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Showing CCL18 — PARC is a alias.

CCL18

C-C motif chemokine 18 · UniProt P55774

Length
89 aa
Mass
9.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 36 papers cited in narrative 36 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CCL18 is a constitutively secreted CC chemokine that operates at the interface of immune regulation, tissue fibrosis, and tumor progression by engaging multiple receptors to direct cell migration and phenotypic conversion (PMID:21481794, PMID:12646652). In the immune compartment it is produced by immature dendritic cells and down-regulated upon DC maturation, acts as a chemoattractant for immature DCs and B-lymphocyte subsets, and drives a tolerogenic program: it differentiates monocytes into semimature tolerogenic DCs via an IL-10/IDO axis and converts memory CD4+ T cells into IL-10/TGF-β1-producing, suppressive Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (PMID:12646652, PMID:11207283, PMID:21803856, PMID:20702776, PMID:22649201). CCL18 also polarizes monocytes toward M2-spectrum macrophages with high phagocytic capacity and an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (PMID:22117697). Beyond signaling through its own receptors, CCL18 functions as a chemokine-system regulator, antagonizing CCR1/2/3/4/5-mediated chemotaxis primarily by displacing glycosaminoglycan-bound chemokines from cell surfaces (PMID:23951310). In fibrosis, CCL18 stimulates pulmonary fibroblast collagen production through a PKCα/ERK2 pathway requiring intracellular calcium, Sp1 phosphorylation, and basal Smad3 activity, independently of autocrine TGF-β (PMID:16601239, PMID:16021625). Three receptors transduce CCL18 signals: PITPNM3/Nir1, CCR8, and GPR30. Through PITPNM3 on cancer and endothelial cells, CCL18 triggers integrin clustering, calcium signaling, and a Pyk2–Src module driving adhesion, migration, invasion, EMT, and angiogenesis, with downstream effectors including AnxA2, RAC1/ELMO1, and NF-κB signaling that converts fibroblasts into CD10+GPR77+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (PMID:21481794, PMID:23999500, PMID:24142406, PMID:26416449, PMID:26449829, PMID:36418470, PMID:26756176, PMID:31894281). CCR8 mediates CCL18-driven Th2 chemotaxis as well as bladder cancer and glioma invasion, while GPR30 mediates attenuation of CXCR4 responses in pre-B ALL cells (PMID:23999500, PMID:30592282, PMID:35417708, PMID:20568229). Structurally, an N-terminal α-helix and lysine 8 (replacing the conserved proline of CCL3/CCL4) favor the monomeric state, allow formation of a unique open-ended oligomer, and confer resistance to insulin-degrading enzyme (PMID:25636406).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 23 steps
  1. 1999 Medium

    Established that CCL18 is a functional chemokine with cell-type-selective activity, answering whether the gene product had bona fide chemotactic function in vivo.

    Evidence In vitro calcium mobilization and in vivo intraperitoneal injection chemotaxis in mice

    PMID:10087196

    Open questions at the time
    • No receptor identified
    • Selectivity mechanism for T cells over myeloid cells unexplained
  2. 2000 Low

    Mapped the CCL18 gene structure and promoter, raising the model that competitive STAT6/STAT1 binding underlies antagonistic IL-4 versus IFN-γ regulation.

    Evidence Genomic cloning, sequencing, and reporter constructs with a 2.7-kb promoter

    PMID:10671296

    Open questions at the time
    • STAT6/STAT1 binding identified computationally, not experimentally confirmed
    • No functional transcription-factor occupancy data
  3. 2003 Medium

    Showed CCL18 expression is uniquely inverse to other chemokines during DC maturation and is cytokine-regulated, framing CCL18 as a marker of immature/tolerogenic states.

    Evidence DC maturation panels, ELISA, and immature DC chemotaxis assays

    PMID:12646652

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor on immature DCs not defined
    • Mechanism of maturation-dependent repression unknown
  4. 2006 High

    Defined the intracellular signaling for CCL18-driven fibrosis, establishing a TGF-β-independent PKCα/ERK2 and Sp1/Smad3 pathway driving fibroblast collagen production.

    Evidence Dominant-negative PKCα/Sp1/Smad3 mutants, PKC and calcium-chelation inhibitors, and collagen promoter reporters in human lung fibroblasts

    PMID:16021625 PMID:16601239

    Open questions at the time
    • Fibroblast CCL18 receptor not identified
    • Link between receptor engagement and PKCα activation undefined
  5. 2006 Medium

    Connected CCL18 to a fibrotic feedback circuit in vivo, showing collagen accumulation is T-lymphocyte-dependent and that collagen up-regulates macrophage CCL18.

    Evidence Adenoviral lung overexpression with antilymphocyte depletion, and IPF alveolar macrophage co-cultures with collagen/integrin probes

    PMID:16415274 PMID:16868995

    Open questions at the time
    • Indirect versus direct fibroblast effects only partially separated
    • Receptor mediating macrophage collagen response not defined
  6. 2007 Medium

    Revealed context-dependence of CCL18 in fibrosis, showing that in a pro-fibrotic bleomycin milieu CCL18-driven T-cell infiltration and MMP induction can paradoxically reduce collagen.

    Evidence Adenoviral CCL18 plus bleomycin with MMP inhibitor and T-cell depletion

    PMID:17569779

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of pro- versus anti-fibrotic outcome not resolved
    • Direct CCL18 receptor on infiltrating T cells unknown
  7. 2010 Medium

    Identified GPR30 as a CCL18 receptor mediating suppression of CXCR4 responses in pre-B ALL, expanding the receptor repertoire and showing a regulatory cross-receptor effect.

    Evidence Binding, calcium flux, chemotaxis, and anti-GPR30 antibody blocking in pre-B ALL cells

    PMID:20568229

    Open questions at the time
    • GPR30 signaling output downstream of CCL18 not detailed
    • Generality beyond pre-B ALL untested
  8. 2010 Medium

    Established CCL18 as an inducer of regulatory T-cell phenotypes, converting memory CD4+ T cells into suppressive Foxp3+ Tregs and linking loss of this function to reduced CCL18 binding in allergy.

