Affinage

POR

NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase · UniProt P16435

Length
677 aa
Mass
76.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

POR (NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase) is a microsomal flavoprotein that serves as the obligate electron donor for the cytochrome P450 system, shuttling reducing equivalents from NADPH to all microsomal P450 enzymes (PMID:2501655, PMID:21070833). The recombinant human protein reduces cytochrome c and, when co-expressed, stimulates P450-mediated drug oxidation, establishing its function as a diffusible reductase partner (PMID:2501655). Electron transfer is governed by a cofactor-driven conformational cycle: complete reduction by NADPH shifts the enzyme from an extended toward a compact form that sequesters the reduced FMN (PMID:22891242), and NADP+ binding to the FAD-binding domain drives the FMN-binding domain toward the heme of a redox partner to enhance electron transfer, as captured in a CYPOR-heme oxygenase fusion structure (PMID:30883732). POR supplies electrons across a broad substrate range, supporting steroidogenic P450s (CYP17A1/P450c17, CYP21A2, CYP19A1/aromatase) and drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP1A2) with substrate-specific efficiencies, such that individual variants can impair some activities while sparing or even enhancing others (PMID:21070833, PMID:32060549). Loss-of-function mutations in the FAD- or NADPH-binding domains cause P450 oxidoreductase deficiency/Antley-Bixler syndrome through disrupted steroidogenesis (PMID:15264278, PMID:32060549). Beyond its P450-coupled role, POR acts as a one-electron reductase that transfers electrons from NADPH to oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide, which through iron-dependent chemistry peroxidizes polyunsaturated membrane phospholipids to execute ferroptosis — an intrinsic enzymatic capacity reconstituted with purified POR in protein-free liposomes (PMID:33321093, PMID:33718888). In vivo, POR is required for CYP26-mediated retinoic acid metabolism during embryogenesis, with knockout causing embryonic lethality from ectopic retinoic acid signaling (PMID:17126317), and hepatic POR loss produces triglyceride accumulation attributable to loss of bile acid synthesis (PMID:21368239).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1989 High

    Established that the cloned human POR gene encodes an enzymatically active reductase that functionally couples to cytochrome P450, defining its core role as a P450 electron donor.

    Evidence Vaccinia virus heterologous expression, cytochrome c reduction, and co-infection P450 enzymatic assays, with chromosomal mapping to 7p15-q35

    PMID:2501655

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the structural basis of electron transfer
    • Tested with limited P450 substrates
  2. 2004 Medium

    Linked POR loss-of-function directly to human disease, showing it is the obligate electron donor for multiple steroidogenic P450s.

    Evidence Patient DNA sequencing identifying compound heterozygous FAD-domain mutations (e.g. R454H) in Antley-Bixler syndrome with steroidogenesis defects

    PMID:15264278

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism inferred from domain annotation without in vitro reconstitution
    • Single study
  3. 2010 High

    Demonstrated that POR variants confer substrate-specific changes in P450 support, explaining why cytochrome c assays poorly predict clinical phenotype.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution of ~40 recombinant POR variants assayed against cytochrome c, P450c17, CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4

    PMID:21070833

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not map activity differences to defined structural states
    • In vitro activities not validated against in vivo steroid output for all variants
  4. 2012 High

    Resolved how cofactor reduction controls POR conformation, defining a structural mechanism that protects the reduced FMN.

    Evidence Neutron reflectometry of nanodisc-reconstituted POR before and after NADPH reduction, revealing compact and extended states

    PMID:22891242

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab method
    • Did not capture the partner-bound state
  5. 2019 High

    Provided atomic-level evidence that NADP+ binding repositions the FMN domain toward the redox partner to drive electron transfer.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography (3.25 A) of a CYPOR-HMOX1 fusion comparing NADP+-bound and free states

    PMID:30883732

    Open questions at the time
    • Captured with heme oxygenase rather than a P450 partner
    • Single structure of a fusion construct
  6. 2006 High

    Established an in vivo developmental requirement for POR in retinoic acid homeostasis via CYP26 enzymes.

