Affinage

NFKBIZ

NF-kappa-B inhibitor zeta · UniProt Q9BYH8

Length
718 aa
Mass
78.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

NFKBIZ (MAIL/IκBζ) encodes an inducible nuclear IκB-family protein that, rather than inhibiting NF-κB in the cytoplasm, acts within the nucleus to selectively amplify a defined set of inflammatory transcripts (PMID:11086164, PMID:19783680). Its expression is rapidly induced by TLR4-dependent LPS signaling, IL-1, IFN-γ, and IL-17A (PMID:12069074, PMID:25876660, PMID:32079724), with its own promoter integrating NF-κB binding (PMID:15527973), cooperative C/EBPβ and STAT3 activation, and STAT1-mediated suppression (PMID:35537286), plus a JAK1/ISRE-dependent IFN-γ arm (PMID:25876660). Mechanistically, the long isoform localizes to the nucleus and binds the NF-κB p50 subunit to drive IL-6 promoter activity in a C/EBPβ-, NF-κB-, and AP-1-dependent manner (PMID:19783680); in synovial fibroblasts it mediates TNF/IL-17A transcriptional synergy and, together with CUX1 and p65, induces CXCL1–3 to recruit neutrophils and monocytes (PMID:32079724). NFKBIZ output is tightly constrained by multiple post-transcriptional and post-translational brakes: regnase-1/3-mediated mRNA decay (PMID:37922454, PMID:40460118), NF-κB-driven miR-376b feedback (PMID:33328388), and TRIM16-mediated K48 ubiquitination and degradation (PMID:38581570). Loss of NFKBIZ in mice produces spontaneous atopic dermatitis-like skin disease with elevated IgE and chemokines (PMID:15491998) and skin dysbiosis with Staphylococcus xylosus expansion (PMID:28740238), while it independently controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation through NF-κB-independent mechanisms (PMID:26563030). NFKBIZ also functions as an epistatic effector of IL-17 signaling in intestinal epithelium where its loss abolishes regnase-1-deletion-driven colon tumor growth (PMID:40460118), yet acts as a tumor suppressor selected against in colorectal carcinogenesis through effects on cell competition (PMID:31853061), and biases hematopoietic progenitors toward myeloid lineage output via chromatin remodeling at myeloid loci (PMID:37922454).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2000 Medium

    Established NFKBIZ as a novel nuclear ankyrin-repeat IκB protein that, unexpectedly, potentiates rather than inhibits an inflammatory cytokine response, reframing the IκB family as containing positive transcriptional regulators.

    Evidence Ectopic expression in Swiss 3T3 cells with IL-6 readout and immunolocalization

    PMID:11086164

    Open questions at the time
    • No nuclear binding partner identified
    • Mechanism of IL-6 potentiation undefined
    • Gain-of-function only
  2. 2002 Medium

    Identified the upstream receptor for inflammatory induction, showing NFKBIZ is induced by LPS through TLR4 in vivo and in cultured myeloid cells.

    Evidence Anti-TLR4 neutralizing antibody and TLR4-mutant mice with RT-PCR

    PMID:12069074

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not map the downstream transcription factors
    • Cell-type specificity not resolved
  3. 2004 High

    Defined the in vivo physiological requirement for NFKBIZ, showing its loss causes spontaneous atopic dermatitis-like disease, establishing it as essential for homeostatic skin immunity.

    Evidence Targeted knockout mice with histopathology, IgE ELISA, chemokine RT-PCR

    PMID:15491998

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular mechanism linking loss to dermatitis unresolved
    • Does not separate keratinocyte-intrinsic from immune effects
  4. 2004 High

    Established autoregulatory promoter control, showing NF-κB drives NFKBIZ transcription while NFKBIZ protein represses its own promoter, creating negative feedback.

    Evidence Promoter mutagenesis, EMSA, luciferase reporter, overexpression in RAW264 cells

    PMID:15527973

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of autorepression not defined
    • CREB contribution only partial
  5. 2009 High

    Identified the direct molecular partner, demonstrating the nuclear long isoform binds NF-κB p50 and is required for IL-6 production, providing the mechanistic basis for selective transcriptional amplification.

