Affinage

ARRB1

Beta-arrestin-1 · UniProt P49407

Length
418 aa
Mass
47.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
46 papers in source corpus 23 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ARRB1 (β-arrestin 1) is a multifunctional adaptor/scaffold that, beyond its canonical role in quenching G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, acts as a context-dependent regulator of autophagy, transcription, metabolism, and cell survival across diverse tissues (PMID:24988431, PMID:21212384, PMID:24837709). In its founding function it binds phosphorylated active receptors to terminate signaling: arrestin short isoforms bind both inactive and active phosphorylated rhodopsin/opsin and quench transducin activation on a subsecond timescale (PMID:12194979), and arrestin-mediated receptor deactivation operates in the same pathway as PP2A-dependent rhodopsin dephosphorylation to sustain photoreceptor viability (PMID:35861670). Structural and biophysical work on the mGluR8–β-arrestin1 complex defines a steric desensitization mechanism in which β-arrestin1 stabilizes active receptor conformations through combined 'tail' and 'core' interactions. ARRB1 nucleates autophagosome formation by interacting with BECN1/Beclin 1 and PIK3C3/Vps34, promoting their assembly and PIK3C3 kinase activity under ischemic stress in neurons (PMID:24988431) and in nucleus pulposus cells (PMID:38838859); in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinogenesis ARRB1 couples with HBx and LC3 to drive autophagic flux and CDK2–CCNE1-dependent G1/S transition (PMID:33866937). ARRB1 also translocates to the nucleus, where it binds E2F transcription factors with EP300 to activate survival/proliferative genes (CDC6, TYMS, BIRC5) and SCF/c-Kit ligand downstream of nicotine (PMID:21212384, PMID:25401222), and maps genome-wide to regulate HIF1A targets SDHA and FH to drive aerobic glycolysis (PMID:24837709). As a metabolic and signaling hub it tunes glycolytic versus oxidative flux via MPC1 and GLUT1 (PMID:33920080), scaffolds PI3K/Akt downstream of EP4 to protect mucosal integrity (PMID:28432343), facilitates Golgi-directed maturation of pro-GDF15 (PMID:31857195), and suppresses stress signaling by binding ASK1 to block TRAF6-mediated K6-polyubiquitination (PMID:32445435) and by binding p-eIF2α to inhibit the ATF4–CHOP ER stress axis (PMID:38252352). ARRB1 promotes NOTCH1 ubiquitination and degradation through a DTX1 complex, functioning as a tumor suppressor in T-ALL (PMID:31822496). Its activity is itself controlled by post-translational modification and transcriptional regulation: P300-mediated lactylation at K195 upregulates S100A9 and drives mitochondrial dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage (PMID:40445496), and EHMT2-deposited H3K9me2 silences ARRB1 to derepress Hedgehog signaling (PMID:38573544).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2002 High

    Established the kinetic and binding logic of arrestin-mediated receptor quenching by showing how short arrestin isoforms engage phosphorylated rhodopsin to terminate G-protein activation.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution with size-exclusion chromatography, membrane-binding assays, and transducin quenching kinetics

    PMID:12194979

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address full-length ARRB1 behavior outside the visual system
    • No structural model of the active complex
  2. 2011 High

    Revealed an unexpected nuclear/transcriptional function for ARRB1, showing it partners with E2F and EP300 at survival-gene promoters to mediate mitogenic signaling.

    Evidence Nuclear fractionation, ChIP on cell lines and primary NSCLC tumors, reciprocal Co-IP, shRNA rescue

    PMID:21212384

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of nuclear import not defined
    • Direct DNA contact vs E2F-bridged recruitment unresolved
  3. 2014 High

    Connected ARRB1's nuclear role to metabolic reprogramming and extended its scaffolding to autophagy, defining it as a regulator of both transcription and the BECN1 autophagic core.

