Affinage

PREX1

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein · UniProt Q8TCU6

Length
1659 aa
Mass
186.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
89 papers in source corpus 46 papers cited in narrative 46 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PREX1 encodes P-Rex1, a multidomain Rac guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that functions as a coincidence detector for PIP3 and Gβγ signaling, integrating PI3K and GPCR inputs to activate Rac GTPases and drive neutrophil chemotaxis, ROS production, cell migration, and metastasis (PMID:11955434, PMID:16243035, PMID:22109529). Structural studies reveal that P-Rex1 is held in an autoinhibited conformation wherein the PH domain occludes the DH catalytic site, stabilized by DEP1–DH and PH–4HB interactions; PIP3 binding to the PH domain and Gβγ engagement of a composite DEP–PDZ–IP4P surface relieve this autoinhibition, while PKA phosphorylation of Ser436 in DEP1 impairs membrane association and PP1α-mediated dephosphorylation of Ser1165 activates GEF output (PMID:39082940, PMID:31663027, PMID:26797121, PMID:22242915). Beyond its catalytic role activating Rac1, Rac2, and RhoG in neutrophils, neurons, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and cancer cells (PMID:24659802, PMID:26621702, PMID:22002247), P-Rex1 performs GEF-independent adaptor functions: it directly binds GRK2 to limit GPCR internalization, controls hepatocyte Gpr21 trafficking and glucose metabolism, and mediates Fc receptor–dependent phagocytosis independently of its catalytic activity (PMID:41100251, PMID:41046518, PMID:41098722).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2002 High

    The discovery of P-Rex1 as a Rac-GEF synergistically activated by PIP3 and Gβγ established the concept of a coincidence detector linking PI3K and heterotrimeric G protein signaling to Rac activation in neutrophils.

    Evidence Biochemical purification from neutrophil cytosol with reconstituted in vitro GEF assays

    PMID:11955434

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for synergistic activation unknown
    • Substrate specificity among Rac isoforms untested
    • In vivo relevance unconfirmed
  2. 2005 High

    Genetic knockout and Gβγ subunit specificity studies established that P-Rex1 preferentially activates Rac2 in neutrophils, is essential for GPCR-driven ROS and chemotaxis in vivo, and is regulated by specific Gβ1–4 subunits and inhibitory PKA phosphorylation.

    Evidence P-Rex1 KO mouse neutrophils, in vitro GEF assays with a panel of Gβγ combinations, PKA phosphorylation kinetics

    PMID:16243035 PMID:16243036 PMID:16301320 PMID:16301321

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphorylation sites responsible for PKA inhibition unidentified
    • Domain requirements for Gβγ binding unknown
    • Roles beyond neutrophils unexplored
  3. 2007 High

    Demonstration that PIP3 and Gβγ synergistically drive P-Rex1 membrane translocation via the DH/PH tandem, and that endogenous P-Rex1 localizes to the neutrophil leading edge, connected the biochemical activation mechanism to spatial regulation during chemotaxis.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation of Sf9 cells with domain mutants; immunofluorescence of polarized human neutrophils

    PMID:17227822 PMID:17698854

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular contacts between P-Rex1 and the membrane undefined
    • Role of C-terminal domains in translocation unclear
  4. 2008 Medium

    Identification of intramolecular interactions between the DEP2/PDZ1 and IP4P domains, and their disruption by PKA phosphorylation, revealed the first intramolecular regulatory mechanism controlling Gβγ responsiveness.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation of truncated P-Rex1 fragments, alanine mutagenesis, in vitro GEF assay

    PMID:18514484

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific PKA site(s) mediating the effect unidentified
    • No structural model of the full-length autoinhibited state
  5. 2009 High

    Extension of P-Rex1 function beyond innate immunity to neuronal morphogenesis (neurite outgrowth via Rac3), endothelial CXCR4/SDF-1 signaling, and prostate cancer metastasis broadened the biological scope of this GEF.

    Evidence GEF-dead mutant analysis in PC12 cells/hippocampal neurons; siRNA in endothelial cells; xenograft metastasis model with GEF-dead rescue

    PMID:18697831 PMID:19305425 PMID:20018810

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether P-Rex1 activates Rac3 directly in vitro not tested
    • Role in human tumor progression not validated clinically
  6. 2010 High

    Convergent ErbB receptor and Gβγ/PI3Kγ signaling through P-Rex1/Rac1 was shown to drive breast cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis, while compound P-Rex1/Vav1 KO established functional synergy between major Rac-GEF families in neutrophils.

    Evidence siRNA, dominant-negative PI3Kγ, CXCR4 epistasis in breast cancer cells; compound P-Rex1/Vav1 KO mouse neutrophils

    PMID:21042280 PMID:21172654 PMID:21178006

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical interaction between ErbB receptors and P-Rex1 not shown
    • Phosphorylation code for activating versus inhibitory sites incompletely mapped
  7. 2012 High

    PP1α was identified as a direct activator of P-Rex1 via dephosphorylation of Ser1165, acting independently of and additively to PIP3 and Gβγ, establishing a third regulatory input.

    Evidence In vitro GEF assay with purified PP1α, mass spectrometry of dephosphorylation sites, S1165A mutagenesis

    PMID:22242915

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase responsible for Ser1165 phosphorylation not identified
    • In vivo relevance of PP1α-P-Rex1 axis in neutrophils untested at this point
  8. 2014 High

    Discovery that P-Rex1 directly activates RhoG, which in turn recruits DOCK2 to amplify Rac signaling, revealed a GTPase relay (P-Rex1→RhoG→DOCK2→Rac) controlling NADPH oxidase activity and leading-edge polarity.

