Affinage

POLR1E

DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA49 · UniProt Q9GZS1

Length
419 aa
Mass
47.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
46 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

POLR1E (PAF53) is a constitutive, stoichiometric subunit of RNA polymerase I that is essential for accurate rDNA transcription and cell proliferation (PMID:9254723, PMID:31727736, PMID:28042089). It assembles into a heterodimer with PAF49 through PAF49's N-terminal segment (mammalian residues 41–86), an interface conserved with the yeast Rpa34.5/Rpa49 module (PMID:15226435, PMID:22849406), and this co-dependent pair is mutually stabilizing such that loss of PAF49 triggers PAF53 degradation, nucleolar stress, and p53 accumulation (PMID:37356716). PAF53 functions across the Pol I transcription cycle: it interacts with the upstream binding factor UBF to enable accurate initiation (PMID:8641287), and its recruitment to rDNA is driven by acetylation of UBF (PMID:16582105). Studies of the yeast orthologue establish that the heterodimer acts through the Pol I jaw-lobe interface to stimulate elongation and high polymerase loading rates, facilitates passage through nucleosomal barriers, and supports backtracking, RNA cleavage, and transcriptional fidelity (PMID:31136569, PMID:32060094, PMID:35341765); the protein's C-terminal tandem-winged-helix DNA-binding domain, heterodimerization domain, and an HTH-containing linker that forms a second DNA-binding module are all required for function (PMID:31727736). PAF53 activity is regulated by reversible acetylation at lysine 373, deacetylated by SIRT7 to promote Pol I–rDNA association and acetylated by CBP, with stress-induced release of SIRT7 from nucleoli causing hyperacetylation and transcriptional repression (PMID:24207024).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 19 steps
  1. 1996 High

    Established PAF53 as a Pol I factor physically engaging UBF and functionally required for promoter-specific initiation, distinguishing it from general transcription activity.

    Evidence GST pull-down, Far-Western, and antibody inhibition of in vitro rRNA-promoter transcription, with nucleolar immunofluorescence

    PMID:8641287

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define which PAF53 domain contacts UBF
    • Role beyond initiation (elongation, termination) untested
  2. 1997 High

    Resolved whether PAF53 is a regulatory adaptor or a core enzyme component by showing a constant stoichiometric ratio to RPA116 across growth and repression states.

    Evidence Immunoblot, Co-IP, and immunofluorescence comparing purified Pol I fractions under serum starvation, actinomycin, and mitosis

    PMID:9254723

    Open questions at the time
    • Constitutive association leaves open how transcriptional output is regulated
    • No structural placement within Pol I
  3. 2000 Medium

    Tracked the dynamics of PAF53/Pol I assembly during meiosis, showing stepwise Pol I disassembly distinct from UBF retention.

    Evidence High-resolution confocal immunofluorescence in mouse oocytes with okadaic acid treatment

    PMID:10882521

    Open questions at the time
    • Descriptive localization without mechanism of disassembly
    • Phosphorylation triggers inferred from inhibitor only
  4. 2002 High

    Placed the PAF53 orthologue Rpa49 in a common essential Pol I pathway with the HMG-box protein Hmo1 through genetic epistasis.

    Evidence Suppressor analysis, double-mutant lethality, and rRNA synthesis in S. cerevisiae

    PMID:12374750

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the biochemical step shared by Rpa49 and Hmo1
    • Mammalian relevance of Hmo1 link untested
  5. 2004 High

    Identified PAF49 as the direct heterodimer partner of PAF53 and confirmed both reside in the active Pol I fraction and are required for initiation.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, co-purification, and antibody inhibition/recombinant rescue of in vitro transcription

    PMID:15226435

    Open questions at the time
    • Heterodimer interface not mapped
    • Functional role of dimer beyond initiation unresolved
  6. 2006 High

    Defined acetylation of UBF as a control point that strengthens the UBF–PAF53 interaction and drives Pol I recruitment to rDNA.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP, and inducible HDAC1 overexpression with pre-rRNA measurement

    PMID:16582105

    Open questions at the time
    • Acetyltransferase responsible not identified here
    • Direct vs. indirect effect on PAF53 not separated
  7. 2007 High

    Defined the dual mechanistic role of the Rpa49/Rpa34 (PAF53/PAF49) heterodimer in recruiting Rrn3 and in releasing Rrn3 from elongating polymerase.

