| 1997 |
CCR8 was identified as the specific receptor for the human CC chemokine I-309 (CCL1). Transfection of the CY6/TER1/CKR-L1 open reading frame into mouse pre-B cells conferred calcium flux and chemotaxis in response to I-309 (EC50 ~2 nM), while 20 other chemokines were inactive. Signaling was sensitive to pertussis toxin, indicating coupling to a Gi-type G protein. |
Receptor transfection into pre-B cells, calcium flux assay, chemotaxis assay, pertussis toxin inhibition, 125I-I-309 binding (Kd ~1.2 nM) |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
9211859
|
| 1997 |
CCR8 is constitutively expressed in monocytes and thymus, functions as a monocyte chemoattractant receptor for I-309, and inhibits apoptosis in thymic cell lines. Signaling is pertussis toxin-sensitive, confirming Gi coupling. |
Transfection, calcium flux, chemotaxis, pertussis toxin inhibition, northern blot for tissue expression |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
9207005
|
| 1998 |
CCR8 is preferentially expressed on polarized Th2 cells (both human and mouse) and not Th1 cells. The CCR8 ligands I-309 and TCA-3 act as potent chemoattractants specifically for Th2-polarized cells. |
Northern blot, RT-PCR, chemotaxis assay with polarized T cell subsets, mouse CCR8 cloning |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) |
High |
9670926
|
| 1998 |
CCR8 expression on Th2 cells is transiently upregulated following TCR and CD28 engagement, and this upregulation is IL-4-independent. Upregulation enhances functional chemotactic responses to I-309 and TARC. |
Flow cytometry, chemotaxis assay, cytokine neutralization |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) |
Medium |
9820476
|
| 1998 |
TARC (CCL17) and MIP-1β (CCL4) were identified as additional functional CCR8 ligands, inducing chemotaxis in CCR8-transfected Jurkat cells. |
Stable transfection of CCR8 into Jurkat cells, chemotaxis assay |
European journal of immunology |
Medium |
9521068
|
| 1998 |
CCR8 serves as a co-receptor for HIV-1 infection; diverse T-cell tropic, dual-tropic, and macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains can use CCR8, and I-309 (CCL1) potently inhibits HIV-1 envelope-mediated cell-cell fusion and virus infection through CCR8. |
Cell-cell fusion assay, virus infection assay, calcium flux, flow cytometry, pertussis toxin inhibition |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
9417093
|
| 1998 |
TER1/CCR8 is expressed in brain-derived CD4+ cells and T cells and functions as a co-receptor for brain-cell-tropic HIV-1 variants that are resistant to M-tropic and T-tropic strains. |
Degenerate PCR, expression of TER1 in CD4+ resistant cells, infection assay |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
9480837
|
| 1999 |
HHV-8-encoded vMIP-I selectively binds to and signals through CCR8 as an agonist (inducing Ca2+ flux in T cells), while vMIP-II and vMCC-I act as CCR8 antagonists. A comprehensive ligand binding fingerprint for CCR8 identified four high-affinity ligands (vMIP-I, vMIP-II, vMCC-I, and human I-309). |
Competitive radioligand binding with 65 chemokines, calcium mobilization assay in human T cells |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
10419462
|
| 1999 |
vMIP-I (KSHV-encoded) is a specific agonist for CCR8: it binds with high affinity, induces calcium flux, and drives chemotaxis in CCR8-transfected Y3 cells. vMIP-I does not interact with CCR5 or 11 other receptors tested. |
Calcium flux assay, chemotaxis assay, competition binding in CCR8-transfected cells |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
10377196
|
| 2000 |
The molluscum contagiosum poxvirus-encoded MC148 is a highly selective CCR8 antagonist that binds with high affinity only to CCR8 among 16 chemokine receptors and blocks I-309/CCR8-induced calcium mobilization and chemotaxis without affecting other chemokine receptors. |
Competitive binding with radiolabeled chemokines, calcium mobilization assay, chemotaxis assay across 16 receptors |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
10620615
|
| 2000 |
CCR8 is expressed on human thymocytes (both immature and mature) and functions as an HIV-1 co-receptor: I-309 inhibits fusion of thymocytes with HIV-1 X4 or X4R5 envelope-expressing cells and partially inhibits productive HIV-1 infection. |
125I-I-309 binding on primary thymocytes, cell-cell fusion assay, productive infection assay |