    Evidence In vitro GEF assay for RhoG; P-Rex1 and RhoG KO neutrophils; DOCK2 localization by immunofluorescence

    PMID:24659802

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of RhoG recognition by P-Rex1 unknown
    • Whether this relay operates in non-neutrophil contexts untested
  9. 2015 High

    Crystal structure of the DH-PH/Rac1 complex at 1.95 Å showed that PIP3/Gβγ binding surfaces are on the opposite face from the Rac1 interface, supporting a model where activator binding relieves C-terminal domain occlusion of the active site.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, interface mutagenesis with functional signaling readouts

    PMID:26112412

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length autoinhibited structure not yet available
    • Mechanism of C-terminal domain relief still inferential
  10. 2015 Medium

    P-Rex1 was placed in a PP1α→P-Rex1→Rac1 pathway controlling AMPA receptor endocytosis and LTD in hippocampal CA1 neurons, and P-Rex1 deletion caused autism-like social behavior in mice.

    Evidence P-Rex1 KO and shRNA in CA1, electrophysiology, AMPA receptor endocytosis assay, behavioral testing

    PMID:26621702

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Rac2 or RhoG participates in neuronal context unknown
    • Behavioral phenotype assessed in single lab
  11. 2016 High

    Multiple regulatory phosphorylation inputs were mapped: PKA targets Ser436 in DEP1 to impair membrane binding, PKCδ targets Ser313 for inhibition, and a PAK-mediated negative feedback loop reduces PIP3 binding; meanwhile Norbin was identified as a direct PH-domain-binding activator promoting membrane translocation.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro GEF assays, endogenous Co-IP, PAK inhibitor studies, purified Norbin binding and GEF assay

    PMID:26792863 PMID:26797121 PMID:27481946 PMID:27788493

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contributions of each phosphosite in vivo unknown
    • Norbin-P-Rex1 structure not determined
  12. 2019 High

    Cryo-EM structure of the P-Rex1–Gβγ complex at 3.2 Å revealed that the C-terminal IP4P-like domain, DEP, and two PDZ domains form an extensive composite Gβγ docking site, and HDX-MS showed that Gβγ binding induces allosteric conformational changes propagated to the catalytic domain.

    Evidence Cryo-EM, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, functional GEF assays

    PMID:31663027

    Open questions at the time
    • PIP3-bound activation structure not captured
    • Dynamics of autoinhibition release not resolved temporally
  13. 2020 High

    The DEP1 domain crystal structure and liposome binding experiments showed that PKA phosphorylation of DEP1 impairs membrane association rather than directly modulating catalytic activity, redefining the PKA inhibitory mechanism as membrane-targeting disruption.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of DEP1, liposome binding assay, in vitro GEF assay of DH/PH-DEP1 fragments

    PMID:32661198

    Open questions at the time
    • Effect in the context of full-length membrane-bound P-Rex1 not tested structurally
  14. 2024 High

    The cryo-EM structure of autoinhibited P-Rex1 bound to IP4 revealed that the PH domain occludes the DH active site, stabilized by DEP1–DH and PH–4HB contacts; disruption of these interfaces activated P-Rex1 in cells and PIP3-containing liposomes broke these contacts, providing the complete autoinhibition-to-activation mechanism.

    Evidence Cryo-EM at 3.2 Å, HDX-MS, interface mutagenesis validated by cell migration assay and liposome binding

    PMID:39082940

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of fully PIP3/Gβγ-activated membrane-bound P-Rex1 not captured
    • How IP4 stabilizes vs. merely marks the autoinhibited state unclear
  15. 2025 High

    Catalytically inactive Prex1 knock-in mice revealed that P-Rex1 performs GEF-independent adaptor functions: it limits GPCR internalization by binding and blocking GRK2, controls hepatocyte glucose metabolism and Gpr21 trafficking, and mediates Fc receptor-dependent phagocytosis — all independent of Rac exchange activity.

    Evidence Catalytically dead Prex1GD knock-in and Prex1 KO mice, GPCR internalization assays across multiple receptors, in vitro GRK2 binding, phagocytosis and bactericidal assays

    PMID:41046518 PMID:41098722 PMID:41100251

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of GRK2 interaction unknown
    • Whether adaptor functions require specific domain contacts beyond PDZ/DEP/IP4P not mapped
    • Relative physiological importance of GEF vs. adaptor functions in vivo unquantified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A full structural picture of P-Rex1 activation on the membrane — capturing simultaneous PIP3, Gβγ, and Norbin engagement in the context of the lipid bilayer — remains unresolved, as does the in vivo phosphorylation code integrating PKA, PKC, PAK, and PP1α inputs.
  • No structure of fully activated membrane-bound P-Rex1
  • Quantitative integration of multiple phosphorylation inputs in vivo unknown
  • Physiological contexts requiring GEF-independent adaptor functions versus catalytic functions incompletely delineated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005829 cytosol 3
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 4
Partners
GNB1GNG2GRK2MTORNCDNNRBP1PPP1CAPRKAR1A

