Affinage

PBX1

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 · UniProt P40424

Length
430 aa
Mass
46.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 50 papers cited in narrative 49 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 9/9 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PBX1 is a TALE-class homeodomain transcription factor that acts as a hierarchical master regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and organ morphogenesis by forming cooperative DNA-binding complexes with partner proteins (PMID:16672333, PMID:11566859). Its homeodomain contains a three-residue insertion that creates a hydrophobic pocket binding the conserved hexapeptide/pentapeptide motif of HOX partners, and an additional C-terminal alpha-helix—unfolded in solution and folded only upon DNA binding—that stabilizes the Pbx-DNA interface (PMID:10052460, PMID:10448033, PMID:7565734). Heterodimerization positions PBX1 on the 5' TTGAT core adjacent to the HOX 3' site, while the identity of the HOX partner dictates target-site specificity and thereby the genomic loci of the complex (PMID:8657138, PMID:9010234, PMID:12923056). DNA binding is governed by an autoinhibitory N-terminal alpha-helix that occludes the homeodomain and is derepressed upon binding of HOX or MEIS/PREP1 partners, the latter engaging a conserved N-terminal Pbx domain (PMID:10637514, PMID:9405651). PBX1 functions as a pioneer factor that loads at specific loci, opens chromatin, reads epigenetic signatures, and guides recruitment of partner transcription factors such as ERα (PMID:22125492), and it occupies target regulatory regions prior to gene activation during neurogenesis (PMID:27226325). Genetically, PBX1 sits upstream of HOX genes, Shh, Polycomb, and organ-specific regulators (SF-1, Hox11/Nkx2.5, Pitx3, NFIL3) to control skeletal, limb, pancreatic, adrenal, renal, hematopoietic, and neuronal development (PMID:16672333, PMID:14595835, PMID:11912494, PMID:11566859, PMID:15944191, PMID:27354364, PMID:32190943); tissue-restricted partners such as HAND2 confine ubiquitous PBX1 activity to lineage-specific gene regulatory networks (PMID:37414772). PBX1 protein stability is set by opposing post-translational modifiers: USP9x deubiquitinates and stabilizes PBX1, whereas TRIM26 mediates K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (PMID:30718275, PMID:37324936). The oncogenic E2A-PBX1 fusion, which lacks the MEIS-interaction domain, drives leukemic transcription through RUNX1-dependent chromatin co-occupancy and recruitment of CBP/p300 (via the PCET/KIX interaction) and MED1/Mediator (PMID:32276273, PMID:33542097, PMID:22972988). A de novo p.Arg235Gln mutation in the homeodomain nuclear localization signal causes 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis by impairing nuclear localization and CBX2/EMX2 binding (PMID:31058389).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Established the molecular basis of cooperative HOX-PBX1 DNA binding, answering how two homeodomain proteins achieve combinatorial specificity neither has alone.

    Evidence In vitro DNA-binding assays, point mutagenesis, and peptide competition across multiple HOX proteins on the ATCAATCAA motif

    PMID:7565734 PMID:7791786

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the structural geometry of the contact
    • In vivo target genes not yet defined
  2. 1996 High

    Mapped PBX1 functional domains, showing the homeodomain suffices for cooperativity, that an N-terminal helix autoinhibits DNA binding, and that PBX1 can also repress transcription independent of DNA binding.

    Evidence Domain-deletion and chimeric mutagenesis with in vitro binding and reporter assays

    PMID:8552663 PMID:8657138

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of DNA-binding-independent repression had no identified partner
    • Physiological derepression trigger not defined
  3. 1997 High

    Defined the second partner class (MEIS1/PREP1) and the domain mediating it, explaining why the oncogenic E2A-PBX1 fusion cannot bind MEIS and identifying inhibitory partner HPIP.

    Evidence EMSA, co-IP, yeast two-hybrid with domain-deletion mapping

    PMID:9010234 PMID:9405651

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish the in vivo consequence of MEIS vs HOX partner choice
    • HPIP regulation of PBX1 not yet functionally validated in vivo
  4. 1999 High

    Provided the atomic and dynamic structural mechanism: a homeodomain insertion forms the hexapeptide pocket and a fourth helix folds only upon DNA binding, ordering complex assembly.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of HoxB1-Pbx1-DNA and multidimensional NMR of Pbx1

    PMID:10052460 PMID:10448033

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address posterior HOX complexes
    • Autoinhibitory helix geometry resolved only later
  5. 1999 Medium

    Resolved the autoinhibitory switch as a discrete N-terminal helix occluding the homeodomain, relieved by HOX and MEIS/PREP1 partners, and showed it is dispensable for E2A-PBX1 immortalization.

    Evidence In vitro deletion mutagenesis plus myeloid immortalization assays

    PMID:10637514

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab in vitro mapping
    • How partner binding mechanically displaces the helix not shown
  6. 2003 High

    Extended the structural model to posterior HOX, showing N-terminal arm residues confer differential DNA specificity, providing a structural basis for anterior-posterior HOX selectivity modulated by PBX1.

    Evidence 1.9 Å crystal structure of HoxA9-Pbx1-DNA with mutant binding assays

    PMID:12923056

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not map specificity onto in vivo genomic occupancy
  7. 2003 High

    Demonstrated PBX1 as an essential hierarchical organ-patterning factor across multiple organ systems, placing it genetically upstream of organ-specific regulators.

    Evidence Constitutive and compound-heterozygous mouse knockouts with marker analysis, explant recombination, and glucose-tolerance phenotyping (skeleton, pancreas/Ipf1, adrenal/SF-1, kidney mesenchyme)

    PMID:11566859 PMID:11912494 PMID:12591246 PMID:14595835

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct promoter occupancy at most downstream targets not shown in these studies
    • Did not distinguish HOX-dependent vs HOX-independent mechanisms per organ
  8. 2006 High

    Established that PBX1/PBX2 act upstream of HOX, Shh, and Polycomb to control limb and axial patterning, demonstrating their hierarchical position above these regulators.

