Affinage

PIK3CB

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform · UniProt P42338

Length
1070 aa
Mass
122.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
39 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PIK3CB encodes the p110β catalytic subunit of class IA PI3K and is the dominant PI3K isoform sustaining PI3K/AKT pathway activation in PTEN-deficient tumors, where its lipid kinase activity is selectively required for signaling and growth in a manner that p110α cannot substitute for (PMID:18755892, PMID:21188471). This isoform dependence extends across cancer contexts including glioblastoma, where genetic or pharmacologic p110β blockade collapses PI3K signaling, viability, and xenograft growth (PMID:29016844, PMID:21188471). Beyond its catalytic role, p110β drives a distinct transformed phenotype through direct binding to RAC1, producing RAC1 hyperactivation, lamellipodia, and partial EMT that diverges from the p110α H1047R program (PMID:33526718), and PIK3CB depletion blocks invasion by suppressing cell adhesion to collagen I and reduces metastasis in vivo (PMID:34603784). Oncogenic point mutations activate the kinase: D1067Y elevates membrane PIP3 to recruit and activate AKT and PDK1, behaving as an oncogene and conferring resistance to pan-PI3K inhibition that is reversible by downstream AKT or mTORC1/2 inhibition (PMID:26759240), while the catalytic-domain E1051K mutant confers gain-of-function signaling, growth, and migration with sensitivity to p110β-selective inhibitors (PMID:29279775). PIK3CB expression is tightly controlled at multiple layers: transcriptionally by SP1 binding the promoter (PMID:38356702) and by hnRNPL phase-separated condensates that drive glycolysis through a promoter-derived non-coding RNA feedback loop (PMID:40413189); and translationally by m6A methylation via the METTL3/METTL14/WTAP–YTHDF2 axis (PMID:32312789) and by PDCD4 binding the PIK3CB 5'UTR IRES to suppress translation and promote apoptosis (PMID:39190024). Downstream, p110β signals through AKT to FOXO1 and mTOR to control proliferation, survival, adhesion, and glycolysis (PMID:34745943, PMID:40413189).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 2008 High

    Established that PIK3CB, not PIK3CA, is the catalytically essential PI3K isoform in PTEN-deficient cancers, defining the isoform-specific therapeutic target rationale.

    Evidence Inducible isoform-specific shRNA knockdown with kinase-dead rescue in cell and xenograft models

    PMID:18755892

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not resolve the structural basis of p110β preferential activation in the PTEN-null state
    • Mechanism of how PTEN loss shifts dependence from p110α to p110β not defined
  2. 2010 Medium

    Confirmed the isoform-specific p110β dependence in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma and showed synergy of PIK3CB knockdown with PTEN restoration, extending the dependence to a second tumor context with downstream cell-cycle and apoptotic readouts.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown of PIK3CB vs PIK3CA, PTEN restoration, cell cycle and apoptosis assays, nude mouse xenograft

    PMID:21188471

    Open questions at the time
    • Single tumor type
    • Does not address resistance mechanisms
  3. 2016 High

    Identified PIK3CB activating mutation D1067Y as an oncogenic driver that elevates membrane PIP3 and recruits AKT/PDK1, explaining a mechanism of pan-PI3K inhibitor resistance and pointing to downstream inhibitors as a rescue strategy.

    Evidence Stable mutant expression, PIP3 membrane imaging, AKT/PDK1 localization, transformation assays, pharmacological rescue

    PMID:26759240

    Open questions at the time
    • Clinical frequency of D1067Y not established by this study
    • Structural mechanism of constitutive activation not resolved
  4. 2017 Medium

    Showed the catalytic-domain mutant E1051K from castrate-resistant prostate cancer is gain-of-function and remains sensitive to p110β-selective inhibition, distinguishing it pharmacologically from pan-PI3K-resistant mutants.

    Evidence Mutant expression, PI3K signaling, growth and migration assays, p110β-selective inhibitor treatment

    PMID:29279775

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab study
    • Comparison to D1067Y resistance profile not directly addressed
  5. 2021 High

    Defined a kinase-activity-independent oncogenic mechanism: direct p110β–RAC1 binding drives a RAC1-dependent transformation program distinct from p110α H1047R, revealing functional divergence between PI3K isoforms.