Journal of virology |
High |
10888633
|
| 2001 |
CCR8 is expressed on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mediates endothelial cell chemotaxis in response to I-309 and vMIP-I. Pertussis toxin and anti-CCR8 antibody blocked this chemotaxis, confirming G protein-coupled, CCR8-dependent signaling in endothelial cells. |
Chemotaxis assay, antibody neutralization, pertussis toxin inhibition, RNA blot, immunohistochemistry |
Blood |
Medium |
11133740
|
| 2001 |
CCR8 and CCR4 are specifically expressed on human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which vigorously respond to CCR8 ligands CCL1 and CCL22. CCR4 ligands (CCL17, CCL22) secreted by mature dendritic cells preferentially attract Treg cells, and the migrated CCR8/CCR4-expressing population shows reduced alloproliferative response. |
Flow cytometry, chemotaxis assay with sorted CD4+CD25+ vs CD4+CD25- T cells, functional alloproliferation assay |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
11560999
|
| 2003 |
CCR8 mediates human vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) chemotaxis in response to CCL1 and vCCL1, and this is blocked by anti-CCR8 antibody and pertussis toxin. CCR8 activation by CCL1 also induces pro-MMP-2 mRNA and protein secretion, which contributes to VSMC migration, as shown by MMP-2 antibody inhibition. |
Chemotaxis assay, antibody/pertussis toxin inhibition, RT-PCR, MMP-2 ELISA/western blot, poxvirus MC148 blockade |
Blood |
Medium |
14576057
|
| 2003 |
CCR8-dependent activation of the RAS/MAPK (ERK1/2) pathway mediates anti-apoptotic activity of CCL1 and vMIP-I in thymic lymphoma cells. This was demonstrated using pertussis toxin, the MEK inhibitor PD98059, a dominant negative M-RAS, and the CCR8 antagonist MC148. |
Apoptosis assay, pertussis toxin inhibition, ERK phosphorylation assay, MEK inhibitor (PD98059), dominant negative M-RAS, MC148 antagonist, CCR8-transfected CHO cells |
European journal of immunology |
High |
12645948
|
| 2003 |
CCR8 mediates rescue of thymic lymphoma cells and murine thymocytes from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis via an ERK-dependent pathway. The CCR8 antagonist MC148 specifically blocks the anti-apoptotic activity of vMIP-I and CCL1. |
Apoptosis assay, ERK pathway analysis, MC148 antagonist blockade, CCR8-specific agonist vMIP-1 |
Journal of leukocyte biology |
Medium |
12525579
|
| 2004 |
Post-translational modifications of murine CCR8 regulate its activity: tyrosine sulfation at positions Y14/Y15 is critical for CCL1 binding and calcium signaling (Y14F/Y15F double mutant essentially inactive), while N-linked glycosylation at N8 and O-linked modifications at T10/T12 have minor effects on ligand binding. |
Site-directed mutagenesis (Tyr→Phe, Asn→Gln, Thr/Ser→Ala), flow cytometry with CCL1-Fc fusion, calcium flux assay |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
14736884
|
| 2005 |
CCR8 is expressed on Langerhans-type dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, and dermal endothelial cells. CCL1 recruits both T cells and Langerhans cell-like DCs, and synergizes with CXCL12 (SDF-1α) in promoting this recruitment. CCR8 is recruited from intracytoplasmic stores to the cell surface upon T cell activation. |
Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, in vitro chemotaxis assay, in vitro DC differentiation, CCL1/CXCL12 synergy experiments |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) |
Medium |
15814739
|
| 2005 |
CCR8 expression defines IL-10-producing CD4+CD25+ T cells in Th2-type granulomatous inflammation. CCR8-deficient mice showed significantly impaired IL-10 production and reduced granuloma eosinophils in a Schistosoma egg-antigen model; adoptive transfer of CCR8+/+ CD4+ T cells corrected these defects. |
CCR8-/- mice, adoptive transfer, cytokine mRNA quantification, BAL cell analysis |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) |
Medium |
15699124
|
| 2006 |
CCR8 undergoes beta-arrestin 1/2-dependent internalization upon ligand binding (CCL1 and vMIP-I), independently of Gαi signaling. NH2-terminal extension of CCL1 by a serine residue (Ser-CCL1) generates a partial agonist, indicating the NH2 terminus plays a role in binding to an intrahelical site. Glu-286 in TM helix 7 is critical for receptor surface trafficking, and CCL7 selectively antagonizes viral (but not host) chemokine activity at CCR8. |