    Evidence Por knockout mouse genetics with RA-reporter readout and genetic epistasis using Raldh2 haploinsufficiency and phenocopy of Cyp26 mutants

    PMID:17126317

    Open questions at the time
    • Embryonic lethality limits analysis of later roles
    • Does not isolate CYP26 from other P450 contributions to the full phenotype
  7. 2011 Medium

    Connected hepatic POR loss to triglyceride accumulation through loss of bile acid synthesis rather than cholesterol synthesis.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in rat hepatoma cells, lipid droplet staining, triglyceride quantification, and chenodeoxycholate rescue, with CYP51A1 control

    PMID:21368239

    Open questions at the time
    • FXR-signaling link inferred from pharmacological rescue
    • Single lab in vitro system
  8. 2011 Medium

    Identified a P450-independent role for POR in regulating osteoblast gap junction communication.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown in osteoblast lines with Cx43 promoter luciferase, GJIC assay, and primary osteoblasts from bone-specific KO mice

    PMID:21726529

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional mechanism linking POR to Cx43 not defined
    • Single lab
  9. 2013 High

    Established POR as a determinant of hypoxia-activated prodrug activation with substrate selectivity among one-electron reductase substrates.

    Evidence Zinc finger nuclease knockout in HCT116 and SiHa cells with mass-spectrometry-confirmed null status and multiple prodrug activation readouts

    PMID:24196959

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the reductases responsible for POR-independent prodrugs
    • Two tumor cell backgrounds only
  10. 2020 High

    Defined POR as a driver of ferroptosis through NADPH-dependent generation of hydrogen peroxide that fuels lipid peroxidation.

    Evidence CRISPR knockout, H2O2 measurement, lipid peroxidation assays, and a ConA-induced mouse liver knockdown model

    PMID:33321093

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of POR versus other oxidoreductases to ferroptosis in different tissues unresolved
  11. 2021 High

    Confirmed that POR has intrinsic enzymatic capacity to peroxidize PUFA phospholipids independent of cellular context.

    Evidence Cell-free reconstitution with purified POR (and CYB5R1) in protein-free liposomes using Tb3+ release and electron microscopy

    PMID:33718888

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not quantify in vivo contribution relative to enzymatic context
    • Protocol-format report
  12. 2020 High

    Extended the genotype-phenotype map by characterizing a variant (R550W) that ablates aromatase and most steroidogenic and drug-metabolizing P450 support.

    Evidence Recombinant protein with cytochrome c and MTT reduction, multiple P450 activity assays, and NADPH binding measurement

    PMID:32060549

    Open questions at the time
    • Single variant
    • In vitro activities not linked to clinical outcome in this study
  13. 2023 Medium

    Characterized additional population variants confirming reduced P450 support, broadening the spectrum of functionally impaired POR alleles.

    Evidence Recombinant expression of gnomAD-derived R268W and L577P with enzyme kinetics and liposome P450 reconstitution

    PMID:38136599

    Open questions at the time
    • Two variants only
    • Single lab, no in vivo validation

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how POR's conformational cycle, partner selectivity, and one-electron oxygen-reductase activity are coordinated to partition between productive P450 catalysis and ferroptotic lipid peroxidation in specific tissues.
  • No structure of POR bound to a steroidogenic P450 partner
  • Tissue-specific control of P450 coupling versus H2O2 generation undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 5 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 4 GO:0140657 ATP-dependent activity 3
Localization
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-9748784 Drug ADME 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 1
Partners
CYP17A1CYP19A1CYP21A2CYP2C19CYP2C9CYP3A4HMOX1

