Affinage

Showing PDX1 — PDX-1 is a alias.

PDX1

Pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1 · UniProt P52945

Length
283 aa
Mass
30.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 37 papers cited in narrative 36 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PDX1 is a homeodomain transcription factor that serves as a master regulator of pancreatic development and beta-cell identity, required for outgrowth, proliferation, and differentiation of the pancreatic progenitor pool (PMID:8631275). Through its homeodomain it binds TAAT-containing regulatory elements to directly activate a conserved cistrome of endocrine and metabolic target genes, including somatostatin (PMID:7907546), GLUT2 (PMID:8923459), GIP (PMID:15486225), E-cadherin (PMID:26657766), and its own promoter via autoregulatory feedback (PMID:29396371), with cooperative DNA binding to Pbx (mediated by the FPWMK pentapeptide motif) restricting target selection (PMID:8524276); its homeodomain mediates sequence-specific binding and nuclear localization while an N-terminal transactivation domain and C-terminal protein-interaction regions drive transactivation (PMID:8770920). Genome-scale ChIP-seq across mouse and human islets, iPSC-derived progenitors, and tumor cells establishes that PDX1 occupancy is stage- and context-specific (PMID:22322596, PMID:29396371, PMID:28087712). In mature beta cells PDX1 enforces beta-cell fate by simultaneously activating beta-cell identity genes and repressing the alpha-cell program, such that its deletion derepresses MafB and drives acquisition of alpha-cell features (PMID:24506867); it also silences NF-κB at inflammatory enhancers through long-range chromatin contacts involving SIN3A (PMID:38171340). Beyond identity, PDX1 controls beta-cell survival and metabolic competence by governing ER protein-folding gene networks (PMID:19855005), Clec16a-Nrdp1-dependent mitophagy (PMID:26085571), and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and proinsulin processing (PMID:15756539, PMID:11473041); haploinsufficiency increases beta-cell apoptosis and impairs mass expansion (PMID:12697734). PDX1 activity is tuned post-translationally by CK2 phosphorylation at Thr231/Ser232 (PMID:20339896), RB-mediated stabilization against proteasomal degradation (PMID:21399612), and nuclear exclusion via sequestration into saturated-fatty-acid-induced stress granules (PMID:33569632), while its expression is set by upstream regulators including USF, HNF-3beta/BETA-2, KLF11, and SIRT1-deacetylated FOXA2 (PMID:8567692, PMID:9111329, PMID:19843526, PMID:24163589). Missense mutations in its transactivation domain (P33T, C18R) impair target gene activation and beta-cell differentiation (PMID:30930126, PMID:16092045).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 36 steps
  1. 1994 High

    Established that PDX1 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding transactivator by identifying its first direct genomic target, defining its molecular identity as a transcription factor.

    Evidence EMSA and promoter-reporter mutagenesis on the rat somatostatin gene

    PMID:7907546

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address genome-wide target repertoire
    • Promoter context only, no chromatin occupancy in vivo
  2. 1995 High

    Resolved how PDX1 achieves target selectivity by showing cooperative DNA binding with Pbx requires the FPWMK motif and homeodomain N-terminal arm, restricting occupancy to a subset of sites.

    Evidence EMSA with recombinant proteins and motif/domain mutagenesis

    PMID:8524276

    Open questions at the time
    • In vitro reconstitution only
    • Which physiological targets depend on Pbx not enumerated
  3. 1996 High

    Demonstrated that PDX1 is genetically required for pancreatic development, establishing its master-regulator role beyond single-promoter regulation.

    Evidence Two independent null-allele knockout mice with histology and immunostaining

    PMID:8631275

    Open questions at the time
    • Knockout does not separate progenitor proliferation from differentiation defects mechanistically
    • Direct target genes responsible for agenesis not defined
  4. 1996 High

    Mapped PDX1 functional domains, assigning DNA binding and nuclear localization to the homeodomain and transactivation to the N-terminus, providing a structure-function framework.

    Evidence Deletion/point mutagenesis with EMSA, reporter assay, and nuclear fractionation

    PMID:8770920

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural model of the domains
    • Identity of C-terminal interaction partners not yet known
  5. 1996 High

    Extended the direct target set to GLUT2, linking PDX1 to beta-cell glucose-sensing gene expression.

    Evidence EMSA with antibody supershift, reporter mutagenesis of the GLUT2TAAT motif

    PMID:8923459

    Open questions at the time
    • Residual promoter activity after motif mutation indicates other inputs
    • In vivo occupancy not shown in this study
  6. 1996 High

    Defined the upstream regulatory architecture of the PDX1 gene itself, identifying a distal enhancer and proximal USF-bound E-box required for islet-specific expression.

    Evidence Transgenic reporter assays, mutagenesis, EMSA

    PMID:8567692

    Open questions at the time
    • Full enhancer composition not exhaustively mapped
    • Does not address dynamic regulation
  7. 1997 Medium

    Connected PDX1 expression to hormonal and metabolic signals, showing HNF-3beta/BETA-2 control of its enhancer and glucocorticoid repression.

    Evidence Reporter assays with overexpression and GR-mediated inhibition

    PMID:9111329

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab reporter-based mechanism
    • No in vivo glucocorticoid validation
  8. 1997 High

    Identified lipotoxic suppression of PDX1, showing palmitate lowers PDX1 expression and DNA-binding via mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation, linking PDX1 to beta-cell metabolic stress.

    Evidence Western blot, EMSA, RT-PCR with CPT-I inhibitor in primary rat islets

    PMID:9374511

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the molecular signal connecting oxidation to PDX1 loss
    • Distinguishing transcriptional vs post-transcriptional control incomplete
  9. 1998 Medium

    Showed PDX1 is dynamically and reversibly downregulated by elevated glucose through a post-transcriptional mechanism, indicating rapid environmental tuning of its abundance.