Evidence

Reading pass · 46 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 P-Rex1 is a 185 kDa guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac that is directly, substantially, and synergistically activated by PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and Gβγ subunits both in vitro and in vivo; it was purified from neutrophil cytosol and functions as a coincidence detector in PIP3 and Gβγ signaling pathways downstream of heterotrimeric G proteins. Biochemical purification from neutrophil cytosol, in vitro GEF assay, antisense oligonucleotide knockdown, recombinant protein expression Cell High 11955434
2005 PKA phosphorylates P-Rex1, inhibiting its PIP3- and Gβγ-stimulated GEF activity; Gβγ is 47-fold less potent in activating phosphorylated versus dephosphorylated P-Rex1, and PKA activation in HEK293T cells reduces GTP-bound Rac levels. In vitro GEF assay with purified proteins, 32P-labeling in HEK293T cells, pharmacological activation of PKA The Journal of biological chemistry High 16301320
2005 P-Rex1 acts as a primary GEF for Rac2 (but not Rac1) in mouse neutrophils; P-Rex1 shows higher affinity for dominant-negative Rac2(S17N) than Rac1(S17N) by co-immunoprecipitation; P-Rex1 knockout impairs fMLP-induced Rac2 activation, F-actin formation, superoxide production, and chemotaxis. P-Rex1 knockout mouse, co-immunoprecipitation with Rac2(S17N) vs. Rac1(S17N), Rac activation assay, chemotaxis assay Current biology : CB High 16243036
2005 P-Rex1 knockout mice display impaired GPCR-dependent Rac2 activation, absent LPS-primed ROS formation, and defective recruitment of neutrophils to inflammatory sites, establishing P-Rex1 as a key regulator of a subset of Rac-dependent neutrophil responses downstream of GPCRs. P-Rex1 knockout mouse, Rac activation assay, ROS measurement, in vivo inflammatory recruitment assay, chemotaxis assay Current biology : CB High 16243035
2005 Gβγ dimers composed of Gβ1–4 (but not Gβ5) paired with γ2 activate P-Rex1; the farnesylated γ11 subunit and Gβ1γ12 are less effective activators; Gα subunits (Gs, Gi, Gq, G12, G13) activated by AlF4- cannot activate P-Rex1, demonstrating subunit-specific regulation. In vitro GEF assay with purified recombinant G protein subunits reconstituted in synthetic lipid vesicles The Journal of biological chemistry High 16301321
2007 Membrane translocation of P-Rex1 requires both Gβγ and PI3K (PIP3) synergistically; neither alone causes significant translocation. The DH/PH domain tandem is sufficient for this synergistic membrane localization, GEF activity is not required for translocation, and membrane-derived P-Rex1 has higher basal GEF activity than cytosol-derived P-Rex1. Subcellular fractionation of Sf9 cells co-expressing P-Rex1 with Gβγ and/or PI3K; P-Rex1 domain mutant analysis; in vitro Rac2-GEF activity assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 17698854
2007 P-Rex1 and P-Rex2 interact with mTOR through their tandem DEP domains; P-Rex1 associates with both mTORC1 and mTORC2 but is only active in the mTORC2 complex; dominant-negative P-Rex1 and shRNA knockdown reduce mTOR/mTORC2-dependent Rac activation and cell migration. Co-immunoprecipitation, dominant-negative constructs, shRNA knockdown, Rac activation assay, cell migration assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 17565979
2007 Endogenous P-Rex1 translocates from cytoplasm to the leading edge of polarized human neutrophils in a Gβγ- and PIP3-dependent manner upon chemoattractant stimulation, where it co-localizes with F-actin and Rac2; PKA activation inhibits P-Rex1 translocation. Immunofluorescence microscopy of human neutrophils, pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K and Gβγ, PKA activation Journal of leukocyte biology Medium 17227822
2008 The second DEP and first PDZ domains of P-Rex1 associate with its IP4P domain; this domain-domain interaction is essential for Gβγ-induced activation and PKA-induced inhibition. PKA phosphorylation prevents domain-domain interaction and Gβγ binding, revealing an intramolecular regulatory mechanism. Immunoprecipitation of truncated P-Rex1 mutants, in vitro GEF assay, PAK1/2 phosphorylation assay, alanine-substitution mutagenesis Cellular signalling Medium 18514484
2008 P-Rex1 localizes to the distal tips of developing neurites and axonal growth cones in PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons; P-Rex1 activates Rac3 in neuronal cells; P-Rex1 expression inhibits NGF-stimulated neurite differentiation through its GEF activity, while P-Rex1 knockdown promotes neurite hyper-elongation with decreased F-actin at the growth cone. Immunofluorescence in PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons, GEF-dead mutant analysis, RNAi knockdown, cytochalasin D rescue, Rac3 GTPase activity assay Journal of cell science Medium 18697831
2009 P-Rex1 is required for SDF-1/CXCL12-stimulated Rac activation, endothelial cell migration, and in vitro angiogenesis via the CXCR4/Gβγ/PI3K pathway; P-Rex1 knockdown does not affect VEGF-mediated responses, demonstrating pathway-specific GEF function. siRNA knockdown, Rac activation assay, cell migration assay, in vitro tube formation assay Molecular pharmacology Medium 20018810
2009 Silencing P-Rex1 in metastatic prostate cancer PC-3 cells inhibits Rac activity and reduces cell migration and invasion; expression of recombinant P-Rex1 (but not its GEF-dead mutant) in non-metastatic CWR22Rv1 cells promotes Rac-dependent lamellipodia formation and lymph node metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. siRNA knockdown, GEF-dead mutant rescue, Rac activation assay, xenograft mouse model, lamellipodia imaging Oncogene High 19305425