    Evidence Pbx1/Pbx2 compound knockout mice with in situ hybridization and molecular markers

    PMID:15944191 PMID:16672333 PMID:18691704

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of redundancy between PBX1 and PBX2 not fully separated
    • Direct vs indirect control of Shh/Polycomb not resolved
  9. 2011 High

    Defined PBX1 as a stage-specific hematopoietic regulator required between HSC and common lymphoid progenitor stages, controlling lymphoid potential and restraining myeloid maturation via MEIS1-dependent programs.

    Evidence Blastocyst complementation, conditional knockout, rescue, and progenitor profiling

    PMID:17244677 PMID:23660001

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct PBX1 target genes in progenitors not fully enumerated
    • Partner requirements at each stage not dissected
  10. 2012 High

    Discovered PBX1 functions as a pioneer factor that opens chromatin and guides ERα recruitment, redefining it from a passive HOX cofactor to a primary determinant of chromatin accessibility and the estrogen transcriptional response.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, FAIRE-seq, and shRNA knockdown with expression profiling in breast cancer cells

    PMID:22125492

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of locus selection by PBX1 not fully defined
    • Whether pioneer activity requires partner proteins not resolved here
  11. 2014 Medium

    Showed PBX1 can be oncogene or tumor suppressor depending on partner choice, because PREP1 sequesters PBX1 from MEIS1 and destabilizes MEIS1, linking partner competition to transformation.

    Evidence Co-IP, protein-stability assays, and transformation assays in mouse embryonic fibroblasts

    PMID:24578510

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab biochemistry
    • Quantitative thresholds of partner availability in vivo unknown
  12. 2016 Medium

    Established direct PBX1 transcriptional control of lineage-specifying genes across diverse contexts (NK cells, dopaminergic neurons, SVZ neurogenesis, T-cell tolerance), including occupancy of regulatory regions before target expression consistent with a priming role.

    Evidence Conditional knockouts, transgenics, and ChIP at Nfil3, Pitx3/Onecut2/Nfe2l1, Dcx/Th, and CD44 with human PD tissue analysis

    PMID:27226325 PMID:27296664 PMID:27354364 PMID:28257976 PMID:32190943

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of temporal priming not biochemically defined
    • Most targets validated in single systems
  13. 2020 High

    Defined the E2A-PBX1 leukemic transcription mechanism as RUNX1-dependent chromatin tethering coupled to coactivator recruitment, rather than dependence on the PBX1 homeodomain DNA-binding activity.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, reciprocal co-IP, CRISPR/mutagenesis, and transformation assays defining RUNX1, p300/CBP (PCET/KIX), and MED1/Mediator dependence

    PMID:22972988 PMID:23044487 PMID:29694893 PMID:32276273 PMID:33542097

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of the multi-factor enhancer complex not resolved
    • Whether wild-type PBX1 uses analogous coactivator recruitment unclear
  14. 2023 High

    Explained how a ubiquitous factor achieves tissue specificity: tissue-restricted partners such as HAND2 occupy subsets of PBX1-bound regions to channel PBX1 into limb-specific gene regulatory networks.

    Evidence Tissue-specific/temporal knockout with genome-wide PBX1 binding across multiple tissues, ATAC-seq, and interaction assays

    PMID:37414772

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality of partner-restricted targeting beyond limb not tested
    • Direct structural basis of HAND2-PBX1 contact not shown
  15. 2023 Medium

    Identified the post-translational control of PBX1 abundance as a tunable opposing pair of enzymes, linking ubiquitin homeostasis to PBX1-driven transcriptional output.

    Evidence Co-IP/AP-MS, ubiquitination assays, domain deletion, and pharmacological inhibition (USP9x stabilizing; TRIM26 K48-degrading)

    PMID:30718275 PMID:37324936

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream signals controlling USP9x/TRIM26 activity on PBX1 unknown
    • Modification sites on PBX1 not mapped

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How wild-type PBX1 pioneer activity, partner-dictated locus selection, and post-translational stability are integrated to produce context-specific transcriptional outputs in vivo remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking chromatin opening to partner choice
  • Determinants of genome-wide site selection by free PBX1 undefined
  • Therapeutic targeting of the PBX1-DNA interface remains early-stage