    Evidence Two-hybrid, Co-IP, ChIP, and genetic mutant analysis in yeast

    PMID:18086878

    Open questions at the time
    • Mammalian conservation of Rrn3 handoff not directly shown here
    • Structural basis of Rrn3 release unknown
  8. 2010 Medium

    Identified hALP as an acetyltransferase that acetylates UBF, promotes UBF–PAF53 association, and drives PAF53 nuclear translocation.

    Evidence Co-IP, GST pull-down, immunofluorescence, and HAT-dead mutant analysis

    PMID:21177859

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab finding without independent confirmation
    • Physiological context regulating PAF53 import unclear
  9. 2011 High

    Quantified the elongation contribution of the PAF53 orthologue, showing it is required for nucleolar structure and high polymerase loading, and that function is conserved across species.

    Evidence Genetic deletion, heterospecific complementation with human/S. pombe orthologues, and Miller-spread electron microscopy in yeast

    PMID:21263028

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of loading-rate increase not resolved here
    • Link to specific Pol I structural elements pending
  10. 2012 Medium

    Mapped the heterodimerization interface to PAF49 residues 41–86 and demonstrated its conservation via a functional yeast chimera.

    Evidence Deletion/substitution mutagenesis, Co-IP, and chimeric-protein heterodimerization assays

    PMID:22849406

    Open questions at the time
    • Crystal structure of the interface not determined
    • Consequences of interface disruption on transcription untested here
  11. 2013 High

    Established lysine 373 acetylation as a regulatory switch on PAF53 controlled by SIRT7 and CBP, linking stress signaling to Pol I activity.

    Evidence In vitro deacetylation, K373 site-directed mutagenesis, ChIP, Co-IP, RNA-binding, and stress-condition experiments

    PMID:24207024

    Open questions at the time
    • How K373 acetylation alters PAF53 contacts mechanistically unresolved
    • Other PAF53 modification sites not surveyed
  12. 2014 Medium

    Showed the PAF49/PAF53 heterodimer contacts Rrn3 in mammals and that PAF49 acetylation tunes heterodimer affinity for Pol I without disrupting dimerization.

    Evidence Co-IP, acetylation analysis, and affinity binding assays

    PMID:25225125

    Open questions at the time
    • Acetyltransferase/deacetylase for PAF49 not identified
    • In vivo significance of affinity change untested
  13. 2016 Medium

    Demonstrated PAF53 is essential for mammalian cell survival, as knockout could not be obtained without ectopic rescue.

    Evidence CRISPR/Cas9 editing with locus sequencing and Western blot in 293 cells

    PMID:28042089

    Open questions at the time
    • Essentiality shown by inability to knock out, not by clean conditional depletion
    • Cause of lethality not dissected here
  14. 2016 Medium

    Positioned PAF53 recruitment downstream of NAT10-mediated UBF acetylation, adding another acetyltransferase to the recruitment cascade.

    Evidence In vitro autoacetylation, NAT10 K426R mutagenesis, Co-IP, ChIP, and pre-rRNA measurement

    PMID:27993683

    Open questions at the time
    • Relationship between NAT10 and other UBF acetyltransferases (hALP) unresolved
    • Direct PAF53 contact with NAT10 not shown
  15. 2019 High

    Defined the domain architecture required for PAF53 function, including a second HTH DNA-binding module in the linker, using clean conditional depletion in mammalian cells.