2010 P-Rex1 is activated downstream of ErbB receptors by dephosphorylation of inhibitory residues and phosphorylation of activating residues; the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle regulates Rac activation, and P-Rex1 knockdown impairs breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenic potential. Phosphorylation site mutagenesis, siRNA knockdown, Rac activation assay, cell migration and invasion assay, in vivo tumorigenesis assay Oncogene Medium 21042280
2010 P-Rex1 is an essential mediator of ErbB receptor-driven Rac1 activation, cell motility, and tumorigenesis in breast cancer cells; its activation requires convergent inputs from ErbB receptors and a Gβγ/PI3Kγ-dependent pathway; CXCR4 is identified as a crucial co-activator of P-Rex1/Rac1 in response to ErbB ligands. siRNA knockdown, dominant-negative PI3Kγ, Rac1 activation assay, cell migration and invasion assay, in vivo tumor xenograft Molecular cell High 21172654
2010 P-Rex1 and Vav1 synergistically control fMLF-stimulated ROS formation, adhesion, chemotaxis, and Rac1/Rac2 activation in neutrophils; combined P-Rex1/Vav1 deficiency causes greater impairment than loss of either GEF family alone, establishing P-Rex1 and Vav1 as the major fMLFR-dependent Rac-GEFs in neutrophils. Compound knockout mouse (P-Rex1−/− and Vav1−/−), Rac activation assay, ROS measurement, chemotaxis and adhesion assays Journal of immunology High 21178006
2011 P-Rex1 loss in mice causes a melanoblast migration defect and P-Rex1−/− mice crossed to a melanoma model are resistant to metastasis; mechanistically, P-Rex1 drives invasion in a Rac-dependent manner. P-Rex1 knockout mouse, melanoma mouse model cross, invasion assay, Rac activation assay Nature communications High 22109529
2011 P-Rex1 promotes GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane in adipocytes via PI3K- and Rac1-dependent actin remodeling and membrane ruffle formation; GEF activity is required and neither Cdc42 nor Rho substitutes. P-Rex1 overexpression and siRNA knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GLUT4 trafficking assay, membrane ruffling imaging, dominant-negative Rac1, cytochalasin D treatment The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 22002247
2011 P-Rex1 is expressed in platelets and associates with Rac1 by co-immunoprecipitation, but P-Rex1−/− platelets respond normally to platelet agonists and activating surfaces, indicating P-Rex1 is not required for Rac1-mediated platelet activation. Co-immunoprecipitation, P-Rex1 knockout mouse, platelet spreading/aggregation assays Journal of molecular signaling Medium 21884615
2012 PP1α binds P-Rex1 through an RVxF docking motif and directly activates P-Rex1 GEF activity in vitro independently of and additively to PIP3 and Gβγ; mass spectrometry identified Ser834, Ser1001, and Ser1165 as PP1α dephosphorylation sites; Ser1165Ala mutation activates P-Rex1 to a similar extent as PP1α. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro GEF assay with purified proteins, mass spectrometry of phosphorylation sites, site-directed mutagenesis The Biochemical journal High 22242915
2012 In zebrafish, Prex1 is a Nodal transcriptional target required for Nodal-dependent random endodermal cell motility and actin dynamics via Rac1; reducing Rac1 activity caused cells to bypass random migration and aberrantly contribute to mesoderm. Zebrafish transgenic reporter, morpholino knockdown of prex1, Rac1 inhibition, live imaging of actin dynamics The Journal of cell biology Medium 22945937
2013 PI3K inhibition in PIK3CA-mutant and HER2-amplified breast cancers suppresses Rac1/PAK/CRAF/MEK/ERK signaling via P-Rex1; constitutively active Rac1 blocks PI3Ki-induced ERK suppression and apoptosis, and P-Rex1 is the PIP3-dependent GEF mediating this pathway. Constitutively active Rac1 rescue, PI3K inhibitor treatment, ERK phosphorylation assay, apoptosis assay, in vivo tumor models Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 24327733
2013 P-Rex1 and PDGFRβ form a macromolecular complex; P-Rex1 expression drives invasion in a manner dependent on functional PDGFRβ, and siRNA of either P-Rex1 or PDGFRβ reduces invasiveness of WM852 melanoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, 3D invasion assay PloS one Medium 23382862
2014 P-Rex1 directly acts as a GEF for RhoG in vitro and in GPCR-stimulated mouse neutrophils; loss of either P-Rex1 or RhoG causes equivalent reductions in GPCR-driven Rac activation and NADPH oxidase activity; RhoG loss impairs DOCK2 and F-actin recruitment to the leading edge, revealing a P-Rex1→RhoG→DOCK2→Rac hierarchy. In vitro GEF assay for RhoG, P-Rex1 and RhoG knockout neutrophils, DOCK2 localization by immunofluorescence, NADPH oxidase activity assay Journal of cell science High 24659802
2014 P-Rex1 creates a positive feedback loop activating Rac1, PI3K/AKT, and MEK/ERK signaling independently of PTEN, and promotes insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor activation, suggesting P-Rex1 provides positive feedback to upstream PI3K activators. shRNA knockdown, Rac inhibition, P-Rex1 overexpression, phosphoproteomic analysis, PI3K inhibitor treatment in breast cancer cells Oncogene Medium 25284585
