Affinage

NEFM

Neurofilament medium polypeptide · UniProt P07197

Length
916 aa
Mass
102.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
64 papers in source corpus 25 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

NEFM (NF-M) is a type IV neuronal intermediate filament subunit that obligatorily co-assembles with NF-L to build the axonal neurofilament network and to regulate its architecture and caliber (PMID:2516804, PMID:7721944). Its modular architecture comprises a non-α-helical arginine-rich head, a coiled-coil rod, and an extended, glutamic-acid- and lysine-rich C-terminal tail (PMID:6439558); the rod domain is essential and sufficient for filament co-assembly, since rod deletions act as dominant-negative disruptors of filament arrays while head and tail deletions still permit incorporation (PMID:2121743). The acidic tail domain performs two distinct architectural functions: it forms the inter-filament cross-bridges that set inter-filament spacing and it promotes longitudinal elongation and straightening of core filaments, as shown by reconstitution of cross-bridged 10-nm filament bundles from NF-L plus NF-M in cells lacking endogenous intermediate filaments (PMID:7721944). NF-M abundance governs neurofilament stoichiometry in vivo, competing with NF-H for a limiting NF-L pool and regulating NF-L levels and NF-H phosphorylation state (PMID:7559762, PMID:7790359). The tail KSP repeat motifs are the substrate of a topographically organized phosphorylation program: ERK1/2 phosphorylates the KSPXXXK-type repeats while CDK5 acts on KSPXK motifs (PMID:9592082), with ERK activation driven by MEK signaling downstream of integrin-matrix engagement, membrane depolarization/L-type calcium influx, and growth-factor stimulation (PMID:10231383, PMID:10381546, PMID:11158240). Transient PKA phosphorylation of the head domain inhibits premature tail KSP phosphorylation in the cell body (PMID:12695506), whereas tail KSP phosphorylation in myelinated internodes is the essential effector of the myelination-dependent outside-in cascade that drives radial axonal growth and sets axonal caliber and conduction velocity (PMID:14662745). Beyond neurons, NF-M co-immunoprecipitates with the dopamine D1 receptor in adrenocortical cells and negatively regulates aldosterone secretion by facilitating D1R internalization (PMID:28584012), and ALS-associated miRNA dysregulation elevates NEFM protein and perturbs neurofilament subunit stoichiometry (PMID:30029677).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1984 High

    Establishing NF-M's domain architecture defined which regions could mediate filament assembly versus extra-filamentous interactions, the foundational map for all later mechanism.

    Evidence Direct protein sequencing of porcine NF-M with structural analysis

    PMID:6439558

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not test domain function experimentally
    • Tail interaction partners not identified
  2. 1987 High

    cDNA cloning showed the glutamic-acid-rich C-terminal extension, not phosphorylation, accounts for NF-M's anomalous SDS-PAGE migration, separating intrinsic sequence from post-translational effects.

    Evidence cDNA cloning/sequencing and in vitro translation co-migration in rabbit reticulocyte lysate

    PMID:2441012

    Open questions at the time
    • Native phosphorylation contributions to migration not quantified
  3. 1989 High

    Expression in non-neuronal fibroblasts demonstrated NF-M assembles and co-polymerizes with vimentin without neuron-specific factors, isolating assembly competence to the protein itself.

    Evidence Stable transfection of L cells/3T6 fibroblasts with immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy

    PMID:2493000 PMID:2516804

    Open questions at the time
    • Used heterologous vimentin rather than physiological NF-L/NF-H context
    • Did not define minimal assembly determinants
  4. 1990 High

    Systematic deletion mutagenesis pinpointed the rod domain as essential and dominant for assembly, while head and tail are dispensable for incorporation, defining the assembly-critical region.

    Evidence Site-directed deletion mutagenesis with dominant-negative titration in transfected fibroblasts

    PMID:2121743

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve tail's positive architectural role
    • Mechanism of dominant-negative interference not structurally defined
  5. 1995 High

    Reconstitution in IF-free Sf9 cells assigned the tail two architectural functions—cross-bridge formation/spacing and longitudinal elongation—explaining how NF-M shapes the ordered axonal network.