    Evidence T-cell polarization, Foxp3/cytokine analysis, suppression assays, and binding comparisons in healthy versus allergic donors

    PMID:20702776

    Open questions at the time
    • T-cell CCL18 receptor not molecularly defined
    • Basis for reduced binding in allergic cells unknown
  9. 2011 High

    Identified PITPNM3 as the first defined CCL18 receptor on cancer cells, mechanistically connecting CCL18 to integrin clustering, calcium signaling, and breast cancer invasion/metastasis.

    Evidence Co-IP, calcium assays, PITPNM3 siRNA, invasion assays, and xenograft metastasis models

    PMID:21481794

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct receptor-ligand affinity and binding interface not structurally defined
    • Proximal kinase events not yet mapped
  10. 2011 Medium

    Defined the tolerogenic DC-differentiation program of CCL18, establishing a CCL18→IL-10→IDO axis generating type 1 regulatory T cells.

    Evidence Monocyte DC differentiation with IDO inhibition and IL-10 blocking, plus T-regulatory co-culture assays

    PMID:21803856

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor driving DC differentiation not identified
    • Defect in allergic-patient DCs mechanistically unresolved
  11. 2012 Medium

    Extended the immune-suppressive role of CCL18 to recruitment of functional Tregs in vivo and to M2-macrophage polarization, defining its tolerogenic and tissue-remodeling output.

    Evidence Treg chemotaxis with suppression assays and SCID human-skin grafts; monocyte M2 polarization with marker and functional readouts

    PMID:22117697 PMID:22649201

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating Treg/macrophage responses undefined
    • In vivo relevance of M2 program not tested
  12. 2013 High

    Identified CCR8 as a high-affinity CCL18 receptor and clarified CCL18's dual nature as both an agonist (via CCR8 on Th2 cells) and a broad chemokine-system regulator acting through GAG displacement.

    Evidence Receptor-transfected binding/calcium/chemotaxis with Ccr8-knockout validation; Schild analysis and heparin competition for regulatory activity

    PMID:23951310 PMID:23999500

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of GAG displacement in vivo unknown
    • Relative contribution of CCR8 versus PITPNM3 in tissues unresolved
  13. 2014 Medium

    Mapped the proximal kinase cascade downstream of PITPNM3, showing Pyk2 translocation and Src activation drive integrin α5β1 clustering and invasion.

    Evidence Co-IP, immunofluorescence, migration/invasion assays, and siRNA in breast cancer cells

    PMID:24142406

    Open questions at the time
    • How PITPNM3 recruits Pyk2 not defined
    • Generality across receptors not tested
  14. 2015 High

    Resolved the CCL18 structure, explaining its monomeric preference, unique oligomerization, and IDE resistance through N-terminal lysine 8.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, SAXS, mutagenesis, and biochemical degradation assays

    PMID:25636406

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of oligomer state in receptor signaling not established
    • Structure of CCL18-receptor complexes unknown
  15. 2015 Medium

    Broadened PITPNM3 signaling to angiogenesis and additional cancers, defining ERK, Akt/GSK-3β/Snail, and NF-κB branches driving endothelial-mesenchymal transformation and tumor cell EMT.

    Evidence PITPNM3 siRNA in HUVECs (tube formation) and HCC cells, with signaling Western blots and in vivo angiogenesis

    PMID:26416449 PMID:26449829

    Open questions at the time
    • Branch selection among ERK/Akt/NF-κB outputs unexplained
    • VEGF-independence mechanism not detailed
  16. 2016 Medium

    Defined further effector arms of CCL18-PITPNM3 signaling, identifying RAC1/ELMO1-driven cytoskeletal remodeling in NSCLC and Pyk2-dependent migration in ovarian cancer ascites.

    Evidence Receptor binding, RAC1 activation, cytoskeleton imaging, siRNA, and neutralizing antibody assays

    PMID:26756176 PMID:27613122

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor identity in ovarian ascites not confirmed
    • Coupling of receptor to RAC1/ELMO1 undefined
  17. 2018 Medium

    Demonstrated CCR8 as a functional CCL18 receptor in solid tumors and uncovered acetylation-controlled trafficking effectors, establishing that dynamic PCAF-mediated acetylation of ACAP4 regulates CCL18-elicited migration.

    Evidence CCR8 shRNA/inhibitor in bladder cancer; mass-spec acetylation mapping, PCAF Co-IP, and lipid-binding/migration assays for ACAP4

    PMID:30395269 PMID:30592282

    Open questions at the time
    • Link from receptor engagement to PCAF activity unknown
    • ARF6 cycling regulation in vivo untested
  18. 2018 Medium

    Defined a reciprocal TAM-cancer metabolic circuit in PDAC, with CCL18/PITPNM3/NF-κB inducing VCAM-1 and the Warburg effect that feeds back to sustain TAMs.

    Evidence VCAM-1 siRNA, cell-cycle and invasion assays, and xenograft models

    PMID:29670110

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct VCAM-1-to-glycolysis link mechanistically incomplete
    • In vivo NF-κB dependency not isolated
  19. 2019 Medium

    Identified AnxA2 as a PITPNM3-downstream effector linking CCL18 to F-actin polymerization and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/Snail-driven EMT.

    Evidence AnxA2 Western blots, F-actin/migration assays, PI3K inhibition, and SCID lung-metastasis xenografts

    PMID:31894281

    Open questions at the time
    • How PITPNM3 activates AnxA2 not defined
    • Integration with Pyk2/Src module unresolved
  20. 2020 Medium

    Generalized the acetylation-switch mechanism, showing PCAF-mediated ezrin acetylation reduces lipid binding and Thr567 phosphorylation to control CCL18-induced migration.