    Evidence Co-IP of MAIL-L with p50, IL-6 promoter reporter, siRNA knockdown in THP-1 and primary monocytes

    PMID:19783680

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of p50 engagement unresolved
    • Genome-wide target set not defined
  6. 2015 Medium

    Revealed an NF-κB-independent function, showing NFKBIZ controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation without altering NF-κB localization or activity.

    Evidence Knockout keratinocyte analysis, Ki-67/TUNEL, NF-κB reporter and localization assays

    PMID:26563030

    Open questions at the time
    • The NF-κB-independent effector mechanism is unidentified
    • Differentiation marker regulation not mechanistically traced
  7. 2015 Medium

    Extended the inducer repertoire and promoter logic, showing IFN-γ induces NFKBIZ via JAK1 and an ISRE element synergizing with IL-1/NF-κB.

    Evidence ISRE deletion, JAK1/NF-κB inhibitors, RT-PCR in primary keratinocytes

    PMID:25876660

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcription factor binding the ISRE not directly identified
    • Synergy mechanism with IL-1 not resolved
  8. 2017 Medium

    Connected NFKBIZ loss to a microbiota-immunity axis, showing dysbiosis with S. xylosus expansion drives IL-17A+ T cell expansion and inflammation that antibiotics rescue.

    Evidence Knockout mice, skin microbiome pyrosequencing, antibiotic and topical bacteria challenge, flow cytometry

    PMID:28740238

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether dysbiosis is cause or consequence of barrier defect
    • Epithelial-intrinsic role versus immune role not separated
  9. 2019 High

    Identified a tumor-suppressive function in colorectal epithelium, showing NFKBIZ mutations are selected against during carcinogenesis and its disruption impairs cell competition and tumor formation.

    Evidence UC/CRC mutational profiling, NFKBIZ disruption in human CRC cells, Nfkbiz-mutant mouse tumor model

    PMID:31853061

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-competition mechanism not molecularly defined
    • Apparent conflict with tumor-promoting roles in other contexts unresolved
  10. 2020 High

    Defined NFKBIZ as the effector of TNF/IL-17A transcriptional synergy, showing it engages NF-κB with CUX1 to selectively drive CXCL1-3 chemokine output and leukocyte recruitment.

    Evidence siRNA epistasis for multiple factors, dose-response transcriptomics, promoter motif analysis in synovial fibroblasts

    PMID:32079724

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CUX1-IκBζ-p65 complex assembly not biochemically reconstituted
    • Genome-wide IκBζ occupancy not mapped
  11. 2020 High

    Added a post-transcriptional brake, establishing a NF-κB/miR-376b/NFKBIZ negative feedback loop regulating inflammation in septic kidney injury.

    Evidence Luciferase miRNA target reporter, ChIP, miR-376b mimic/inhibitor in vitro and in vivo

    PMID:33328388

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution relative to other decay pathways unquantified
    • Tissue specificity of the loop not addressed
  12. 2021 Medium

    Revealed stimulus-specific stabilization of IκBζ protein, showing CLP (but not LPS) extends its half-life to sustain Lcn2 induction in sepsis.

    Evidence CLP versus LPS models, IκBζ inhibitor, RT-PCR and Western blot

    PMID:33431705

    Open questions at the time
    • The molecular mechanism extending protein half-life is unknown
    • Lcn2 promoter engagement not directly shown
  13. 2024 High

    Established regnase-mediated mRNA decay as a lineage-determining control, showing regnase-1/3 degrade Nfkbiz to restrain myeloid-biased hematopoietic output via chromatin remodeling.

    Evidence Reg1/Reg3 double-KO mice, scRNA-seq, scATAC-seq, ASO-mediated Nfkbiz stabilization, bone marrow transplant

    PMID:37922454

    Open questions at the time
    • How NFKBIZ directs chromatin remodeling at myeloid loci is undefined
    • Direct genomic targets in HSPCs not mapped
  14. 2024 Medium

    Identified a post-translational degradation route, showing TRIM16 ubiquitinates NFKBIZ at K48 for degradation and that loss of this control elevates NFKBIZ and confers sorafenib insensitivity in HCC.