    Evidence Reporter assay, EMSA, Northern/RT-PCR in INS-1 cells

    PMID:9482663

    Open questions at the time
    • Post-transcriptional mechanism not molecularly defined
    • Single cell-line context
  10. 1998 Medium

    Revealed PDX1 can act as a transcriptional antagonist of another homeodomain factor (Cdx-2), explaining gut dysmorphogenesis on ectopic expression.

    Evidence Transgenic mouse, reporter assay, protein-interaction analysis

    PMID:9679043

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of inhibition (binding vs squelching) not fully resolved
    • Ectopic-expression context limits physiological relevance
  11. 2001 Medium

    Provided causal rescue evidence that PDX1 drives glucose-responsive insulin gene transcription, by restoring function in a naturally PDX1-deficient islet model.

    Evidence IPF1/PDX1 gene transfer into Psammomys obesus islets with DNA binding and expression assays

    PMID:11473041

    Open questions at the time
    • Overexpression rescue may not mirror endogenous stoichiometry
    • Single model system
  12. 2003 High

    Distinguished organ-level from cell-level secretion defects, showing PDX1 haploinsufficiency reduces beta-cell mass through increased apoptosis rather than impairing single-cell glucose sensing.

    Evidence Pdx1+/- mice with TUNEL, caspase-3, electrophysiology, perifusion, Bcl-XL/Bcl-2 Western

    PMID:12697734

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct PDX1 targets controlling survival genes not defined here
    • Mechanism linking PDX1 dose to apoptosis incomplete
  13. 2004 High

    Identified PCIF1 as a direct C-terminal-binding repressor of PDX1, defining a negative regulator of its transactivation in beta cells.

    Evidence GST pulldown, co-IP, reporter assay, mutagenesis, immunofluorescence

    PMID:15121856

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo physiological role of PCIF1 repression not established
    • Single study
  14. 2004 High

    Confirmed direct in-cell chromatin occupancy of PDX1 at the GIP promoter, extending PDX1 control to enteroendocrine cell-specific gene expression.

    Evidence ChIP, EMSA, reporter assay, and GIP cell quantification in PDX-1 null mice

    PMID:15486225

    Open questions at the time
    • Cofactors at the GIP promoter not identified
    • Tissue-specificity determinants unaddressed
  15. 2005 Medium

    Identified Bridge-1 as a coactivator binding the PDX1 transactivation domain, beginning to define the coactivator network amplifying PDX1 output.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, reporter assays with Gal4 fusions

    PMID:15885879

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vivo validation
    • Single-lab interaction data
  16. 2005 High

    Defined the consequences of disrupting PDX1 function on insulin biology, showing it controls proinsulin processing (via FGFR1/PC1/3/PC2) and incretin signaling (GLP-1R), broadening its role beyond transcription of insulin itself.

    Evidence Inducible dominant-negative INS-1 cells with HPLC processing, patch-clamp, Ca2+ measurement, expression analysis

    PMID:15756539

    Open questions at the time
    • Dominant-negative may affect non-physiological targets
    • Direct vs indirect regulation of each gene not fully parsed
  17. 2005 Medium

    First functional characterization of a disease-associated PDX1 mutation, showing P33T impairs DNA binding and transactivation.

    Evidence In vitro reporter assay with mutant IPF1 protein

    PMID:16092045

    Open questions at the time
    • In vitro only; cellular and developmental consequences addressed later
    • Single mutation
  18. 2005 Medium

    Characterized the cellular uptake route of exogenous PDX1 protein transduction domain, relevant to its use as a delivered reprogramming factor.

    Evidence Live-cell imaging, dominant-negative dynamin, pharmacological inhibitors, organelle markers

    PMID:15896300 PMID:16405074

    Open questions at the time
    • Describes engineered transduction, not endogenous PDX1 trafficking
    • Two papers from same group
  19. 2009 High

    Established the regulatory circuit setting PDX1 levels, showing KLF11 activates the PDX1 Area II enhancer through GC motifs and recruits p300.

    Evidence Reporter assay, ChIP, co-IP, oligonucleotide binding analysis

    PMID:19843526

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo requirement of KLF11 for PDX1 expression not shown here
    • Single study
  20. 2009 High

    Linked PDX1 to beta-cell survival mechanistically by showing it directly regulates ER protein-folding gene networks, with deficiency causing ER stress and apoptosis susceptibility.

    Evidence Expression microarray, ChIP occupancy, high-fat diet model, Min6 knockdown

    PMID:19855005

    Open questions at the time
    • Individual critical ER targets not pinpointed
    • Direct vs secondary effects within the network unresolved
  21. 2010 Medium

    Identified CK2 phosphorylation of PDX1 at Thr231/Ser232 as a post-translational modulator of its transcriptional activity and insulin release.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay with phosphomutants, reporter assay, CK2 inhibitor treatment

    PMID:20339896

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo phosphorylation state not quantified
    • Single lab
  22. 2011 High

    Defined glucose-regulated PDX1 protein stability, showing RB binds a conserved RIM motif to protect PDX1 from proteasomal degradation.

    Evidence Co-IP, point mutagenesis, proteasome inhibition, ChIP, RB knockdown, RB-deficient mice

    PMID:21399612

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase targeting PDX1 not identified
    • How glucose signals to the complex unresolved
  23. 2012 High

    Defined the conserved PDX1 cistrome across mouse and human islets, providing genome-scale molecular explanation for deficiency phenotypes.

    Evidence ChIP-seq in mouse and human islets

    PMID:22322596

    Open questions at the time
    • Occupancy does not establish functional dependence for each gene
    • Cell-type heterogeneity within islets not resolved
  24. 2013 Medium

    Placed SIRT1 upstream of PDX1, showing SIRT1 deacetylates FOXA2 on the PDX1 promoter to positively control its transcription and islet development.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP, pancreas-specific Sirt1 knockout, deacetylation assay

    PMID:24163589

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect SIRT1 effects on FOXA2 acetylation in vivo
    • Single lab
  25. 2014 High

    Established PDX1 as an active enforcer of beta-cell identity that represses the alpha-cell program, since its loss in adult beta cells triggers acquisition of alpha-cell features and MafB derepression.