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 5 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 5
Localization
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 5 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2
Partners
HAND2HOXA9HOXB1MEIS1PREP1/PKNOX1RUNX1TRIM26USP9X
Complex memberships
PBX1-HOX heterodimerPREP1/MEIS1-PBX1-HOX ternary complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 49 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 Crystal structure (2.35 Å) of a ternary HoxB1-Pbx1-DNA complex revealed that the HoxB1 hexapeptide binds in a hydrophobic pocket in the Pbx1 homeodomain formed by a three-amino-acid insertion; Pbx1 contains an additional fourth alpha-helix C-terminal to the canonical homeodomain that contributes to hexapeptide binding and to stable Pbx1-DNA interaction. X-ray crystallography (2.35 Å resolution) Cell High 10052460
1999 NMR studies showed that the fourth (C-terminal) alpha-helix of Pbx1 is unfolded in solution and folds only upon DNA binding; no conformational change was detected upon mixing Pbx1 with HoxB1 in the absence of DNA, suggesting DNA binding precedes or is required for stable Hox-Pbx1 complex assembly. Multidimensional NMR spectroscopy (1H, 15N, 13C) Journal of Molecular Biology High 10448033
2003 Crystal structure (1.9 Å) of a HoxA9-Pbx1-DNA ternary complex revealed that the posterior Hox hexapeptide adopts an altered conformation compared to anterior Hox complexes, and that residues in the N-terminal arm of the Hox homeodomain determine DNA sequence specificity via indirect contacts, providing a structural basis for anterior-posterior Hox binding specificity modulated by Pbx1. X-ray crystallography (1.9 Å), DNA-binding assays with wild-type and mutant proteins Genes & Development High 12923056
1995 The conserved pentapeptide motif (F/Y-P-W-M-R/K) located N-terminal to the Hox homeodomain is essential for cooperative DNA binding with Pbx1; point mutations at tryptophan and methionine abolished cooperativity; a wild-type pentapeptide peptide blocked cooperative binding and also stimulated Pbx1 DNA binding alone, establishing direct physical contact between the pentapeptide and Pbx1. In vitro DNA binding assays, point mutational analysis, competitive peptide inhibition Molecular and Cellular Biology High 7565734
1995 Pbx1 (and E2A-Pbx1) binds DNA cooperatively with multiple Hox proteins (HoxA5, HoxB7, HoxB8, HoxC8, HoxD4) on the ATCAATCAA motif; cooperative binding required the homeodomain-dependent DNA-binding activity of both partners; in cotransfection assays HoxB8 suppressed E2A-Pbx1 transactivation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), cotransfection/reporter assays Molecular and Cellular Biology High 7791786
1996 The Pbx1 homeodomain is sufficient for cooperative DNA binding with pentapeptide-containing Hox proteins; a 25-residue predicted alpha-helix preceding the homeodomain inhibits Pbx1 DNA binding and Hox heterodimerization, and a sequence immediately C-terminal to the homeodomain (highly conserved, predicted alpha-helix) enhances monomeric DNA binding and cooperativity; heterodimerization places Pbx1 on the 5' TTGAT core and Hox on the adjacent 3' TGAT core. In vitro DNA binding assays with deletion and chimeric mutants Molecular and Cellular Biology High 8657138
1997 Meis1 and pKnox1 dimerize with Pbx1 on a TGATTGAC motif; the Meis1/pKnox1-interaction domain in Pbx1 resides predominantly in a conserved N-terminal Pbx domain that is deleted in E2A-Pbx1, explaining why Meis1/pKnox1 fail to bind E2A-Pbx1; HPIP (a novel protein) also interacts with Pbx1 through the homeodomain and flanking sequences and inhibits PBX-HOX heterodimer DNA binding. EMSA, co-immunoprecipitation, yeast two-hybrid PNAS High 9405651
2000 A novel protein HPIP (hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein) was identified by yeast two-hybrid as a Pbx1 interactor; HPIP is mainly cytosolic; it interacts with Pbx1 via the homeodomain and flanking sequences; HPIP inhibits PBX-HOX heterodimer DNA binding in EMSA and strongly inhibits E2A-PBX1 transactivation. Yeast two-hybrid, EMSA, transactivation reporter assays, subcellular fractionation Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 10825160
1999 An inhibitory 25-residue alpha-helix immediately N-terminal to the Pbx1 homeodomain binds the homeodomain and prevents DNA binding and Hox heterodimerization; an additional 39-residue region N-terminal to this helix mediates Pbx homodimerization and heterodimerization on DNA; Hox and Meis1/Prep1 partners relieve the inhibitory switch; the inhibitory switch is dispensable for myeloid immortalization by E2A-Pbx1. In vitro DNA binding assays, deletion mutagenesis, myeloid immortalization assays Oncogene Medium 10637514
1997 Pbx1 heterodimers with different Hox proteins bind distinct DNA motifs; unique sequences in the N-terminal arm of the Hox homeodomain mediate this differential specificity; in vivo, Hox proteins directed E2A-Pbx1-mediated transactivation to cognate Hox-Pbx motifs, demonstrating Hox-dependent targeting of Pbx1 complexes to distinct genomic sites. EMSA with recombinant proteins, cotransfection/reporter assays, structural modeling Oncogene Medium 9010234
1993 Expression of the E2A-PBX1 chimeric homeodomain protein under control of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer in transgenic mice induced T-cell lymphomas and paradoxically increased both cell cycling and apoptosis in pretumorous lymphoid cells, establishing that the fusion oncogene simultaneously drives proliferation and programmed cell death in lymphoid cells in vivo. Transgenic mouse model, flow cytometry, histopathology Cell High 8104101
2001 Pbx1-deficient mice die at E15/16 with widespread skeletal patterning defects restricted to Hox-dimerization-motif-bearing protein domains; in affected limbs and ribs, chondrocyte proliferation was markedly reduced with premature hypertrophy and precocious Col1a1 expression, establishing Pbx1 as a regulator of chondrocyte proliferation/differentiation timing without altering Hox gene expression. Pbx1 knockout mouse, histology, in situ hybridization, molecular marker analysis Development High 11566859