    Evidence Genome-wide ChIP-seq with expression profiling (HIF1A/SDHA/FH); reciprocal Co-IP, Arrb1-KO mice, and PIK3C3 kinase assay (BECN1-PIK3C3)

    PMID:24837709 PMID:24988431

    Open questions at the time
    • Why interaction is ischemia-specific not explained
    • Direct vs indirect promoter occupancy in metabolic regulation unclear
  4. 2016 Medium

    Showed ARRB1 modulates the DNA damage response, linking its abundance to ATR/Chk1/γH2AX signaling and chemosensitivity.

    Evidence Gain- and loss-of-function in NSCLC lines, ATR/Chk1/γH2AX Western blot, xenograft with cisplatin

    PMID:28035404

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct molecular interaction with DDR machinery identified
    • Mechanism of ATR/Chk1 enhancement unknown
  5. 2017 Medium

    Positioned ARRB1 as a scaffold for PI3K/Akt downstream of EP4, broadening its role to receptor-coupled cytoprotective signaling.

    Evidence Arrb1-KO mice in DSS colitis, siRNA in HCT116, PI3K/p-Akt Western blot, PGE2 treatment

    PMID:28432343

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct PI3K binding not demonstrated
    • Single lab, no reciprocal validation
  6. 2019 High

    Defined two distinct trafficking/degradation functions: facilitating Golgi-directed pro-GDF15 maturation and promoting NOTCH1 ubiquitination via a DTX1 complex.

    Evidence Co-IP, Arrb1-KO mice with NASH models and rescue (GDF15); Co-IP of trimeric complex, ubiquitination assay, xenograft, 3'-UTR reporter (NOTCH1/DTX1)

    PMID:31822496 PMID:31857195

    Open questions at the time
    • How ARRB1 selects pro-GDF15 vs other cargo unclear
    • Whether ARRB1 directly bridges NOTCH1 to DTX1 structurally not resolved
  7. 2020 High

    Showed ARRB1 suppresses stress kinase signaling by binding ASK1 and blocking TRAF6-mediated K6-linked polyubiquitination, establishing an epistatic effector.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, Arrb1-KO and hepatocyte overexpression mice, ASK1 inhibitor rescue

    PMID:32445435

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of ubiquitination blockade unknown
    • Whether ARRB1 acts as competitor or allosteric inhibitor unclear
  8. 2021 Medium

    Extended ARRB1 autophagy function to HBV carcinogenesis (HBx/LC3 coupling to cell-cycle progression) and to metabolic reprogramming via MPC1/GLUT1.

    Evidence Co-IP of trimeric complex, genetic perturbations, CDK2 kinase assay, mouse HCC models (HBx); KO/re-expression, Seahorse, glucose uptake (bladder CSC)

    PMID:33866937 PMID:33920080

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism linking autophagy to CDK2 activity not fully defined
    • How ARRB1 controls MPC1/GLUT1 protein levels unknown
  9. 2024 Medium

    Identified ER-stress suppression (p-eIF2α binding) and transcriptional control of ARRB1 itself (EHMT2-mediated H3K9me2 silencing repressing Hedgehog), plus ARRB1-driven NPAS2 activation in glycolysis.

    Evidence Co-IP, Arrb1-KO/OE rescue, ER-stress markers (eIF2α); ChIP for H3K9me2 at ARRB1 promoter and rescue (EHMT2); ChIP and rescue (NPAS2)

    PMID:38252352 PMID:38573544 PMID:38584327

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect eIF2α interaction in cells not fully validated
    • Whether ARRB1 binds NPAS2 promoter directly or via cofactors unclear
  10. 2025 Medium

    Resolved structural mechanism of GPCR coupling (mGluR8 cryo-EM) and uncovered new regulatory modes: K195 lactylation, GNAI1-ARRB1 disruption-driven autophagic death, calcium/CAMK2G-driven nuclear translocation, and an Δexon13 glycolytic isoform.