    Evidence Mass-spec site mapping, acetylation mutants, lipid-binding assays, AFM, and migration assays

    PMID:31638145

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream signal coupling CCL18 to PCAF unknown
    • Physiological relevance in vivo untested
  21. 2021 Medium

    Established a CCL18-ZEB1-M-CSF feedback loop in ovarian cancer linking M2-TAM-derived CCL18 to EMT and reciprocal TAM polarization.

    Evidence 3D co-culture, RNA-seq, ZEB1 manipulation, and intraperitoneal metastasis models

    PMID:34969774

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor driving ZEB1 induction not defined
    • Direct ZEB1 occupancy at M-CSF locus not shown
  22. 2022 Medium

    Expanded the receptor and effector landscape, defining CCR8/ACP5 signaling in glioma, exosomal miR-760/ARF6/AMAP1/Src/PI3K/Akt propagation, CCL18-driven CAF conversion via NF-κB, and CCL18-dependent ccRCC metastasis.

    Evidence Humanized glioma models; ARF6 siRNA and exosome assays; CAF marker/NF-κB analysis with anti-CCL18 antibody; Vhlh-knockout and ccRCC xenografts

    PMID:35399607 PMID:35417708 PMID:35666812 PMID:36418470

    Open questions at the time
    • Cross-talk among the multiple receptors in a single tumor unresolved
    • Causal hierarchy of effectors not established
  23. 2024 Medium

    Connected tumor metabolism to CCL18 transcription, showing lactate drives H3K18 lactylation at the CCL18 locus to sustain M2 macrophage CCL18 secretion.

    Evidence ChIP-qPCR for H3K18la, luciferase reporters, Gpr132 siRNA, anti-CCL18 antibody, co-culture, and xenografts

    PMID:39010846

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcription factors recruited by lactylation undefined
    • Generalizability beyond ovarian context untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how CCL18's three receptors (PITPNM3, CCR8, GPR30) are selected and integrated in a given cell type, and what receptor mediates its tolerogenic immune and fibroblast collagen responses.
  • No structural model of any CCL18-receptor complex
  • Receptor for tolerogenic DC/Treg and fibroblast responses unidentified
  • Relative in vivo contributions of agonist versus GAG-displacement regulatory activity unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 3
Partners
ACAP4ANXA2CCR8ELMO1GPR30PITPNM3PYK2SRC

