| 1993 |
RPB7 is essential for cell viability in S. cerevisiae; deletion of RPB7 is lethal, whereas deletion of RPB4 causes only conditional growth defects. RPB7 association with Pol II is dependent on RPB4, as polymerase purified from rpb4Δ cells also lacks RPB7. |
Gene deletion, yeast genetics, polymerase purification |
Yeast |
High |
8488730
|
| 1995 |
Human hsRPB7 is a functional ortholog of yeast RPB7: it assembles into a complete 12-subunit yeast Pol II complex (shown by immunoprecipitation) and rescues the essential RPB7 deletion at moderate temperatures. However, hsRPB7 shows reduced affinity for yeast RPB4 compared to yeast RPB7, explaining failure to fully complement at temperature extremes. |
Complementation assay, immunoprecipitation of Pol II from yeast expressing hsRPB7, yeast two-hybrid |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
7579693
|
| 1998 |
Oncogenic EWS-Fli1 specifically interacts with hsRPB7 (the human Pol II seventh subunit) via the EWS amino terminus; this interaction was identified by yeast two-hybrid and confirmed by in vitro immunoprecipitation. hsRPB7 copurifies with EWS-Fli1 but not with wild-type Fli1 from nuclear extracts. Overexpression of hsRPB7 specifically enhances gene activation by EWS-chimeric transcription factors. |
Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro immunoprecipitation, nuclear extract copurification, overexpression transactivation assay |
Oncogene |
High |
9704926
|
| 1998 |
Human hsRPB4 strongly and specifically interacts with hsRPB7 in yeast and mammalian cells and copurifies with intact Pol II. Structure-function mapping defined the interaction interface between hsRPB4 and hsRPB7. hsRPB4 does not interact with yeast RPB7, showing species-specific divergence while retaining partial complementation of rpb4− yeast phenotypes. |
Yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation in mammalian cells, polymerase copurification, truncation/deletion mapping |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
9528765
|
| 1998 |
Cryo-EM difference mapping showed that Rpb4/Rpb7 form part of the floor of the DNA-binding cleft of yeast Pol II. Surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that Rpb4/Rpb7 stabilize a minimal pre-initiation complex containing promoter DNA, TBP, TFIIB and polymerase, suggesting a role in coupling DNA entry into the active center cleft to cleft closure. |
Cryo-EM 3D reconstruction, difference mapping, surface plasmon resonance |
The EMBO journal |
High |
9545247
|
| 1999 |
Ligand-free RARα interacts with hsRPB7 through its DNA-binding domain (in the absence of retinoic acid); RA addition disrupts the interaction. Overexpressed hRARα (no RA) represses Pol II-dependent activators (AP-1, GR), and this repression is relieved by co-transfected hsRPB7, indicating that unliganded RARα sequesters hsRPB7 to repress transcription. |
Yeast two-hybrid, truncation analysis, transient transfection repression/rescue assays |
Endocrine |
Medium |
10484292
|
| 1999 |
Rpb7 can associate with Pol II lacking Rpb4 (Pol IIΔ4) when overexpressed, demonstrated by two reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation experiments. This Rpb4-independent interaction supports transcription under mild stress, establishing that a major role of Rpb4 is to augment the affinity of Rpb7 for Pol II. |
Suppressor screen, reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation, transcription assays in rpb4Δ cells |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
10082533
|
| 2000 |
The purified Rpb4/Rpb7 complex binds single-stranded DNA and RNA via an OB-fold motif in Rpb7. A small deletion in the OB-fold abolished nucleic acid binding without disrupting the Rpb4/Rpb7 complex or its association with Pol II, yet destroyed transcription activity. A separate OB-fold deletion blocked transcription but not nucleic acid binding, indicating the OB-fold mediates both nucleic acid binding and protein-protein interactions required for initiation. Template competition showed Rpb4/Rpb7 is not needed for stable polymerase recruitment but acts at a post-recruitment step. |