    Evidence Cryo-EM/smFRET/MD (mGluR8); lactylome and K195R mutant (lactylation); DARTS/CETSA/docking (PA/GNAI1); Co-IP and CA9 reporter (CAMK2G); Co-IP with ENO1/ALDOA (Δexon13)

    PMID:40445496 PMID:40486495 PMID:41339621 PMID:42088441

    Open questions at the time
    • mGluR8 structure is a preprint awaiting peer review
    • Generality of K195 lactylation beyond SAH unknown
    • Functional distinction of Δexon13 isoform across tissues unmapped

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How a single adaptor integrates its many context-specific functions — receptor desensitization, nuclear transcription, autophagy scaffolding, ubiquitination control, and metabolic regulation — and what determines which program is engaged remains unresolved.
  • No unifying model linking subcellular localization to functional choice
  • Determinants of partner selection (E2F vs BECN1 vs ASK1 vs DTX1) not defined
  • Role of post-translational modifications in switching functions largely uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0042393 histone binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2
Partners
ASK1BECN1DTX1E2F1GNAI1MAP1LC3NOTCH1PIK3C3
Complex memberships
ARRB1-NOTCH1-DTX1 complexBECN1-PIK3C3 autophagic core complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2014 ARRB1 interacts with BECN1/Beclin 1 and PIK3C3/Vps34 (two major components of the BECN1 autophagic core complex) under ischemic (OGD) but not normal conditions in neurons, and loss of ARRB1 impairs the BECN1-PIK3C3 interaction and reduces PIK3C3 kinase activity, thereby suppressing autophagosome formation and promoting neuronal apoptosis/necrosis in cerebral ischemia. Co-immunoprecipitation, Arrb1 knockout mice, in vitro OGD model, PIK3C3 kinase activity assay Autophagy High 24988431
2011 Nicotine induces nuclear translocation of ARRB1 in NSCLC cells; nuclear ARRB1 binds E2F transcription factors and, together with EP300 and acetylated histone H3, occupies promoters of E2F-regulated survival/proliferative genes (CDC6, TYMS, BIRC5), driving their transcriptional activation and mediating nicotine's mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects. Nuclear fractionation/immunofluorescence, shRNA knockdown, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), co-immunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR, human NSCLC tumors Journal of the National Cancer Institute High 21212384
2014 Nuclear ARRB1 in prostate cancer cells regulates HIF1A transcriptional activity under normoxic conditions (pseudohypoxia) by controlling the expression of succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA) and fumarate hydratase (FH), thereby shifting cellular metabolism toward aerobic glycolysis; this was established by genome-wide chromatin binding mapping (ChIP-seq) combined with gene expression profiling. Genome-wide ChIP-seq (first for an endocytic adaptor), gene expression profiling, in vitro and in vivo models The EMBO journal High 24837709
2019 ARRB1 interacts with GDF15 precursor (pro-GDF15) and facilitates its transportation to the Golgi apparatus for cleavage and maturation; loss of ARRB1 impairs this process, reduces mature GDF15, and accelerates NASH, while re-expression of ARRB1 together with pro-GDF15 overexpression is synergistically protective. Co-immunoprecipitation, Arrb1-KO mice, HFD/MCD NASH models, in vitro and in vivo rescue experiments Journal of hepatology High 31857195
2019 ARRB1 promotes NOTCH1 ubiquitination and degradation in T-ALL cells through simultaneous interactions with NOTCH1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase DTX1, acting as a tumor suppressor; this function is suppressed by oncomiR miR-223 which targets the 3'-UTR of ARRB1. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, exogenous ARRB1 expression, T-ALL xenograft models, luciferase 3'-UTR reporter Cancer research High 31822496
2021 ARRB1 interacts with HBx and the autophagic scaffold protein MAP1LC3/LC3, promoting autophagic flux and autophagosome formation; this ARRB1-mediated autophagy drives cell cycle progression by maintaining CDK2 phosphorylation and CDK2-CCNE1 complex activity, thereby promoting G1/S transition in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, ARRB1 knockdown/knockout, autophagy inhibitor (3-MA), ATG5/ATG7 siRNA, cell cycle analysis, CDK2 kinase assay, mouse HCC models Autophagy High 33866937