    Evidence Conditional beta-cell Pdx1 deletion with lineage tracing, transcriptomics, EM, functional assays

    PMID:24506867

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of alpha-gene repression not yet molecular in this study
    • Reversibility of identity loss unaddressed
  26. 2015 High

    Defined a developmental morphogenesis function, showing PDX1 directly activates E-cadherin to maintain epithelial cell shape during pancreatic tubulogenesis.

    Evidence ChIP, reporter assay, promoter mutagenesis, Pdx1-/- embryo analysis

    PMID:26657766

    Open questions at the time
    • Link between E-cadherin loss and overall ductal phenotype partly correlative
    • Other adhesion targets not surveyed
  27. 2015 High

    Connected PDX1 to organelle quality control, showing it directly controls Clec16a-Nrdp1-dependent mitophagy required for beta-cell respiration and insulin secretion.

    Evidence Microarray, ChIP, conditional haploinsufficiency, Clec16a rescue, mitophagy flux assays

    PMID:26085571

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether mitophagy defect alone accounts for secretion loss not isolated
    • Other autophagy targets not examined
  28. 2015 Medium

    Added HMGA1 as a glucose-responsive coactivator enhancing PDX1/MafA transactivation of the insulin promoter.

    Evidence Co-IP, GST pulldown, reporter assay, ChIP, siRNA

    PMID:25628604

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vivo validation
    • Single lab
  29. 2016 High

    Revealed context-dependent, even opposing, PDX1 functions, showing its cistrome and role shift from acinar identity maintenance (tumor-suppressive) to oncogenic in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

    Evidence ChIP-seq in acinar and PDA cells, conditional deletion/activation mouse models, lineage tracing

    PMID:28087712

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of the cistrome switch not defined
    • Cofactors driving oncogenic redirection unknown
  30. 2017 Medium

    Demonstrated genetic cooperation between PDX1 and FOXA2 in postnatal beta-cell maturation, showing combined dose reduction—but not either alone—causes identity loss and transdifferentiation.

    Evidence Double knock-in reporter mice, glucose tolerance testing, histology and transcriptional analysis

    PMID:28580283

    Open questions at the time
    • Shared vs distinct target genes not fully resolved
    • Single lab
  31. 2018 High

    Identified a stress-inducible mode of PDX1 action, showing it forms complexes with ATF4/ATF5 at CARE motifs to regulate stress/apoptosis genes such that Gpt2 loss reduces apoptotic susceptibility.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, genetic silencing, caspase-3 assay

    PMID:30174228

    Open questions at the time
    • Trigger conditions for complex assembly not fully defined
    • Direction of PDX1 effect (pro- vs anti-apoptotic) context-dependent
  32. 2018 High

    Defined the developmental PDX1 cistrome in human iPSC-derived progenitors, revealing autoregulation and stage-specific targets distinct from adult islets.

    Evidence ChIP-seq (PDX1, H3K27ac) in iPSC progenitors vs adult islets with expression profiling

    PMID:29396371

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional dependence of each developmental target not tested
    • iPSC progenitors may not fully recapitulate in vivo development
  33. 2019 High

    Provided causal disease-relevant evidence that transactivation-domain mutations (P33T, C18R) impair PDX1 target activation and beta-cell differentiation in an isogenic human system.

    Evidence CRISPR-engineered isogenic iPSC lines, in vitro beta-cell differentiation, expression profiling

    PMID:30930126

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of transactivation-domain loss at molecular level not detailed
    • Patient-level phenotype correlation outside scope
  34. 2021 High

    Identified a non-transcriptional regulatory layer, showing saturated fatty acids sequester PDX1 in stress granules via PI3K/EIF2α/TIA1, blocking its nuclear localization and insulin secretion.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence, mass spectrometry of SG components, transport reporters, TIA1 knockout mice, inhibitors

    PMID:33569632

    Open questions at the time
    • How PDX1 is selectively recruited to stress granules unknown
    • Reversibility kinetics in vivo not fully quantified
  35. 2021 Medium

    Placed PDX1 downstream of OGT in mitochondrial regulation, showing PDX1 re-expression rescues mitochondrial function in OGT-deficient beta cells.

    Evidence Conditional OGT knockout, proteomics, Pdx1 overexpression rescue, Seahorse respiration, EM

    PMID:34462257

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether OGT acts on PDX1 directly or via its expression unresolved
    • Single lab
  36. 2024 High

    Defined a long-range repressive mechanism, showing PDX1 silences NF-κB at inflammatory/circadian enhancers via SIN3A-mediated chromatin contacts, with low-PDX1 beta cells showing NF-κB derepression rescuable by IL-1β receptor antagonism.

    Evidence Single-cell ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, 3D chromatin analysis, Pdx1 hypomorphic mice, IL-1βR antagonism

    PMID:38171340

    Open questions at the time
    • How PDX1 directs SIN3A to specific enhancers not detailed
    • Causal link between subtype heterogeneity and disease not fully established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how the diverse upstream inputs (CK2, RB, OGT, stress granules) are integrated to set PDX1 dose and activity in vivo, and what determines the context-specific cistrome switches between development, mature beta cells, and tumor states.
  • No unified model integrating transcriptional, post-translational, and localization control
  • Determinants of context-dependent target selection unknown
  • Cofactor requirements for repressive vs activating modes not mapped

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 10 GO:0003677 DNA binding 5
Localization
GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
ATF4ATF5HMGA1KLF11PBX1PCIF1RB1SIN3A