    Evidence Auxin-inducible degron depletion plus systematic domain-deletion mutagenesis with rDNA transcription and growth assays

    PMID:31727736

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise DNA target of the HTH module unknown
    • How the two DNA-binding domains coordinate on rDNA unresolved
  16. 2019 High

    Localized PAF53/Rpa49 elongation stimulation to the Pol I jaw-lobe interface through suppressor genetics and biochemistry.

    Evidence Suppressor screen, in vitro tailed-template transcription, and ChIP of Pol I density in yeast

    PMID:31136569

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural snapshot of the active jaw-lobe conformation not captured
    • Mammalian conservation of this allosteric route untested
  17. 2020 High

    Showed the heterodimer enables Pol I processivity through nucleosomal barriers, extending its role to chromatin transcription.

    Evidence In vitro transcription with purified WT and subunit-deletion Pol I on naked and nucleosomal templates, compared with Pol II/III

    PMID:32060094

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of nucleosome destabilization by the heterodimer unresolved
    • In vivo chromatin templates not directly tested
  18. 2022 High

    Assigned a proofreading function to the heterodimer by showing its N-terminal domains drive backtracking and RNA cleavage required for fidelity.

    Evidence In vitro transcription, RNA cleavage, backtracking, and fidelity assays with purified mutant Pol I

    PMID:35341765

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution of mammalian PAF53 to fidelity not directly tested
    • Interplay with Rpa12.2 C-terminal domain only partly resolved
  19. 2023 High

    Established the co-dependent stability of the heterodimer (PAF49 loss degrades PAF53 but not vice versa) and identified the PAF49–PolR1B interaction as a druggable Pol I dependency in cancer cells.

    Evidence Auxin degron depletion, domain mutagenesis, Co-IP, and viability assays comparing cancer vs. normal cells

    PMID:37356716

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the PAF49–PolR1B 'arm' interaction not defined
    • Selectivity window for cancer-cell killing not mechanistically explained

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the multiple regulatory layers (K373 acetylation, UBF-acetylation-driven recruitment, jaw-lobe elongation control) are integrated in vivo, and whether mammalian PAF53 directly contributes to proofreading, remains unresolved.
  • No integrated structural model of regulated PAF53 across the transcription cycle
  • Direct mammalian assays for backtracking/fidelity lacking
  • Disease association of POLR1E not established in the corpus

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 2 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005730 nucleolus 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 2 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 2
Partners
CBPPAF49POLR1BRPA116RRN3SIRT7UBF
Complex memberships
PAF53–PAF49 heterodimerRNA polymerase I