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2020 POR (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase) transfers electrons from NADPH to oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide, which reacts with iron to produce reactive hydroxyl radicals that peroxidize polyunsaturated fatty acid chains of membrane phospholipids, causing membrane disruption during ferroptosis. Genetic knockout of POR decreases cellular hydrogen peroxide generation, preventing lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. POR knockdown in mouse liver also prevents ConA-induced liver damage. Genetic knockout (CRISPR), hydrogen peroxide measurement, lipid peroxidation assays, mouse liver knockdown model Molecular cell High 33321093
2021 POR (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase) and CYB5R1 oxidoreductases directly peroxidize PUFA phospholipids in protein-free liposomes in a cell-free reconstitution assay, demonstrating intrinsic enzymatic capacity for lipid oxidation independent of cellular context. Cell-free liposome assay, Tb3+ liposome release, electron microscopy STAR protocols High 33718888
1989 Human NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR/CYPOR) encodes a 677 amino acid microsomal protein; vaccinia virus-expressed POR was enzymatically active in reducing cytochrome c and stimulated CYP3 (P450)-mediated ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities when co-expressed with human CYP3. The CYPOR gene was mapped to chromosome 7 (7p15-q35). Vaccinia virus heterologous expression, cytochrome c reduction assay, co-infection enzymatic assay, somatic cell hybrid mapping Molecular pharmacology High 2501655
2004 Compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in POR (including R454H in the FAD-binding domain) cause Antley-Bixler syndrome with impaired steroidogenesis, demonstrating that POR is the obligate electron donor for multiple steroidogenic P450 enzymes (17α-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, 21-hydroxylase, lanosterol 14α-demethylase). Direct sequencing of patient DNA, identification of mutations in FAD-binding domain, clinical phenotype-genotype correlation American journal of medical genetics. Part A Medium 15264278
2010 POR transports electrons from NADPH to all microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes including steroidogenic P450c17, P450c21 and P450aro. Characterization of ~40 POR variants showed that assays based on P450c17 activities (but not cytochrome c assays) correlate with clinical ABS phenotype. The common A503V variant reduces P450c17 activity to ~60% of wild-type. Q153R causes ABS and has ~30% WT activity with P450c17 but 144% with CYP1A2 and 284% with CYP2C19, demonstrating substrate-specific activity differences. A287P and R457H dramatically reduce CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism. In vitro enzyme activity assays with purified recombinant POR variants, multiple substrate assays (cytochrome c, P450c17, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP3A4) Molecular and cellular endocrinology High 21070833
2012 Neutron reflectometry of POR in nanodiscs revealed two distinct conformational states: a compact form (44 Å thick) and an extended form (79 Å thick). Upon complete reduction by NADPH, the equilibrium shifts toward the compact form, protecting the reduced FMN cofactor from non-specific electron transfer. Neutron reflectometry, nanodisc reconstitution, NADPH reduction The Journal of biological chemistry High 22891242
2019 Crystal structure of a CYPOR-HMOX1 fusion protein at 3.25 Å resolution revealed that NADP+ binding regulates conformational change in the FAD-binding domain of CYPOR, causing the FMN-binding domain to approach heme-bound HMOX1 and enhance electron-transfer efficiency from FMN to heme. X-ray crystallography (3.25 Å), structural comparison of NADP+-bound vs. NADP+-free forms FEBS letters High 30883732
2020 The novel POR R550W mutation causes near-complete loss of CYP19A1 (aromatase) activity, >95% loss of CYP17A1 and CYP21A2 activities, and significant loss of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 activities. R550W-POR showed 41% of WT cytochrome c reduction and 7.7% MTT reduction activity; reduced NADPH binding was also confirmed. Recombinant protein expression, cytochrome c reduction assay, MTT reduction, multiple P450 activity assays, NADPH binding measurement The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism High 32060549