Evidence

Reading pass · 36 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1996 PDX-1 (pdx-1) null mutation in mice results in failure of pancreatic bud outgrowth beyond initial formation; the dorsal bud forms but undergoes only limited proliferation without insulin or amylase-positive cells, demonstrating PDX-1 is required for pancreatic progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, the rostral duodenum shows loss of normal columnar epithelium replaced by GLUT2-positive cuboidal epithelium. Gene targeting / knockout mouse (two independent null alleles including lacZ knock-in), histology, immunostaining Development High 8631275
1994 IDX-1 (PDX1) binds to three sites in the 5' flanking region of the rat somatostatin gene and transactivates somatostatin promoter-reporter constructs; mutation of IDX-1 binding sites attenuates transactivation, identifying somatostatin as a direct transcriptional target. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), co-transfection reporter assay with promoter mutants The EMBO journal High 7907546
1996 PDX-1 binds to a conserved TAAT motif (GLUT2TAAT) in the murine and human GLUT2 promoter and transactivates GLUT2 gene expression; mutation of the GLUT2TAAT motif reduces promoter activity by 41%, and PDX-1 activates a heterologous promoter containing multimerized GLUT2TAAT only in PDX-1-expressing cell lines. EMSA, co-transfection reporter assay with promoter mutants, supershift with PDX-1 antiserum Molecular endocrinology High 8923459
1995 STF-1/PDX-1 binds cooperatively with Pbx (mammalian homolog of extradenticle) to DNA; cooperative binding requires the pentapeptide FPWMK motif and the N-terminal arm of the STF-1 homeodomain. Cooperative binding occurs only on a subset of potential STF-1 target sites, suggesting Pbx specifies target gene selection. EMSA with recombinant proteins and mutagenesis of FPWMK motif and homeodomain Molecular and cellular biology High 8524276
1996 STF-1 (PDX1) islet-specific expression requires two elements: a distal enhancer (-3 to -6.5 kb) and a proximal E-box at -104 bound by the helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper factor USF; point mutation disrupting USF binding impairs STF-1 promoter activity in transgenic mice. Transgenic reporter assay, mutagenesis, EMSA The Journal of biological chemistry High 8567692
1997 An islet-specific enhancer directing STF-1 (PDX1) expression is regulated by HNF-3beta and BETA-2 binding elements; glucocorticoids repress STF-1 gene expression by interfering with HNF-3beta activity on this enhancer, and overexpression of HNF-3beta suppresses glucocorticoid receptor-mediated inhibition. Reporter assay, overexpression, glucocorticoid receptor inhibition Molecular and cellular biology Medium 9111329
1996 Domain mapping of IDX-1 (PDX1) identifies: the homeodomain mediates sequence-specific DNA binding (substitution mutations abolish binding); the N-terminal transactivation domain is required for somatostatin promoter transactivation; C-terminal regions mediate protein-protein interactions that synergistically enhance transactivation; nuclear localization signals reside within the homeodomain. N- and C-terminal deletion and point-substitution mutagenesis, EMSA, reporter assay, nuclear extract fractionation Endocrinology High 8770920
1997 Exposure of isolated rat pancreatic islets to palmitic acid causes ~70% decrease in IDX-1 mRNA and protein and 40-65% decreases in IDX-1 binding activity at Glut2 and insulin promoter elements, correlating with decreases in GLUT2, glucokinase, insulin, and somatostatin expression; this effect requires mitochondrial oxidation of palmitate (prevented by carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor). Western blot, EMSA, RT-PCR, pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation The Journal of biological chemistry High 9374511
1998 STF-1/PDX-1 expression decreases rapidly and reversibly in INS-1 cells exposed to elevated glucose (>8 mM); the decrease in STF-1 binding activity correlates with decreased STF-1 mRNA occurring independently of changes in STF-1 promoter activity, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation; associated insulin gene promoter activity decreases are partially reversed by lowering glucose. Transient transfection reporter assay, EMSA, Northern blot, RT-PCR Molecular endocrinology Medium 9482663
1998 Misexpressed IDX-1 (PDX1) binds to and inhibits transactivation of the sucrase-isomaltase promoter by the gut homeodomain protein Cdx-2, providing a mechanism for the dysmorphogenesis of the proximal colon observed in Hoxa-4/IDX-1 transgenic mice. Transgenic mouse model, reporter assay, protein-protein interaction analysis Gastroenterology Medium 9679043
2004 PDX-1 directly binds to the GIP gene promoter regulatory region in intact cells and nuclear extracts, and overexpression of PDX-1 in transfection assays increases GIP/luciferase reporter activity; PDX-1 null mice show 97.8% reduction in GIP-expressing cells, establishing PDX-1 as a direct regulator of cell-specific GIP expression. EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), transient transfection reporter assay, PDX-1 null mouse analysis Endocrinology High 15486225
2004 PCIF1 (a POZ domain protein) interacts with the C-terminus of PDX-1 both in vitro and in vivo; coexpression of PDX-1 alters subnuclear distribution of PCIF1; PCIF1 inhibits PDX-1 transactivation of target gene promoters in a dose-dependent manner requiring critical amino acids in the PDX-1 C-terminus; PCIF1 is expressed in beta cells and represses the insulin promoters. GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation, reporter assay, mutagenesis, immunofluorescence Molecular and cellular biology High 15121856