2015 The 1.95 Å crystal structure of the P-Rex1 DH-PH domain in complex with Rac1 was determined; mutations at the P-Rex1·Rac1 interface disrupted signaling downstream of RTKs and GPCRs; PIP3/Gβγ binding sites are on the opposite surface from the Rac1 interface, supporting a model where PIP3/Gβγ binding releases inhibitory C-terminal domains to expose the Rac1 binding site. X-ray crystallography (1.95 Å), interface mutagenesis, functional signaling assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 26112412
2015 P-Rex1 is required in the CA1 hippocampus for LTD via a PP1α-P-Rex1-Rac1 signaling pathway that regulates AMPA receptor endocytosis; P-Rex1 deletion or knockdown in CA1 impairs LTD and causes autism-like social behavior in mice. P-Rex1 genetic deletion and shRNA knockdown in CA1, electrophysiology (LTD), AMPA receptor endocytosis assay, behavioral tests Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 26621702
2016 Type I PKA regulatory subunit (RIα) interacts with P-Rex1 via its PDZ domains through the CNB-B domain of RIα; P-Rex1 activation localizes PKA to the cell periphery; PKA phosphorylates P-Rex1 at Ser-436 in its DEP1 domain, which inhibits the DH-PH catalytic cassette by direct interaction; the P-Rex1 S436A mutant shows increased RacGEF activity. Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins, site-directed mutagenesis, RacGEF activity assay, immunofluorescence, cell migration assay with S436A mutant The Journal of biological chemistry High 26797121
2016 PAKs (activated by Rac1 downstream of P-Rex1) phosphorylate P-Rex1 in a negative feedback loop downstream of RTK (neuregulin, IGF1) and GPCR activation, reducing P-Rex1 binding to PIP3 and GEF activity; PAK-mediated phosphorylation onset is delayed compared to AKT phosphorylation. PAK inhibitor treatment, PAK siRNA knockdown, P-Rex1 phosphorylation assays, PIP3-binding assay, GEF activity assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 27481946
2016 Norbin (Neurochondrin/NCDN), a GPCR-adaptor protein, directly binds P-Rex1 via its pleckstrin homology domain; direct interaction with Norbin increases basal, PIP3-, and Gβγ-stimulated P-Rex1 Rac-GEF activity; Norbin co-expression drives P-Rex1 translocation from cytosol to plasma membrane and promotes Rac1 activation and lamellipodia formation. Pulldown from mouse brain fractions, reciprocal Co-IP with purified proteins and in cells, GEF activity assay with purified proteins, PH domain mutagenesis, immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation The Journal of biological chemistry High 26792863
2016 PKC (specifically PKCδ) directly phosphorylates P-Rex1 at Ser313, an inhibitory site that negatively regulates GEF exchange activity; activation of growth factor receptors phosphorylates Ser1169 through a PKC-independent mechanism; these multiple sites are regulated by distinct kinases. Kinase inhibitors, phospho-specific antibodies, PKCδ overexpression, site-directed mutagenesis (S313A), in vitro GEF assay Oncotarget Medium 27788493
2016 ERK/MAPK signaling drives PREX1 overexpression in BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanoma through both increased gene transcription and enhanced protein stability; PREX1-dependent invasion is mediated by RAC1 but not CDC42. ERK inhibitor treatment, siRNA knockdown, invasion assay, Rac1/Cdc42 activation assay, gene transcription analysis Molecular cancer research : MCR Medium 27418645
2018 GTPase-deficient GαqQL and Gα13QL form stable complexes with Gβγ that impair Gβγ interaction with P-Rex1; the N-terminal regions of Gαq and Gα13 are essential for sequestering Gβγ away from P-Rex1; Gβγ and AKT associate with SDF-1-stimulated P-Rex1; this mechanism prioritizes Gαq/Gα13→Rho signaling over Gβγ→P-Rex1→Rac signaling. Pulldown assays with constitutively active Gα mutants, chimeric Gα proteins, co-immunoprecipitation, DREADD-based chemogenetics, P-Rex1 Rac-GEF activity assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 30446620
2018 PKA regulatory subunit RIα directly activates P-Rex1 in vitro and promotes P-Rex1-mediated Rac activation and endothelial cell migration downstream of Gs-coupled EP2 receptors; RIα interacts with P-Rex1 PDZ1 domain via its CNB-B domain; this is distinct from catalytic Cα subunit, which phosphorylates and inhibits P-Rex1. In vitro P-Rex1 GEF assay with purified RIα, P-Rex1 siRNA knockdown, cAMP pulldown assay, cell migration assay, RIα mutant analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 30530493
2018 GRK2 is required for TCR-induced CXCR4 phosphorylation at Ser-339, TCR-CXCR4 complex formation, and subsequent PREX1 membrane recruitment; TCR→GRK2→CXCR4→PI3Kγ→PREX1-Rac1 signaling stabilizes cytokine mRNAs and drives cytokine secretion in T cells. GRK2 siRNA, GRK2 inhibitor (paroxetine), CXCR4-Ser339 mutant analysis, PREX1 membrane recruitment assay, cytokine ELISA The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 30018141
2019 The 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of the P-Rex1-Gβγ complex reveals that the C-terminal half of P-Rex1 adopts a fold similar to Legionella phosphoinositide phosphatases; this domain coalesces with a DEP domain and two PDZ domains to form an extensive Gβγ docking site; HDX-MS shows Gβγ binding induces allosteric changes; membrane localization is required for full activation. Cryo-EM (3.2 Å), hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, functional GEF assays Science advances High 31663027