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 PAF53 (POLR1E) interacts with the upstream binding factor UBF in vitro, as demonstrated by Far-Western blotting and GST pull-down assays. Anti-PAF53 antibody blocks specific transcription from the mouse rRNA promoter but not random (non-specific) transcription, establishing PAF53 as required for accurate initiation of Pol I transcription. PAF53 accumulates in the nucleolus of growing cells. GST pull-down, Far-Western blotting, antibody inhibition of in vitro transcription, immunofluorescence The EMBO journal High 8641287
1997 PAF53 is a constitutive, stoichiometric subunit of RNA Pol I rather than a loosely associated regulatory factor. The molar ratio of PAF53 to the second-largest subunit RPA116 is constant across crude and highly purified Pol I fractions and does not change between exponentially growing and growth-arrested cells. Under all conditions of repressed rDNA transcription tested (serum starvation, actinomycin treatment, mitosis), PAF53 remains attached to the Pol I complex. Immunoblot analysis, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, comparison of purified Pol I fractions Chromosoma High 9254723
2000 In mouse oocytes, the RNA Pol I subunits RPA116 and PAF53/RPA53 co-localize with UBF within discrete nucleolar foci regardless of transcription status. After germinal vesicle breakdown, the RNA Pol I complex (including PAF53) disassembles from chromosomes in a step-wise manner during meiosis, whereas UBF remains chromosome-associated until late prometaphase I. Neither RNA Pol I nor PAF53 is detectable at metaphase II. High-resolution immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, phosphatase inhibitor (okadaic acid) treatment Developmental biology Medium 10882521
2002 Overexpression of the yeast HMG-box protein Hmo1 suppresses the growth defect of rpa49-Δ mutants (lacking the PAF53 yeast orthologue) and strongly increases de novo rRNA synthesis. Double mutants rpa49-Δ hmo1-Δ are lethal, and this lethality is bypassed when RNA Pol II synthesizes rRNA, placing Rpa49/PAF53 and Hmo1 in the same essential Pol I transcription pathway. Genetic epistasis, suppressor analysis, rRNA synthesis measurement, double-mutant lethality rescue The EMBO journal High 12374750
2004 PAF53 interacts physically with PAF49 through PAF49's N-terminal segment, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Both PAF49 and PAF53 co-purify with the transcriptionally active fraction of Pol I. Anti-PAF49 antibody severely impairs specific in vitro transcription from the mouse rRNA promoter, which is rescued by recombinant PAF49. Co-immunoprecipitation, co-purification, in vitro transcription assay with antibody inhibition and rescue Molecular and cellular biology High 15226435
2006 Acetylation of UBF (occurring in S-phase) augments the interaction between UBF and PAF53 and promotes Pol I recruitment to rDNA. In cells overexpressing HDAC1, UBF is hypoacetylated, co-immunoprecipitation of UBF with anti-PAF53 antibody is abolished, and Pol I association with rDNA and pre-rRNA synthesis are reduced. Co-immunoprecipitation, inducible HDAC1 overexpression, ChIP, in vitro pull-down Nucleic acids research High 16582105
2007 The yeast Rpa49 (PAF53 orthologue) and Rpa34 subunits form a heterodimer; Rpa34 binds the N-terminal region of Rpa49 in a two-hybrid assay, and Rpa34 is lost from Pol I in an rpa49 mutant lacking this binding domain. The Rpa49–Rpa34 dimer has a dual role: it partially facilitates recruitment of the initiation factor Rrn3 to the rDNA promoter and is required for release of Rrn3 from the elongating polymerase. Two-hybrid assay, co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, genetic mutant analysis, mycophenolate treatment Molecular and cellular biology High 18086878