2005 Bridge-1 (PDZ-domain coactivator) directly interacts with the amino-terminal transactivation domain of PDX-1 in GST pulldown assays and in yeast two-hybrid; Bridge-1 increases PDX-1 transactivation of somatostatin and insulin promoters, including synergistic activation of the rat insulin I promoter FarFlat enhancer together with E12 and E47. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, reporter assay with Gal4 fusion proteins Molecular and cellular endocrinology Medium 15885879
2005 Dominant-negative PDX-1 (DN-Pdx-1) in INS-1 cells causes defective glucose-stimulated and K+-depolarization-induced insulin secretion; DN-Pdx-1 downregulates FGFR1 and consequently prohormone convertases PC-1/3 and PC-2, severely impairing proinsulin processing; PDX-1 also regulates GLP-1 receptor expression, with DN-Pdx-1 reducing GLP-1R expression and cellular cAMP. Inducible dominant-negative cell lines, HPLC for insulin processing, patch-clamp capacitance, aequorin Ca2+ measurement, gene expression analysis Diabetologia High 15756539
2009 KLF11 (MODY7) regulates PDX-1 transcription in beta cells through two conserved GC-rich motifs (GC1 and GC2) in the Area II enhancer; KLF11 specifically associates with Area II by ChIP; KLF11 interacts with the coactivator p300 via its zinc finger domain in vivo to mediate PDX-1 activation. Reporter assay, ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, random oligonucleotide binding analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 19843526
2009 Pdx1 regulates a broad array of genes involved in ER function (disulfide bond formation, protein folding, unfolded protein response) as identified by high-throughput expression microarray and chromatin occupancy analyses; Pdx1 deficiency leads to ER stress and enhanced beta cell susceptibility to ER stress-associated apoptosis. Expression microarray, chromatin occupancy (ChIP) analysis, high-fat diet mouse model, Min6 cell knockdown PNAS High 19855005
2010 Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates Pdx-1 at amino acids Thr231 and Ser232; this phosphorylation regulates Pdx-1 transcription factor activity as measured by insulin promoter reporter assay; inhibition of CK2 by specific inhibitors leads to elevated insulin release from beta cells. In vitro kinase assay with Pdx-1 fragments and phosphorylation mutants, reporter assay, CK2 inhibitor treatment Cellular and molecular life sciences Medium 20339896
2011 RB (retinoblastoma protein) associates with and stabilizes Pdx-1; Pdx-1 utilizes a conserved RB-interaction motif (RIM) also present in E2Fs; point mutations within the RIM reduce RB-Pdx-1 complex formation and promote Pdx-1 proteasomal degradation; glucose regulates RB/Pdx-1 complex formation and Pdx-1 stability; RB occupies promoters of beta-cell-specific genes. Co-immunoprecipitation, point mutagenesis, proteasome inhibitor assays, ChIP, RB knockdown, in vivo RB-deficient mice The EMBO journal High 21399612
2012 Global Pdx1 chromatin occupancy analysis in mouse and human pancreatic islets by ChIP-seq identifies conserved target genes enriched for endocrine/metabolic functions; the conserved cistrome provides molecular explanation for Pdx1-deficiency phenotypes. ChIP-seq in mouse and human islets Molecular endocrinology High 22322596
2013 SIRT1 forms a protein complex with FOXA2 and other proteins on the Pdx1 gene promoter; SIRT1 deacetylates FOXA2 on the Pdx1 promoter and positively regulates Pdx1 transcription; pancreas-specific disruption of SIRT1 diminishes PDX1 expression and impairs islet development. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, pancreas-specific Sirt1 knockout mice, deacetylation assay International journal of biological sciences Medium 24163589
2014 Beta-cell-specific deletion of Pdx1 in adult mice causes rapid acquisition of alpha-cell ultrastructural and physiological features, including derepression of the alpha-cell transcription factor MafB; Pdx1 thus simultaneously activates beta-cell identity genes and represses alpha-cell identity genes, functioning as a master regulator of beta-cell fate. Conditional beta-cell-specific Pdx1 deletion, lineage tracing, transcriptomic profiling, electron microscopy, functional assays Cell metabolism High 24506867
2015 Pdx1 regulates mitophagy in beta cells by controlling expression of Clec16a (itself a regulator of mitophagy through E3 ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1); loss of Pdx1 reduces Clec16a and Nrdp1 expression and impairs autophagosome-lysosome fusion during mitophagy; restoration of Clec16a after Pdx1 loss rescues mitochondrial trafficking, respiration, and glucose-stimulated insulin release. Expression microarray, ChIP, conditional Pdx1 haploinsufficiency, Clec16a rescue experiments, mitophagy flux assays Diabetes High 26085571
2015 Pdx1 directly binds and activates E-cadherin (E-cad/Cdh1) transcription through two conserved Pdx1 binding sites in the E-cad promoter; Pdx1 is required in vivo for maintenance of E-cad expression, actomyosin complex activity, and cell shape during pancreatic epithelial tubulogenesis and ductal plexus formation. ChIP, reporter assay, Pdx1-/- mouse embryo analysis, promoter mutagenesis Development High 26657766
2015 HMGA1 physically interacts with PDX-1 and MafA both in vitro and in vivo; HMGA1 overexpression enhances PDX-1 and MafA transactivation of human and mouse insulin promoters; HMGA1 knockdown decreases this transactivating activity; high glucose increases HMGA1 binding to the insulin promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, reporter assay, ChIP, siRNA knockdown Frontiers in endocrinology Medium 25628604
2018 PDX1 forms a stress-inducible complex with ATF4 and ATF5; PDX1 occupies CARE (C/EBP-ATF) composite motifs at 26 genes involved in stress/apoptosis including Gpt2, Chac1, and Slc7a1; co-enrichment of ATF4 and ATF5 at these sites was confirmed by ChIP; deficiency of Gpt2 reduces beta-cell susceptibility to stress-induced apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP-seq, RNAseq, gRNA/shRNA silencing, caspase-3 activation assay Molecular metabolism High 30174228