Evidence

Reading pass · 36 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2011 CCL18 released by breast tumor-associated macrophages promotes cancer cell invasiveness by triggering integrin clustering and enhancing adherence to extracellular matrix. PITPNM3 was identified as a functional receptor for CCL18 that mediates these effects and activates intracellular calcium signaling. Suppressing PITPNM3 abrogated CCL18-induced invasion and metastasis of breast cancer xenografts. Co-immunoprecipitation, calcium signaling assays, siRNA knockdown of PITPNM3, in vitro invasion assays, xenograft mouse models Cancer cell High 21481794
2013 Human CCR8 is a functional receptor for CCL18. CCL18 induced chemotaxis and calcium flux in CCR8-transfected cells, bound CCR8 with high affinity, and induced CCR8 internalization. CCL18 and CCL1 (the known CCR8 ligand) competed for CCR8 binding and induced heterologous cross-desensitization. CCL18 induced chemotaxis and calcium flux of human Th2 cells through CCR8, and wild-type but not Ccr8-deficient mouse Th2 cells migrated in response to CCL18. Receptor-transfected cell chemotaxis and calcium flux assays, radioligand competition binding, receptor internalization assay, cross-desensitization assay, Ccr8-knockout mouse cells The Journal of experimental medicine High 23999500
2015 Crystal structure of human CCL18 was determined. CCL18 adopts an α-helical conformation at its N-terminus that weakens dimerization, explaining its preference for the monomeric state. CCL18 can reversibly form a unique open-ended oligomer distinct from CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 oligomers. Lysine at position 8 (replacing the conserved proline 8 of CCL3/CCL4) is the molecular determinant for these differences. Insulin-degrading enzyme degrades CCL3 and CCL4 but not CCL18, explained by structural differences. X-ray crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), mutational analysis, biochemical degradation assays Journal of molecular biology High 25636406
2006 CCL18 stimulates collagen production in primary human pulmonary fibroblasts through a PKCα-dependent pathway. CCL18 stimulation causes PKCα (but not PKCδ or PKCε) to undergo rapid phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. PKCα activates ERK2 phosphorylation, which drives collagen production. CCL18 also increases intracellular calcium, which is required for PKCα nuclear translocation and downstream collagen production. This signaling is independent of autocrine TGF-β. Dominant-negative PKC mutant transfection, pharmacologic PKC inhibitor (Gö6976), intracellular calcium chelation (BAPTA), collagen promoter reporter assay, ERK2 phosphorylation Western blot, TGF-β neutralizing antibodies American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 16601239
2006 CCL18-stimulated upregulation of collagen production in lung fibroblasts requires Sp1 signaling and basal Smad3 activity. CCL18 increased Sp1 phosphorylation, Sp1 DNA-binding, and Sp1-dependent reporter activity. Dominant-negative mutants of Sp1 and Smad3 abrogated CCL18-dependent collagen production. CCL18 did not increase TGF-β levels, and TGF-β neutralization did not block CCL18-induced collagen production, indicating TGF-β-independent signaling. Dominant-negative Sp1 and Smad3 transfection, Sp1 DNA-binding assay, reporter gene assay, TGF-β neutralizing antibodies, collagen mRNA and protein measurement Journal of cellular physiology High 16021625
2006 Overexpression of CCL18 in mouse lungs via adenoviral gene transfer triggered selective, prolonged perivascular and peribronchial T-lymphocyte infiltration and collagen accumulation. The collagen deposition was T-lymphocyte-dependent (not directly CCL18-dependent), as depletion with antilymphocyte serum abrogated it. CCL18 prestimulation of T lymphocytes in vitro upregulated TGF-β1 and enhanced collagen production in T lymphocyte/fibroblast co-cultures through a TGF-β1-dependent mechanism. Adenoviral gene transfer in vivo, antilymphocyte serum depletion, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, T lymphocyte/fibroblast co-culture Arthritis and rheumatism Medium 16868995
2007 In a bleomycin injury model, CCL18 overexpression had additive effects on T-cell infiltration but unexpectedly attenuated bleomycin-induced collagen accumulation. CCL18-stimulated T-lymphocytic infiltration drove MMP-2 and MMP-9 elevation. Pharmacological inhibition of MMPs (GM6001) or T-cell depletion abrogated collagen accumulation and changes in TNF-α, IFN-γ, and active TGF-β1, demonstrating that in a pro-fibrotic milieu, CCL18-driven T-cell infiltration and MMP induction can paradoxically reduce fibrosis. Adenoviral CCL18 overexpression combined with bleomycin instillation, antilymphocyte serum depletion, MMP inhibitor GM6001, collagen and cytokine measurement The American journal of pathology Medium 17569779
2006 Alveolar macrophages from IPF patients produce CCL18 that stimulates collagen production by normal lung fibroblasts, partly mediated via CCL18. Native collagen significantly up-regulated CCL18 expression in normal AMs activated with Th2 cytokines via a mechanism mediated by β2-integrin/scavenger receptor(s), creating a positive feedback loop. Bronchoalveolar lavage cell culture, co-culture experiments, cytokine stimulation, flow cytometry, in situ hybridization, ELISA American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Medium 16415274
2003 CCL18 is constitutively produced by immature dendritic cells and is selectively down-regulated during DC maturation induced by LPS, TNF, CD40L, and microbial stimuli — opposite to all other chemokines tested. IL-10 and vitamin D3 strongly promoted CCL18 secretion, while IFN-γ inhibited it. CCL18 was found to be a chemotactic factor for immature DCs. DC maturation assays with various stimuli, ELISA, chemotaxis assays with immature DCs Journal of immunology Medium 12646652
2001 CCL18/DC-CK1 produced by germinal center dendritic cells is a pertussis toxin-dependent chemoattractant for B lymphocytes with a preference for attracting CD38-negative mantle zone B cells. Chemotaxis assay with B lymphocyte subsets, pertussis toxin inhibition, immunohistochemistry, RNA analysis Journal of immunology Medium 11207283
1999 Recombinant or synthetic CCL18 (MIP-4) induced calcium mobilization in naive and activated T lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro and, upon intraperitoneal injection in mice, led to the selective accumulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes but not monocytes or granulocytes, demonstrating T-cell-selective chemotactic activity in vivo. Calcium mobilization assay, in vivo peritoneal injection chemotaxis model, flow cytometry Genomics Medium 10087196
2014 Upon CCL18 binding to PITPNM3 in breast cancer cells, Pyk2 translocates from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane to form a stable complex with PITPNM3, subsequently activating Src kinase. Pyk2 and Src are essential for integrin α5/β1 clustering-dependent adherence, migration, and invasion induced by CCL18. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization, Boyden chamber migration/invasion assay, Western blot, siRNA knockdown Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 24142406