2020 ARRB1 directly interacts with ASK1 in hepatocytes and inhibits TRAF6-mediated Lysine 6-linked polyubiquitination of ASK1, preventing ASK1 activation and downstream signaling during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury; inhibition of ASK1 abolished the disruptive effect of ARRB1 deficiency, confirming ASK1 as a required effector of ARRB1 function. Co-immunoprecipitation, ARRB1 hepatocyte-specific overexpression, Arrb1-KO mice, ASK1 inhibitor rescue, ubiquitination assay Journal of cellular and molecular medicine High 32445435
2024 ARRB1 directly binds phosphorylated eIF2α (p-eIF2α) and eIF2α, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation, and this interaction inhibits ER stress signaling (p-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP axis) and downstream apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Co-immunoprecipitation, ARRB1-KO mice, ARRB1 overexpression in hepatic cell lines and primary hepatocytes, Western blot for ER stress markers Cell biology and toxicology Medium 38252352
2021 ARRB1 knockout in bladder cancer stem cell-like cells decreases glycolytic rate and induces metabolic reprogramming toward oxidative phosphorylation by increasing mitochondrial pyruvate carrier MPC1 protein levels and reducing GLUT1 protein levels and glucose uptake; ARRB1 overexpression in KO cells reverses this phenotype. ARRB1 KO and re-expression, Seahorse metabolic flux assay, glucose uptake assay, Western blot for MPC1 and GLUT1, spheroid formation Cancers Medium 33920080
2017 EP4 receptor activation by PGE2 upregulates β-arrestin1 (ARRB1), which in turn scaffolds PI3K/Akt signaling to protect colonic mucosal integrity; ARRB1-deficient mice show markedly downregulated PI3K and p-Akt expression during DSS-induced colitis. Arrb1-KO mice, DSS colitis model, siRNA knockdown in HCT116 cells, Western blot for PI3K/p-Akt, PGE2 treatment Scientific reports Medium 28432343
2021 ET-1 activates ETA/ETB receptors to trigger mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) via β-arrestin1-dependent MAPK and NF-kB pathways; silencing of β-arrestin1 impairs ET-1-induced MC proliferation, upregulation of mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, α-SMA, N-cadherin, vimentin), NF-kB-dependent Snail activity, and SOC transmesothelial migration. β-arrestin1 siRNA silencing, ETA/ETB receptor blockade, Western blot, migration/invasion assays Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 34926453
2025 P300 mediates lactylation of ARRB1 at lysine 195 following subarachnoid hemorrhage, increasing ARRB1 protein expression and upregulating S100A9, which promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis; a K195R mutation abolishes this effect, and P300 knockdown is rescued by ARRB1 overexpression. Lactylome analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, K195R point mutant, P300 knockdown/overexpression rescue, co-immunofluorescence, mitochondrial function assays (MMP, ROS, ATP, OCR), TUNEL/flow cytometry Neurochemical research Medium 40445496
2025 ARRB1 is identified as an essential adaptor for patchouli alcohol (PA)-induced autophagic cell death in NSCLC; PA specifically disrupts the GNAI1-ARRB1 protein-protein interaction (confirmed by DARTS, CETSA, molecular docking), and loss of ARRB1 abolishes downstream inhibition of ERK/JAK2-STAT3/mTOR pro-survival pathways. DARTS, CETSA, molecular docking, Co-IP, ARRB1 knockdown, autophagy flux assays, in vivo xenograft International journal of biological sciences Medium 42088441
2025 ARRB1 nuclear translocation in lung epithelial cells is induced by simulated space radiation and/or microgravity via changes in intracellular calcium concentration, which promotes CAMK2G-ARRB1 interaction; nuclear ARRB1 then enhances CA9 transcriptional activity to facilitate malignant transformation. Co-immunoprecipitation (CAMK2G-ARRB1), nuclear fractionation/imaging, calcium manipulation, CA9 transcriptional reporter, malignant transformation assays NPJ microgravity Medium 41339621
2025 ARRB1 transcriptionally activates NPAS2 by binding to sites within the NPAS2 promoter region; this ARRB1-NPAS2 axis promotes malignant behaviors and glycolysis in lung adenocarcinoma cells, as NPAS2 knockdown effects are partially restored by ARRB1 overexpression. ChIP, promoter-binding assay, gain/loss-of-function, Seahorse OCR, glycolytic enzyme expression, rescue experiments Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology Medium 38584327
2024 EHMT2 epigenetically suppresses ARRB1 transcription by binding the ARRB1 promoter and depositing H3K9me2 modification; reduced ARRB1 in turn fails to inhibit the Hedgehog pathway (GLI1, PTCH1), promoting OSCC cancer stem cell properties; ARRB1 overexpression counteracts EHMT2-driven Hedgehog activation. ChIP, lentiviral EHMT2 silencing, ARRB1 overexpression rescue, sphere formation assays, Western blot for H3K9me2/GLI1/PTCH1 Molecular biotechnology Medium 38573544