2020 The DEP1 domain of P-Rex1 autoinhibits GEF activity by interacting with the DH/PH domains in solution; the 3.1 Å crystal structure of DEP1 shows a domain-swap involving an exposed basic loop containing the PKA phosphorylation site; PKA phosphorylation of DEP1 does not affect activity or solution conformation of DH/PH-DEP1 in vitro but inhibits DEP1 binding to phosphatidic acid-containing liposomes, suggesting PKA hampers P-Rex1 membrane binding. X-ray crystallography (3.1 Å), in vitro GEF assay of DH/PH-DEP1 fragments, liposome binding assay, PKA phosphorylation of purified proteins The Journal of biological chemistry High 32661198
2020 Small molecules targeting the P-Rex1 PH domain block PIP3 binding and inhibit fMLP-induced neutrophil spreading, Rac2 activation, and neutrophil recruitment in a zebrafish inflammation model, establishing the PH domain PIP3-binding site as a tractable drug target. Differential scanning fluorimetry screen, PIP3 binding competition assay, neutrophil Rac2 activation assay, zebrafish in vivo model Molecular pharmacology Medium 31900312
2020 P-Rex1 mediates glucose-stimulated Rac1 activation and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells; P-Rex1 knockdown attenuates glucose-induced Rac1 activation, Rac1 membrane association, and GSIS; RhoG knockdown does not affect GSIS, distinguishing the P-Rex1-dependent pathway. siRNA knockdown, Rac1 activation pulldown assay, membrane fractionation, GSIS ELISA Cellular physiology and biochemistry Medium 33347743
2021 Gβγ activates P-Rex1 via two independent binding interfaces: Gβγ interacts with both the DH/PH domains and the PDZ-PDZ domains; the PDZ-PDZ/Gβγ interface mediates P-Rex1 recruitment to the plasma membrane while the DH/PH/Gβγ interface contributes to catalytic activation; C-terminal domain of P-Rex1 inhibits its catalytic activity. Pulldown assays with purified proteins, chimeric GEF (Q-Rhox) to separate recruitment from activation, plasma membrane localization imaging Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 33412417
2023 P-Rex1 is a novel substrate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Malin (EPM2B); Malin ubiquitinates P-Rex1, linking P-Rex1 to the laforin-Malin complex associated with Lafora disease and altered glucose uptake. Unbiased ubiquitination substrate screen using Malin E3 ligase activity, protein-protein interaction assays Neurobiology of disease Medium 36638890
2023 NRBP1 (a pseudokinase) binds P-Rex1 and acts as a scaffold to enhance GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42 levels in a P-Rex1-dependent manner; NRBP1-mediated cell migration and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer requires P-Rex1; constitutively active Rac1 rescues NRBP1 knockdown effects. BioID/MS pulldown, siRNA knockdown, constitutively active Rac1 rescue, Rac1/Cdc42 activation assay, migration/invasion assay Oncogene Medium 36693952
2024 Cryo-EM structure of P-Rex1 bound to IP4 (at 3.2 Å resolution) reveals an autoinhibited conformation where the PH domain occludes the active site of the DH domain, stabilized by DH-DEP1 and PH-4HB subdomain interactions; disrupting these interfaces activates P-Rex1 in cells during chemokine-induced migration; PIP3-containing liposomes disrupt these interfaces, providing the mechanism of PIP3-mediated activation. Cryo-EM, HDX-MS, in vitro GEF assay with interface mutants, cell migration assay with full-length P-Rex1 interface variants, liposome binding eLife High 39082940
2025 P-Rex1 limits hepatocyte glucose uptake and mitochondrial function (membrane potential, ATP production, morphology) independently of its Rac-GEF catalytic activity; P-Rex1 controls Glut2 surface levels and Gpr21 (an orphan inhibitory GPCR) trafficking at the plasma membrane; a catalytically inactive Prex1GD knock-in mouse recapitulates the glucose clearance phenotype of Prex1−/− mice. Prex1−/− and catalytically inactive Prex1GD knock-in mice, high-fat diet model, cell fractionation, Glut2 surface assay, mitochondrial function assays, Gpr21 trafficking analysis Cell reports High 41046518
2025 P-Rex1 limits the agonist-induced internalization of GPCRs (S1PR1, CXCR4, PAR4, GLP1R) but not RTKs (PDGFR, EGFR) independently of its Rac-GEF activity, through its PDZ, DEP, and IP4P domains; P-Rex1 binds GRK2 directly in vitro and in cells and blocks GRK2-mediated phosphorylation required for GPCR internalization. CRISPR-Cas9 P-Rex1 KO, catalytically inactive P-Rex1 mutant, GPCR internalization assay, GRK2 binding assay in vitro and in cells, phosphorylation assay Cell reports High 41100251
2025 P-Rex1 mediates neutrophil phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized zymosan and bacterial killing independently of its Rac-GEF activity; P-Rex1 is required for Fc receptor-dependent Rac and Syk activation; in contrast, P-Rex1-mediated migration, ROS, and NET formation require its catalytic GEF activity. Prex1−/− and catalytically inactive Prex1GD mice, phagocytosis assay, bactericidal assay, Rac activation assay, Syk activation assay Frontiers in immunology High 41098722
2009 P-Rex1 PDZ domains interact directly with the S1P1 receptor carboxyl-terminal tail; P-Rex1 co-expression diminishes S1P1 trafficking to intracellular compartments (maintains receptor at cell surface); cells transfected with P-Rex1 PDZ domains show increased migratory response to S1P. Co-immunoprecipitation, PDZ domain-S1P1 tail binding assay, S1P1 internalization assay, cell migration assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 20036214