2002 Pbx1-deficient embryos display pancreatic hypoplasia with severe defects in exocrine and endocrine cell differentiation; expression of Isl1 and Atoh5 was severely reduced; compound Pbx1+/−;Ipf1+/− mice develop overt diabetes, establishing in vivo genetic interaction between Pbx1 and Ipf1 (Pdx1) required for postnatal pancreatic function. Pbx1 knockout mouse, compound heterozygous mouse genetics (epistasis), molecular marker analysis, glucose tolerance testing Nature Genetics High 11912494
2003 Pbx1-deficient mice completely lack adrenal glands; expression of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) was reduced to minimal levels in Pbx1 mutant genital ridges, placing Pbx1 upstream of SF-1 in the adrenocortical development pathway; loss of Pbx1 also impaired Müllerian duct formation and mesonephric differentiation. Pbx1 knockout mouse, molecular marker analysis (SF-1 expression), histology Genesis High 14595835
2003 In Pbx1-deficient kidneys, ureteric branching and elongation were reduced and nephron number was decreased; heterologous recombination explant cultures demonstrated that renal defects arose exclusively from mesenchymal (not ureteric) dysfunction, establishing Pbx1 as a regulator of mesenchymal-epithelial signaling during renal morphogenesis. Pbx1 knockout mouse, kidney explant heterologous recombination assays, molecular marker analysis Developmental Biology High 12591246
2005 ChIP assays showed that Pbx1 binds the Hox11 promoter in spleen mesenchymal cells; Hox11 and Nkx2.5 expression are absent in Pbx1-null splenic anlage; Pbx1 and Hox11 genetically interact in spleen formation (double mutants have exacerbated phenotypes), establishing Pbx1 as a hierarchical upstream regulator in a Pbx1-Hox11 transcriptional pathway for spleen ontogeny. Pbx1/Hox11 double mutant mouse genetics, ChIP, in situ hybridization Development High 15944191
2006 Pbx1/Pbx2 compound loss-of-function mice exhibit severe distal limb defects and Pbx1−/−;Pbx2−/− embryos lack limbs entirely; these defects are mediated by hierarchical control of Hox gene spatial distribution and Shh expression in the posterior limb/ZPA, demonstrating that Pbx1/Pbx2 act upstream of Hox genes and Shh to control limb axis patterning. Pbx1/Pbx2 double knockout mouse, in situ hybridization, molecular marker analysis Development High 16672333
2008 Pbx1/Pbx2 compound loss-of-function establishes that axial skeletal patterning requires Pbx1/2 through genetic control of Polycomb and Hox expression in mesoderm and Pax1/Pax9 expression in sclerotome, placing Pbx1/2 in a hierarchical position above these axial patterning regulators. Pbx1/Pbx2 double knockout mouse, molecular marker analysis (Polycomb, Hox, Pax1/Pax9) Developmental Biology High 18691704
2007 Using Rag1-deficient blastocyst complementation, Pbx1-null ES cells failed to generate common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), resulting in complete absence of B and NK cells and partial impairment of T-cell development; restoration of Pbx1 expression rescued B-cell development from CLPs; conditional inactivation in pro-B (CD19+) cells showed Pbx1 is not required after CLP commitment, placing its essential function between HSC and CLP stages. Blastocyst complementation (Rag1-deficient), conditional gene rescue, adoptive transfer, flow cytometry Blood High 17244677
2009 Pbx1 is a direct transcriptional target of Evi-1; Evi-1 overexpression upregulates Pbx1 transcription via the Pbx1 promoter; RNAi knockdown of Pbx1 inhibits Evi-1-induced bone marrow transformation but not transformation by E2A/HLF or AML1/ETO, establishing Pbx1 as specifically required downstream of Evi-1 in leukemogenesis. Promoter reporter assays, RNAi knockdown, bone marrow transformation assays, genetic epistasis Oncogene Medium 19767769
2009 KLF4 and PBX1 are transcriptional activators of NANOG in human ESCs; PBX1 binds directly to a novel upstream enhancer and the proximal NANOG promoter (confirmed by ChIP and EMSA); knockdown or mutation of PBX1 binding sites reduces NANOG promoter activity; PBX1 cooperates synergistically with OCT4 and SOX2 to transactivate NANOG. ChIP, EMSA, luciferase reporter assay, RNAi knockdown, overexpression in hESCs Stem Cells Medium 19522013
2010 Pbx1 negatively regulates Hoxa10-mediated osteoblast gene transcription; ChIP showed Pbx1 is associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs) at osteoblast-related gene promoters; loss of Pbx1 from promoters during differentiation correlates with increased histone acetylation, CBP/p300 recruitment, and decreased H3K9 methylation; Pbx1 acts through a Pbx-binding site that attenuates Hoxa10-mediated activation of osteocalcin and Bsp promoters. ChIP, shRNA knockdown, reporter assays with wild-type and mutant promoters, overexpression in mesenchymal cells Molecular and Cellular Biology Medium 20439491
2011 PBX1 acts as a pioneer factor in breast cancer cells: ChIP-seq and FAIRE-seq showed PBX1 is loaded at specific genomic locations with open chromatin, promotes chromatin accessibility, reads specific epigenetic signatures, and guides ERα recruitment to a specific subset of genomic sites; PBX1 depletion abolishes estrogen-stimulated proliferation and controls >70% of the estrogen transcriptional response. ChIP-seq, FAIRE-seq, shRNA knockdown, expression profiling PLoS Genetics High 22125492
2012 GCN5 (acetyltransferase subunit of the STAGA complex) directly interacts with the E2A portion of E2A-PBX1, acetylates E2A-PBX1, and increases its protein stability in cells; the E3 ubiquitin ligase HDM2 promotes E2A-PBX1 degradation; GCN5 inhibitor MB-3 decreases E2A-PBX1 acetylation and protein levels in leukemic cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro/cell-based acetylation assays, Western blot, pharmacological inhibition Leukemia Medium 23044487
2012 Structural determination of the E2A PCET motif bound to the KIX domain of CBP/p300; residues throughout the helical PCET motif contact KIX; these residues are required for both KIX binding and bone marrow immortalization by E2A-PBX1, establishing the PCET/KIX interaction as mechanistically required for E2A-PBX1 leukemogenic activity. NMR/X-ray structural determination of peptide-KIX complex, mutagenesis, bone marrow immortalization assay Blood High 22972988