2006 POR knockout mice (Por-/-) exhibit early embryonic lethality (E9.5) associated with elevated and ectopic retinoic acid (RA) signaling. Compound Por-/-; Raldh2+/- mutants (reduced RA synthesis) survived to E13.5, rescuing brain patterning and vascular defects. Limb and caudal defects in these compound mutants phenocopied Cyp26a1-/- and Cyp26b1-/- mutants, demonstrating that POR function is required for CYP26-mediated RA metabolism during embryogenesis. Mouse knockout genetics, RA-reporter lacZ transgene, genetic epistasis (compound mutants with Raldh2 haploinsufficiency), serum-free embryo culture Developmental biology High 17126317
2013 Zinc finger nuclease knockout of POR in HCT116 and SiHa tumor cell lines demonstrated that POR is required for hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP) activation of the 5-nitroquinoline SN24349, but POR knockout had little or no effect on activation of most other HAPs including TH-302, PR-104A, and SN30000, indicating differential POR-dependence among one-electron reductase substrates. Zinc finger nuclease gene knockout, proteotypic peptide mass spectrometry quantitation, antiproliferative assay, reductive metabolism assay, clonogenic cell killing The Journal of biological chemistry High 24196959
2011 siRNA-mediated knockdown of POR in McArdle-RH7777 rat hepatoma cells replicates hepatic lipidosis (triglyceride accumulation in lipid droplets) seen in hepatic POR-null mice. CYP51A1 suppression did not cause lipid accumulation, ruling out loss of cholesterol synthesis as the cause. Chenodeoxycholate addition repressed lipid accumulation, suggesting loss of bile acid synthesis and FXR signaling leads to triglyceride accumulation. siRNA knockdown, immunofluorescence lipid droplet staining, triglyceride quantification, pharmacological rescue with chenodeoxycholate Drug metabolism and disposition Medium 21368239
2011 Knockdown of CYPOR (POR) in osteoblast cell lines decreased expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43) via transcriptional repression, and reduced gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and hemichannel activity. Primary osteoblasts from bone-specific Por knockdown mice confirmed decreased Cx43 expression. RNAi knockdown in osteoblast cell lines, promoter luciferase assay, GJIC functional assay, primary osteoblasts from conditional KO mice Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 21726529
2001 Proper membrane association of POR with etioplast inner membranes (prolamellar bodies and prothylakoids) requires NADPH and hydrolysable ATP but not the transit peptide. A mutation in the nucleotide-binding site (ALA06) abolished NADPH-dependent membrane binding, and a substrate-binding site mutation (ALA24) reduced binding, demonstrating that cofactor interaction is essential for membrane association. In vitro-expressed radiolabelled POR, membrane binding assay, site-directed mutagenesis, thermolysin/NaOH/carbonate protection assays The Plant journal Medium 11532175
2016 Site-directed mutagenesis of multiple active site residues in POR (predicted to interact with NADPH or protochlorophyllide based on homology modeling) profoundly affected photochemistry, identifying residues critical for stabilizing the excited state required for light-driven catalysis. Active-site mutagenesis, static and time-resolved spectroscopy, homology modeling Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology Medium 27285815
2005 The import of PORA precursor into plastids requires the GTP-binding protein Toc33 (but not Toc34). Plastids from ppi1 (Toc33-null) Arabidopsis mutants failed to import pPORA in darkness but imported pPORB, pSSU, and pFd normally, demonstrating a Toc33-specific import pathway for pPORA. Import assay into isolated plastids, genetic mutant (ppi1/Toc33-null), cross-linking, radiolabeled precursor proteins The Plant journal Medium 15773849
2023 Ferrochelatase 2 (FC2) physically interacts with POR and stabilizes it; disruption of FC2-POR interaction attenuates suppression of ALA synthesis and leads to accumulation of photoreactive protochlorophyllide. FC2 interacts with both POR and the FLU regulator, promoting feedback suppression of glutamyl-tRNA reductase. Biochemical interaction assays, Arabidopsis mutant and complementation lines, co-immunoprecipitation-type analysis The New phytologist Medium 37161708
2023 POR variants R268W and L577P (identified from gnomAD) expressed as recombinant proteins showed 35–85% decreased enzymatic activity with model substrates and reduced support for CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 activities when reconstituted in liposomes. Recombinant protein expression in bacteria, enzyme kinetic assays, P450 reconstitution in liposomes Biomolecules Medium 38136599