    Evidence NF-L plus NF-M transfection in Sf9 cells with tail deletion mutagenesis and electron microscopy

    PMID:7721944

    Open questions at the time
    • Cross-bridge partner identity in vivo unresolved
    • Role of phosphorylation in spacing not tested here
  6. 1995 High

    Transgenic overexpression showed NF-M sets neurofilament stoichiometry, competing with NF-H for limiting NF-L and modulating NF-L levels and NF-H phosphorylation in vivo.

    Evidence Two transgenic mouse models with morphometry, electron microscopy, and Western blotting

    PMID:7559762 PMID:7790359

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of NF-L stabilization by NF-M not defined
    • Overexpression may not reflect endogenous regulation
  7. 1998 High

    Defining ERK1/2 and CDK5 as KSP-motif kinases with distinct sequence preferences established the enzymatic basis of tail-domain phosphorylation and its link to neurite outgrowth.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays with KSP peptides/proteins plus MEK-inhibitor treatment of primary neurons

    PMID:9592082

    Open questions at the time
    • Site occupancy in vivo not mapped
    • Functional consequence of individual sites unresolved
  8. 1999 High

    Multiple upstream stimuli—MEK1/EGF, depolarization-driven L-type calcium influx—were shown to converge on ERK1/2 to phosphorylate NF-M KSP repeats, embedding the tail in physiological signaling.

    Evidence Constitutively active/dominant-negative MEK1 and pharmacology in NIH 3T3 and PC12 cells with phospho-specific Western blots

    PMID:10231383 PMID:10381546

    Open questions at the time
    • Spatial control within neurons not resolved
    • PC12 link is Medium-confidence single-lab pharmacology
  9. 2001 Medium

    Integrin engagement of laminin/fibronectin was shown to drive NF-M tail phosphorylation via MEK/ERK, connecting extracellular matrix contact to neurofilament regulation.

    Evidence Motoneuron culture on ECM and NIH 3T3 transfection with MEK inhibition and phospho-specific blots

    PMID:11158240

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab; in vivo relevance not tested
    • Receptor-to-MEK linkage not biochemically reconstituted
  10. 2003 High

    Head-domain PKA phosphorylation was shown to inhibit premature tail KSP phosphorylation, revealing topographic regulation that prevents premature assembly in the cell body.

    Evidence Forskolin/PKA activation and site mutagenesis in cortical neurons and NIH 3T3 cells with Western blotting

    PMID:12695506

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo significance of head-tail crosstalk not assessed
    • Phosphatase counterpart not identified here
  11. 2003 High

    Gene-replacement deletion of NF-M tail KSP sites established these residues as the essential target of myelination-dependent outside-in signaling that drives radial axonal growth and conduction velocity.

    Evidence Knock-in mice lacking NF-M KSP sites with morphometry and electrophysiology

    PMID:14662745

    Open questions at the time
    • Which axonal binding partners read the phospho-state unresolved
    • Molecular link from myelin to NF-M phosphorylation not fully mapped
  12. 2008 Medium

    NMDA-receptor/calcineurin signaling was linked to NF-M dephosphorylation, identifying an activity-dependent phosphatase arm balancing the kinase inputs and affecting solubility and neurite length.

    Evidence Chronic NMDA-antagonist and calcineurin-inhibitor treatment of cortical neurons with dephosphorylation assay and neurite measurement

    PMID:18412220

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct calcineurin–NF-M action not demonstrated
    • Single-lab correlative pharmacology
  13. 2004 Medium

    Identification of calpain cleavage sites in the tail E-segment defined a proteolytic pathway that can fragment NF-M, with one fragment confirmed in vivo.