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 89 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 P-Rex1, a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3- and Gbetagamma-regulated guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Rac. Cell 445 11955434
2013 PI3K regulates MEK/ERK signaling in breast cancer via the Rac-GEF, P-Rex1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 180 24327733
2010 Identification of the Rac-GEF P-Rex1 as an essential mediator of ErbB signaling in breast cancer. Molecular cell 170 21172654
2011 P-Rex1 is required for efficient melanoblast migration and melanoma metastasis. Nature communications 152 22109529
2005 P-Rex1 regulates neutrophil function. Current biology : CB 141 16243035
2009 Upregulation of PIP3-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) promotes prostate cancer metastasis. Oncogene 128 19305425
2007 P-Rex1 links mammalian target of rapamycin signaling to Rac activation and cell migration. The Journal of biological chemistry 128 17565979
2005 P-Rex1 is a primary Rac2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor in mouse neutrophils. Current biology : CB 109 16243036
2005 Involvement of a Rac activator,P-Rex1, in neurotrophin-derived signaling and neuronal migration. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 97 15858067
2010 P-Rex1 participates in Neuregulin-ErbB signal transduction and its expression correlates with patient outcome in breast cancer. Oncogene 80 21042280
2014 P-REX1 creates a positive feedback loop to activate growth factor receptor, PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling in breast cancer. Oncogene 75 25284585
2007 Membrane translocation of P-Rex1 is mediated by G protein betagamma subunits and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The Journal of biological chemistry 72 17698854
2010 P-Rex1 and Vav1 cooperate in the regulation of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-dependent neutrophil responses. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 69 21178006
2015 Synaptic P-Rex1 signaling regulates hippocampal long-term depression and autism-like social behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 60 26621702
2009 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex-1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac, mediates angiogenic responses to stromal cell-derived factor-1/chemokine stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL-12) linked to Rac activation, endothelial cell migration, and in vitro angiogenesis. Molecular pharmacology 58 20018810
2014 P-Rex1 directly activates RhoG to regulate GPCR-driven Rac signalling and actin polarity in neutrophils. Journal of cell science 57 24659802
2011 Identification of P-Rex1 as a novel Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that promotes actin remodeling and GLUT4 protein trafficking in adipocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 57 22002247
2016 P-Rex1 Promotes Resistance to VEGF/VEGFR-Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer. Cell reports 51 26923603
2015 The Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-Trisphosphate-dependent Rac Exchanger 1·Ras-related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1 (P-Rex1·Rac1) Complex Reveals the Basis of Rac1 Activation in Breast Cancer Cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 51 26112412
2012 Nodal signaling regulates endodermal cell motility and actin dynamics via Rac1 and Prex1. The Journal of cell biology 47 22945937
2005 Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the phosphatidylinositiol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and Gbetagamma-mediated regulation of its activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 16301320
2007 Signaling requirements for translocation of P-Rex1, a key Rac2 exchange factor involved in chemoattractant-stimulated human neutrophil function. Journal of leukocyte biology 44 17227822
2008 Domain-domain interaction of P-Rex1 is essential for the activation and inhibition by G protein betagamma subunits and PKA. Cellular signalling 41 18514484
2008 P-Rex1 - a multidomain protein that regulates neurite differentiation. Journal of cell science 41 18697831
2017 P-Rex1 and P-Rex2 RacGEFs and cancer. Biochemical Society transactions 38 28710285
2013 Cucurbitacin I inhibits Rac1 activation in breast cancer cells by a reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanism and independently of Janus tyrosine kinase 2 and P-Rex1. Molecular pharmacology 38 23478800
2005 Differential sensitivity of P-Rex1 to isoforms of G protein betagamma dimers. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 16301321
2016 Protein Kinase A (PKA) Type I Interacts with P-Rex1, a Rac Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor: EFFECT ON PKA LOCALIZATION AND P-Rex1 SIGNALING. The Journal of biological chemistry 35 26797121
2010 Analysis of candidate genes on chromosome 20q12-13.1 reveals evidence for BMI mediated association of PREX1 with type 2 diabetes in European Americans. Genomics 35 20650312
2014 Subtype-specific overexpression of the Rac-GEF P-REX1 in breast cancer is associated with promoter hypomethylation. Breast cancer research : BCR 33 25248717
2013 P-Rex1 cooperates with PDGFRβ to drive cellular migration in 3D microenvironments. PloS one 31 23382862
2019 Cryo-electron microscopy structure and analysis of the P-Rex1-Gβγ signaling scaffold. Science advances 30 31663027
2018 Gβγ signaling to the chemotactic effector P-REX1 and mammalian cell migration is directly regulated by Gαq and Gα13 proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 30446620
2012 The guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor P-Rex1 is activated by protein phosphatase 1α. The Biochemical journal 30 22242915
2018 GRK2 mediates TCR-induced transactivation of CXCR4 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation that drives PI3Kγ/PREX1 signaling and T cell cytokine secretion. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 30018141
2016 ERK/MAPK Signaling Drives Overexpression of the Rac-GEF, PREX1, in BRAF- and NRAS-Mutant Melanoma. Molecular cancer research : MCR 27 27418645
2019 PREX1 drives spontaneous bone dissemination of ER+ breast cancer cells. Oncogene 26 31636389
2024 Heterogeneity-induced NGF-NGFR communication inefficiency promotes mitotic spindle disorganization in exhausted T cells through PREX1 suppression to impair the anti-tumor immunotherapy with PD-1 mAb in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer medicine 25 38204220
2016 Norbin Stimulates the Catalytic Activity and Plasma Membrane Localization of the Guanine-Nucleotide Exchange Factor P-Rex1. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 26792863
2016 PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent Rac Exchanger 1 (PREX1) Rac-Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) Activity Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth via Activation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) Signaling. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 27358402
2009 Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1P1 is regulated by direct interactions with P-Rex1, a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 23 20036214
2018 cAMP-dependent activation of the Rac guanine exchange factor P-REX1 by type I protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 30530493
