from human umbilical cord blood. British journal of haematology 31 10792285
2018 Gliomasphere marker combinatorics: multidimensional flow cytometry detects CD44+/CD133+/ITGA6+/CD36+ signature. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 30 30467961
2015 Homozygosity mapping and whole-genome sequencing reveals a deep intronic PROM1 mutation causing cone-rod dystrophy by pseudoexon activation. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 30 26153215
2017 CD133 Regulates IL-1β Signaling and Neutrophil Recruitment in Glioblastoma. Molecules and cells 29 28736425
2015 Expression of CD133 and CD117 in 64 Serous Ovarian Cancer Cases. Collegium antropologicum 29 26898076
2018 MiR-29a-Mediated CD133 Expression Contributes to Cisplatin Resistance in CD133+ Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 28 30267383
2018 CD133 Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Literature Review. Cureus 27 30555755
2017 Inhibition of Midkine Suppresses Prostate Cancer CD133+ Stem Cell Growth and Migration. The American journal of the medical sciences 27 28918838
2014 Prom1 function in development, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal tumorigenesis. Frontiers in oncology 27 25452936
2012 CD133 as a marker for regulation and potential for targeted therapies in glioblastoma multiforme. Neurosurgery clinics of North America 27 22748652
2015 An intronic deletion in the PROM1 gene leads to autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy. Molecular vision 26 26702251
2019 Expanded Phenotypic Spectrum of Retinopathies Associated with Autosomal Recessive and Dominant Mutations in PROM1. American journal of ophthalmology 25 31129250
2010 Extended extraocular phenotype of PROM1 mutation in kindreds with known autosomal dominant macular dystrophy. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 25 20859302
2015 Control of AC133/CD133 and impact on human hematopoietic progenitor cells through nucleolin. Leukemia 24 26183533
2018 Targeting Notch1 and IKKα Enhanced NF-κB Activation in CD133+ Skin Cancer Stem Cells. Molecular cancer therapeutics 23 29959199
2017 Expression of CD133 in endometrial cancer cells and its implications. Journal of Cancer 23 28819416
2015 Minnelide effectively eliminates CD133(+) side population in pancreatic cancer. Molecular cancer 23 26597727
2015 High expression of miR-9 in CD133+ glioblastoma cells in chemoresistance to temozolomide. Journal of cancer stem cell research 23 27347493
2014 The CD133+ cell as advanced medicinal product for myocardial and limb ischemia. Stem cells and development 23 25014242
2015 Detection of CD133 expression in U87 glioblastoma cells using a novel anti-CD133 monoclonal antibody. Oncology letters 22 26137114
2013 Prominin-1 (CD133) Expression in the Prostate and Prostate Cancer: A Marker for Quiescent Stem Cells. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 22 23161082
2018 Identification of novel PROM1 mutations responsible for autosomal recessive maculopathy with rod-cone dystrophy. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 21 30588538
2010 MAPC transplantation confers a more durable benefit than AC133+ cell transplantation in severe hind limb ischemia. Cell transplantation 21 20719064
2009 AC133+ progenitor cells as gene delivery vehicle and cellular probe in subcutaneous tumor models: a preliminary study. BMC biotechnology 21 19327159
2006 Transcriptional profiling reflects shared and unique characters for CD34+ and CD133+ cells. Stem cells and development 21 17253947
2022 Single-cell sequencing reveals CD133+CD44--originating evolution and novel stemness related variants in human colorectal cancer. EBioMedicine 20 35785618
2019 Recycling endosomal CD133 functions as an inhibitor of autophagy at the pericentrosomal region. Scientific reports 20 30783186
2019 Angiogenic Potential of Bone Marrow Derived CD133+ and CD271+ Intramyocardial Stem Cell Trans- Plantation Post MI. Cells 20 31892273
2013 Isolation, identification and expression of specific human CD133 antibodies. Scientific reports 20 24271022
2019 Elevated Inflammatory Parameter Levels Negatively Impact Populations of Circulating Stem Cells (CD133+), Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells (CD133+/VEGFR2+), and Fibroblast Growth Factor in Stroke Patients. Current neurovascular research 19 30706812
2015 Prominin-1 (CD133, AC133) and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26) are indicators of infinitive growth in colon cancer cells. American journal of cancer research 19 25973297
2020 Inhibition of NOTCH signaling pathway chemosensitizes HCC CD133+ cells to vincristine and 5-fluorouracil through upregulation of BBC3. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 18 32173531
2019 Modification of the PROM1 disease phenotype by a mutation in ABCA4. Ophthalmic genetics 18 31576780
2019 Exploitation of CD133 for the Targeted Imaging of Lethal Prostate Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 18 31732520
2018 Ultrasound microbubbles mediated miR-let-7b delivery into CD133+ ovarian cancer stem cells. Bioscience reports 18 30126854
2009 Detection of CD133, Bmi-1, and ABCG2 in ameloblastic tumors. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 18 19659474