2024 ARRB1 interacts with Beclin 1 (BECN1) in nucleus pulposus cells, and ARRB1 knockdown suppresses formation of the Beclin1-PIK3C3 core complex, impairing autophagic flux; ARRB1 overexpression promotes autophagy, reduces extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis, and delays IVDD progression in rats. Co-immunoprecipitation (ARRB1-Beclin1), lentiviral shRNA/OE, LC3-II/I ratio, autophagic flux assay, 3-MA autophagy inhibitor, in vivo rat IVDD model Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research Medium 38838859
2002 The arrestin splice variant p44 (Arr1-370A) and truncated Arr(3-367) bind not only phosphorylated active rhodopsin but also inactive phosphorylated rhodopsin and opsin, making them membrane-bound in the dark (unlike full-length arrestin); upon photoexcitation these short arrestins are handed over from inactive to active phosphorylated rhodopsin and quench Gt activation on a subsecond timescale. Size exclusion chromatography, biophysical membrane-binding assay, G-protein activation (Gt) quenching assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 12194979
2022 In rod photoreceptors lacking Arr1 (arrestin), PP2A deficiency accelerates retinal degeneration and further reduces maximal rod photoresponse amplitude; this genetic epistasis demonstrates that PP2A-mediated rhodopsin dephosphorylation acts in the same pathway as Arr1-mediated receptor deactivation, and that both are required for rod photoreceptor viability. Genetic double-knockout (Arr1-/- × PP2A Cα rod-specific KO), retinal histology, ex vivo electroretinography Investigative ophthalmology & visual science Medium 35861670
2025 Cryo-EM structures of mGluR8 complexed with β-arrestin1 reveal transducer-specific active states of mGluR8; single-molecule FRET shows β-arr1 stabilizes active mGluR8 conformations; mGluRs couple to β-arr1 with 2:1 or 2:2 stoichiometry via combined 'tail' and 'core' interactions; molecular dynamics supports a steric desensitization mechanism involving interactions with both subunits and the lipid bilayer. Cryo-EM structure determination, single-molecule pulldown assay, single-molecule FRET, molecular dynamics simulations, combinatorial mutagenesis bioRxivpreprint High
2025 All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that V2Rpp engages β-arr1 more stably than β-arr2, with isoform-specific residue contacts triggering distinct allosteric conformational changes including differential interdomain rotations; β-arr1 shows stronger allosteric coupling between V2Rpp and c-edge loop 2, consistent with enhanced membrane association of β-arr1. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations, machine learning, graph neural networks bioRxivpreprint Low
2016 ARRB1 overexpression in NSCLC cells enhances activation of ATR and Chk1 kinases and increases γH2AX phosphorylation following treatment with DNA-damaging agents (cisplatin, etoposide), leading to increased DNA damage and apoptosis; ARRB1 knockdown abrogates this DNA damage response. ARRB1 plasmid overexpression and siRNA knockdown in NSCLC lines, Western blot for ATR/Chk1/γH2AX, apoptosis assay, mouse xenograft with cisplatin Oncology reports Medium 28035404
2014 ARRB1 is required for nicotine-induced upregulation of stem cell factor (SCF/c-Kit ligand) in NSCLC cells via E2F1; depletion of ARRB1 or E2F1 abrogates nicotine-promoted self-renewal of side-population (SP) stem-like cells, and E2F1 directly induces SCF transcription. Microarray, siRNA knockdown of ARRB1/E2F1, SP cell self-renewal assay, qRT-PCR Oncotarget Medium 25401222
2025 ARRB1-Δexon13 splice isoform (lacking exon 13) binds glycolytic proteins ENO1 and ALDOA and regulates glycolysis in glioblastoma cells more potently than the full-length ARRB1-OE isoform; inhibition of glycolysis with 2-DG suppresses the malignancy-promoting effects of ARRB1-Δexon13. Co-immunoprecipitation (ARRB1-Δexon13 with ENO1/ALDOA), OE and Δexon13 cell lines, in vivo xenograft, 2-DG glycolysis inhibition Biochemistry and biophysics reports Medium 40486495
2025 Association of IGF1R with ARRB1 peaks at 60 min of Aβ treatment in neuronal cells, coinciding with maximal pERK activity; ARRB1 knockdown in IGF1R-overexpressing cells reduces cAMP, indicating that the IGF1R-ARRB1 interaction contributes to cAMP regulation under Aβ conditions; IGF1R inhibitor PPP blocks the IGF1R-ARRB1 interaction and alters ERK/cAMP status. Co-immunoprecipitation (time-course), siRNA knockdown, IGF1R overexpression, cAMP measurement, pERK assay, PPP inhibitor treatment Molecular neurobiology Medium 39969678