2010 The acetyltransferase hALP acetylates UBF and promotes the association of UBF with PAF53, as well as facilitating nuclear translocation of PAF53 from cytoplasm to nucleus. GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation showed that hALP binds UBF in vitro and in vivo. HAT-inactive hALP fails to promote these effects. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, immunofluorescence (nuclear translocation), HAT-mutant analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 21177859
2011 Deletion of RPA49 (PAF53 orthologue) in S. cerevisiae leads to disappearance of nucleolar structure and a fourfold decrease in Pol I loading rate per rDNA gene, as assessed by Miller spread analysis. Human and S. pombe orthologues of Rpa49 functionally complement the S. cerevisiae rpa49-Δ growth defect (heterospecific complementation), demonstrating functional conservation. Reducing rDNA copy number from 190 to 25 restores nucleolar assembly in rpa49-Δ cells. Genetic deletion, heterospecific complementation, Miller spread electron microscopy, quantitative statistical analysis of polymerase loading The Journal of cell biology High 21263028
2013 SIRT7 deacetylates PAF53 at lysine 373, and CBP acetylates PAF53 at the same residue. Hypoacetylation of PAF53 (by SIRT7) correlates with increased Pol I occupancy on rDNA and transcription activation, while hyperacetylation (upon SIRT7 release from nucleoli under stress) correlates with decreased Pol I transcription. SIRT7 is retained in nucleoli through binding to nascent pre-rRNA; stress conditions release SIRT7 from nucleoli, leading to PAF53 hyperacetylation. In vitro deacetylation assay, site-directed mutagenesis (K373), ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, RNA-binding assay, stress-condition experiments Molecular cell High 24207024
2012 PAF53 (and the broader Pol I elongation machinery including Rpa34/Rpa49 in yeast) is characterized as a built-in elongation factor essential for the extremely high rate of rRNA production per gene. The PAF53/CAST heterodimer in humans is the functional counterpart of Rpa34/Rpa49 in yeast for rRNA elongation. Review/synthesis of genetic and biochemical data (not a primary experimental paper, but synthesizes established results) Genetics research international Low 22567380
2012 In mammalian PAF49 and PAF53, the dimerization interface maps to amino acids 41–86 of PAF49 (sufficient for heterodimerization), consistent with homologous regions in yeast A34.5. Substitution of amino acids 52–98 of yeast A34.5 with amino acids 41–86 of mammalian PAF49 produces a chimeric protein that can heterodimerize with mouse PAF53, demonstrating structural/functional conservation of the dimerization domain. Deletion and substitution mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, in silico structural analysis Biochemistry Medium 22849406
2014 The PAF49/PAF53 heterodimer interacts physically with the initiation factor Rrn3 (TIF-IA). The acetylation state of PAF49 regulates association of the heterodimer with Pol I: hypoacetylated heterodimer binds Pol I with greater affinity than acetylated heterodimer. Acetylation of PAF49 does not affect PAF49–PAF53 heterodimerization itself. Co-immunoprecipitation, acetylation analysis, affinity binding assays Gene Medium 25225125
2016 NAT10 autoacetylation at K426 is required for its ability to acetylate UBF, which in turn recruits PAF53 and RNA Pol I to rDNA. The K426R mutant of NAT10 still binds UBF but cannot acetylate it and fails to recruit PAF53 or Pol I to rDNA, resulting in inhibition of pre-rRNA transcription. In vitro autoacetylation assay, site-directed mutagenesis (K426R), co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, pre-rRNA measurement Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 27993683