2005 Pbx1 binds Hoxb1 autoregulatory enhancer elements (PH and PM sites); Prep1-Pbx1 forms ternary complexes with Hoxb1 at the R3/PM2 combination sufficient to drive hindbrain r4 reporter expression in vivo; a high-affinity PM site (R2/PM3) inhibits ternary complex formation and restricts reporter expression, demonstrating that multiple Prep1-Pbx1 and Pbx1-Hox binding sites cooperate to modulate Hoxb1 autoregulation. In vitro binding assays, transgenic reporter analysis in chick and mouse embryos, mutagenesis of binding sites Molecular and Cellular Biology Medium 16166636
2008 Pbx1 is a direct transcriptional target of Notch3; the Notch3/CSL protein complex binds directly to the CSL-binding sequence in the Pbx1 promoter; ectopic Pbx1 expression partially reverses the growth-inhibitory effect of gamma-secretase inhibitor; Pbx1 shRNA knockdown reduces cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in ovarian cancer cells. ChIP (Notch3/CSL-Pbx1 promoter), reporter assay, shRNA knockdown, rescue experiment with ectopic expression Cancer Research Medium 18974129
2014 Prep1 and Meis1 competitively heterodimerize with Pbx1; Prep1 posttranslationally reduces Meis1 stability by sequestering Pbx1 from Meis1; loss of Prep1 allows Meis1 to remain bound to Pbx1 and remain stable, enabling oncogenic transformation; Pbx1 can therefore function as either oncogene or tumor suppressor depending on which partner (Meis1 vs. Prep1) it dimerizes with. Co-immunoprecipitation, protein stability assays, transformation assays in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, overexpression/knockdown PNAS Medium 24578510
2016 PBX1 directly represses Onecut2 (to inhibit lateral fates) and directly activates Pitx3 (to promote mDAn development) and Nfe2l1 (to protect from oxidative stress) in midbrain dopaminergic neurons; PBX1 and NFE2L1 levels are severely reduced in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease patients. ChIP, conditional knockout mouse (loss of function), gene expression analysis, human PD tissue analysis The EMBO Journal Medium 27354364
2016 PBX1 directly binds the STAT3 promoter and positively regulates STAT3 transcription in ovarian cancer; silencing PBX1 in platinum-resistant cells reduces stem-like properties and sensitizes cells to carboplatin; a STAT3/JAK2 inhibitor potently sensitizes platinum-resistant cells to carboplatin in vivo. ChIP, shRNA knockdown, overexpression, in vivo xenograft model Cancer Research Medium 27590741
2016 Pbx1-d (dominant-negative isoform lacking DNA-binding and Hox-binding domains) expression in CD4+ T cells expands follicular helper T cells (TFH) and impairs Foxp3+ Treg homeostasis; Pbx1-d-Tg CD4+ T cells upregulate miR-10a, miR-21, and miR-155; Pbx1-d directly regulates CD44 expression through two promoter binding sites, with enhanced MEIS co-factor recruitment relative to normal Pbx1-b. Transgenic mouse model, flow cytometry, ChIP, reporter assay, co-factor recruitment assay Journal of Immunology / Molecular Immunology Medium 27296664 28257976
2016 Pbx1 restrains myeloid maturation and maintains lymphoid potential in multipotent progenitors; conditional Pbx1 knockout reduces MPP and CMP pools due to aberrantly rapid myeloid differentiation, associated with premature myeloid gene expression and reduced Meis1 expression (a Pbx1 dimerization partner), placing Pbx1 upstream of Meis1-dependent transcriptional programs in hematopoietic progenitor lineage specification. Conditional Pbx1 knockout mouse, flow cytometry of purified progenitors, transcriptional profiling, proliferation/differentiation assays Journal of Cell Science Medium 23660001
2016 Pbx1 is required for adult subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis; retroviral Cre-mediated deletion in Pbx2-deficient SVZ stem/progenitor cells significantly reduced neuron production and increased oligodendrocyte generation; loss of Pbx1 in neuroblasts compromised cell survival; ChIP from endogenous tissues detected PBX1 binding to regulatory regions of Dcx and Th weeks before their expression, suggesting a priming/pioneer role. Retroviral Cre delivery in conditional/Pbx2-null mice, neurosphere assays, ChIP from endogenous brain tissue Development Medium 27226325
2018 SETDB2 is directly transcriptionally activated by E2A-PBX1 in pre-BCR+ ALL and suppresses expression of cell-cycle inhibitor CDKN2C through histone H3K9 tri-methylation, establishing an oncogenic pathway subordinate to E2A-PBX1 that silences a tumor suppressor. ChIP, shRNA knockdown, H3K9me3 ChIP, in vitro/in vivo leukemia maintenance assays Cell Reports Medium 29694893
2019 USP9x deubiquitinase interacts with PBX1 and stabilizes PBX1 protein by attenuating Lys48-linked polyubiquitination; USP9x inhibitor WP1130 induces PBX1 degradation and promotes prostate cancer cell apoptosis, identifying USP9x as a specific deubiquitinase for PBX1. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, pharmacological inhibition (WP1130), siRNA knockdown, apoptosis assays Journal of Biological Chemistry Medium 30718275
2019 PBX1 promotes NK cell development by directly binding the Nfil3 promoter and upregulating NFIL3/E4BP4 transcription; conditional PBX1 knockout in hematopoietic cells reduces pre-NKP and rNKP progenitors similarly to NFIL3 deficiency; CRISPR knockout of the PBX1-binding site in the Nfil3 promoter in vivo reduces NK precursor and mature NK cells; asparagine N286 in the PBX1 homeodomain is required for Nfil3 promoter binding. Conditional knockout mouse, CRISPR-mediated binding-site deletion in vivo, ChIP, site-directed mutagenesis FASEB Journal High 32190943
2019 PBX1 expression in decidual NK (dNK) cells is upregulated through AKT1 pathway activation downstream of MHC-G/ILT2 receptor interaction; PBX1 drives pleiotrophin and osteoglycin transcription in dNK cells to promote fetal development; Pbx1 inactivation in mouse dNK cells impairs fetal development by reducing growth-promoting factors from CD49a+PBX1+ dNK cells. Conditional knockout mouse (dNK-specific), pathway inhibition, ChIP/transcriptional assays, human patient samples Science Translational Medicine Medium 32238574