    Evidence MCF-10A overexpression, Rac1-binding mutant mutagenesis, RAC1 activation and morphology assays

    PMID:33526718

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RAC1 binding cooperates with or is independent of lipid kinase activity in tumors not fully resolved
    • In vivo requirement of the RAC1-binding interface not tested
  6. 2021 Medium

    Linked PIK3CB to invasion and metastasis through a specific cell-biological output—adhesion to collagen I—rather than generic growth, identifying the relevant matrix substrate.

    Evidence PIK3CB knockdown, collagen I adhesion and invasion assays, in vivo metastasis model

    PMID:34603784

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor/integrin link between p110β and collagen I adhesion not defined
    • Single tumor type
  7. 2007 Medium

    First evidence for cis-regulation of PIK3CB transcription, showing a promoter variant creating a GATA site alters expression and links PIK3CB to insulin sensitivity, establishing it as a physiologically regulated eQTL beyond cancer.

    Evidence GATA-binding assays, promoter-reporter transfection, lymphocyte expression, population HOMA-IR association

    PMID:17977952

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link between expression change and insulin signaling not dissected
    • Association cohort-based
  8. 2020 Medium

    Revealed translational/post-transcriptional control of PIK3CB by m6A methylation, with a variant that reduces methylation elevating PIK3CB and driving PTEN-deficient PDAC, connecting epitranscriptomic regulation to PI3K output.

    Evidence m6A assays, METTL3/METTL14/WTAP–YTHDF2 manipulation, in vivo PDAC models, KIN-193 treatment

    PMID:32312789

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether m6A regulates stability vs translation not fully separated
    • Single lab
  9. 2021 Medium

    Placed PIK3CB downstream of an epigenetic SET8/H4K20me1 mark in an apoptosis axis, identifying chromatin-level transcriptional control of PIK3CB feeding AKT/FOXO1 signaling.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, SET8 knockdown, H4K20me1 ChIP-PCR, LukS-PV treatment, AKT/FOXO1 and apoptosis assays

    PMID:34745943

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect regulation by H4K20me1 not fully disentangled
    • Single cell context (AML)
  10. 2024 Medium

    Identified SP1 as a direct transcriptional activator binding a defined PIK3CB promoter region, providing a transcription-factor mechanism for elevated PIK3CB in gastric cancer.

    Evidence ChIP, dual-luciferase promoter reporter, SP1/PIK3CB knockdown, AKT phosphorylation, TGX-221 inhibitor

    PMID:38356702

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream signals regulating SP1 occupancy not defined
    • Single tumor type
  11. 2024 Medium

    Established translational repression of PIK3CB by PDCD4 binding its 5'UTR IRES, defining a tumor-suppressor brake on p110β protein production whose loss reduces apoptosis.

    Evidence RIP-seq, dual-luciferase IRES reporter, RNA pull-down, PDCD4 manipulation, apoptosis rescue with PIK3CB inhibitors

    PMID:39190024

    Open questions at the time
    • IRES element boundaries and trans-acting factors not fully mapped
    • Single cell context (multiple myeloma)
  12. 2025 Medium

    Uncovered phase-separation-based transcriptional activation of PIK3CB by hnRNPL condensates with a promoter-derived ncRNA feedback loop, coupling PIK3CB expression to glycolytic reprogramming.

    Evidence ChIP, phase separation assays, RNA–protein interaction, glycolysis measurement, xenograft and patient-derived organoid models

    PMID:40413189

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality of condensate mechanism beyond ovarian cancer unknown
    • How the ncRNA is itself regulated not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the diverse transcriptional, epitranscriptomic, and translational regulatory inputs onto PIK3CB are integrated, and how its kinase-dependent versus RAC1-binding oncogenic outputs are partitioned in vivo, remains unresolved.
  • No unified model integrating SP1, hnRNPL, m6A, and PDCD4 control of PIK3CB levels
  • Structural basis of p110β isoform-specific activation in PTEN-null cells not defined
  • Relative in vivo contribution of lipid kinase vs RAC1-binding functions unclear

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008289 lipid binding 2 GO:0016740 transferase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 1
Complex memberships
class IA PI3K