2015 CCL18 promotes angiogenesis in breast cancer through PITPNM3 on endothelial cells. Silencing PITPNM3 on HUVECs abrogated CCL18-mediated pro-migration and tube formation independently of VEGFR signaling. CCL18 induced endothelial-mesenchymal transformation and activated ERK and Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signaling in HUVECs. PITPNM3 siRNA knockdown in HUVECs, tube formation assay, migration assay, Western blot for ERK/Akt/GSK-3β/Snail, in vivo angiogenesis model, double immunohistochemistry Oncotarget Medium 26416449
2015 CCL18 enhances HCC cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through PITPNM3 and activation of NF-κB signaling (phosphorylation of IKK and IκBα, p65 nuclear translocation). Silencing PITPNM3 by siRNA inhibited all these CCL18-induced effects. siRNA knockdown of PITPNM3, migration/invasion assays, Western blot for IKK/IκBα phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation, EMT marker analysis Tumour biology Medium 26449829
2022 CCL18 secreted by TAMs activates NF-κB signaling via PITPNM3 in normal breast fibroblasts, driving IL-6 and IL-8 production and conversion to CD10+GPR77+ cancer-associated fibroblasts. These CAFs enrich cancer stem cells and induce chemoresistance. Anti-CCL18 antibody blocked CAF formation and restored chemosensitivity in vivo. Co-culture assays, PITPNM3 siRNA knockdown, NF-κB signaling Western blot, flow cytometry for CAF markers, in vivo xenograft with intratumoral CCL18 injection, anti-CCL18 antibody treatment Oncogene Medium 36418470
2016 CCL18 in ovarian cancer ascites promotes cancer cell migration through activation of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2). CCL18 stimulated phosphorylation of Pyk2 in OC cell lines; siRNA-mediated downregulation of Pyk2 markedly inhibited CCL18-induced cell migration. CCL18 blocking antibodies attenuated ascites-induced cell migration. Boyden chamber migration assay, siRNA knockdown of Pyk2, Western blot for Pyk2 phosphorylation, CCL18 neutralizing antibody, exogenous gene expression of Pyk2 Molecular cancer Medium 27613122
2016 CCL18 promotes migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells by binding to PITPNM3/Nir1 receptor. CCL18 modulates cell migration and invasion by activating RAC1 in an ELMO1-dependent manner, causing cytoskeleton reorganization, and enhances adhesion via ELMO1-integrin β1 signaling. Receptor binding assay (Nir1/PITPNM3), siRNA knockdown, RAC1 activation assay, cytoskeleton imaging, integrin β1 functional assay Molecular carcinogenesis Medium 26756176
2010 CCL18 attenuates CXCR4-mediated responses (calcium mobilization, chemotaxis, pseudo-emperipolesis, proliferation) in pre-B ALL cells via interactions with GPR30. CCL18 bound to GPR30-expressing cells, and anti-GPR30 antibodies abolished this binding and CCL18-mediated functional effects. Direct effects on CXCR4 were excluded. Calcium mobilization assay, chemotaxis assay, anti-GPR30 antibody blocking, binding assay with GPR30-expressing cells, CXCR4 binding exclusion Journal of cellular physiology Medium 20568229
2013 CCL18 has regulatory activity inhibiting CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5-mediated chemotaxis. CCL18 is a competitive functional antagonist at CCR3 but only binds a subset of CCR3 receptor populations and does not bind the other CCR receptors it inhibits. Instead, CCL18 displaces glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-bound chemokines from heparin, preventing their presentation to receptors. Chemokines from all four chemokine sub-classes displace cell-bound CCL18, indicating a GAG displacement mechanism. Schild plot analysis for receptor antagonism, chemotaxis assays with multiple CCR receptors, heparin competition binding assays, cell-bound CCL18 displacement assays PloS one Medium 23951310
2012 CCL18 promotes chemotaxis of CD4+CD25+CD127low regulatory T cells in a dose-dependent manner. CCL18-recruited memory T cells produce IL-10 and TGF-β1, and inhibit effector T-cell proliferation through an IL-10-dependent mechanism. In vivo intradermal injection of CCL18 in SCID mice grafted with human skin recruited CD4+, CD25+, and IL-10+ cells. Chemotaxis assays with different Treg subsets, cytokine production analysis, T-cell proliferation suppression assay, in vivo SCID mouse model with human skin graft Journal of immunology Medium 22649201
2011 CCL18 differentiates monocytes into tolerogenic dendritic cells (semimature phenotype with increased CCR7 expression) that induce IL-10 production in allogenic naive T cells and generate type 1 T regulatory cells. This tolerogenic DC differentiation by CCL18 is dependent on induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase through an IL-10-mediated mechanism. The tolerogenic effect was absent when DCs originated from allergic patients. Monocyte DC differentiation assay with CCL18, flow cytometry for DC phenotype, co-culture with naive T cells, T-regulatory function assay, IDO inhibition, IL-10 blocking antibody Blood Medium 21803856
2010 CCL18 converts memory CD4+CD25- T cells from healthy subjects into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells capable of suppressing effector T-cell proliferation by both cytokine and cell contact-dependent mechanisms. This regulatory effect was lost with T cells from allergic patients, correlated with decreased CCL18 binding to these cells. T-cell polarization assay, Foxp3 and cytokine expression analysis, T-cell suppression assay, CCL18 binding assay (MFI), healthy versus allergic donor comparison FASEB journal Medium 20702776
2012 CCL18 causes monocytes to mature into M2-spectrum macrophages expressing CD14, CD206, and 15-lipoxygenase but not mature DC markers. CCL18-stimulated macrophages showed high capacity for unspecific phagocytosis and pinocytosis without oxidative burst, and produced CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL22, IL-10, and PDGF but not M1 cytokines IL-1β or IL-12. Monocyte culture with CCL18, morphological analysis, flow cytometry for macrophage markers, cytokine ELISA, phagocytosis and pinocytosis functional assays Immunology Medium 22117697
2008 Thrombin stimulates the Rho-dependent release of CCL18 from mature LPS-matured dendritic cells via PAR1 and PAR3 receptors. CCL18 release was dependent on ERK1/2 and Rho kinase activation, and was not triggered by TNF-α-matured DCs. CCL18 was colocalized with CD83+ DCs in human atherosclerotic plaques. DC maturation assays, thrombin and PAR-activating peptide stimulation, ERK and Rho kinase pharmacological inhibitors, ELISA for CCL18, immunofluorescence in atherosclerotic plaques Journal of immunology Medium 18606675