Purified complex binding assays (ssDNA/RNA), deletion mutagenesis, reconstituted transcription assay, template competition |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
11087726
|
| 2001 |
Crystal structure of the archaeal RPB7/RPB4 homologs (Methanococcus jannaschii subunits E and F) was determined, revealing an elongated two-domain structure for subunit E with two potential RNA-binding motifs, and subunit F wrapping around subunit E at the domain interface. A model was proposed in which the RNA-binding face of RPB7 contacts the nascent RNA transcript. |
X-ray crystallography |
Molecular cell |
High |
11741548
|
| 2003 |
pVHL directly binds to hsRPB7 through its beta-domain; naturally occurring beta-domain mutations decrease this interaction. Introduction of wild-type pVHL into VHL-mutant renal carcinoma cells promotes ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of hsRPB7, reduces its nuclear accumulation, and suppresses hsRPB7-induced VEGF promoter transactivation and VEGF secretion. |
Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitylation assay, proteasome inhibitor experiments, luciferase reporter assay, ELISA |
The EMBO journal |
High |
12912922
|
| 2003 |
In fission yeast, Rpb7 directly interacts in vitro with Seb1 (the S. pombe homolog of Nrd1, an RNA-binding protein for 3′-end formation of snRNA/snoRNA). Two-hybrid and in vitro binding identified Glu166/Asp167 near the Rpb7 C-terminus as critical for the interaction. S. cerevisiae Rpb7 also interacts with Nrd1, showing evolutionary conservation. This suggests Rpb7 anchors an RNA-processing factor to the Pol II apparatus. |
Two-hybrid screen, in vitro direct binding, site-directed mutagenesis |
Nucleic acids research |
Medium |
12907709
|
| 2003 |
A conditional mutation in the shared Rpb6 subunit (Q100R) causes selective loss of Rpb4 and Rpb7 from purified Pol II. Interaction experiments support a direct association between Rpb6 and Rpb4, identifying Rpb6 as one contact point through which the Rpb4/Rpb7 subcomplex associates with the Pol II core. |
Genetic screen, polymerase purification, interaction experiments (pulldown/co-IP) |
Molecular and cellular biology |
Medium |
12697831
|
| 2005 |
UV cross-linking of uridine analogs in the first 6 nt of nascent RNA demonstrates that the emerging transcript contacts Rpb7 in Pol II elongation complexes carrying 26–32 nt transcripts; this interaction is greatly reduced at 41–43 nt and absent at 125 nt, establishing groove 1 (pointing toward Rpb4/Rpb7) as the nascent RNA exit path. |
UV cross-linking with uridine analogs on reconstituted elongation complexes |
Nature structural & molecular biology |
High |
16327806
|
| 2005 |
Crystal structure of the human Rpb4/Rpb7 heterodimer was determined at 2.7 Å. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved surface residues in Rpb7 (and archaeal subunit E), combined with EMSA RNA-binding assays, identified an elongated surface spanning the OB-fold B4–B5 loop and extending to the N-terminal domain as the RNA-binding interface. |
X-ray crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, EMSA |
Nucleic acids research |
High |
16282592
|
| 2005 |
Fission yeast Rpb7 has a specific role in transcription of centromeric pre-siRNA precursors required for RNAi-directed heterochromatin formation. The rpb7-G150D point mutation specifically impairs centromeric pre-siRNA transcription (and thus RNAi silencing) without equivalent effects seen with other Pol II subunit mutants. |
Point mutation analysis, centromeric transcription assays, RNAi/heterochromatin reporter assays |
Genes & development |
Medium |
16204182
|
| 2005 |
In fission yeast, Rpb7 interacts with both GAPDH and actin. GAPDH was identified as an Rpb7-binding protein by two-hybrid screen and confirmed by affinity purification from S. pombe extract using an Rpb4/Rpb7-coupled column. Actin was identified as a Pol II-associated protein and shown to interact with Rpb7. |
Two-hybrid screen, affinity purification (Rpb4/Rpb7-coupled column pull-down) |
FEBS letters |
Low |
15620689
|
| 2005 |