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2020 Membrane Damage during Ferroptosis Is Caused by Oxidation of Phospholipids Catalyzed by the Oxidoreductases POR and CYB5R1. Molecular cell 507 33321093
2012 Gliding motility and Por secretion system genes are widespread among members of the phylum bacteroidetes. Journal of bacteriology 237 23123910
1991 Point mutation in meningococcal por A gene associated with increased endemic disease. Lancet (London, England) 167 1705642
2011 Por secretion system-dependent secretion and glycosylation of Porphyromonas gingivalis hemin-binding protein 35. PloS one 133 21731719
2012 Identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis proteins secreted by the Por secretion system. FEMS microbiology letters 121 23075153
2014 The influence of CYP3A, PPARA, and POR genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients. European journal of clinical pharmacology 108 24658827
1997 Overexpression of light-dependent PORA or PORB in plants depleted of endogenous POR by far-red light enhances seedling survival in white light and protects against photooxidative damage. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 91 9351249
1994 Quantification of CYP2B7, CYP4B1, and CYPOR messenger RNAs in normal human lung and lung tumors. Cancer research 90 8313365
2004 Compound heterozygous mutations of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase gene (POR) in two patients with Antley-Bixler syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 84 15264278
2014 Impact of POR*28 on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A in renal transplant patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring 80 24061445
1996 Distinct roles for light-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases (POR) A and B during greening in higher plants. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 77 8624514
1989 Human NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase: complementary DNA cloning, sequence and vaccinia virus-mediated expression and localization of the CYPOR gene to chromosome 7. Molecular pharmacology 73 2501655
1994 Recognition of synthetic O-methyl, epimeric, and amino analogues of the acceptor alpha-L-Fuc p-(1-->2)-beta-D-Gal p-OR by the blood-group A and B gene-specified glycosyltransferases. Carbohydrate research 72 8149379
2010 Consequences of POR mutations and polymorphisms. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 68 21070833
1992 Gonococcal porin vaccine evaluation: comparison of Por proteosomes, liposomes, and blebs isolated from rmp deletion mutants. The Journal of infectious diseases 68 1323620
1999 Genetic diversity and mosaicism at the por locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Journal of bacteriology 61 10482498
2006 Rescue of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por) mouse mutants reveals functions in vasculogenesis, brain and limb patterning linked to retinoic acid homeostasis. Developmental biology 52 17126317
2012 Monitoring shifts in the conformation equilibrium of the membrane protein cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) in nanodiscs. The Journal of biological chemistry 51 22891242
1993 Recognition of synthetic deoxy and deoxyfluoro analogs of the acceptor alpha-L-Fuc p-(1-->2)-beta-D-Gal p-OR by the blood-group A and B gene-specified glycosyltransferases. Carbohydrate research 45 8252553
2019 Activation of the p38/MAPK pathway regulates autophagy in response to the CYPOR-dependent oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 43 31173817
2014 Population pharmacokinetic approach to evaluate the effect of CYP2D6, CYP3A, ABCB1, POR and NR1I2 genotypes on donepezil clearance. British journal of clinical pharmacology 40 24433464
2013 Spatial and stimulus-type tuning in the LEC, MEC, POR, PrC, CA1, and CA3 during spontaneous item recognition memory. Hippocampus 40 23966131
2015 The genetic polymorphisms of POR*28 and CYP3A5*3 significantly influence the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in Chinese renal transplant recipients. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 39 26227094
2004 Quinolone resistance-determining region mutations and por type of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates: resistance surveillance and typing by molecular methodologies. The Journal of infectious diseases 37 15143477
2002 In vitro reconstitution of light-harvesting POR-protochlorophyllide complex with protochlorophyllides a and b. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 12401790
2019 Impact of CYP3A5, POR, and CYP2C19 Polymorphisms on Trough Concentration to Dose Ratio of Tacrolimus in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. International journal of molecular sciences 33 31096684
2000 Comparison of sequencing of the por gene and typing of the opa gene for discrimination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from sexual contacts. Journal of clinical microbiology 32 11101576
1998 Chlorophyll alpha synthesis upon interruption and deletion of por coding for the light-dependent NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in a photosystem-I-less/chlL- strain of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. European journal of biochemistry 32 9578474
2009 Hydrogen-atom transfer in reactions of organic radicals with [Co(II)(por)]* (por = porphyrinato) and in subsequent addition of [Co(H)(por)] to olefins. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 31 19266521
2003 Porin variation among clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae over a 10-year period, as determined by Por variable region typing. The Journal of infectious diseases 28 12696000
2017 Two NADPH: Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase (POR) Isoforms Play Distinct Roles in Environmental Adaptation in Rice. Rice (New York, N.Y.) 27 28078486
2017 Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency caused by R457H mutation in POR gene in Chinese: case report and literature review. Journal of ovarian research 27 28288674
2013 Effect of CYP3A4*22, POR*28, and PPARA rs4253728 on sirolimus in vitro metabolism and trough concentrations in kidney transplant recipients. Clinical chemistry 27 23974086