    Evidence Co-IP, protein degradation assay, K48 ubiquitination mapping, xenograft

    PMID:38581570

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM16 is the direct E3 ligase versus an adaptor not fully resolved
    • Physiological contexts of this regulation beyond HCC unknown
  15. 2025 High

    Demonstrated NFKBIZ as the epistatic effector of regnase-1/IL-17 signaling in colon tumorigenesis, since Nfkbiz knockout abolishes the tumor-promoting effect of enterocyte regnase-1 deletion.

    Evidence Enterocyte-specific Regnase-1 KO Apc mouse, Nfkbiz KO epistasis, transcriptomics, antibiotic and IL-17 neutralization rescue

    PMID:40460118

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation with tumor-suppressive role in colorectal cell competition unresolved
    • Downstream NFKBIZ transcriptional targets in this context not detailed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How NFKBIZ can be both tumor-suppressive in colorectal cell competition and tumor-promoting downstream of IL-17/regnase-1 in the same epithelium remains unresolved, as does the structural basis of its selective transcriptional activation.
  • Context-dependent opposing cancer roles unexplained
  • No structural model of the IκBζ-p50 transcriptional complex
  • Genome-wide direct target catalogue across cell types incomplete

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3
Partners
CEBPBCUX1FUS-DDIT3NFKB1RELASTAT3TRIM16