2018 ChIP-seq of PDX1 in human iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors identifies 8,088 binding regions mapping to 5,664 genes, including PDX1 auto-regulatory feedback on its own promoter, RFX6, HNF1B, MEIS1, RFX3, and DLL1; stage-specific comparison with adult islet PDX1 profiles reveals distinct developmental vs. adult target gene sets. ChIP-seq (PDX1 and H3K27ac) in iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors vs. adult human islets, mRNA expression profiling Molecular metabolism High 29396371
2019 Missense mutations in the PDX1 transactivation domain (P33T, C18R) impair PDX1-dependent gene expression and beta-cell differentiation; homozygous and heterozygous mutations reduce differentiation efficiency of pancreatic progenitors by downregulating PDX1-bound target genes including MNX1, PDX1 itself (autoregulation), CES1, MEG3, and NNAT. iPSC-derived isogenic cell lines with CRISPR-engineered mutations, in vitro beta-cell differentiation, gene expression profiling Molecular metabolism High 30930126
2021 Saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid) stimulate stress granule (SG) formation in beta cells via PI3K/EIF2α-dependent pathway; PDX1 and nucleocytoplasmic transport factors are sequestered in SGs, preventing nuclear localization of PDX1 and inhibiting glucose-induced insulin secretion; genetic deletion of TIA1 or pharmacological PI3K/EIF2α inhibition blocks SG formation, restores PDX1 nuclear localization, and ameliorates HFD-induced beta cell dysfunction. Immunofluorescence, mass spectrometry of SG components, nucleocytoplasmic transport reporters, TIA1 knockout mice, pharmacological inhibitors Diabetologia High 33569632
2021 OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) deletion in beta cells reduces Pdx1 levels; Pdx1 overexpression rescues mitochondrial morphology and function, insulin content, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in OGT-deficient islets, placing Pdx1 downstream of OGT in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Conditional OGT knockout, proteomics, Pdx1 overexpression rescue, mitochondrial respiration assay (Seahorse), electron microscopy Diabetes Medium 34462257
2024 PDX1 silences NF-κB at circadian and inflammatory enhancers through long-range chromatin contacts involving SIN3A; single-cell chromatin analysis identifies beta cell subtypes with high vs. low PDX1 activity, with low-PDX1 cells showing increased chromatin accessibility at latent NF-κB enhancers; Pdx1 hypomorphic mice show de-repression of NF-κB and impaired nocturnal glucose tolerance; antagonizing the IL-1β receptor (an NF-κB target) improves insulin secretion in Pdx1 hypomorphic islets. Single-cell ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, 3D chromatin analysis, Pdx1 hypomorphic mouse model, IL-1β receptor antagonism Cell metabolism High 38171340
2005 The P33T missense mutation in the PDX1/IPF1 transactivation domain reduces DNA-binding and transcriptional activation in vitro compared to wild-type IPF1, as measured by reporter gene assay. In vitro reporter gene assay with mutant IPF1 protein expression Metabolism Medium 16092045
2001 IPF1/PDX1 gene transfer to isolated Psammomys obesus islets (which lack functional IPF1/PDX1 protein) normalizes the defect in glucose-stimulated insulin gene expression and prevents rapid depletion of insulin content after high glucose exposure, directly linking PDX1 to glucose-responsive insulin gene transcription. IPF1/PDX1 gene transfer into isolated islets, Western blot, DNA binding assay, RT-PCR, immunostaining Diabetes Medium 11473041
2003 PDX-1 haploinsufficiency (Pdx1+/-) leads to increased beta-cell apoptosis associated with reduced Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 expression, abnormal islet architecture, active caspase-3, and failure of beta-cell mass expansion with age; glucose sensing and stimulus-secretion coupling in individual cells remain normal, indicating the organ-level insulin secretion defect is due to reduced beta-cell mass via increased apoptosis. Pdx1+/- mouse model, TUNEL, caspase-3 activation, electrophysiology, perifusion/static incubation, Western blot for Bcl-XL/Bcl-2 The Journal of clinical investigation High 12697734
2016 PDX1 chromatin occupancy shifts profoundly between acinar cells and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells, with PDX1 performing stage-specific functions: maintaining acinar cell identity (tumor-suppressive) vs. an oncogenic role in established PDA; PDX1 loss in malignant cells is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. ChIP-seq in acinar cells and PDA, conditional PDX1 deletion/activation mouse models, lineage tracing Genes & development High 28087712
2017 Foxa2 and Pdx1 genetically and functionally cooperate to regulate postnatal beta-cell maturation; combined reduction of both Foxa2 and Pdx1 (in double knock-in reporter mice) causes hyperglycemia, loss of beta-cell identity, and transdifferentiation towards other endocrine cell fates, whereas reduction of either alone is insufficient. Double knock-in fluorescent reporter mouse (Foxa2-Venus; Pdx1-BFP), glucose tolerance testing, histological and transcriptional analysis Molecular metabolism Medium 28580283
2005 PDX-1 protein transduction occurs by endocytosis followed by release from endosomes; PDX-1 PTD is internalized via lipid raft-dependent macropinocytosis (blocked by amiloride and cytochalasin D but not by dominant-negative dynamin-1, ruling out clathrin- or caveolar-mediated endocytosis); internalized protein transits through the Golgi complex and ER before homogeneous cytoplasmic/nuclear distribution. Live-cell fluorescence imaging of FITC-PDX1-PTD, dominant-negative dynamin-1 expression, pharmacological inhibitors (amiloride, cytochalasin D), endosomal/Golgi markers Biochemical and biophysical research communications / Cell transplantation Medium 15896300 16405074