2005 A role of Toc33 in the protochlorophyllide-dependent plastid import pathway of NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) A. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 25 15773849
2014 CYP2C9*2 allele increases risk for hypoglycemia in POR*1/*1 type 2 diabetic patients treated with sulfonylureas. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association 24 24464600
2017 Interaction between variants in the CYP2C9 and POR genes and the risk of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycaemia: A GoDARTS Study. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 22 28656666
2003 POR hits the road: import and assembly of a plastid protein. Plant molecular biology 22 12602886
2013 Zinc finger nuclease knock-out of NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) in human tumor cell lines demonstrates that hypoxia-activated prodrugs differ in POR dependence. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 24196959
2011 Antitumor actinopyranones produced by Streptomyces albus POR-04-15-053 isolated from a marine sediment. Journal of natural products 20 21718029
2000 Ornipressin (Por 8): An efficient alternative to counteract hypotension during combined general/epidural anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia 19 10825311
2016 Multiple active site residues are important for photochemical efficiency in the light-activated enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 18 27285815
2014 Variation in P450 oxidoreductase (POR) A503V and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO)-3 E158K is associated with minor alterations in nicotine metabolism, but does not alter cigarette consumption. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 18 24448396
2001 Association of the NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) with isolated etioplast inner membranes from wheat. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 18 11532175
2020 Molecular Basis of CYP19A1 Deficiency in a 46,XX Patient With R550W Mutation in POR: Expanding the PORD Phenotype. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 17 32060549
2020 Genetic control of CCL24, POR, and IL23R contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Communications biology 17 32826979
2014 POR*28 SNP is associated with lipid response to atorvastatin in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia. Pharmacogenomics 17 25521355
2011 Suppression of cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) expression in hepatoma cells replicates the hepatic lipidosis observed in hepatic POR-null mice. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 17 21368239
1998 Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) contains multiple expressed genes encoding light-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Plant & cell physiology 17 9787456
2006 Spectroscopic and kinetic characterization of the light-dependent enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) using monovinyl and divinyl substrates. The Biochemical journal 16 16274361
2023 MicroRNAs in POI, DOR and POR. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 14 36840768
2023 Zoledronic acid induces ferroptosis by upregulating POR in osteosarcoma. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 14 37036615
2017 Effect of Age and Allele Variants of CYP3A5, CYP3A4, and POR Genes on the Pharmacokinetics of Cyclosporin A in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients From Serbia. Therapeutic drug monitoring 14 29135906
2015 Interactions between CYP3A5*3 and POR*28 polymorphisms and lipid lowering response with atorvastatin. Clinical drug investigation 14 26293521
2015 Prenatal Diagnosis of Antley-Bixler Syndrome and POR Deficiency. The American journal of case reports 14 26670660
2010 Unprecedented peroxidase-like activity of Rhodnius prolixus nitrophorin 2: identification of the [FeIV=O Por•]+ and [FeIV=O Por](Tyr38•) intermediates and their role(s) in substrate oxidation. Biochemistry 14 20726527
2020 Clinical and genetic analysis of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) deficiency in a female and the analysis of a novel POR intron mutation causing alternative mRNA splicing : Overall analysis of a female with POR deficiency. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 13 32725309
2007 Molecular rearrangement in POR macrodomains as a reason for the blue shift of chlorophyllide fluorescence observed after phototransformation. Biochimica et biophysica acta 13 17459331
2005 por Variable-region typing by DNA probe hybridization is broadly applicable to epidemiologic studies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Journal of clinical microbiology 13 15814961
2005 Kinetic characterisation of the light-driven protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 13 16307122
1994 Recognition of synthetic analogues of the acceptor, beta-D-Gal p-OR, by the blood-group H gene-specified glycosyltransferase. Carbohydrate research 13 8187102
2021 A Porphyrin-Involved Benzene-1,3,5-Tricarboxamide Dendrimer (Por-BTA) as a Multifunctional Interface Material for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS applied materials & interfaces 11 33734692
2020 Influence of POR*28 Polymorphisms on CYP3A5*3-Associated Variations in Tacrolimus Blood Levels at an Early Stage after Liver Transplantation. International journal of molecular sciences 11 32225074
2019 Crystal structure of a NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYPOR) and heme oxygenase 1 fusion protein implies a conformational change in CYPOR upon NADPH/NADP+ binding. FEBS letters 11 30883732
2019 Sulforaphane alleviates cadmium-induced toxicity in human mesenchymal stem cells through POR and TNFSF10 genes expression. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 11 31035011
2009 Ultrafast catalytic processes and conformational changes in the light-driven enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Biochemical Society transactions 11 19290868
2006 Molecular cloning and expression of progesterone 5beta-reductase (5beta-POR) from Isoplexis canariensis. Planta medica 11 16858667