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 MAIL (NFKBIZ) is a novel nuclear IκB protein with ankyrin repeats whose ectopic expression potentiates LPS-induced IL-6 mRNA expression and secretion in Swiss 3T3 cells; it localizes to the nucleus when ectopically expressed. Ectopic expression in Swiss 3T3 cells, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunolocalization FEBS letters Medium 11086164
2001 The mouse Mail gene consists of 14 exons spanning ~30 kb, maps to chromosome 16C1.2-C1.3, contains NF-κB and NF-IL6 binding sites in its proximal promoter, and this promoter region drives high-level reporter gene expression in LPS-stimulated transfected cells. Genomic cloning, Southern hybridization, FISH, primer extension, promoter-reporter assay Immunogenetics Medium 11797098
2002 LPS-induced MAIL (NFKBIZ) mRNA expression is mediated at least in part through TLR4: neutralizing anti-TLR4 antibody attenuated MAIL induction in PMA-differentiated U937 cells, and TLR4 missense-mutant mice showed reduced in vivo MAIL induction in the spleen. Neutralizing antibody treatment, comparison of TLR4-mutant vs. wild-type mice, RT-PCR The Journal of veterinary medical science Medium 12069074
2003 LPS induces MAIL (NFKBIZ) expression predominantly in B-lymphocytes and macrophages (not T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, or endothelial cells) in vivo and in vitro; the predominant isoform expressed is the long splice variant MAIL-L; inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF also induce MAIL in cultured cells. In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, Northern blot, Western blot, cell culture stimulation assays Archives of histology and cytology Medium 12703554
2004 MAIL-deficient (Mail−/−) mice develop spontaneous atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions with elevated serum IgE, inflammatory cell infiltration, and markedly elevated expression of chemokines such as TARC, indicating MAIL is essential for homeostatic regulation of skin immunity and keratinocyte function. Targeted gene disruption (knockout mice), histopathology, ELISA, RT-PCR The Journal of biological chemistry High 15491998
2004 MAIL (NFKBIZ) promoter activity is strongly regulated by NF-κB binding at the −229 to −220 bp site; CREB also partly regulates expression; overexpression of MAIL protein suppresses its own LPS-induced promoter activity, indicating an autoregulatory negative feedback loop. Promoter deletion/mutation analysis, EMSA/binding assay, luciferase reporter assay, overexpression in RAW264 cells Gene High 15527973
2007 Constitutive MAIL (NFKBIZ) expression in epidermal keratinocytes is controlled at least in part by NF-κB: the NF-κB inhibitor Bay11-7082 and IκBαM supersuppressor significantly downregulated MAIL expression; LPS did not induce MAIL in keratinocytes, but IL-1 did, suggesting LPS-specific repressive mechanisms in this cell type. Pharmacological NF-κB inhibition, dominant-negative IκBαM overexpression, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry in primary keratinocytes and PAM212 cell line The Journal of veterinary medical science Medium 17409644
2008 The FUS-DDIT3 fusion oncoprotein colocalizes with NFKBIZ in nuclear structures and physically interacts with the C-terminal domain of NFKBIZ by co-immunoprecipitation; this interaction is associated with upregulation of NF-κB-controlled genes (including IL8) in myxoid liposarcoma cells. Immunoprecipitation, co-localization by immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation, IL8 promoter reporter assay Oncogene Medium 18850010
2009 Human MAIL-L (80 kDa isoform) localizes to the nucleus, binds the p50 subunit of NF-κB, and increases IL-6 promoter activity in a C/EBPβ-, NF-κB-, and AP-1-dependent fashion; siRNA-mediated MAIL knockdown significantly decreases IL-6 production in THP-1 cells and primary monocytes; MAIL protein expression is suppressed during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, correlating with reduced IL-6 output. Co-immunoprecipitation (MAIL-L with p50), luciferase promoter assay, siRNA knockdown, Western blot, ELISA, immunolocalization Journal of immunology High 19783680
2015 Nfkbiz-deficient keratinocytes are hypoproliferative; expression of differentiation markers K10 and filaggrin is reduced in Nfkbiz−/− skin, while NF-κB subcellular localization and transcriptional activity are unchanged in Nfkbiz−/− keratinocytes, indicating Nfkbiz controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation through NF-κB-independent mechanisms. Knockout mouse analysis, Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, Western blot for NF-κB subunit localization, NF-κB reporter assay The Japanese journal of veterinary research Medium 26563030
2015 IFN-γ induces Nfkbiz expression in keratinocytes via a JAK1-dependent mechanism requiring the ISRE element in the Nfkbiz promoter; IFN-γ and IL-1 show synergism in Nfkbiz induction requiring both JAK1 and NF-κB. Promoter analysis (ISRE deletion), selective kinase inhibitors (JAK1, NF-κB), RT-PCR in primary keratinocytes Biomedical research Medium 25876660