Mutations in the N-terminal RNP-like domain of S. cerevisiae Rpb7 impair stress responses (high-temperature growth, sporulation) and increase Rpb7's dependence on Rpb4 for Pol II interaction. RNA polymerase pulldown assays revealed two crucial interaction points between the Rpb4/Rpb7 subcomplex and the core: the N-terminal RNP-like domain of Rpb7 and the partially ordered N-terminus of Rpb4 (contacting Rpb2). |
Mutagenesis, RNA polymerase pulldown assay, complementation analysis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
18056993
|
| 2007 |
In Pyrococcus furiosus, the archaeal RPB7 ortholog E' (subunit E') stimulates Pol II core enzyme activity at low temperatures and promotes open complex formation (bubble formation at multiple positions in the transcription bubble), as shown by permanganate footprinting of reconstituted transcription complexes. Subunit F did not significantly contribute to catalytic activity. |
Reconstitution of archaeal RNA polymerase, permanganate footprinting, in vitro transcription at varying temperatures |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
17311916
|
| 2008 |
ChIP experiments in live human cells show that Rpb7 remains associated with Pol II during early elongation (not solely at initiation as previously believed), and under stress conditions Rpb7 association extends to late elongation stages, suggesting a role in stabilizing transcribing polymerase throughout the transcription cycle. |
TAP-ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) with quantitative PCR across promoter-proximal and downstream transcribed regions in human cells |
The Biochemical journal |
Medium |
17848138
|
| 2008 |
Pull-down assays confirmed direct in vitro interaction between the first 57 residues of the EWS N-terminal activation domain (EAD) and hsRPB7, forming a stable complex. |
In vitro pull-down assay with recombinant proteins |
Molecular biology reports |
Low |
18607770
|
| 2013 |
Quantitative proteomics demonstrated that Rpb4/Rpb7 dissociate from Pol II upon interaction with transcriptional elongation-associated proteins recruited to the hyperphosphorylated CTD (Ser2-P form). Pol II isolated through Rpb7 is depleted in Ser2-CTD phosphorylation, indicating Rpb4/7 are dispensable during specific elongation stages. |
Quantitative proteomics (mass spectrometry), immunoprecipitation via Rpb7-tagged Pol II |
Molecular & cellular proteomics |
Medium |
23418395
|
| 2023 |
Rpb7 functions as a repressor of transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TCR) in S. cerevisiae. The Rpb7 region interacting with the KOW3 domain of Spt5 represses TCR through a common mechanism with Spt4/Spt5. The Rpb7 regions contacting Rpb4 and/or core RNAPII repress TCR largely independently of Spt4/Spt5, as shown by synergistic enhancement of TCR derepression when combined with spt4Δ. |
Genetic epistasis (double mutants), TCR assays at specific gene loci, UV sensitivity assays |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
37380080
|
| 2025 |
RPB7 stabilizes RPB1 (the largest Pol II subunit): depletion of RPB7 destabilizes RPB1 via the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin 3. Stabilization depends on the loop regions of RPB7, CDK9, the CTD and linker region of RPB1. RPB7 also interacts with the phosphatase CTDP1, which is required for RPB1 stability. RPB7 is essential for Pol II reinitiation, engages RNA-processing factors, and localizes to the RNA exit channel; its absence compromises RNA processing. |
RPB7 depletion experiments, co-immunoprecipitation (RPB7-CTDP1 interaction), ubiquitylation assay (Cullin 3), reinitiation assays, RNA processing assays, localization data |
Nature communications |
Medium |
40038320
|
| 2005 |
Mapping of the Rpb4–Rpb7 interaction interface by two-hybrid analysis with truncation mutants showed that both the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of Rpb7 are required for interaction with Rpb4, and that N-terminal deletions of Rpb4 (beyond 49 residues) progressively abolish interaction with Rpb7. |
Yeast two-hybrid with truncation mutants, computational structural analysis |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Low |
15913559
|