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2008 In PTEN-deficient cancer cells, PIK3CB (p110β) but not PIK3CA (p110α) is required to sustain PI3K pathway activation and cell growth; this essential function requires the lipid kinase activity of p110β, established by shRNA-mediated selective knockdown and kinase-dead rescue in cell-based and in vivo xenograft models. Inducible shRNA knockdown (lentiviral), cell growth assays, in vivo xenograft models, kinase-dead mutant rescue Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 18755892
2016 A PIK3CB D1067Y activating mutation confers resistance to pan-PI3K inhibition by elevating PIP3 levels at the cell membrane, promoting AKT and PDK1 membrane localization/activation; this mutant behaves as an oncogene and transforms normal cells, and resistance can be overcome by downstream AKT or mTORC1/2 inhibitors. Stable expression of mutant PIK3CB variants, PIP3 membrane imaging, AKT/PDK1 localization assays, cell transformation assays, pharmacological rescue with AKT/mTORC1/2 inhibitors Cancer research High 26759240
2017 The PIK3CB catalytic domain mutant p110βE1051K (first identified in castrate-resistant prostate cancer) is a gain-of-function oncogenic mutation that drives PI3K signaling, tumorigenic cell growth, and migration; tumor cells expressing this mutant are sensitive to p110β-selective inhibition. Expression of mutant PIK3CB in cells, PI3K signaling assays, cell growth and migration assays, p110β-selective inhibitor treatment Signal transduction and targeted therapy Medium 29279775
2021 PIK3CB (p110β) wild-type overexpression transforms MCF-10A epithelial cells through a signaling loop requiring direct binding to RAC1; p110β-induced transformation involves RAC1 hyperactivation, lamellipodia formation, and a partial EMT (E-cadherin maintained, delamination occurs), distinct from the PIK3CA H1047R-induced phenotype; a Rac1-binding mutant of p110β abolished transformation. MCF-10A overexpression model, Rac1-binding mutant of p110β (loss-of-function mutagenesis), morphological and migration assays, immunofluorescence for lamellipodia/filopodia, RAC1 activation assay, PI3K-AKT signaling assays Journal of cell science High 33526718
2020 m6A methylation of PIK3CB mRNA by the METTL3/METTL14/WTAP writer complex is read by YTHDF2, suppressing PIK3CB mRNA and protein expression; a missense variant rs142933486 in PIK3CB reduces this m6A modification, elevating PIK3CB expression and activating AKT signaling to promote PTEN-deficient PDAC progression. m6A methylation assays, METTL3/METTL14/WTAP and YTHDF2 functional studies, in vitro and in vivo PDAC models, PIK3CB-selective inhibitor KIN-193 treatment Gut Medium 32312789
2007 A C/T variant (rs361072) in the PIK3CB promoter creates a GATA-binding site; the C allele drives increased PIK3CB transcription as shown by GATA-binding assays and reporter transfection, and is associated with reduced insulin resistance (lower HOMA-IR) in obese children, identifying PIK3CB as a cis-acting eQTL for insulin sensitivity. GATA-binding assays, promoter-reporter transfection in cell lines, lymphocyte expression quantification, population genetic association (HOMA-IR measurement) Diabetes Medium 17977952
2017 In a rat subarachnoid hemorrhage model, ErbB4 activation increases YAP expression, which in turn elevates PIK3CB levels; YAP knockdown reduces PIK3CB expression and abolishes the anti-apoptotic effect of ErbB4 activation, placing PIK3CB downstream of ErbB4/YAP in a neuroprotective signaling pathway. ErbB4 siRNA, YAP siRNA, ErbB4 activator (Nrg1β1), immunofluorescence, neurological scoring, rat SAH model Experimental neurology Low 28756200