2018 CCL18 promotes migration, invasion, and EMT in bladder cancer cells by binding CCR8. Blocking CCR8 via small molecule inhibitor or shRNA reversed rCCL18-induced decreases in E-cadherin and increases in MMP-2 and VEGF-C, and reversed CCL18-induced invasion, migration, and EMT. CCR8 shRNA knockdown, CCR8 small molecule inhibitor, invasion/migration assays, Western blot for EMT markers (E-cadherin, MMP-2, VEGF-C) Molecular medicine reports Medium 30592282
2019 CCL18 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis through Annexin A2 (AnxA2), which acts as a downstream molecule of Nir1 (PITPNM3). AnxA2 promotes CCL18-induced F-actin polymerization through phosphorylation of integrin β1 and facilitates EMT via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/Snail signaling pathway. LY294002 inhibited phosphorylation of AnxA2, linking PI3K to AnxA2 function. Western blot for AnxA2 expression, invasion/migration assays, F-actin measurement, xenograft lung metastasis in SCID mice, immunofluorescence, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 Oncology reports Medium 31894281
2018 ACAP4 (ARF6 GTPase-activating protein) regulates CCL18-elicited breast cancer cell migration via PCAF acetyltransferase-mediated acetylation at Lys311. Dynamic ACAP4 acetylation is essential for CCL18-induced migration; persistent acetylation-mimicking or non-acetylatable ACAP4 mutants blocked CCL18-elicited migration. Mechanistically, acetylation of ACAP4 at Lys311 reduced lipid-binding activity, enabling dynamic ARF6-ACAP4 cycling with the plasma membrane. Mass spectrometry acetylation site mapping, PCAF co-immunoprecipitation, acetylation-mimicking/non-acetylatable ACAP4 mutants, lipid-binding assay, migration/invasion assays Journal of molecular cell biology Medium 30395269
2020 Ezrin is acetylated by PCAF acetyltransferase in breast cancer cells in response to CCL18 stimulation. The acetylation site was mapped by mass spectrometry. Dynamic ezrin acetylation is essential for CCL18-induced cell migration; both persistent acetylation-mimicking and non-acetylatable mutants blocked migration. Mechanistically, ezrin acetylation reduces lipid-binding activity, prevents phosphorylation at Thr567, and induces an unfolded dominant structure as shown by atomic force microscopy. Mass spectrometry acetylation site mapping, PCAF co-immunoprecipitation, acetylation mutants (gain/loss of function), lipid-binding assay, atomic force microscopy, migration/invasion assays Journal of molecular cell biology Medium 31638145
2015 CCL18 promotes metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer cells through the mTORC2 pathway. Overexpression of CCL18 enhanced migration and invasion; proteomics analysis identified mTORC2 pathway correlation with CCL18-mediated invasiveness. CCL18 overexpression, in vitro migration/invasion assays, in vivo xenograft, proteomics analysis Molecular carcinogenesis Low 26457987
2021 M2-TAMs induce EMT of ovarian cancer cells by releasing CCL18. CCL18 induces macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) transcription in OvCa cells through zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), forming a CCL18-ZEB1-M-CSF feedback loop. M-CSF secreted by OvCa cells drives M2-TAM polarization. Blocking ZEB1 impeded spheroid formation and transcoelomic metastasis in mouse models. 3D co-culture system, transwell co-culture, migration/invasion assays, Western blot for EMT markers, flow cytometry for TAM polarization, RNA-seq, in vivo intraperitoneal OvCa mouse model, ZEB1 knockdown/overexpression Journal for immunotherapy of cancer Medium 34969774
2022 CCL18 promotes glioma cell growth and invasion via CCR8 as its functional receptor on glioma cells. ACP5 (acid phosphatase 5) is identified as an important downstream signaling component mediating glioma growth in response to CCL18-CCR8 signaling. Validated in a humanized ex vivo brain slice model with iPSC-derived human microglia and in vivo GBM model. iPSC-derived human microglia transplantation into mouse brain slices (humanized model), CCR8 receptor identification, in vitro and ex vivo invasion/growth assays, in vivo GBM model Cell reports Medium 35417708
2018 Tumor-associated macrophages promote progression and the Warburg effect in PDAC via the CCL18/PITPNM3/NF-κB/VCAM-1 regulatory pathway. CCL18 from TAMs induces VCAM-1 expression in pancreatic cancer cells via NF-κB; VCAM-1-driven lactate production from cancer cells with enhanced aerobic glycolysis reciprocally activates macrophages to a TAM-like phenotype. VCAM-1 siRNA knockdown, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis, migration/invasion/colony formation assays, mouse xenograft model, ELISA for CCL18 Cell death & disease Medium 29670110
2024 Lactate regulates CCL18 expression in macrophages via H3K18 lactylation. Lactate-treated macrophages undergo M2 polarization and secrete CCL18; silencing of Gpr132 in macrophages or treatment with anti-CCL18 antibody reversed lactate-driven promotion of ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration. H3K18 lactylation at the CCL18 locus was confirmed by ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays. ChIP-qPCR for H3K18 lactylation, luciferase reporter assay, Gpr132 siRNA knockdown, anti-CCL18 antibody treatment, co-culture assay, xenograft model Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica Medium 39010846
2022 CCL18 promotes breast cancer metastasis through exosomal miR-760 activating the ARF6/AMAP1/Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CCL18 increased ARF6 expression and p-AMAP1, activating downstream Src/PI3K/Akt. ARF6 knockdown impaired CCL18-induced malignant behaviors. CCL18-stimulated high-metastatic cells released miR-760-rich exosomes targeting ARF6 in recipient cells, promoting EMT and chemoresistance. ARF6 siRNA knockdown, Western blot for ARF6/p-AMAP1/Src/PI3K/Akt, exosome isolation and uptake assay, miR-760 target validation, in vivo tumor growth and metastasis Molecular therapy oncolytics Medium 35399607
2000 The CCL18 (AMAC-1) gene consists of three exons. The promoter contains putative STAT6 and STAT1 binding sites, as well as AP-1 and C/EBP elements. A combined STAT6/STAT1 binding element near the first transcription start point suggests competitive binding of IL-4-induced STAT6 versus IFN-γ-induced STAT1 may explain antagonistic cytokine regulation of CCL18 expression. Genomic library screening, PCR amplification, sequencing, reporter gene construct with 2.7-kb promoter fragment Cytokine Low 10671296
2022 VHL-deficient kidney epithelial cells secrete IL-6 that induces macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization; these macrophages secrete CCL18 (and TGF-β1) to stimulate EMT of kidney tubule cells. In a human ccRCC xenograft model, exogenous macrophages promoted tumor growth and metastasis in a CCL18-dependent manner. Proteomic and genomic analyses of tumor microenvironment, Vhlh conditional knockout mouse model, IL-6-neutralizing antibody treatment, human ccRCC xenograft with human macrophages, CCL18 functional dependency assays Cancer research Medium 35666812