2017 Nfkbiz−/− mice with spontaneous dermatitis show decreased bacterial diversity and markedly expanded Staphylococcus xylosus on skin; antibiotic treatment ameliorates skin inflammation; topical application of S. xylosus to Nfkbiz−/− mice expands IL-17A-secreting CD4+ T cells and elevates pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, indicating Nfkbiz regulates the microbiota-skin immunity axis. Knockout mouse model, pyrosequencing of skin microbiome, antibiotic treatment experiment, topical bacterial application, flow cytometry, ELISA Scientific reports Medium 28740238
2020 In human synovial fibroblasts, IL-17A selectively and dose-dependently induces NFKBIZ transcription; IκBζ (NFKBIZ) mediates the transcriptional synergy between TNF and IL-17A but not the response to TNF alone; IκBζ engages the NF-κB complex to drive expression of CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3, promoting neutrophil and monocyte recruitment; CUX1 and NF-κB p65 co-mediate this response via a unique promoter motif. siRNA gene silencing (NFKBIZ, CUX1, STAT3, STAT4, LIFR, ELF3), time-series and dose-response transcriptomics, promoter motif analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 32079724
2020 miR-376b directly targets and suppresses NFKBIZ expression (confirmed by luciferase microRNA target reporter assay); NF-κB binds the miR-376b gene promoter upon LPS treatment (confirmed by ChIP); this constitutes a NF-κB/miR-376b/NFKBIZ negative feedback loop regulating renal tubular inflammation in septic AKI. Luciferase microRNA target reporter assay, ChIP assay, miR-376b mimic/inhibitor in vitro and in vivo, Western blot, ELISA JCI insight High 33328388
2021 IκBζ (encoded by Nfkbiz) controls Lcn2 expression in sepsis: pharmacological inhibition of IκBζ largely abolished Lcn2 induction; Nfkbiz mRNA is rapidly induced then declines, while IκBζ protein remains elevated after CLP (but not LPS), indicating a CLP-specific mechanism extending IκBζ protein half-life. CLP and LPS animal models, IκBζ inhibitor treatment, RT-PCR, Western blot Infection and immunity Medium 33431705
2022 NFKBIZ promoter is cooperatively activated by C/EBPβ (via an adjacent C/EBP-binding site) and STAT3 in response to IL-17A; STAT1 suppresses both C/EBPβ- and STAT3-driven NFKBIZ promoter activation independently of STAT1 Y701 phosphorylation; siRNA knockdown of C/EBPβ attenuates IL-17A-induced NFKBIZ upregulation. NFKBIZ promoter deletion/luciferase reporter assay, siRNA knockdown of C/EBPβ and STAT1, co-overexpression experiments in HaCaT cells, RT-PCR Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 35537286
2024 Regnase-1 (encoded by Zc3h12a) and regnase-3 (Zc3h12c) post-transcriptionally degrade Nfkbiz mRNA in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs); loss of Reg1/Reg3 causes elevated Nfkbiz expression that drives myeloid-biased lineage output, as demonstrated by antisense oligonucleotide-mediated Nfkbiz mRNA stabilization and single-cell ATAC-seq showing Nfkbiz-dependent chromatin remodeling at myeloid gene loci. Reg1/Reg3 double-knockout mice, single-cell RNA-seq, single-cell ATAC-seq, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting Reg1/Reg3-mediated Nfkbiz degradation, bone marrow transplantation Blood High 37922454
2024 TRIM16 physically interacts with NFKBIZ and promotes its ubiquitination at the K48 site, targeting NFKBIZ for degradation; disruption of this interaction elevates NFKBIZ, mediates NF-κB signaling transduction, and contributes to sorafenib insensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, protein degradation assay, flow cytometry (apoptosis), Western blot, immunofluorescence, xenograft model Cellular and molecular life sciences Medium 38581570
2025 Regnase-1 degrades Nfkbiz mRNA in intestinal epithelial cells; Regnase-1 deletion in enterocytes elevates Nfkbiz and enhances IL-17 signaling, promoting colon tumor growth in an Apc mouse model; Nfkbiz knockout abolishes the tumor-promoting effect of Regnase-1 deletion, establishing Nfkbiz as the epistatic effector downstream of Regnase-1 in this pathway. Intestinal epithelial-specific Regnase-1 knockout mouse (Apc model), Nfkbiz knockout mouse epistasis, transcriptome analysis, antibiotic and IL-17 neutralizing antibody rescue experiments Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 40460118
2019 NFKBIZ mutations prevalent in ulcerative colitis epithelium are selected against during colorectal carcinogenesis; disruption of NFKBIZ in human colorectal cancer cells impairs cell competition, and tumor formation is significantly attenuated in Nfkbiz-mutant mice, indicating NFKBIZ exerts tumor-suppressive function in colorectal cancer. Mutational profiling of UC and CRC tissues, NFKBIZ disruption in human CRC cell lines (cell competition assay), Nfkbiz-mutant mouse tumor model Nature High 31853061