    Evidence In vitro calpain cleavage with direct peptide sequencing and in vivo Western detection

    PMID:15530438

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological/pathological role of cleavage not established
    • Regulation of calpain access not addressed
  14. 2017 High

    Discovery of NF-M binding to the dopamine D1 receptor extended its function beyond cytoskeletal architecture to receptor trafficking and aldosterone control in adrenocortical cells.

    Evidence Co-IP and siRNA knockdown in H295R cells with aldosterone secretion assay and D1R localization imaging

    PMID:28584012

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs. indirect D1R interaction not resolved
    • Whether filament assembly is required for D1R internalization unknown
  15. 2018 Medium

    ALS-linked miRNAs were shown to directly regulate NEFM mRNA, connecting subunit stoichiometry control to disease-associated protein accumulation.

    Evidence miRNA target validation and Western blotting of ALS spinal cord homogenates

    PMID:30029677

    Open questions at the time
    • Causality of stoichiometry change in pathology not established
    • Single-lab; correlative tissue data

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The molecular identity of the axonal partners that read NF-M tail phosphorylation to execute cross-bridging and radial growth, and the link from myelin signals to specific KSP sites, remain unresolved.
  • No cross-bridge binding partner identified
  • Outside-in signaling pathway from myelin to NF-M kinases incomplete
  • High-resolution structure of assembled NF-L/NF-M filament lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
DRD1NEFHNEFLVIM
Complex memberships
neurofilament