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 CCL18 from tumor-associated macrophages promotes breast cancer metastasis via PITPNM3. Cancer cell 535 21481794
2006 A vicious circle of alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts perpetuates pulmonary fibrosis via CCL18. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 407 16415274
2003 Marked elevation of the chemokine CCL18/PARC in Gaucher disease: a novel surrogate marker for assessing therapeutic intervention. Blood 252 12969956
2005 Involvement of CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) in normal and pathological processes. Journal of leukocyte biology 219 15784687
2018 Tumor-associated macrophages promote progression and the Warburg effect via CCL18/NF-kB/VCAM-1 pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell death & disease 189 29670110
2007 CCL18 as an indicator of pulmonary fibrotic activity in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and systemic sclerosis. Arthritis and rheumatism 183 17469163
2002 Identification of biologically active chemokine isoforms from ascitic fluid and elevated levels of CCL18/pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine in ovarian carcinoma. The Journal of biological chemistry 169 11978786
2015 CCL18 from tumor-associated macrophages promotes angiogenesis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 163 26416449
2013 Identification of human CCR8 as a CCL18 receptor. The Journal of experimental medicine 158 23999500
2012 The chemokine CCL18 causes maturation of cultured monocytes to macrophages in the M2 spectrum. Immunology 117 22117697
2003 Unique regulation of CCL18 production by maturing dendritic cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 117 12646652
2005 CCL18 is expressed in atopic dermatitis and mediates skin homing of human memory T cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 114 15661937
2007 CC chemokine ligand-5 (CCL5/RANTES) and CC chemokine ligand-18 (CCL18/PARC) are specific markers of refractory unstable angina pectoris and are transiently raised during severe ischemic symptoms. Circulation 112 17909104
2014 Angiotensin receptor type 1 and endothelin receptor type A on immune cells mediate migration and the expression of IL-8 and CCL18 when stimulated by autoantibodies from systemic sclerosis patients. Arthritis research & therapy 106 24612997
2016 Comparative Study of Circulating MMP-7, CCL18, KL-6, SP-A, and SP-D as Disease Markers of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Disease markers 104 27293304
2017 Decellularized human colorectal cancer matrices polarize macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype promoting cancer cell invasion via CCL18. Biomaterials 103 28209528
2005 Serum pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL18 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis: a sensitive indicator of active pulmonary fibrosis. Arthritis and rheumatism 93 16142750
2020 CCL18 in the Progression of Cancer. International journal of molecular sciences 87 33114763
2018 Glycosylated extracellular vesicles released by glioblastoma cells are decorated by CCL18 allowing for cellular uptake via chemokine receptor CCR8. Journal of extracellular vesicles 80 29696074
2013 CCL18 in serum, BAL fluid and alveolar macrophage culture supernatant in interstitial lung diseases. Respiratory medicine 80 23831213
2014 CCL18 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. International journal of oncology 76 25502147
2004 Increased expression of CCL18, CCL19, and CCL17 by dendritic cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and regulation by Fc gamma receptors. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 76 15331393
2001 CCL18/DC-CK-1/PARC up-regulation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Journal of leukocyte biology 75 11590198
2019 Progression of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: The Importance of Pneumoproteins Krebs von den Lungen 6 and CCL18. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 71 31233287
2005 Plasma chitotriosidase and CCL18: early biochemical surrogate markers in type B Niemann-Pick disease. Journal of inherited metabolic disease 71 15702402
2012 CCL18 in a multiplex urine-based assay for the detection of bladder cancer. PloS one 70 22629457
2016 High Level of Chemokine CCL18 Is Associated With Pulmonary Function Deterioration, Lung Fibrosis Progression, and Reduced Survival in Systemic Sclerosis. Chest 68 26997242
2007 Complex regulation of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by CCL18. The American journal of pathology 65 17569779
2003 PARC/CCL18 is a plasma CC chemokine with increased levels in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The American journal of pathology 65 14578205
2022 CCL18 signaling from tumor-associated macrophages activates fibroblasts to adopt a chemoresistance-inducing phenotype. Oncogene 64 36418470
2001 The dendritic cell-specific CC-chemokine DC-CK1 is expressed by germinal center dendritic cells and attracts CD38-negative mantle zone B lymphocytes. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 59 11207283
2015 CCL18/PITPNM3 enhances migration, invasion, and EMT through the NF-κB signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 58 26449829
2012 Pulmonary CCL18 recruits human regulatory T cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 58 22649201
2021 Tumor-associated macrophages induced spheroid formation by CCL18-ZEB1-M-CSF feedback loop to promote transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 57 34969774
2016 CCL18 from ascites promotes ovarian cancer cell migration through proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 signaling. Molecular cancer 57 27613122
2015 CCL18 from tumor-cells promotes epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis via mTOR signaling pathway. Molecular carcinogenesis 57 26457987
2009 Plasma chitotriosidase and CCL18 as surrogate markers for granulomatous macrophages in sarcoidosis. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 57 19808030
2006 Genetic variation in the CCL18-CCL3-CCL4 chemokine gene cluster influences HIV Type 1 transmission and AIDS disease progression. American journal of human genetics 57 16773571
2011 CCL18 differentiates dendritic cells in tolerogenic cells able to prime regulatory T cells in healthy subjects. Blood 55 21803856
2006 CCL18-stimulated upregulation of collagen production in lung fibroblasts requires Sp1 signaling and basal Smad3 activity. Journal of cellular physiology 55 16021625
2019 CCL18-induced HOTAIR upregulation promotes malignant progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the miR-130a-5p-ZEB1 axis. Cancer letters 53 31207321
2001 Selective induction of CCL18/PARC by staphylococcal enterotoxins in mononuclear cells and enhanced levels in septic and rheumatoid arthritis. European journal of immunology 53 11745396
2007 Expression and regulation of CCL18 in synovial fluid neutrophils of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis research & therapy 51 17875202
2021 The immunosuppressive and pro-tumor functions of CCL18 at the tumor microenvironment. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 50 33863622
2018 CCL18 secreted from M2 macrophages promotes migration and invasion via the PI3K/Akt pathway in gallbladder cancer. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 50 30276551
2018 Tumor-associated macrophages derived CCL18 promotes metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer cell international 48 30181713
2018 CCL18 enhances migration, invasion and EMT by binding CCR8 in bladder cancer cells. Molecular medicine reports 46 30592282
2016 CC chemokine ligand 18(CCL18) promotes migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by binding to Nir1 through Nir1-ELMO1/DOC180 signaling pathway. Molecular carcinogenesis 45 26756176
2009 Clinical utility of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) and CC chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) as markers for diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 45 19937162