2020 E2A-PBX1 preferentially binds genomic loci co-occupied by RUNX1 and gene-activating machinery (p300, MED1, H3K27ac); E2A-PBX1 directly interacts with RUNX1 through the PBX1 homeodomain region; E2A-PBX1 chromatin binding at enhancers depends on the RUNX1 interaction but not on PBX1 homeodomain DNA-binding activity; RUNX1 is required for E2A-PBX1 target gene activation and leukemogenesis; E2A-PBX1 also directly activates the RUNX1 locus itself. ChIP-seq, co-immunoprecipitation, CRISPR/mutagenesis, transcriptome analysis, cell transformation assays Blood High 32276273
2021 Mediator subunit MED1 directly interacts with the E2A activation domain of E2A-PBX1; MED1 depletion by CRISPR/Cas9 specifically impairs E2A-PBX1-dependent gene activation and leukemic cell growth; DNA-bound RUNX1 recruits E2A-PBX1 to target loci and EBF1 further stabilizes this interaction, establishing a multi-factor complex required for E2A-PBX1 oncogenic transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, ChIP-seq, transcriptome analysis, in vitro binding assays PNAS High 33542097
2003 Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) physically interacts with Pbx1 in vivo (co-immunoprecipitation); the GR DNA-binding domain is required for GC/RA synergy; GC potentiates RA-induced Hoxb-1 expression through the Pbx1/HOXB1-bound autoregulatory element b1-ARE without requiring GR binding to that element, suggesting GR-Pbx1 cross-talk regulates Hox target gene expression. Co-immunoprecipitation, reporter assays, domain-deletion analysis Biochemical Journal Medium 12487626
2007 A novel zinc-finger protein ZFPIP physically binds PBX1 in vivo and prevents the binding of HOXA9/PBX1 complexes to their consensus DNA site, identifying a new class of PBX1 inhibitory partner that modulates Hox-PBX1 DNA binding. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, EMSA Mechanisms of Development Medium 17353115
2019 A de novo missense mutation p.Arg235Gln in the TALE homeodomain nuclear localization signal of PBX1 impairs nuclear localization of the protein and abolishes its physical interaction with CBX2 and EMX2 (proteins required for testis-determination), providing a mechanism for 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis caused by this mutation. Subcellular localization assay, co-immunoprecipitation, patient mutation analysis Human Mutation Medium 31058389
2022 METTL3-mediated m6A modification stabilizes PBX1 mRNA; PBX1 acts as a transcription factor inducing GCH1 expression (confirmed by ChIP); the METTL3-PBX1-GCH1 axis increases tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels in gastric cancer cells to promote tumor progression. m6A RIP-seq, ChIP, Western blot, xenograft model, ELISA/LC-MS Cancer Communications Medium 35261206
2022 PBX1 is ectopically expressed in chr1q-amplified multiple myeloma via amplification and epigenetic activation of its 3D regulatory domain; PBX1 binds to reprogrammed superenhancers and directly regulates a FOXM1-dependent transcriptional program; pharmacological disruption with T417 (a novel PBX1 small molecule inhibitor docking to the PBX1-DNA interface) is selectively toxic to chr1q-amp myeloma and solid tumor cells. Multi-omics (ChIP-seq, 3D chromatin), pharmacological inhibition (T417/thiostrepton), patient genomic data integration Blood Medium 35015835
2023 Pbx1 directly regulates B-cell homeostasis by targeting proliferation and apoptosis pathway genes; B cell-specific Pbx1 knockout in mice causes excessive humoral responses and enhanced germinal center reactions; ChIP and CUT&TAG assays identified direct Pbx1 target genes controlling B-cell survival and proliferation; enforced PBX1 expression in SLE patient B cells attenuates their survival and proliferative capacity. B cell-specific conditional knockout mouse, ChIP, CUT&TAG, RNA-seq, overexpression in human SLE B cells Arthritis & Rheumatology Medium 36862399
2023 PBX1/2 and HAND2 cooperate to direct a limb-specific gene regulatory network (GRN) in posterior hindlimb mesenchymal cells; tissue-specific and temporally controlled mutagenesis combined with genome-wide PBX1 binding profiling across multiple embryonic tissues shows that HAND2 interacts with subsets of PBX1-bound regions to restrict PBX1 activity to limb-specific GRNs, explaining how ubiquitous PBX1 achieves tissue-specific functions. Conditional/temporal knockout mouse, multi-omics (ChIP-seq across tissues, ATAC-seq), co-immunoprecipitation/interaction assays Nature Communications High 37414772
2023 TRIM26 E3 ubiquitin ligase binds PBX1 (identified by affinity purification-MS) and mediates K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PBX1 in a RING domain-dependent manner; TRIM26 inhibits PBX1 transcriptional activity and downregulates PBX1 target gene RNF6. Affinity purification-MS, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, domain deletion (RING), reporter assay, xenograft model International Journal of Biological Sciences Medium 37324936
1996 An internal domain of Pbx1 (upstream of the homeodomain, highly conserved among Pbx proteins) selectively represses transcription induced by the Sp1 activation domain but not VP16 or p53, and this repression activity does not require homeodomain-dependent DNA binding, indicating Pbx1 can regulate transcription through DNA-binding-independent mechanisms. Transient transfection reporter assays, domain-deletion analysis PNAS Medium 8552663
2021 PBX1 is required for MPN progression driven by JAK2V617F; in compound JAK2V617F × Pbx1-null mice (JP model), typical MPN features (thrombocythemia, granulocytosis, splenomegaly, cytokine-independent growth) are absent; PBX1 controls part of the molecular pathways deregulated by JAK2V617F, placing PBX1 as a required co-effector downstream or parallel to JAK2V617F signaling in MPN. Conditional double-mutant mouse model (JAK2V617F × Pbx1 knockout), flow cytometry, transcriptome profiling Stem Cell Reports Medium 34678207