2019 PAF53 (mammalian orthologue of yeast Rpa49) is essential for rDNA transcription and mitotic cell growth in mammalian cells, as demonstrated by auxin-inducible degron depletion. All three PAF53 domains are required for function: the C-terminal tandem-winged helix (DNA-binding), the heterodimerization domain, and the linker domain. The linker contains a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif that constitutes a second DNA-binding domain and is essential for function in both yeast and mammalian orthologues. CRISPR/Cas9 + auxin-inducible degron system, domain-deletion mutagenesis, rDNA transcription assays, cell growth assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 31727736
2019 In yeast, extragenic suppressors of rpa49-Δ growth defect map to the jaw-lobe module of Pol I (interface between lobe of Rpa135 and jaw of Rpa190/Rpa12), and the suppressor allele Rpa135-F301S restores normal rRNA synthesis and increases Pol I density on rDNA in the absence of Rpa49. In vitro tailed-template assays show Pol I bearing Rpa135-F301S is hyperactive, indicating Rpa49 (PAF53 orthologue) normally acts through this jaw-lobe interface to stimulate Pol I elongation activity. Genetic suppressor screen, biochemical rRNA synthesis analysis, in vitro tailed-template transcription assay, ChIP (Pol I density) PLoS genetics High 31136569
2020 Pol I mutants lacking the heterodimeric subunit Rpa34.5/Rpa49 (PAF49/PAF53 orthologue) show reduced processivity on naked DNA templates and even further reduced processivity in the presence of a nucleosomal barrier. Purified wild-type Pol I and Pol III (but not Pol II) can transcribe nucleosomal templates; the lobe-binding subunits Rpa34.5/Rpa49 facilitate passage through nucleosomes, suggesting a role for the PAF49/PAF53 heterodimer in chromatin transcription. In vitro transcription assays with purified WT and mutant Pol I on naked DNA and nucleosomal templates; comparison with Pol II and Pol III The Journal of biological chemistry High 32060094
2016 PAF53 is essential for mammalian cell survival. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of PAF53 in human 293 cells was only achieved when cells were simultaneously rescued with ectopic FLAG-tagged mouse PAF53. In the absence of ectopic expression, cells employed alternative survival mechanisms (recombination, alternative reading frames) to maintain PAF53 expression, and no clone lacking all PAF53 expression was obtained. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, DNA sequencing of modified loci, Western blot Gene Medium 28042089
2023 PAF49 is essential for rDNA transcription and cell division in mammalian cells. Auxin-induced degradation of PAF49 leads to degradation of its binding partner PAF53 (but not vice versa), demonstrating a co-dependent stability relationship. PAF49 depletion induces nucleolar stress and p53 accumulation. The dimerization domain of PAF49 and an 'arm' domain that interacts with PolR1B are both required for rDNA transcription. Disruption of the PAF49–PolR1B interaction inhibits Pol I transcription and causes cancer cell death while arresting normal cells. Auxin-inducible degron system, domain deletion mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, rDNA transcription assays, cell viability assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 37356716
2022 In the yeast system, the N-terminal domains of the Rpa34.5/Rpa49 heterodimer (PAF49/PAF53 orthologue) facilitate backtracking and RNA cleavage activity of Pol I in defined in vitro systems. The heterodimer, together with the C-terminal domain of Rpa12.2, is required for transcription fidelity (faithful NTP incorporation), suggesting that efficient backtracking and RNA cleavage enabled by the heterodimer are prerequisites for proofreading. In vitro transcription assays with purified mutant Pol I variants, RNA cleavage assays, backtracking assays, fidelity assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 35341765