2010 Attenuation of CXCR4 responses by CCL18 in acute lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Journal of cellular physiology 44 20568229
2023 Distinct tissue niches direct lung immunopathology via CCL18 and CCL21 in severe COVID-19. Nature communications 43 36774347
2020 CCL18-induced LINC00319 promotes proliferation and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma via the miR-199a-5p/FZD4 axis. Cell death & disease 43 32948745
2019 CCL18 promotes the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer through Annexin A2. Oncology reports 43 31894281
2015 CCL18-mediated down-regulation of miR98 and miR27b promotes breast cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 43 26244871
2014 Pyk2 and Src mediate signaling to CCL18-induced breast cancer metastasis. Journal of cellular biochemistry 43 24142406
2011 Up-regulation of the chemokine CCL18 by macrophages is a potential immunomodulatory pathway in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The American journal of pathology 43 21741937
1999 Genomic organization and biological characterization of the novel human CC chemokine DC-CK-1/PARC/MIP-4/SCYA18. Genomics 43 10087196
2006 Induction of prolonged infiltration of T lymphocytes and transient T lymphocyte-dependent collagen deposition in mouse lungs following adenoviral gene transfer of CCL18. Arthritis and rheumatism 42 16868995
2018 Macrophage-derived CCL18 promotes osteosarcoma proliferation and migration by upregulating the expression of UCA1. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 41 30426155
2013 Segmental allergen challenge enhances chitinase activity and levels of CCL18 in mild atopic asthma. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 41 23331560
2024 Lactate activates CCL18 expression via H3K18 lactylation in macrophages to promote tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 40 39010846
2018 CCL18 - Beyond chemotaxis. Cytokine 39 29402725
2010 The chemokine CCL18 generates adaptive regulatory T cells from memory CD4+ T cells of healthy but not allergic subjects. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 39 20702776
2006 PKCalpha mediates CCL18-stimulated collagen production in pulmonary fibroblasts. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 37 16601239
2006 Novel insights in the regulation of CCL18 secretion by monocytes and dendritic cells via cytokines, toll-like receptors and rheumatoid synovial fluid. BMC immunology 35 16984635
2018 Expression of M2 macrophage markers YKL-39 and CCL18 in breast cancer is associated with the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 32 29728799
2016 YKL-40, CCL18 and SP-D predict mortality in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 32 27782361
2013 Role of CCL18 in asthma and lung immunity. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 32 23786278
2012 Expression of CCL1 and CCL18 in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Clinical and experimental dermatology 32 22680616
2009 Enhanced interleukin-10 production by dendritic cells upon stimulation with Toll-like receptor 4 agonists in systemic sclerosis that is possibly implicated in CCL18 secretion. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 32 19255934
2022 CCL18 promotes breast cancer progression by exosomal miR-760 activation of ARF6/Src/PI3K/Akt pathway. Molecular therapy oncolytics 31 35399607
2022 Microglia/macrophage-derived human CCL18 promotes glioma progression via CCR8-ACP5 axis analyzed in humanized slice model. Cell reports 31 35417708
2020 CCL18-NIR1 promotes oral cancer cell growth and metastasis by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. BMC cancer 31 32641093
2018 Surgical trauma-induced CCL18 promotes recruitment of regulatory T cells and colon cancer progression. Journal of cellular physiology 31 30216450
2018 The long non-coding RNA CRNDE competed endogenously with miR-205 to promote proliferation and metastasis of melanoma cells by targeting CCL18. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 31 30257602
2008 CCL18 is expressed in patients with bullous pemphigoid and parallels disease course. The British journal of dermatology 31 19120345
2019 CCL18 promotes the metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck through MTDH-NF-κB signalling pathway. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 30 30768878
2020 MiR-484 suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and induced apoptosis of gastric cancer via targeting CCL-18. International journal of experimental pathology 29 32985776
2006 CCL18: a urinary marker of Gaucher cell burden in Gaucher patients. Journal of inherited metabolic disease 29 16736095
2021 Histamine Increases Th2 Cytokine-Induced CCL18 Expression in Human M2 Macrophages. International journal of molecular sciences 28 34769080
2013 Predictive value of preoperative serum CCL2, CCL18, and VEGF for the patients with gastric cancer. BMC clinical pathology 28 23697837
2013 Investigation of CCL18 and A1AT as potential urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer detection. BMC urology 28 24011266
2020 Genetic Variation in CCL18 Gene Influences CCL18 Expression and Correlates with Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Part A. Journal of clinical medicine 27 32575869
2008 Mature dendritic cells express functional thrombin receptors triggering chemotaxis and CCL18/pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine induction. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 27 18606675
2007 Circulating levels of the chemokine CCL18 but not CXCL16 are elevated and correlate with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 27 17350968
2021 Serial Measurements of Circulating KL-6, SP-D, MMP-7, CA19-9, CA-125, CCL18, and Periostin in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Receiving Antifibrotic Therapy: An Exploratory Study. Journal of clinical medicine 26 34501312
2000 Pseudoexons and regulatory elements in the genomic sequence of the beta-chemokine, alternative macrophage activation-associated CC-chemokine (AMAC)-1. Cytokine 26 10671296
2010 Chemokine CCL18 predicts intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants. Annals of medicine 25 20608885
2018 Acetylation of ACAP4 regulates CCL18-elicited breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Journal of molecular cell biology 24 30395269
2008 Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces CCL18 expression in human macrophages. Scandinavian journal of immunology 24 18959625
2016 Upregulation of microRNA-181b inhibits CCL18-induced breast cancer cell metastasis and invasion via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncology letters 23 28105154
2011 Expression of CCL18 and interleukin-6 in the plasma of breast cancer patients as compared with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie 23 22203932
2006 CCL18/PARC stimulates hematopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures indirectly through its effect on monocytes. Blood 23 16888095
2020 Acetylation of ezrin regulates membrane-cytoskeleton interaction underlying CCL18-elicited cell migration. Journal of molecular cell biology 22 31638145
2019 The identification of CCL18 as biomarker of disease activity in localized scleroderma. Journal of autoimmunity 22 31006523
2017 Assessment of plasma chitotriosidase activity, CCL18/PARC concentration and NP-C suspicion index in the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C: a prospective observational study. Journal of translational medicine 22 28222799
2015 Structures of human CCL18, CCL3, and CCL4 reveal molecular determinants for quaternary structures and sensitivity to insulin-degrading enzyme. Journal of molecular biology 22 25636406
2013 CCL18 exhibits a regulatory role through inhibition of receptor and glycosaminoglycan binding. PloS one 22 23951310
2022 IL6 and CCL18 Mediate Cross-talk between VHL-Deficient Kidney Cells and Macrophages during Development of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer research 21 35666812
2019 Discovery of CCL18 antagonist blocking breast cancer metastasis. Clinical & experimental metastasis 21 31062206

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