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1994 PHD--an automatic mail server for protein secondary structure prediction. Computer applications in the biosciences : CABIOS 615 8193956
2003 DNA from buccal swabs recruited by mail: evaluation of storage effects on long-term stability and suitability for multiplex polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Behavior genetics 276 12645823
1997 DNA by mail: an inexpensive and noninvasive method for collecting DNA samples from widely dispersed populations. Behavior genetics 213 9210796
2019 Frequent mutations that converge on the NFKBIZ pathway in ulcerative colitis. Nature 212 31853061
2016 Hijacking the Cellular Mail: Exosome Mediated Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem cells international 193 26880957
2009 Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS): e-mail and SMS cell phone text messaging reminders to support diabetes management. Diabetes technology & therapeutics 188 19848576
2000 MAIL, a novel nuclear I kappa B protein that potentiates LPS-induced IL-6 production. FEBS letters 125 11086164
2020 Treatment of psoriasis with NFKBIZ siRNA using topical ionic liquid formulations. Science advances 93 32832675
2001 Feasibility of collecting buccal cell DNA by mail in a cohort study. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 80 11401922
2020 CUX1 and IκBζ (NFKBIZ) mediate the synergistic inflammatory response to TNF and IL-17A in stromal fibroblasts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 73 32079724
2020 The negative feedback loop of NF-κB/miR-376b/NFKBIZ in septic acute kidney injury. JCI insight 69 33328388
2004 Polyphyly of the mail-cheeked fishes (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 69 15223043
2008 The myxoid liposarcoma FUS-DDIT3 fusion oncoprotein deregulates NF-kappaB target genes by interaction with NFKBIZ. Oncogene 62 18850010
2004 Comparison of methods for collection of DNA samples by mail in the Black Women's Health Study. Annals of epidemiology 59 15018884
2004 Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and mutagenicity in bus drivers and mail carriers exposed to urban air pollution in Denmark. Mutation research 55 14706514
2012 E-mail management of the modified Atkins Diet for adults with epilepsy is feasible and effective. Epilepsia 53 22332768
2004 Increased expression of MAIL, a cytokine-associated nuclear protein, in the prodromal stage of black walnut-induced laminitis. Equine veterinary journal 51 15147139
2004 Emotional expression in cyberspace: searching for moderators of the Pennebaker disclosure effect via e-mail. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association 46 15367065
2004 Targeted disruption of MAIL, a nuclear IkappaB protein, leads to severe atopic dermatitis-like disease. The Journal of biological chemistry 44 15491998
2005 Collecting saliva by mail for genetic and cotinine analyses in participants recruited through the Internet. European journal of epidemiology 37 16283473
2011 Synaptic kainate receptors in interplay with INaP shift the sparse firing of dentate granule cells to a sustained rhythmic mode in temporal lobe epilepsy. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 36 21795533
2008 Mail-in data collection at SPring-8 protein crystallography beamlines. Journal of synchrotron radiation 36 18421161
2017 A Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus (inap CMS) with Carpelloid Stamens via Protoplast Fusion with Chinese Woad. Frontiers in plant science 34 28428799
2017 The resident pathobiont Staphylococcus xylosus in Nfkbiz-deficient skin accelerates spontaneous skin inflammation. Scientific reports 34 28740238
2019 Gene variants in the NF-KB pathway (NFKB1, NFKBIA, NFKBIZ) and risk for early-onset coronary artery disease. Immunology letters 32 30902734
2018 Gene variants in the NF-KB pathway (NFKB1, NFKBIA, NFKBIZ) and their association with type 2 diabetes and impaired renal function. Human immunology 32 29601852
2016 INaP selective inhibition reverts precocious inter- and motorneurons hyperexcitability in the Sod1-G93R zebrafish ALS model. Scientific reports 31 27079797
2009 MAIL regulates human monocyte IL-6 production. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 31 19783680
2019 Rapid prototyping of proteins: Mail order gene fragments to assayable proteins within 24 hours. Biotechnology and bioengineering 29 30593665
2009 NFKBIZ polymorphisms and susceptibility to pneumococcal disease in European and African populations. Genes and immunity 29 19798075
2004 Obtaining DNA from a geographically dispersed cohort of current and former smokers: use of mail-based mouthwash collection and monetary incentives. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 28 15203777
1994 Globin gene server: a prototype E-mail database server featuring extensive multiple alignments and data compilation for electronic genetic analysis. Genomics 28 8088828
2022 Toward Mail-in-Sensors for SARS-CoV-2 Detection: Interfacing Gel Switch Resonators with Cell-Free Toehold Switches. ACS sensors 24 35254055
2009 A selective interplay between aberrant EPSPKA and INaP reduces spike timing precision in dentate granule cells of epileptic rats. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 24 19684246
1999 Cloning and analysis of the capsid morphogenesis genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage D3: another example of protein chain mail? Journal of bacteriology 24 10572124