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1996 PDX-1 is required for pancreatic outgrowth and differentiation of the rostral duodenum. Development (Cambridge, England) 1294 8631275
1995 Expression of murine STF-1, a putative insulin gene transcription factor, in beta cells of pancreas, duodenal epithelium and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine progenitors during ontogeny. Development (Cambridge, England) 494 7867492
2000 Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists stimulate expression of homeodomain protein IDX-1 and increase islet size in mouse pancreas. Diabetes 464 10905482
1994 IDX-1: a new homeodomain transcription factor expressed in rat pancreatic islets and duodenum that transactivates the somatostatin gene. The EMBO journal 397 7907546
2014 Pdx1 maintains β cell identity and function by repressing an α cell program. Cell metabolism 356 24506867
1996 Transcriptional activation of the GLUT2 gene by the IPF-1/STF-1/IDX-1 homeobox factor. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 308 8923459
2003 Increased islet apoptosis in Pdx1+/- mice. The Journal of clinical investigation 294 12697734
1999 The homeodomain protein IDX-1 increases after an early burst of proliferation during pancreatic regeneration. Diabetes 280 10078550
2012 Increased DNA methylation and decreased expression of PDX-1 in pancreatic islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 236 22570331
2017 PDX1, Neurogenin-3, and MAFA: critical transcription regulators for beta cell development and regeneration. Stem cell research & therapy 233 29096722
1997 Fatty acids decrease IDX-1 expression in rat pancreatic islets and reduce GLUT2, glucokinase, insulin, and somatostatin levels. The Journal of biological chemistry 211 9374511
2001 Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1, PDX-1, a major regulator of beta cell identity and function. Diabetologia 197 11692168
2009 Pdx1 (MODY4) regulates pancreatic beta cell susceptibility to ER stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 188 19855005
2009 Pdx1 and other factors that regulate pancreatic beta-cell survival. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 178 19817786
2002 Pdx1 restores beta cell function in Irs2 knockout mice. The Journal of clinical investigation 154 11994408
2008 Pdx-1 and Ptf1a concurrently determine fate specification of pancreatic multipotent progenitor cells. Developmental biology 151 18294628
1995 The pancreatic islet factor STF-1 binds cooperatively with Pbx to a regulatory element in the somatostatin promoter: importance of the FPWMK motif and of the homeodomain. Molecular and cellular biology 141 8524276
2007 PDX-1 and MafA play a crucial role in pancreatic beta-cell differentiation and maintenance of mature beta-cell function. Endocrine journal 127 17938503
1998 Conservation of PDX-1 structure, function, and expression in zebrafish. Endocrinology 118 9492081
1997 Reduced insulin, GLUT2, and IDX-1 in beta-cells after partial pancreatectomy. Diabetes 115 9000703
2007 Generation of insulin-producing cells from PDX-1 gene-modified human mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of cellular physiology 102 17226789
2002 PDX-1 induces differentiation of intestinal epithelioid IEC-6 into insulin-producing cells. Diabetes 102 12145164
1999 Developmental expression of the homeodomain protein IDX-1 in mice transgenic for an IDX-1 promoter/lacZ transcriptional reporter. Endocrinology 99 10537169
2003 Ectopically expressed PDX-1 in liver initiates endocrine and exocrine pancreas differentiation but causes dysmorphogenesis. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 98 14550306
1997 Hormonal regulation of an islet-specific enhancer in the pancreatic homeobox gene STF-1. Molecular and cellular biology 97 9111329
2022 PDX1 is the cornerstone of pancreatic β-cell functions and identity. Frontiers in molecular biosciences 91 36589234
2004 PDX-1 and the pancreas. Pancreas 90 15028942
2009 MODY7 gene, KLF11, is a novel p300-dependent regulator of Pdx-1 (MODY4) transcription in pancreatic islet beta cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 86 19843526
2004 Transcription factors in islet development and physiology: role of PDX-1 in beta-cell function. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 85 15153417
2016 PDX1 dynamically regulates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma initiation and maintenance. Genes & development 82 28087712
2005 Relative contribution of PDX-1, MafA and E47/beta2 to the regulation of the human insulin promoter. The Biochemical journal 81 15862113
1996 Pancreatic islet expression of the homeobox factor STF-1 relies on an E-box motif that binds USF. The Journal of biological chemistry 81 8567692
2018 Genome-wide analysis of PDX1 target genes in human pancreatic progenitors. Molecular metabolism 76 29396371
2012 PDX-1, CDX-2, TTF-1, and CK7: a reliable immunohistochemical panel for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. The American journal of surgical pathology 72 22498824
2015 Diabetes Susceptibility Genes Pdx1 and Clec16a Function in a Pathway Regulating Mitophagy in β-Cells. Diabetes 71 26085571
2009 Exendin-4 promotes liver cell proliferation and enhances the PDX-1-induced liver to pancreas transdifferentiation process. The Journal of biological chemistry 71 19755420
2003 Increased PDX-1 expression is associated with outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer. Surgery 70 12947327
2017 Foxa2 and Pdx1 cooperatively regulate postnatal maturation of pancreatic β-cells. Molecular metabolism 69 28580283
1999 PDX-1 and Msx-2 expression in the regenerating and developing pancreas. The Journal of endocrinology 69 10588826
2019 Point mutations in the PDX1 transactivation domain impair human β-cell development and function. Molecular metabolism 68 30930126
2005 Enhanced expression of PDX-1 and Ngn3 by exendin-4 during beta cell regeneration in STZ-treated mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 67 15652518
2005 Suppression of Pdx-1 perturbs proinsulin processing, insulin secretion and GLP-1 signalling in INS-1 cells. Diabetologia 62 15756539
2021 PDX1LOW MAFALOW β-cells contribute to islet function and insulin release. Nature communications 61 33514698
2001 IPF1/PDX1 deficiency and beta-cell dysfunction in Psammomys obesus, an animal With type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 60 11473041
2007 Ectopic PDX-1 expression in liver ameliorates type 1 diabetes. Journal of autoimmunity 57 17383157
2005 Mechanism of PDX-1 protein transduction. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 57 15896300
1998 Glucose rapidly and reversibly decreases INS-1 cell insulin gene transcription via decrements in STF-1 and C1 activator transcription factor activity. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 56 9482663
2005 IPF-1/MODY4 gene missense mutation in an Italian family with type 2 and gestational diabetes. Metabolism: clinical and experimental 55 16092045
2012 Research resource: the pdx1 cistrome of pancreatic islets. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 54 22322596