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1987 Rat NF-M protein has a calculated molecular weight of 95,600 Da but migrates anomalously on SDS-PAGE; it contains a conserved rod segment and an unusual C-terminal extension rich in glutamic acid that contributes to anomalous migration. In vitro translation of the full-length cDNA produces a product that comigrates with native NF-M even without phosphorylation. cDNA cloning, sequencing, in vitro transcription/translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, SDS-PAGE The Journal of neuroscience High 2441012
1984 NF-M has a non-alpha-helical arginine-rich head (residues 1–98), a coiled-coil rod domain (residues 99–412), and a ~500-residue carboxy-terminal tailpiece extension rich in lysine and glutamic acid; the rod domain mediates coiled-coil interactions with NF-L for co-polymerization into filaments, while the acidic tailpiece forms an autonomous extra-filamentous domain capable of interactions with other neuronal components. Direct protein sequencing of porcine NF-M (amino-terminal 436 residues), structural analysis The EMBO journal High 6439558
1987 The mouse NF-M gene contains two introns, both located within the conserved rod domain-coding region, in positions that align with two of the NF-L gene introns; the NF-M and NF-L genes are chromosomally linked, and the anomalous intron arrangement compared to other intermediate filament genes suggests an RNA-mediated transposition event in neurofilament gene evolution. Genomic cloning, sequencing, chromosomal linkage analysis European journal of biochemistry Medium 3036526
1989 NF-M expressed in fibroblasts (non-neuronal cells) assembles into intermediate filament arrays and co-polymerizes with endogenous vimentin, demonstrating that NF-M assembly does not require neuron-specific factors. Stable DNA transfection into L cells and 3T6 fibroblasts, immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy European journal of cell biology High 2516804
1989 NF-L and NF-M coassemble with vimentin when expressed in fibroblasts, forming copolymeric intermediate filaments; NF-L accumulation to ~9% of cell protein did not affect cell viability, and vimentin solubility was altered, indicating physical incorporation of NF-L into vimentin filaments. Transient and stable DNA transfection of mouse fibroblasts, immunofluorescence, solubility fractionation The Journal of cell biology High 2493000
1990 Deletions into the alpha-helical rod domain of NF-M generate assembly-incompetent or dominant-negative polypeptides; carboxy-terminal rod deletions produce dominant mutants that disrupt vimentin/NF-L filament arrays even at ~1% of wild-type subunit levels, while amino-terminal rod deletions produce pseudo-recessive mutants. Tail and head domain deletions (up to 90% and 70% respectively) do not prevent incorporation into filament networks, establishing the rod domain as essential for assembly. Site-directed mutagenesis, transient transfection of mouse fibroblasts, immunofluorescence with epitope-tagged constructs The Journal of cell biology High 2121743
1992 Phosphorylated fragments of the human NF-M C-terminal repeat domain (13-mer and 17-mer KSP-containing peptides) undergo Al3+- and Ca2+-induced conformational changes from random coil to beta-pleated sheet, forming precipitating intermolecular complexes; unphosphorylated peptides do not exhibit this behavior with Al3+. Circular dichroism spectroscopy with metal-ion titration of synthetic phosphopeptides Journal of molecular biology Medium 1542114
1992 NF-M protein is expressed in myelin-forming Schwann cells (before myelination commitment), co-localizes with vimentin by immunoelectron microscopy, and is induced by elevated intracellular cAMP. Sequencing of the Schwann cell NF-M cDNA confirmed identity with neuronal NF-M. Immunoelectron microscopy, immunological comparison, cAMP stimulation, cDNA cloning and sequencing from Schwann cell library The Journal of cell biology High 1321159
1994 cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA/A-kinase) phosphorylates NF-M (stoichiometry ~6 mol/mol) in native neurofilaments; phosphorylation of NF-L by A-kinase occurs at the head domain and causes partial filament fragmentation in native neurofilaments and disassembly of reassembled filaments containing all three subunits. In vitro phosphorylation assay, sedimentation experiments, electron microscopy of native and reassembled neurofilaments Molecular biology of the cell High 8019002
1995 The carboxyl-terminal tail domain of NF-M has two distinct functions: (1) it constitutes the cross-bridge structures between neurofilament core filaments controlling inter-filament spacing, and (2) it promotes longitudinal elongation and straightening of core filaments. Expression of NF-L and NF-M together in Sf9 cells (lacking endogenous intermediate filaments) reconstitutes parallel 10-nm filament bundles with cross-bridges resembling axonal neurofilament domains; neither NF-L nor NF-M alone can form these ordered structures. Transfection of insect Sf9 cells, deletion mutagenesis of NF-M tail domain, electron microscopy The Journal of cell biology High 7721944
1995 Transgenic overexpression of NF-M in mice causes proportionate decreases in axonal NF-H (not NF-L levels), reduces axonal cross-sectional area, and produces neurofilamentous swellings in motor neuron perikarya and proximal axons, without affecting nearest-neighbor spacing between neurofilaments or NF-H phosphorylation levels. This demonstrates that NF-H and NF-M compete for co-assembly with a limiting NF-L pool and that NF-H abundance, not NF-M, is the primary determinant of axonal caliber. Transgenic mice, morphometric analysis, electron microscopy, Western blotting The Journal of cell biology High 7559762