Calcium flux, chemotaxis, receptor internalization assay, beta-arrestin expression, site-directed mutagenesis, CCL7 antagonism experiments |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
17023422
|
| 2007 |
A non-peptide CCR8 agonist (LMD-009) interacts with CCR8 through a binding pocket involving GluVII:06 (Glu286) as a critical anchor point, shared with non-peptide antagonists targeting CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5. Ala substitution of Glu286 reduced agonist potency ~1000-fold; Ala substitution of PheVI:16 (Phe254) produced a 19-fold gain-of-function. 29 mutations across 25 residues mapped the binding pocket. |
Site-directed mutagenesis (29 mutations), calcium flux, chemotaxis, inositol phosphate accumulation, 125I-CCL1 competitive binding |
Molecular pharmacology |
High |
17652183
|
| 2007 |
CCR8 is expressed on peritoneal macrophages (PMφ) and up-regulated by inflammatory stimuli. CCL1 produced by both PMφ and peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) promotes CCR8 expression (autocrine loop), drives cell aggregation, and upregulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. CCR8-deficient mice and anti-CCL1-treated mice exhibit significantly reduced postoperative peritoneal adhesions. |
CCR8-/- mice, anti-CCL1 neutralizing antibody, in vitro cell aggregation assay, RT-PCR, flow cytometry |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) |
Medium |
17404314
|
| 2007 |
Mast cell-derived CCL1 signals through CCR8 on CD4+ T lymphocytes to orchestrate mucosal lung inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucus hypersecretion. CCR8 deficiency or CCL1 neutralization reduced these responses to the same degree as mast cell deficiency; adenoviral CCL1 delivery to lungs of mast cell-deficient mice restored the inflammatory phenotype. |
CCR8-/- mice, mast cell-deficient mice, CCL1 neutralization, adenoviral CCL1 delivery, airway hyperresponsiveness measurements, BAL cytokine analysis |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) |
High |
17641040
|
| 2007 |
CCR8 expression in CD4+CD25+ Tregs recruited to the pancreas during adoptive transfer of diabetogenic T cell clones; the only chemokine detectable ex vivo was CCL1, suggesting CCL1/CCR8 interaction mediates macrophage recruitment and activation (IL-1β, TNF-α, NO production) in type 1 diabetes. |
Adoptive transfer model, flow cytometry, ex vivo chemokine protein detection, macrophage functional assays |
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) |
Low |
17947648
|
| 2008 |
Using adoptive transfer of CCR4-deficient or CCR8-deficient antigen-specific Th2 cells, CCR4 (not CCR8) was found to be required for efficient entry of antigen-specific Th2 cells into the lung and airways in allergic pulmonary inflammation. CCR8-deficient Th2 cells showed normal or increased accumulation in the lung. |
Adoptive transfer of CCR4-/- or CCR8-/- antigen-specific Th2 cells, flow cytometry, cytokine measurement, eosinophil/mucus quantification |
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology |
High |
19062085
|
| 2011 |
Mouse CCL8 is a selective CCR8 agonist (not a CCR2 agonist, unlike all other MCP chemokines). CCL8 responsiveness defined a population of CCR8-expressing inflammatory Th2 cells enriched for IL-5. CCR8- and CCL8-deficient mice showed markedly reduced eosinophilic inflammation in chronic atopic dermatitis. Adoptive transfer established CCR8 as a key regulator of Th2 cell recruitment into allergen-inflamed skin. |
Ccr8-/- and Ccl8-/- mice, adoptive transfer, receptor binding assays, calcium flux, atopic dermatitis mouse model, eosinophil quantification |
Nature immunology |
High |
21217759
|
| 2012 |
C-terminal clipping of CCL1 by carboxypeptidase M (CPM) augments CCR8-mediated intracellular calcium release and anti-apoptotic activity in BW5147 cells, while reducing CCL1 binding affinity to CCR8, revealing a proteolytic regulatory mechanism for the CCL1-CCR8 axis. |
In vitro CPM enzymatic cleavage, mass spectrometry, calcium mobilization assay, binding assay, apoptosis assay with CPM inhibitor control |
PloS one |
Medium |
22479563
|
| 2013 |