2024 PDCD4 binds to the IRES element in the 5' UTR of PIK3CB mRNA (confirmed by RNA pull-down and dual luciferase reporter assay), inhibiting PIK3CB translation; PDCD4 knockdown reduces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells, which is rescued by PIK3CB inhibitors, indicating PDCD4 suppresses PIK3CB protein production to promote apoptosis. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation sequencing, dual luciferase IRES reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay, PDCD4 knockdown/overexpression, in vitro and in vivo apoptosis assays FASEB journal Medium 39190024
2024 SP1 transcription factor binds the -771 to -605 region of the PIK3CB promoter (confirmed by ChIP and dual-luciferase assay), activating PIK3CB transcription and driving AKT activation to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase promoter reporter assay, PIK3CB knockdown/overexpression, SP1 knockdown, AKT phosphorylation assays, PIK3CB inhibitor TGX-221 Journal of Cancer Medium 38356702
2021 PIK3CB depletion inhibits invasion specifically by suppressing cell adhesion to collagen I in pancreatic cancer cells, and significantly reduces metastatic potential in vivo in nude mice. PIK3CB knockdown, collagen I adhesion assays, invasion assays, in vivo metastasis model (nude mice), bioinformatic pathway analysis Journal of advanced research Medium 34603784
2021 LukS-PV induces apoptosis in AML cells by downregulating the histone methyltransferase SET8 and its product H4K20me1; ChIP-seq identified PIK3CB as a downstream transcriptional target of the SET8/H4K20me1 mark, placing PIK3CB in a SET8→H4K20me1→PIK3CB→AKT→FOXO1 apoptosis signaling axis. ChIP-seq, SET8 knockdown, H4K20me1 ChIP-PCR, LukS-PV treatment, AKT/FOXO1 signaling assays, apoptosis assays Frontiers in oncology Medium 34745943
2024 PTK7 physically interacts with PIK3CB (confirmed by Co-IP), and USP8-mediated deubiquitination of PTK7 stabilizes PTK7 protein, which in turn positively regulates PIK3CB expression to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway and promote NSCLC malignant progression. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), PTK7/USP8 knockdown, PIK3CB overexpression rescue, western blot (PI3K/AKT), in vivo xenograft Thoracic cancer Low 39552193
2025 hnRNPL forms phase-separated condensates at the PIK3CB promoter to activate PIK3CB transcription; this drives glycolysis and ovarian cancer progression. A non-coding RNA transcribed from the PIK3CB promoter itself interacts with hnRNPL and promotes hnRNPL condensation, creating a positive feedback loop. ChIP, phase separation assays, hnRNPL knockdown/overexpression, PIK3CB promoter reporter, RNA–protein interaction assays, glycolysis measurement, cell-derived xenograft and patient-derived organoid models Nature communications Medium 40413189
2018 PIK3CB (p110β) is the dominant PI3K isoform controlling PI3K signaling in GBM cells; blocking p110β with shRNA or isoform-selective inhibitors deactivates PI3K signaling and suppresses GBM cell viability, growth, and xenograft tumor growth, whereas inhibition of other PI3K isoforms had no effect. shRNA knockdown, isoform-selective inhibitors, MTS/trypan blue viability assays, caspase activity assay, mouse xenograft models, immunoblotting Neuro-oncology Medium 29016844
2010 In PTEN-deficient glioblastoma cells, PIK3CB knockdown (but not PIK3CA knockdown) reduces pAKT levels, inhibits proliferation, arrests cell cycle at G0/G1, and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis; combined PTEN restoration and PIK3CB knockdown shows strong synergy in vitro and completely suppresses xenograft tumor growth. siRNA knockdown of PIK3CB vs. PIK3CA, PTEN restoration, AKT phosphorylation western blot, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, nude mouse xenograft Journal of neuro-oncology Medium 21188471