2004 Identification of PCIF1, a POZ domain protein that inhibits PDX-1 (MODY4) transcriptional activity. Molecular and cellular biology 53 15121856
1996 Functional regions of the homeodomain protein IDX-1 required for transactivation of the rat somatostatin gene. Endocrinology 52 8770920
2001 Functional consequences of mutations in the MODY4 gene (IPF1) and coexistence with MODY3 mutations. Diabetologia 50 11270685
2011 Pdx1 expression in pancreatic precursor lesions and neoplasms. Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM 48 21297446
2022 PDX1.1-dependent biosynthesis of vitamin B6 protects roots from ammonium-induced oxidative stress. Molecular plant 47 35063660
2007 Crucial role of PDX-1 in pancreas development, beta-cell differentiation, and induction of surrogate beta-cells. Current medicinal chemistry 45 17627512
2022 PDX-1: A Promising Therapeutic Target to Reverse Diabetes. Biomolecules 44 36551213
2008 PDX-1 functions as a master factor in the pancreas. Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library 44 18508668
2015 Cooperation between HMGA1, PDX-1, and MafA is Essential for Glucose-Induced Insulin Transcription in Pancreatic Beta Cells. Frontiers in endocrinology 43 25628604
2013 SIRT1 deacetylates FOXA2 and is critical for Pdx1 transcription and β-cell formation. International journal of biological sciences 42 24163589
2006 Expression of Pdx-1 in human gastric metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. Human pathology 42 16938521
2004 Cell-specific expression of glucose-dependent-insulinotropic polypeptide is regulated by the transcription factor PDX-1. Endocrinology 42 15486225
1998 Misexpression of the pancreatic homeodomain protein IDX-1 by the Hoxa-4 promoter associated with agenesis of the cecum. Gastroenterology 42 9679043
2010 NKX6.1 promotes PDX-1-induced liver to pancreatic β-cells reprogramming. Cellular reprogramming 41 21108535
1982 Glia cell stimulating factor (GSF): a new lymphokine. Part 1. Cellular sources and partial purification of murine GSF, role of cytoskeleton and protein synthesis in its production. Journal of neuroimmunology 41 6185535
2009 Combination of MafA, PDX-1 and NeuroD is a useful tool to efficiently induce insulin-producing surrogate beta-cells. Current medicinal chemistry 39 19689288
2005 PDX-1 protein is internalized by lipid raft-dependent macropinocytosis. Cell transplantation 39 16405074
2010 CK2 phosphorylation of Pdx-1 regulates its transcription factor activity. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 38 20339896
2007 Role of PDX-1 and MafA as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice 38 17449132
2016 Impact of Pdx1-associated chromatin modifiers on islet β-cells. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 35 27615141
2021 Epigenetic Regulation of PDX-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 34 33564250
2011 Ectopic PDX-1 expression directly reprograms human keratinocytes along pancreatic insulin-producing cells fate. PloS one 33 22028850
1982 Glia cell stimulating factor (GSF): a new lymphokine. Part 2. Cellular sources and partial purification of human GSF. Journal of neuroimmunology 33 6185536
2022 Regulation of Pdx1 by oxidative stress and Nrf2 in pancreatic beta-cells. Frontiers in endocrinology 32 36187092
2013 A small-molecule inducer of PDX1 expression identified by high-throughput screening. Chemistry & biology 32 24290880
2006 Involvement of PDX-1 in activation of human insulin gene transcription. The Journal of endocrinology 31 16461554
2019 Hypericin maintians PDX1 expression via the Erk pathway and protects islet β-cells against glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. International journal of biological sciences 30 31337977
2008 Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1) functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 30 18477649
2004 Hepatic regeneration and enforced PDX-1 expression accelerate transdifferentiation in liver. Surgery 30 15300214
2002 Dose and schedule effect of G-GSF for stem cell mobilization in healthy donors for allogeneic transplantation. Leukemia & lymphoma 30 12389618
2019 Andrographolide promotes pancreatic duct cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells by targeting PDX-1. Biochemical pharmacology 28 31887289
2018 Liraglutide protects against glucolipotoxicity-induced RIN-m5F β-cell apoptosis through restoration of PDX1 expression. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 28 30353648
2015 Pdx1 regulates pancreas tubulogenesis and E-cadherin expression. Development (Cambridge, England) 28 26657766
2011 Dynamic regulation of PDX-1 and FoxO1 expression by FoxA2 in dexamethasone-induced pancreatic β-cells dysfunction. Endocrinology 28 21385937
2007 PDX-1 expression is associated with islet proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The Journal of surgical research 28 17583748
1997 Suppression of transcription factor PDX-1/IPF1/STF-1/IDX-1 causes no decrease in insulin mRNA in MIN6 cells. The Journal of clinical investigation 28 9312185
2020 Generation of viable PDX1 gene-edited founder pigs as providers of nonmosaics. Molecular reproduction and development 27 32166879
2018 A PDX1-ATF transcriptional complex governs β cell survival during stress. Molecular metabolism 27 30174228
2021 Saturated fatty acids entrap PDX1 in stress granules and impede islet beta cell function. Diabetologia 26 33569632
2016 Preserving expression of Pdx1 improves β-cell failure in diabetic mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 26 28017717
2010 Reduced expression of PDX-1 is associated with decreased beta cell function in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 26 20467340
2024 Repression of latent NF-κB enhancers by PDX1 regulates β cell functional heterogeneity. Cell metabolism 25 38171340
2013 Effect of Silymarin in Pdx-1 expression and the proliferation of pancreatic β-cells in a pancreatectomy model. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 25 24176839
2011 RB regulates pancreas development by stabilizing Pdx1. The EMBO journal 25 21399612
2010 SREBP-1c, Pdx-1, and GLP-1R involved in palmitate-EPA regulated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Journal of cellular biochemistry 25 20589757
2021 OGT Regulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function via Diabetes Susceptibility Gene Pdx1. Diabetes 24 34462257
2007 Gene array identification of Ipf1/Pdx1-/- regulated genes in pancreatic progenitor cells. BMC developmental biology 24 18036209
2005 The coactivator Bridge-1 increases transcriptional activation by pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1). Molecular and cellular endocrinology 24 15885879
2021 First Japanese Family With PDX1-MODY (MODY4): A Novel PDX1 Frameshift Mutation, Clinical Characteristics, and Implications. Journal of the Endocrine Society 23 34988346
2014 PDX-1 (pancreatic/duodenal homeobox-1 protein 1). Pathologica 23 25845046
2004 The role of pdx1 and HNF6 in proliferation and differentiation of endocrine precursors. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 23 15037986

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