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 46 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 ARR1, a transcription factor for genes immediately responsive to cytokinins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 355 11691951
2014 ARRB1/β-arrestin-1 mediates neuroprotection through coordination of BECN1-dependent autophagy in cerebral ischemia. Autophagy 121 24988431
2007 ARR1 directly activates cytokinin response genes that encode proteins with diverse regulatory functions. Plant & cell physiology 111 17202182
2011 ARRB1-mediated regulation of E2F target genes in nicotine-induced growth of lung tumors. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 93 21212384
2014 Low temperature inhibits root growth by reducing auxin accumulation via ARR1/12. Plant & cell physiology 80 25552473
2019 miR-374a-5p promotes tumor progression by targeting ARRB1 in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer letters 65 31004703
2019 ARRB1 inhibits non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression by promoting GDF15 maturation. Journal of hepatology 64 31857195
2021 HBx induces hepatocellular carcinogenesis through ARRB1-mediated autophagy to drive the G1/S cycle. Autophagy 58 33866937
2014 Nuclear ARRB1 induces pseudohypoxia and cellular metabolism reprogramming in prostate cancer. The EMBO journal 57 24837709
2017 COX-1/PGE2/EP4 alleviates mucosal injury by upregulating β-arr1-mediated Akt signaling in colitis. Scientific reports 38 28432343
2002 Arrestin and its splice variant Arr1-370A (p44). Mechanism and biological role of their interaction with rhodopsin. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 12194979
2014 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors induce c-Kit ligand/Stem Cell Factor and promote stemness in an ARRB1/ β-arrestin-1 dependent manner in NSCLC. Oncotarget 34 25401222
2019 ARRB1-Promoted NOTCH1 Degradation Is Suppressed by OncomiR miR-223 in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer research 31 31822496
2018 MicroRNA-296 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth and enhances apoptosis by targeting ARRB1-mediated AKT activation. Oncology reports 23 30365090
2014 Cytokinin signaling stabilizes the response activator ARR1. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 22 24617630
2021 ARRB1 Regulates Metabolic Reprogramming to Promote Glycolysis in Stem Cell-Like Bladder Cancer Cells. Cancers 17 33920080
2016 ARRB1 enhances the chemosensitivity of lung cancer through the mediation of DNA damage response. Oncology reports 17 28035404
2012 A network-based maximum link approach towards MS identifies potentially important roles for undetected ARRB1/2 and ACTB in liver cancer progression. International journal of bioinformatics research and applications 16 22961449
2019 β-Arrestin 1 (ARRB1) serves as a molecular marker of the peripheral circadian rhythm. International journal of oral science 15 31685794
2020 ARRB1 ameliorates liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury via antagonizing TRAF6-mediated Lysine 6-linked polyubiquitination of ASK1 in hepatocytes. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 14 32445435
2013 Cell survival following radiation exposure requires miR-525-3p mediated suppression of ARRB1 and TXN1. PloS one 13 24147004
1994 Assignment of the beta-arrestin 1 gene (ARRB1) to human chromosome 11q13. Genomics 12 7896272
2021 Ovarian Cancer-Driven Mesothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition is Triggered by the Endothelin-1/β-arr1 Axis. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 11 34926453
2025 P300-Mediated ARRB1 Lactylation Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Apoptosis in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Via Upregulating S100A9. Neurochemical research 9 40445496