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 39 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 PTEN-deficient cancers depend on PIK3CB. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 472 18755892
2009 PIK3CA and PIK3CB inhibition produce synthetic lethality when combined with estrogen deprivation in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Cancer research 176 19366795
2020 N6-methyladenosine mRNA methylation of PIK3CB regulates AKT signalling to promote PTEN-deficient pancreatic cancer progression. Gut 72 32312789
2006 Mutation analysis of PIK3CA and PIK3CB in esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus. International journal of cancer 70 16380997
2016 Activating Mutations in PIK3CB Confer Resistance to PI3K Inhibition and Define a Novel Oncogenic Role for p110β. Cancer research 58 26759240
2019 MiR-337-3p suppresses proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer by targeting PIK3CA and PIK3CB. Cancer letters 57 31629932
2018 PIK3CB/p110β is a selective survival factor for glioblastoma. Neuro-oncology 55 29016844
2006 Downregulation of PIK3CB by siRNA suppresses malignant glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Technology in cancer research & treatment 47 16700623
2018 Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase PIK3CA/p110α and PIK3CB/p110β Isoforms in Endometrial Cancer. International journal of molecular sciences 43 30544563
2010 PTEN restoration and PIK3CB knockdown synergistically suppress glioblastoma growth in vitro and in xenografts. Journal of neuro-oncology 39 21188471
2017 Functional characterization of a novel somatic oncogenic mutation of PIK3CB. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 36 29279775
2018 An Efficient Bivalent Cyclic RGD-PIK3CB siRNA Conjugate for Specific Targeted Therapy against Glioblastoma In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 33 30312846
2017 ErbB4 protects against neuronal apoptosis via activation of YAP/PIK3CB signaling pathway in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Experimental neurology 23 28756200
2021 PIK3CB is involved in metastasis through the regulation of cell adhesion to collagen I in pancreatic cancer. Journal of advanced research 21 34603784
2014 PIK3CA and PIK3CB expression and relationship with multidrug resistance in colorectal carcinoma. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 20 25550888
2007 Association analysis indicates that a variant GATA-binding site in the PIK3CB promoter is a Cis-acting expression quantitative trait locus for this gene and attenuates insulin resistance in obese children. Diabetes 19 17977952
2018 ErbB4 Preserves Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity via the YAP/PIK3CB Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Frontiers in neuroscience 15 30087588
2022 PIK3CB promotes oesophageal cancer proliferation through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling axis. Cell biology international 11 35842767
2023 FTO, PIK3CB serve as potential markers to complement CEA and CA15-3 for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Medicine 10 37861518
2022 Circular RNA Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Targeting MicroRNA-532-3p/PIK3CB Axis. Pancreas 10 36607937
2021 LukS-PV Induces Apoptosis via the SET8-H4K20me1-PIK3CB Axis in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Frontiers in oncology 9 34745943
2016 PIK3CA and PIK3CB silencing by RNAi reverse MDR and inhibit tumorigenic properties in human colorectal carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 9 26747178
2008 In obese and non-obese adults, the cis-regulatory rs361072 promoter variant of PIK3CB is associated with insulin resistance not with type 2 diabetes. Molecular genetics and metabolism 9 19097921
2022 Downregulation of PIK3CB Involved in Alzheimer's Disease via Apoptosis, Axon Guidance, and FoxO Signaling Pathway. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 8 35096262
2024 PDCD4 interacting with PIK3CB and CTSZ promotes the apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 7 39190024
2015 TNFR1 Regulates Ovarian Cancer Cell Tumorigenicity Through PIK3CB-p110Beta. Current molecular medicine 7 26122654
2024 SP1 Mediated PIK3CB Upregulation Promotes Gastric Carcinogenesis. Journal of Cancer 6 38356702
2023 Exosomal PIK3CB promotes PD-L1 expression and malignant transformation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 5 37402056
2021 Distinct epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions induced by PIK3CAH1047R and PIK3CB. Journal of cell science 5 33526718
2025 hnRNPL phase separation activates PIK3CB transcription and promotes glycolysis in ovarian cancer. Nature communications 4 40413189
2024 USP8-mediated PTK7 promotes PIK3CB-related pathway to accelerate the malignant progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Thoracic cancer 4 39552193
2024 Establishment of a human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line mutant in PIK3CB but not PIK3CA. Human cell 3 38573494
2025 Targeting PIK3CB/YAP1 improves the sensitivity of paclitaxel by suppressing aging in head and neck squamous tumor cells. Cancer cell international 2 40413541
2025 A phase I study of AZD8186 in combination with docetaxel in patients with PTEN-mutated or PIK3CB-mutated advanced solid tumors. ESMO open 2 40939237
2025 Role and Therapeutic Potential of miR-301b-3p in Regulating the PI3K-AKT Pathway via PIK3CB in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Journal of inflammation research 1 40756418
2024 Ultrasound-mediated delivery of Pik3cb shRNA using magnetic nanoparticles for the treatment of in-stent restenosis in a rat balloon-injured model. Journal of radiation research 1 37948449
2026 Upregulated miR-204-5p inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via inducing autophagy-promoted apoptosis by targeting PIK3CB. Scientific reports 0 41571749
2026 Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate Sjögren disease by suppressing B cells through the Pik3cb/Akt/mTOR pathway. Frontiers in immunology 0 41909663
2025 Retraction: ErbB4 preserves blood-brain barrier integrity via the YAP/PIK3CB pathway after subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats. Frontiers in neuroscience 0 40584880

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