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1999 Structure of a HoxB1-Pbx1 heterodimer bound to DNA: role of the hexapeptide and a fourth homeodomain helix in complex formation. Cell 280 10052460
2001 Requirement for Pbx1 in skeletal patterning and programming chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Development (Cambridge, England) 249 11566859
2002 Differential expression of Hox, Meis1, and Pbx1 genes in primitive cells throughout murine hematopoietic ontogeny. Experimental hematology 225 11823037
1993 Chimeric homeobox gene E2A-PBX1 induces proliferation, apoptosis, and malignant lymphomas in transgenic mice. Cell 183 8104101
2003 Structure of HoxA9 and Pbx1 bound to DNA: Hox hexapeptide and DNA recognition anterior to posterior. Genes & development 168 12923056
1997 Meis1 and pKnox1 bind DNA cooperatively with Pbx1 utilizing an interaction surface disrupted in oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 167 9405651
2011 PBX1 genomic pioneer function drives ERα signaling underlying progression in breast cancer. PLoS genetics 158 22125492
2002 Pbx1 inactivation disrupts pancreas development and in Ipf1-deficient mice promotes diabetes mellitus. Nature genetics 158 11912494
2006 Pbx1/Pbx2 requirement for distal limb patterning is mediated by the hierarchical control of Hox gene spatial distribution and Shh expression. Development (Cambridge, England) 154 16672333
1995 The pentapeptide motif of Hox proteins is required for cooperative DNA binding with Pbx1, physically contacts Pbx1, and enhances DNA binding by Pbx1. Molecular and cellular biology 141 7565734
1995 Both Pbx1 and E2A-Pbx1 bind the DNA motif ATCAATCAA cooperatively with the products of multiple murine Hox genes, some of which are themselves oncogenes. Molecular and cellular biology 136 7791786
2003 Pbx1 is essential for adrenal development and urogenital differentiation. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 133 14595835
2009 KLF4 and PBX1 directly regulate NANOG expression in human embryonic stem cells. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 110 19522013
2005 A Pbx1-dependent genetic and transcriptional network regulates spleen ontogeny. Development (Cambridge, England) 107 15944191
2016 A PBX1 transcriptional network controls dopaminergic neuron development and is impaired in Parkinson's disease. The EMBO journal 100 27354364
1996 Structural determinants within Pbx1 that mediate cooperative DNA binding with pentapeptide-containing Hox proteins: proposal for a model of a Pbx1-Hox-DNA complex. Molecular and cellular biology 96 8657138
2003 Pbx1 regulates nephrogenesis and ureteric branching in the developing kidney. Developmental biology 93 12591246
1997 E2a-Pbx1 induces aberrant expression of tissue-specific and developmentally regulated genes when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Molecular and cellular biology 88 9032278
1995 Hox gene products modulate the DNA binding activity of Pbx1 and Pbx2. Mechanisms of development 77 7577680
2005 Hoxb1 enhancer and control of rhombomere 4 expression: complex interplay between PREP1-PBX1-HOXB1 binding sites. Molecular and cellular biology 74 16166636
2020 PBX1 expression in uterine natural killer cells drives fetal growth. Science translational medicine 72 32238574
2008 Identification of Pbx1, a potential oncogene, as a Notch3 target gene in ovarian cancer. Cancer research 64 18974129
2016 Ovarian Cancer Chemoresistance Relies on the Stem Cell Reprogramming Factor PBX1. Cancer research 62 27590741
2010 Pbx1 represses osteoblastogenesis by blocking Hoxa10-mediated recruitment of chromatin remodeling factors. Molecular and cellular biology 61 20439491
2015 Comparative genomics reveals multistep pathogenesis of E2A-PBX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The Journal of clinical investigation 57 26301816
2022 m6 A-mediated regulation of PBX1-GCH1 axis promotes gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by elevating tetrahydrobiopterin levels. Cancer communications (London, England) 56 35261206
2000 Functional cloning and characterization of a novel nonhomeodomain protein that inhibits the binding of PBX1-HOX complexes to DNA. The Journal of biological chemistry 56 10825160
2009 Pbx1 is a downstream target of Evi-1 in hematopoietic stem/progenitors and leukemic cells. Oncogene 55 19767769
2007 B-cell development fails in the absence of the Pbx1 proto-oncogene. Blood 55 17244677
2017 A tale of TALE, PREP1, PBX1, and MEIS1: Interconnections and competition in cancer. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 53 28322463
2012 GCN5 acetylates and regulates the stability of the oncoprotein E2A-PBX1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 53 23044487
2006 Direct regulation of egl-1 and of programmed cell death by the Hox protein MAB-5 and by CEH-20, a C. elegans homolog of Pbx1. Development (Cambridge, England) 53 16421192
1997 Heterodimerization of Hox proteins with Pbx1 and oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1 generates unique DNA-binding specifities at nucleotides predicted to contact the N-terminal arm of the Hox homeodomain--demonstration of Hox-dependent targeting of E2a-Pbx1 in vivo. Oncogene 49 9010234
2014 Prep1 and Meis1 competition for Pbx1 binding regulates protein stability and tumorigenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 48 24578510
2016 Idelalisib sensitivity and mechanisms of disease progression in relapsed TCF3-PBX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 47 27461063
2019 Inhibition of the deubiquitinase USP9x induces pre-B cell homeobox 1 (PBX1) degradation and thereby stimulates prostate cancer cell apoptosis. The Journal of biological chemistry 46 30718275
2017 Overexpression of lipid metabolism genes and PBX1 in the contralateral breasts of women with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. International journal of cancer 46 28263391
2015 The pioneer factor PBX1 is a novel driver of metastatic progression in ERα-positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 46 26215677
2006 PLZF regulates Pbx1 transcription and Pbx1-HoxC8 complex leads to androgen-independent prostate cancer proliferation. The Prostate 46 16637071
1999 Fibroblast growth factor-8 expression is regulated by intronic engrailed and Pbx1-binding sites. The Journal of biological chemistry 45 10026229
2019 Wnt5a and ROR1 activate non-canonical Wnt signaling via RhoA in TCF3-PBX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia and highlight new treatment strategies via Bcl-2 co-targeting. Oncogene 44 30631148
2019 NANOG Attenuates Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence by Upregulating PBX1 and Activating AKT Signaling. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 42 31885790
2011 Cooperative transcriptional activation by Klf4, Meis2, and Pbx1. Molecular and cellular biology 42 21746878
2017 PBX1 as Pioneer Factor: A Case Still Open. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 41 28261581
2016 Pbx1 is required for adult subventricular zone neurogenesis. Development (Cambridge, England) 41 27226325
2012 Identification of PBX1 target genes in cancer cells by global mapping of PBX1 binding sites. PloS one 41 22567123
2024 Exosomal lncRNA NEAT1 Inhibits NK-Cell Activity to Promote Multiple Myeloma Cell Immune Escape via an EZH2/PBX1 Axis. Molecular cancer research : MCR 40 37889101
1999 An inhibitory switch derepressed by pbx, hox, and Meis/Prep1 partners regulates DNA-binding by pbx1 and E2a-pbx1 and is dispensable for myeloid immortalization by E2a-pbx1. Oncogene 39 10637514
2008 Pbx1/Pbx2 govern axial skeletal development by controlling Polycomb and Hox in mesoderm and Pax1/Pax9 in sclerotome. Developmental biology 38 18691704
1997 The highest affinity DNA element bound by Pbx complexes in t(1;19) leukemic cells fails to mediate cooperative DNA-binding or cooperative transactivation by E2a-Pbx1 and class I Hox proteins - evidence for selective targetting of E2a-Pbx1 to a subset of Pbx-recognition elements. Oncogene 38 9191052