2013 Safety and effectiveness of mail order pharmacy use in diabetes. The American journal of managed care 21 24511986
2002 Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces mRNA expression of an IkappaB MAIL through toll-like receptor 4. The Journal of veterinary medical science 20 12069074
2001 Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and promoter analysis of the mouse Mail gene. Immunogenetics 20 11797098
2010 Attempted suicide, by mail order: Abrus precatorius. Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology 19 20563676
1982 Effects of characteristics of the survey instrument on response rates to a mail survey of community hospitals. Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) 19 7122824
2022 Genetic variants in the NF-κB signaling pathway (NFKB1, NFKBIA, NFKBIZ) and risk of critical outcome among COVID-19 patients. Human immunology 18 35777990
2004 Transcriptional regulation of the MAIL gene in LPS-stimulated RAW264 mouse macrophages. Gene 18 15527973
2019 NFKBIZ and CW6 in Adalimumab Response Among Psoriasis Patients: Genetic Association and Alternative Transcript Analysis. Molecular diagnosis & therapy 17 31267486
2010 Multiphoton-absorption-induced-luminescence (MAIL) imaging of tumor-targeted gold nanoparticles. Bioconjugate chemistry 17 20964333
2021 Upregulation of NFKBIZ affects bladder cancer progression via the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. International journal of molecular medicine 16 33907827
2009 Feasibility of collecting self-sampled vaginal swabs by mail: quantity and quality of genomic DNA. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology 16 19603206
2023 Mail-Based Self-Sampling to Complete Colorectal Cancer Screening: Accelerating Colorectal Cancer Screening and Follow-up Through Implementation Science. Preventing chronic disease 15 38060411
2017 NFKBIZ in Psoriasis: Assessing the association with gene polymorphisms and report of a new transcript variant. Human immunology 15 28259733
2023 Transcriptome Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells Inducibly Expressing MyD88 L265P Mutation Identifies Upregulated CD44, LGALS3, NFKBIZ, and BATF as Downstream Targets of Oncogenic NF-κB Signaling. International journal of molecular sciences 14 36982699
2012 Providing cell phone numbers and e-mail addresses to patients: The patient's perspective, a cross sectional study. Israel journal of health policy research 14 22929801
2003 Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of the IkappaB protein MAIL in B-lymphocytes and macrophages. Archives of histology and cytology 14 12703554
2001 Repeatability and validity of a combined mail and telephone questionnaire on demographics, diet, exercise and health status in an insured-dog population. Preventive veterinary medicine 14 11448494
2021 A Multiplex Noninvasive Salivary Antibody Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Application in a Population-Based Survey by Mail. Microbiology spectrum 12 34523986
2017 Enhanced IgG1 production by overexpression of nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotechnology 12 29188404
2011 Adherence to medication under mandatory and voluntary mail benefit designs. The American journal of managed care 12 21819173
2010 Here's my phone number, don't call me: physician accessibility in the cell phone and e-mail era. Digestive diseases and sciences 12 20101461
2024 NFKBIZ regulates NFκB signaling pathway to mediate tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by direct interaction with TRIM16. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 11 38581570
2012 Delivering laboratory results by text message and e-mail: a survey of factors associated with conceptual acceptability among STD clinic attendees. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association 11 22827295
2002 Store-and-forward diagnostic telepathology of small biopsies by e-mail attachment: a feasibility pilot study with a view for future application in Thailand diagnostic pathology services. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association 11 12419027
2000 Threat mail and forensic science: DNA profiling from items of evidence after treatment with DFO. Journal of forensic sciences 11 10782971
2024 Regulation of lymphoid-myeloid lineage bias through regnase-1/3-mediated control of Nfkbiz. Blood 10 37922454
2022 A Genetically Engineered, Chain Mail-Like Nanostructured Protein Material with Increased Fatigue Resistance and Enhanced Self-Healing. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 10 35060301
2015 E-mail as the Appropriate Method of Communication for the Decision-Maker When Soliciting Advice for an Intellective Decision Task. Anesthesia and analgesia 10 26287297
2002 The ethics of e-mail communication in psychiatry. The Psychiatric clinics of North America 10 12232978
1999 [Systematic home screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infections of asymptomatic men and women in family practice by means of mail-in urine samples]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 10 10321300
2019 Development of a Fertility Restorer for inap CMS (Isatis indigotica) Brassica napus Through Genetic Introgression of One Alien Addition. Frontiers in plant science 9 30891056
1995 Using electronic mail for a small-group curriculum in ethical and social issues. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 9 7865045