CCR8 is a functional receptor for CCL18: CCL18 induces chemotaxis and calcium flux in CCR8-transfected cells, binds CCR8 with high affinity, induces CCR8 internalization, and competes with CCL1 for CCR8 binding. CCL1 and CCL18 cross-desensitize CCR8 on transfected cells and human Th2 cells. CCR8-deficient mouse Th2 cells fail to migrate to CCL18. |
CCR8 transfection, chemotaxis assay, calcium flux, competitive binding, receptor internalization, cross-desensitization, Ccr8-/- mouse Th2 cell migration |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
High |
23999500
|
| 2014 |
CCR8 is required for LPS-triggered cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) specifically in peritoneal macrophages but not bone marrow-derived macrophages. CCR8-dependent cytokine production involves cross-talk with TLR-4 signaling via JNK and NF-κB pathways. A CCR8 antagonist (R243) phenocopied CCR8 deficiency and attenuated peritoneal adhesions in vivo. |
CCR8-/- mice, TLR ligand stimulation, cytokine ELISA, JNK/NF-κB inhibitors, R243 CCR8 antagonist, in vivo adhesion model |
PloS one |
Medium |
24714157
|
| 2017 |
CCL1 signaling through CCR8 on Tregs induces STAT3-dependent upregulation of FOXp3, CD39, IL-10, and granzyme B, enhancing Treg suppressive activity. CCL1 produced by Tregs at autoimmune sites creates a self-feeding autocrine loop that upregulates CCR8 on Tregs. CCR8-/- mice in adoptive transfer experiments confirmed the essential role of CCR8 in Treg-mediated suppression of EAE. |
Human PBMC activation assays, STAT3 inhibition, CCL1-Ig administration, CCR8-/- mouse adoptive transfer, EAE model, flow cytometry for CD39/granzyme B/IL-10 |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
28533380
|
| 2018 |
CCR8 on CD301b+ dendritic cells (DCs) mediates their migration from the subcapsular sinus into the lymph node parenchyma following allergen exposure, synergizing with CCR7/CCL21 in a Src-kinase-dependent manner. CCL8 produced by CD169+SIGN-R1+ macrophages in interfollicular regions provides the CCR8 signal. In CCR8-deficient mice, CD301b+ DCs are trapped in the subcapsular sinus and cannot enter the parenchyma, resulting in defective Th2 differentiation. |
CCR8-/- mice, DC migration tracking by flow cytometry and imaging, CCL8 source identification, Src kinase inhibition, CCR7 expression analysis, Th2 differentiation assays |
Immunity |
High |
30170811
|
| 2019 |
Activated ILC2s produce CCL1 and are a major CCL1 source in vivo; CCL1 signaling via CCR8 on ILC2s regulates their proliferation and capacity to protect against helminthic infections, establishing a CCR8-dependent autocrine/paracrine feed-forward loop for ILC2 self-renewal. |
In vitro CCR8 chemotaxis assay, in vivo CCR8-/- mouse models, CCL1 measurement by ELISA, helminth infection model, proliferation assays |
The Journal of experimental medicine |
Medium |
31537642
|
| 2019 |
CCR8 expression on Tregs was upregulated by TCR-mediated signaling in an NF-κB-dependent fashion. CCR8 was not essential for the recruitment, activation, or suppressive capacity of tumor-infiltrating Tregs per se, but ADCC-prone anti-CCR8 nanobody-Fc fusion proteins depleted ti-Tregs in an NK cell-dependent manner and elicited antitumor immunity synergizing with anti-PD-1. |
scRNA-seq, flow cytometry, NF-κB inhibition, nanobody generation, ADCC assay, NK cell depletion in vivo, LLC-OVA and MC38 tumor models |
Journal for immunotherapy of cancer |
High |
33589525
|
| 2019 |
Disruption of the CCL1-CCR8 axis (via CCL1 and Apoe double deficiency or anti-CCR8 blocking antibodies) promotes atherosclerosis by reducing Treg recruitment to the aorta, decreasing IL-10 levels, and shifting toward a Th1 response, establishing a protective role for CCL1-CCR8 in vascular inflammation. |
Ccl1/Apoe double-KO mice, flow chamber adhesion assay, intravital microscopy, anti-CCR8 blocking antibody, Treg quantification in aorta/spleen, cytokine measurement |
Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology |
Medium |
31121182
|
| 2021 |
CCR8 expression on tumor-infiltrating Tregs is upregulated by TCR stimulation but is not essential for their recruitment, activation, or suppressive function. Depletion of CCR8+ tumor Tregs via ADCC-capable anti-CCR8 antibody elicits antitumor immunity, reduces tumor growth, and synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy without affecting peripheral Tregs. |
Fc-optimized anti-CCR8 antibody, CCR8-/- mouse tumors (MC38, B16), flow cytometry, ex vivo depletion in primary human tumor samples |