2001 Elimination of POR expression correlates with red leaf formation in Amaranthus tricolor. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 11 11532173
2022 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, disorders of sex development, and infertility in patients with POR gene pathogenic variants: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of endocrinological investigation 10 35842891
2016 Compound heterozygosity of a paternal submicroscopic deletion and a maternal missense mutation in POR gene: Antley-bixler syndrome phenotype in three sibling fetuses. Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology 10 26969897
2016 The P450 oxidoreductase (POR) rs2868177 and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6*6 polymorphisms contribute to the interindividual variability in human CYP2B6 activity. European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 27439448
2023 FC2 stabilizes POR and suppresses ALA formation in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway. The New phytologist 9 37161708
2023 Exploring Novel Variants of the Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene (POR) from the Genome Aggregation Database by Integrating Bioinformatic Tools and Functional Assays. Biomolecules 9 38136599
2018 Compound heterozygous variants in POR gene identified by whole-exome sequencing in a Chinese pedigree with cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency. Pediatric investigation 9 32851239
2015 P450 (Cytochrome) Oxidoreductase Gene (POR) Common Variant (POR*28) Significantly Alters CYP2C9 Activity in Swedish, But Not in Korean Healthy Subjects. Omics : a journal of integrative biology 9 26669712
2013 CYP1A and POR gene mediated mitochondrial membrane damage induced by carbon nanoparticle in human mesenchymal stem cells. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 9 23624273
2024 Z-Ligustilide restricts rabies virus replication by inducing ferroptosis through the ACSL4-LPCAT3-POR pathway. Veterinary microbiology 8 39316946
2021 Assessing POR and CYB5R1 oxidoreductase-mediated oxidative rupture of PUFA in liposomes. STAR protocols 8 33718888
2021 Association of polymorphism of CYP3A4, ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, NFKB1, POR, and PXR with the concentration of cyclosporin A in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems 8 33974505
2021 Generation of Caco-2 cells stably expressing CYP3A4·POR·UGT1A1 and CYP3A4·POR·UGT1A1*6 using a PITCh system. Archives of toxicology 8 34654938
2020 Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency caused by a novel mutation in the POR gene in two siblings: case report and literature review. Hormones (Athens, Greece) 8 33123976
2016 Delayed diagnosis of disorder of sex development (DSD) due to P450 oxidoreductase (POR) deficiency. Hormones (Athens, Greece) 8 27376429
2011 Regulation of gap junction function and Connexin 43 expression by cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYPOR). Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 21726529
2002 POR structural domains important for the enzyme activity in R. capsulatus complementation system. Photosynthesis research 8 16228553
2023 Computational identification and analysis of deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the human POR gene: a structural and functional impact. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 7 37173831
2020 Epigenetic alterations in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por) in sperm of rats exposed to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Scientific reports 7 32704063
2016 Evolution of NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductases (POR) in Apiales - POR 1 is missing. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 7 26854662
2013 Modeling of Anopheles minimus Mosquito NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYPOR) and mutagenesis analysis. International journal of molecular sciences 7 23325047
2008 Theoretical study of specific hydrogen-bonding effects on the bridging P-OR bond strength of phosphate monoester dianions. The journal of physical chemistry. B 6 18275186
2008 Expression and sequence variation of the cucumber Por gene in the synthesized allotetraploid Cucumis x hytivus. Molecular biology reports 6 18839334
2022 Impact of POR*28 Variant on Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Kidney Transplant Patients with Different CYP3A5 Genotypes. Current drug metabolism 5 35578867
2022 POR overexpression induces tamoxifen-resistance in breast cancer through the STAT1/c-Myc pathway. Molecular carcinogenesis 5 36321415
2014 "Pig in a poke (gato por liebre)": the "mota" (Calophysus macropterus) fishery, molecular evidence of commercialization in Colombia and toxicological analyses. EcoHealth 5 24419666
2023 Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase (POR) Associated with Severe Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients of European Ancestry from ECOG-ACRIN E5103. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 4 37126018
2023 The Potential Role of POR*28 and CYP1A2*F Genetic Variations and Lifestyle Factors on Clozapine and N-DesmethylClozapine Plasma Levels in Schizophrenia Patients. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology 4 37269349
2021 POR polymorphisms are associated with 21 hydroxylase deficiency. Journal of endocrinological investigation 4 33666875
2019 [Supervivencia en cáncer de mama por subtipo mediante inmunohistoquímica: Un estudio retrospectivo]. Gaceta medica de Mexico 4 31182881
2019 Association of POR and PPARα polymorphisms with risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury in Western Chinese Han population. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 4 31857256
2018 Genetic Polymorphisms and In Silico Mutagenesis Analyses of CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYPOR Genes in the Pakistani Population. Genes 4 30360443
2010 Effects of heme precursors on CYP1A2 and POR expression in the baculovirus/Spodoptera frugiperda system. Journal of biomedical research 4 23554636
2008 [Antley-Bixler syndrome or POR deficiency?]. Casopis lekaru ceskych 4 18630181

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