2016 PREX1 Protein Function Is Negatively Regulated Downstream of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activation by p21-activated Kinases (PAKs). The Journal of biological chemistry 21 27481946
2020 Discovery of Small Molecules That Target the Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) Trisphosphate (PIP3)-Dependent Rac Exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) PIP3-Binding Site and Inhibit P-Rex1-Dependent Functions in Neutrophils. Molecular pharmacology 19 31900312
2017 PREX1 integrates G protein-coupled receptor and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling to promote glioblastoma invasion. Oncotarget 19 28051998
2017 TCR-CXCR4 signaling stabilizes cytokine mRNA transcripts via a PREX1-Rac1 pathway: implications for CTCL. Blood 19 28694325
2013 Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 at serine 1169 participates in IGF-1R signaling in breast cancer cells. Cellular signalling 19 23899556
2016 Identification of P-Rex1 as an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic target for pulmonary fibrosis. Scientific reports 18 27173636
2010 Characterization of P-Rex1 for its role in fMet-Leu-Phe-induced superoxide production in reconstituted COS(phox) cells. Cellular signalling 17 20074642
2008 Lack of a significant role of P-Rex1, a major regulator of macrophage Rac1 activation and chemotaxis, in atherogenesis. Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators 17 18502673
2020 PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) promotes mammary tumor initiation and metastasis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 16 33097662
2017 P-REX1 amplification promotes progression of cutaneous melanoma via the PAK1/P38/MMP-2 pathway. Cancer letters 16 28803992
2011 Characterization of the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor P-Rex1 in platelets. Journal of molecular signaling 16 21884615
2020 The first DEP domain of the RhoGEF P-Rex1 autoinhibits activity and contributes to membrane binding. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 32661198
2020 P-REX1-Independent, Calcium-Dependent RAC1 Hyperactivation in Prostate Cancer. Cancers 14 32092966
2006 Purification of P-Rex1 from neutrophils and nucleotide exchange assay. Methods in enzymology 14 16472647
2019 P-Rex1 Overexpression Results in Aberrant Neuronal Polarity and Psychosis-Related Behaviors. Neuroscience bulletin 13 31286410
2023 The pseudokinase NRBP1 activates Rac1/Cdc42 via P-Rex1 to drive oncogenic signalling in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 12 36693952
2020 P-Rex1 Mediates Glucose-Stimulated Rac1 Activation and Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 12 33347743
2016 Characterization of a P-Rex1 gene signature in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 12 27351228
2017 P-Rex1 Expression in Invasive Breast Cancer in relation to Receptor Status and Distant Metastatic Site. International journal of breast cancer 11 28698809
2016 The P-Rex1/Rac signaling pathway as a point of convergence for HER/ErbB receptor and GPCR responses. Small GTPases 11 27588611
2016 Multisite phosphorylation of P-Rex1 by protein kinase C. Oncotarget 11 27788493
2020 Identification of P-Rex1 in the Regulation of Liver Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration via HGF/c-Met/Akt Pathway. OncoTargets and therapy 10 33061433
2018 P-Rex1 is dispensable for Erk activation and mitogenesis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 9 29983884
2024 PREX1 improves homeostatic proliferation to maintain a naive CD4+ T cell compartment in older age. JCI insight 7 38329813
2023 Paeoniflorin shows chondroprotective effects under IL-1β stress by regulating circ-PREX1/miR-140-3p/WNT5B axis. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 7 37817257
2022 PREX1 depletion ameliorates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice and mitigates palmitic acid-induced hepatocellular injury via suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 7 35605788
2021 Gβγ recruits and activates P-Rex1 via two independent binding interfaces. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 7 33412417
2020 The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor P-Rex1 as a potential drug target for cancer metastasis and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacological research 7 32006571
2011 P-Rex1, a guanine exchange factor that is overexpressed in breast cancer, is a convergence node for ErbB and CXCR4 signaling. Molecular cell 7 21211718
2021 P-Rex1 Controls Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Signalling, Morphology, and Cell-Cycle Progression in Neuronal Cells. Cells 6 34572121
2015 The PREX1/Rac signaling axis: Potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. Molecular & cellular oncology 6 27308485
2024 ∆Np63α inhibits Rac1 activation and cancer cell invasion through suppression of PREX1. Cell death discovery 4 38191532
2023 P-Rex1 is a novel substrate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Malin associated with Lafora disease. Neurobiology of disease 4 36638890
2023 Silencing Rac1 and Prex1 Inhibit Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Gastric Cancer Cells Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1. The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology 4 37434402
2024 Structural and dynamic changes in P-Rex1 upon activation by PIP3 and inhibition by IP4. eLife 3 39082940
2023 Structural Dynamics of P-Rex1 Complexed with Natural Leads Establishes the Protein as an Attractive Target for Therapeutics to Suppress Cancer Metastasis. BioMed research international 3 38098889
2025 P-Rex1 limits glucose clearance and suppresses hepatocyte glucose uptake and mitochondrial metabolism independently of its Rac-GEF activity. Cell reports 2 41046518
2024 Migration, invasion, and metastasis are mediated by P-Rex1 in neuroblastoma. Frontiers in oncology 2 38884093
2022 P-Rex1 Signaling Hub in Lower Grade Glioma Patients, Found by In Silico Data Mining, Correlates With Reduced Survival and Augmented Immune Tumor Microenvironment. Frontiers in oncology 2 35875157
2025 P-Rex1 controls phagocytosis and the killing of bacteria by murine neutrophils independently of its catalytic activity. Frontiers in immunology 1 41098722
2023 Pharmacological Inhibition of P-Rex1/Rac1 Axis Blocked Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 1 36892683
2026 P-Rex2 exhibits unique structural features and regulatory mechanisms distinct from the closely related RhoGEF P-Rex1. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41542420
2025 Upregulation of PREX1 Expression by POU2F2 Promotes the Malignant Progression of Acute Myeloid Leukemia via the mTOR Pathway. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 0 40317800
2025 P-Rex1 limits the agonist-induced internalization of GPCRs independently of its Rac-GEF activity. Cell reports 0 41100251
2025 Inhibition of PREX1 Reverses Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. The world journal of men's health 0 41508386
2024 Structural and dynamic changes in P-Rex1 upon activation by PIP3 and inhibition by IP4. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 37745379
2021 P-Rex1 Cooperates With TGFβR2 to Drive Lung Fibroblast Migration in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Frontiers in pharmacology 0 34349645