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 46 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2013 Repression of RNA polymerase I upon stress is caused by inhibition of RNA-dependent deacetylation of PAF53 by SIRT7. Molecular cell 167 24207024
2002 Hmo1, an HMG-box protein, belongs to the yeast ribosomal DNA transcription system. The EMBO journal 96 12374750
2014 Sirtuin 7 in cell proliferation, stress and disease: Rise of the Seventh Sirtuin! Cellular signalling 95 25435428
1996 RNA polymerase I associated factor 53 binds to the nucleolar transcription factor UBF and functions in specific rDNA transcription. The EMBO journal 87 8641287
2012 Mechanical loading induces the expression of a Pol I regulon at the onset of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 82 22403788
2007 Two RNA polymerase I subunits control the binding and release of Rrn3 during transcription. Molecular and cellular biology 71 18086878
2000 RNA polymerase I transcription in confluent cells: Rb downregulates rDNA transcription during confluence-induced cell cycle arrest. Oncogene 70 10918607
2011 RNA polymerase I-specific subunits promote polymerase clustering to enhance the rRNA gene transcription cycle. The Journal of cell biology 68 21263028
2010 hALP, a novel transcriptional U three protein (t-UTP), activates RNA polymerase I transcription by binding and acetylating the upstream binding factor (UBF). The Journal of biological chemistry 57 21177859
2016 Autoacetylation of NAT10 is critical for its function in rRNA transcription activation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 53 27993683
2000 Functional and molecular reorganization of the nucleolar apparatus in maturing mouse oocytes. Developmental biology 50 10882521
1992 Characterization and mutagenesis of the gene encoding the A49 subunit of RNA polymerase A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 50 1409638
1997 Constitutive and strong association of PAF53 with RNA polymerase I. Chromosoma 46 9254723
2017 Heterozygous De Novo UBTF Gain-of-Function Variant Is Associated with Neurodegeneration in Childhood. American journal of human genetics 42 28777933
2013 Structure-function analysis of Hmo1 unveils an ancestral organization of HMG-Box factors involved in ribosomal DNA transcription from yeast to human. Nucleic acids research 42 24021628
2006 Acetylation of UBF changes during the cell cycle and regulates the interaction of UBF with RNA polymerase I. Nucleic acids research 39 16582105
2008 Identification of common traits in improved xylose-growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for inverse metabolic engineering. Yeast (Chichester, England) 35 19061191
2004 Multiple protein-protein interactions by RNA polymerase I-associated factor PAF49 and role of PAF49 in rRNA transcription. Molecular and cellular biology 35 15226435
2013 Tumour expression of bladder cancer-associated urinary proteins. BJU international 32 23470167
2012 Regulation of ribosomal RNA production by RNA polymerase I: does elongation come first? Genetics research international 32 22567380
2003 Regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis during the final phases of porcine oocyte growth. Biology of reproduction 26 14627545
2019 Genetic analyses led to the discovery of a super-active mutant of the RNA polymerase I. PLoS genetics 25 31136569
2020 RNA polymerase I (Pol I) passage through nucleosomes depends on Pol I subunits binding its lobe structure. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 32060094
2022 Comprehensive analysis of dysregulated circular RNAs and construction of a ceRNA network involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease in a 5 × FAD mouse model. Frontiers in aging neuroscience 21 36466608
2003 Immunolocalization of upstream binding factor and pocket protein p130 during final stages of bovine oocyte growth. Biology of reproduction 17 14613906
2003 Expression of nucleolar-related proteins in porcine preimplantation embryos produced in vivo and in vitro. Biology of reproduction 16 14585813
2022 RNA polymerase I (Pol I) lobe-binding subunit Rpa12.2 promotes RNA cleavage and proofreading. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 35341765
2020 Dynamics of the RNA polymerase I TFIIF/TFIIE-like subcomplex: a mini-review. Biochemical Society transactions 13 32915199
2019 Conditional depletion of the RNA polymerase I subunit PAF53 reveals that it is essential for mitosis and enables identification of functional domains. The Journal of biological chemistry 12 31727736
2014 Regulation of the association of the PAF53/PAF49 heterodimer with RNA polymerase I. Gene 12 25225125
2012 Characterization of the interactions of mammalian RNA polymerase I associated proteins PAF53 and PAF49. Biochemistry 12 22849406
2003 The fission yeast RPA51 is a functional homolog of the budding yeast A49 subunit of RNA polymerase I and required for maximizing transcription of ribosomal DNA. Genes & genetic systems 12 12893961
2008 Impairments in embryonic genome activation in rhesus monkey somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Cloning and stem cells 11 18315500
2018 Identification of factors that promote biogenesis of tRNACGASer. RNA biology 10 30269676
2023 PAF49: An RNA Polymerase I subunit essential for rDNA transcription and stabilization of PAF53. The Journal of biological chemistry 8 37356716
1997 Sequence analysis of the 33 kb long region between ORC5 and SUI1 from the left arm of chromosome XIV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast (Chichester, England) 8 9234673
2022 LP07 and LLC preclinical models of lung cancer induce divergent anabolic deficits and expression of pro-inflammatory effectors of muscle wasting. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 7 36201324
2018 Polymerase-1 pathway activation in acute multiple sclerosis relapse. Autoimmunity reviews 6 30316990
2013 TNF-alpha and melphalan modulate a specific group of early expressed genes in a murine melanoma model. Cytokine 6 23534980
2016 PAF53 is essential in mammalian cells: CRISPR/Cas9 fails to eliminate PAF53 expression. Gene 4 28042089
2005 Re-localization of nuclear DNA helicase II during the growth period of bovine oocytes. Histochemistry and cell biology 4 16187064
2021 The Mammalian and Yeast A49 and A34 Heterodimers: Homologous but Not the Same. Genes 3 33921963
2026 Pharmacogenomics of antiepileptic drug mood stabilizer treatment response in bipolar disorder: A MoStGen Consortium study. Molecular psychiatry 1 41714438
2026 Unfolding the enigma of familial Hodgkin lymphoma: Current insights. World journal of clinical cases 0 41551691
2025 Evolutionary and Structural Insights into the RNA Polymerase I A34 Protein Family: A Focus on Intrinsic Disorder and Phase Separation. Genes 0 39858608
2013 Meeting report for Odd Pols 2012. Gene 0 23608169

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for POLR1E? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.