2005 Pbx1 is required for Hox D3-mediated angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 36 16328158
1996 The divergent homeobox gene PBX1 is expressed in the postnatal subventricular zone and interneurons of the olfactory bulb. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 36 8622127
2020 E2A-PBX1 functions as a coactivator for RUNX1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 35 32276273
1995 Localization of Pbx1 transcripts in developing rat embryos. Mechanisms of development 35 7547467
2012 Structural basis of CBP/p300 recruitment in leukemia induction by E2A-PBX1. Blood 34 22972988
2022 Systems medicine dissection of chr1q-amp reveals a novel PBX1-FOXM1 axis for targeted therapy in multiple myeloma. Blood 32 35015835
2020 A novel c-Kit/phospho-prohibitin axis enhances ovarian cancer stemness and chemoresistance via Notch3-PBX1 and β-catenin-ABCG2 signaling. Journal of biomedical science 31 32169072
2016 E2A-PBX1 Remodels Oncogenic Signaling Networks in B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoid Leukemia. Cancer research 31 27758892
2013 Pbx1 restrains myeloid maturation while preserving lymphoid potential in hematopoietic progenitors. Journal of cell science 30 23660001
2021 PBX1: a key character of the hallmarks of cancer. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 29 34529123
2018 SETDB2 Links E2A-PBX1 to Cell-Cycle Dysregulation in Acute Leukemia through CDKN2C Repression. Cell reports 29 29694893
2018 PBX1 promotes the cell proliferation via JAK2/STAT3 signaling in clear cell renal carcinoma. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 29678569
2016 The Lupus Susceptibility Gene Pbx1 Regulates the Balance between Follicular Helper T Cell and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 28 27296664
2014 Direct and indirect targets of the E2A-PBX1 leukemia-specific fusion protein. PloS one 28 24503810
2010 Pbx1 is essential for growth of zebrafish swim bladder. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 28 20108353
2008 Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1 (PBX1) shows functional and possible genetic association with bone mineral density variation. Human molecular genetics 28 19064610
2006 The effects of siRNA-mediated inhibition of E2A-PBX1 on EB-1 and Wnt16b expression in the 697 pre-B leukemia cell line. Haematologica 27 16769578
1999 NMR studies of the pbx1 TALE homeodomain protein free in solution and bound to DNA: proposal for a mechanism of HoxB1-Pbx1-DNA complex assembly. Journal of molecular biology 27 10448033
2011 PBX1: a novel stage-specific regulator of adipocyte development. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 26 21922607
2021 Mediator subunit MED1 is required for E2A-PBX1-mediated oncogenic transcription and leukemic cell growth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 25 33542097
2021 PBX1 Attenuates Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence and Apoptosis by Alleviating Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated DNA Damage Instead of Enhancing DNA Damage Repair. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 25 34869323
1999 EB-1, a tyrosine kinase signal transduction gene, is transcriptionally activated in the t(1;19) subset of pre-B ALL, which express oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1. Oncogene 25 10490826
2017 uc.38 induces breast cancer cell apoptosis via PBX1. American journal of cancer research 24 29312798
2003 Cross-talk between glucocorticoid and retinoic acid signals involving glucocorticoid receptor interaction with the homoeodomain protein Pbx1. The Biochemical journal 24 12487626
1996 Selective repression of transcriptional activators by Pbx1 does not require the homeodomain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 24 8552663
2015 Associations of Polymorphisms in WNT9B and PBX1 with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome in Chinese Han. PloS one 23 26075712
2001 The leukemogenic transcription factor E2a-Pbx1 induces expression of the putative N-myc and p53 target gene NDRG1 in Ba/F3 cells. Leukemia 22 11237058
2023 TRIM26 promotes non-small cell lung cancer survival by inducing PBX1 degradation. International journal of biological sciences 21 37324936
2021 The clinical outcomes and genomic landscapes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with E2A-PBX1: A 10-year retrospective study. American journal of hematology 21 34406703
2020 PBX1 promotes development of natural killer cells by binding directly to the Nfil3 promoter. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 21 32190943
2022 Targeting SPHK1/PBX1 Axis Induced Cell Cycle Arrest in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. International journal of molecular sciences 20 36361531
2021 Establishment of the TALE-code reveals aberrantly activated homeobox gene PBX1 in Hodgkin lymphoma. PloS one 20 33539429
2021 Development of small molecule inhibitors targeting PBX1 transcription signaling as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy. iScience 20 34816098
2024 PBX1 as a novel master regulator in cancer: Its regulation, molecular biology, and therapeutic applications. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer 18 38341110
2022 PBX1-SIRT1 Positive Feedback Loop Attenuates ROS-Mediated HF-MSC Senescence and Apoptosis. Stem cell reviews and reports 18 35962175
2008 Evidence for Hox and E2A-PBX1 collaboration in mouse T-cell leukemia. Oncogene 18 18679416
2007 Identification of a new type of PBX1 partner that contains zinc finger motifs and inhibits the binding of HOXA9-PBX1 to DNA. Mechanisms of development 18 17353115
1997 Hyperdiploidy and E2A-PBX1 fusion in an adult with t(1;19)+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia: case report and review of the literature. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 18 9408756
2023 Involvement of Transcriptional Factor Pbx1 in Peripheral B Cell Homeostasis to Constrain Lupus Autoimmunity. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 17 36862399
2021 MicroRNA-141-3p inhibits the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via targeting PBX1 through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 17 34976139
2020 Paternal mosaicism for a novel PBX1 mutation associated with recurrent perinatal death: Phenotypic expansion of the PBX1-related syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 17 32141698
2022 The TALE never ends: A comprehensive overview of the role of PBX1, a TALE transcription factor, in human developmental defects. Human mutation 16 35451537
2020 PBX1 Increases the Radiosensitivity of Oesophageal Squamous Cancer by Targeting of STAT3. Pathology oncology research : POR 15 32170580
2019 The TALE homeodomain of PBX1 is involved in human primary testis-determination. Human mutation 15 31058389
2016 Regulation of the miRNA expression by TEL/AML1, BCR/ABL, MLL/AF4 and TCF3/PBX1 oncoproteins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Review). Oncology reports 15 27431573
2023 A spatio-temporally constrained gene regulatory network directed by PBX1/2 acquires limb patterning specificity via HAND2. Nature communications 14 37414772
2021 PBX1-directed stem cell transcriptional program drives tumor progression in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Stem cell reports 14 34678207
2017 The PBX1 lupus susceptibility gene regulates CD44 expression. Molecular immunology 14 28257976
2013 Detection of E2A-PBX1 fusion transcripts in human non-small-cell lung cancer. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 14 23688269
2009 Essential role for Pbx1 in corneal morphogenesis. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 13 19797217

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