2022 Regulation of NFKBIZ gene promoter activity by STAT3, C/EBPβ, and STAT1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 35537286
2021 Recruiting for diversity: a pilot test of recruitment strategies for a national alcohol survey with mail-in genetic data collection. Journal of community genetics 8 33398649
2018 Determination of anti-HCV and quantification of HCV-RNA and IP-10 from dried blood spots sent by regular mail. PloS one 8 30063765
2015 The role of IFN-γ in regulating Nfkbiz expression in epidermal keratinocytes. Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan) 8 25876660
2015 Nfkbiz regulates the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. The Japanese journal of veterinary research 8 26563030
2023 In Situ 1D Carbon Chain-Mail Catalyst Assembly for Stable Lithium-Sulfur Full Batteries. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 7 37098649
2020 The precise long-term outcomes of adult IgA nephropathy by mail questionnaires: Better renal survival compared to earlier cohort studies. PloS one 6 32413080
2007 Role of NF-kappaB in constitutive expression of MAIL in epidermal keratinocytes. The Journal of veterinary medical science 6 17409644
2025 Epithelial Regnase-1 inhibits colorectal tumor growth by regulating IL-17 signaling via degradation of NFKBIZ mRNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 5 40460118
2024 Safeguarding Mail-Order DNA Synthesis in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association 5 39131179
2010 E-mail and photographs: a case report of a patient-initiated diagnostic tool in the era of electronic communication. Journal of palliative medicine 5 20178438
2004 Conducting a client-focused survey using e-mail. Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN 5 15520570
2003 Delivering the vaccination mail. Trends in biotechnology 5 14573356
2022 Efficient E-Mail Spam Detection Strategy Using Genetic Decision Tree Processing with NLP Features. Computational intelligence and neuroscience 4 35371228
2022 Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 serology using at-home collection kits returned via mail. Scientific reports 4 35982133
2022 Transcriptomic and iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analyses of inap CMS in Brassica napus L. Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 4 36235325
2021 Regulation of the Nfkbiz Gene and Its Protein Product IkBζ in Animal Models of Sepsis and Endotoxic Shock. Infection and immunity 4 33431705
2017 Impact of predictive scoring model and e-mail messages on African American blood donors. Transfusion 4 28474337
2010 Faculty and student expectations and perceptions of e-mail communication in a campus and distance doctor of pharmacy program. American journal of pharmaceutical education 4 21436932
2020 Direct marketing in health and medicine: using direct mail, email marketing, and related communicative methods to engage patients. BMC health services research 3 32928187
2013 Assessing the potential of e-mail for communicating drug therapy recommendations to physicians in patients with heart failure and ventricular-assist devices. Journal of pharmacy practice 3 24319078
2012 Cheek swabs, SNP chips, and CNVs: assessing the quality of copy number variant calls generated with subject-collected mail-in buccal brush DNA samples on a high-density genotyping microarray. BMC medical genetics 3 22734463
2011 The "phone and mail" system in a teledermatology service for chronic psychiatric patients. Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia 3 21505395
2004 Cloning of bovine MAIL and its mRNA expression in white blood cells of Holstein cows. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 3 15010226
2002 [Second malignancies following radiotherapy: an analysis of 54 cases accumulated by mail survey in Japan]. Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai zasshi. Nippon acta radiologica 3 11857951
2024 Assessing the association between common functional Nuclear Factor Kappa-b gene polymorphisms (NFKB1, NFKBIZ, NFKBIA) and Alzheimer´s disease. Behavioural brain research 2 39322062
2021 Diagnosis of Taenia solium infections based on "mail order" RNA-sequencing of single tapeworm egg isolates from stool samples. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2 34890398
2026 NFKBIZ mediates neuroprotection and maintains blood-brain barrier integrity in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via STAT3-regulated Nrf2/ARE signaling. Experimental neurology 1 41513081
2025 You've got mail: comparing individuals who do and do not provide DNA saliva samples by mail in a study of severe alcohol use disorder. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 1 40448937
2025 Peer-delivered mail-order self-collection and linkage to treatment for hepatitis C virus infection among users of a harm reduction service in Denmark. The International journal on drug policy 1 40683182
2023 The Application of a Multi-Material Flexible Chain Mail for the Design of an Artificial Spinal Disc to Reproduce Natural Nonlinear and Anisotropic Rotational Behavior. 3D printing and additive manufacturing 1 38143713
2008 Cell phone e-mail as a means to collect information on pregnancy and delivery: a pilot study in Japan. Fukuoka igaku zasshi = Hukuoka acta medica 1 18404894
1966 Mail-order chromosome analysis. Canadian Medical Association journal 1 5907946

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