Cancer research |
High |
33757978
|
| 2021 |
In bladder cancer, CCR8 expression in intratumoral Tregs maintains stability and potentiates suppressive function by upregulating transcription factors FOXO1 and c-MAF. CCR8 blockade destabilizes intratumoral Tregs into a fragile phenotype and reactivates antitumor immunity, augmenting anti-PD-1 benefits. |
Flow cytometry, ex vivo CCR8 blockade experiments, transcription factor analysis (FOXO1, c-MAF), TCGA bioinformatics, retrospective clinical cohort, anti-PD-1 combination |
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII |
Medium |
32367308
|
| 2022 |
CCR8+ tumor Tregs are predominantly clonally expanded cells activated by tumor-associated antigens. Anti-CCR8 mAb treatment selectively eliminated these multiclonal tumor Tregs (sparing peripheral Tregs), expanded tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and generated memory-type antitumor immunity without autoimmunity in mice. |
scRNA-seq, TCR clonotype analysis, CCR8-/- mice, anti-CCR8 mAb (depleting vs. non-depleting), flow cytometry, tumor rechallenge memory assays |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
35140181
|
| 2022 |
Donor kidney-resident macrophages upregulate CCL8 upon transplantation, which promotes CCR8-expressing recipient T cell (CD4, CD8, γδ T cell) infiltration into kidney allografts. Blocking CCL8-CCR8 or depleting donor kidney resident macrophages significantly inhibited early allograft immune infiltration and improved allograft function. |
Murine allogeneic kidney transplant model, CCL8/CCR8 blockade, macrophage depletion, flow cytometry for immune infiltrates, allograft function assays |
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN |
Medium |
35973731
|
| 2022 |
Intracellular lactate upregulates CCR8 expression in CD4+ T cells and macrophages through histone H3K18 lactylation at the CCR8 gene promoter, linking tumor glycolysis to CCR8-expressing immunosuppressive Tregs in glioblastoma. |
ChIP assay for H3K18 lactylation at CCR8 promoter, luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, western blot, flow cytometry, LDHA inhibitor (oxamate) |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR |
Medium |
37770937
|
| 2022 |
Tumor-derived exosomes promote CCL1 secretion by lung fibroblasts, which activates CCR8 on T cells to drive Treg differentiation and establish an immunologically tolerant pre-metastatic niche. Inhibiting CCL1-CCR8 axis with AZ084 suppressed Treg differentiation and tumor metastasis in the lung. |
LLC-exo in vitro co-culture, CCL1 ELISA, CCR8 flow cytometry, AZ084 CCR8 antagonist, GW4869 exosome inhibitor, in vivo pre-metastatic niche mouse model |
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII |
Medium |
35428909
|
| 2024 |
TNF-α in the colorectal cancer microenvironment upregulates CCR8 expression in Tregs via TNFR2/NF-κB signaling and the FOXP3 transcription factor. PD-1 blockade induces additional CCR8+ Treg infiltration; TNFR2 depletion or blockade suppresses tumor progression by reducing CCR8+ Treg infiltration. |
NF-κB/TNFR2 inhibition, FOXP3 ChIP, Tnfr2-/- mouse tumor models, anti-PD-1 combination, flow cytometry |
Journal of molecular cell biology |
Medium |
37935468
|
| 2021 |
Small molecule CCR8 agonists (ZK756326, AZ6, vCCL1) display biased signaling relative to human CCL1: while all induce full agonist calcium mobilization, Gβγ signaling is required for CCL1-induced but not small molecule agonist-induced cell migration. Small molecule agonists show higher efficacy for β-arrestin 1 recruitment, which occurs independently of Gαi signaling. |
Calcium mobilization, cellular impedance (xCELLigence), cell migration assay, β-arrestin 1/2 recruitment assay, Gβγ inhibitor (gallein), Gαi inhibitor (pertussis toxin) |
Biochemical pharmacology |
Medium |
33872569
|
| 2025 |
CCR8+ Tregs are specifically enriched in human first-trimester decidua, produced in part through CCL1 secreted by decidual CD49a+ NK cells. Depletion of CCR8+ dTregs increased fetal loss susceptibility with altered decidual immune profiles; adoptive transfer of CCR8+ Tregs rescued fetal loss in abortion-prone mice, establishing a CCR8+ Treg subset as essential for maternal-fetal tolerance. |
scRNA-seq, TCR sequencing, CCR8+ dTreg depletion in mice, adoptive transfer rescue experiments, CCL1 ELISA, flow cytometry |
Science immunology |
High |
40249828
|