2024 ARRB1 downregulates acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity through binding to p-eIF2α to inhibit ER stress signaling. Cell biology and toxicology 9 38252352
2021 ARRB1 Drives Gallbladder Cancer Progression by Facilitating TAK1/MAPK Signaling Activation. Journal of Cancer 8 33753990
2023 Cardioprotective efficacy of Xin-shu-bao tablet in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction by modulating THBD/ARRB1/FGF1/STIM1 signaling. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 7 37423168
2022 The association of ARRB1 polymorphisms with response to antidepressant treatment in depressed patients. Frontiers in pharmacology 7 36386175
2021 ARRB1 suppresses the activation of hepatic macrophages via modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury. Cell death discovery 7 34455423
2024 EHMT2 Suppresses ARRB1 Transcription and Activates the Hedgehog Signaling to Promote Malignant Phenotype and Stem Cell Property in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Molecular biotechnology 5 38573544
2024 NPAS2, transcriptionally activated by ARRB1, promotes the malignant behaviours of lung adenocarcinoma cells and regulates the reprogramming of glucose metabolism. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 5 38584327
2024 Electroacupuncture alleviates neuropathic pain by regulating hippocampal SP/NK1R/ARRB1 pathway. Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupuncture research 5 39318312
2023 circITGB1 Regulates Adipocyte Proliferation and Differentiation via the miR-23a/ARRB1 Pathway. International journal of molecular sciences 5 36768295
2022 Deletion of Protein Phosphatase 2A Accelerates Retinal Degeneration in GRK1- and Arr1-Deficient Mice. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 4 35861670
2020 Molecular docking studies of a-mangostin with oral cancer targets ARRB1, FLNA, CALM3 and HTT. Bioinformation 4 33214751
2024 ARRB1 inhibits extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by promoting autophagy and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research 3 38838859
2025 IGF1R/ARRB1 Mediated Regulation of ERK and cAMP Pathways in Response to Aβ Unfolds Novel Therapeutic Avenue in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecular neurobiology 2 39969678
2025 ARR1 and AHP interactions in the multi-step phosphorelay system. Frontiers in plant science 2 40084109
2025 LSM12 promotes the lung squamous cell carcinoma progression through mediating alternative splicing of ARRB1. Communications biology 2 40425760
2025 β-suppressor protein 1 (ARRB1)-△exon13 modulates the progression of glioblastoma via combination with glycolysis-related proteins. Biochemistry and biophysics reports 1 40486495
2025 ARR1/12-ETP1/2 model negatively regulates submergence-induced hypoxia response in A. thaliana. Journal of plant physiology 1 40896964
2026 Intercellular transfer of circ_0017636 via exosomal vehicles overcomes glioblastoma chemoresistance through ARRB1-mediated signaling restoration. Cellular signalling 0 41765310
2026 Patchouli alcohol triggers autophagic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells through targeting GNAI1 to dissociate the GNAI1/ARRB1 complex. International journal of biological sciences 0 42088441
2025 Armillariella tabescens polysaccharides alleviate ER stress in 5-FU-induced intestinal epithelial injury and mucositis via ARRB1 modulation. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 0 40748683
2025 Integrating Pharmacogenomic Insights in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy: Direct GLP1R and ARRB1 Variants and Indirect CYP2D6 Influences in Personalized Obesity Management. Clinical pharmacology in drug development 0 41238444
2025 The role and mechanism of ARRB1 in simulated space radiation and microgravity-induced lung carcinogenesis. NPJ microgravity 0 41339621

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