1995 Overexpression of human NFM in transgenic mice elevates mouse NFL protein levels in the CNS (specific to NFM overexpression, not seen with NFL or NFH overexpression), reduces the most heavily phosphorylated NFH isoforms, and increases NF packing density in large-diameter CNS axons, suggesting NFM plays a dominant role in regulating NFL stoichiometry and NFH phosphorylation state in vivo. Transgenic mice, Western blotting, electron microscopy The Journal of cell biology High 7790359
1996 cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of NF-M (or NF-L) inhibits co-assembly of NF-L and NF-M into heteropolymer filaments in vitro; phosphorylated proteins still form hetero-oligomeric assembly intermediates, indicating phosphorylation blocks a late stage of filament elongation/assembly rather than initial oligomerization. In vitro phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, sedimentation velocity, gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 8670258
1997 NF-H can coassemble with vimentin and NF-L but not directly with NF-M into filamentous networks; the N-terminal head domain of NF-H is necessary for coassembly with NF-L or vimentin, while the C-terminal tail is important for forming an extensive NF-L/NF-H network. NF-L is the preferred assembly partner of NF-H over vimentin and NF-M. Transient co-transfection of deletion mutant NF-H constructs with NF-L and/or NF-M in cells, immunofluorescence Journal of neurochemistry Medium 9048736
1998 ERK1 and ERK2 (mitogen-activated protein kinases) phosphorylate all types of KSP repeat motifs (KSPXK, KSPXXK, KSPXXXK, KSPXXXXK) in the C-terminal tail domains of NF-M and NF-H in vitro, using synthetic peptides, expressed polypeptides, and dephosphorylated native NF proteins; ERK2 preferentially phosphorylates KSPXXXK, while CDK5 only phosphorylates KSPXK motifs. MEK inhibitor PD98059 inhibited NF-H, NF-M, and MAP phosphorylation in primary hippocampal neurons and decreased neurite outgrowth. Column chromatography fractionation of rat brain extracts, in vitro kinase assay with synthetic KSP peptides and expressed proteins, Western blot, MEK inhibitor treatment of primary neurons The Journal of neuroscience High 9592082
1999 Activation of the Erk1/2 (MAP kinase) cascade by constitutively active MEK1 is sufficient to phosphorylate NF-M KSP tail domain repeats in transfected NIH 3T3 cells; EGF-induced endogenous Erk1/2 activation also phosphorylates co-transfected NF-M tail domains in vivo. Co-transfection of constitutively active/dominant-negative MEK1 with NF-M in NIH 3T3 cells, Western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies European journal of biochemistry High 10231383
1999 Membrane depolarization and calcium influx through L-type voltage-gated calcium channels activate endogenous Erk1/2 in PC12 cells, leading to phosphorylation of NF-M KSP tail domain repeats; this phosphorylation is blocked by the L-type channel inhibitor nifedipine and the MEK1 inhibitor PD98059. PC12 cell depolarization, calcium channel pharmacology, Western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies Brain research. Molecular brain research Medium 10381546
1999 NF-M and NF-H subunits, when co-expressed with peripherin in SW13 cells, disrupt peripherin's intermediate filament assembly, whereas NF-L co-assembles with peripherin, demonstrating that the large NF subunits negatively interfere with peripherin filament formation. Co-transfection in SW13 cells devoid of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments, immunofluorescence Biochemistry and cell biology Medium 10426285
2001 Integrin-matrix interactions (laminin in motoneurons; fibronectin in NIH 3T3 cells) promote KSP tail-domain phosphorylation of NF-M via activation of MEK1 and downstream ERK1/2; this phosphorylation is selectively inhibited by PD98059. Primary rat spinal cord motoneuron culture on ECM substrates, NF-M transfection in NIH 3T3 cells, Western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies, MEK inhibitor treatment Journal of neurochemistry Medium 11158240
2003 PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the NF-M head domain inhibits KSP tail domain phosphorylation in rat cortical neurons (via forskolin activation of PKA) and in NIH 3T3 cells transfected with NF-M; mutation of PKA-specific head domain serine residues abolishes this inhibition, establishing a regulatory mechanism whereby transient head domain phosphorylation in the cell body prevents premature tail domain KSP phosphorylation and premature filament assembly. PKA activation by forskolin in cortical neurons, site-directed mutagenesis of PKA phosphorylation sites in NF-M, transfection into NIH 3T3 cells, EGF stimulation, Western blotting The Journal of biological chemistry High 12695506
2003 The tail domain of NF-M (containing 7 KSP motifs) is an essential target for the myelination-dependent 'outside-in' signaling cascade that determines axonal caliber and conduction velocity; gene replacement mice expressing NF-M with deleted KSP phosphorylation sites show failure to achieve normal radial axonal growth in myelinated internodes. Gene replacement (knock-in) in mice to delete KSP phosphorylation sites in NF-M tail domain; morphometric and electrophysiological analysis The Journal of cell biology High 14662745
2008 Chronic blockade of NMDA receptors in developing mouse cortical neurons (with MK801 or AP5) increases NF-M phosphorylation state (demonstrated by molecular weight shift reversed by dephosphorylation assay) and enhances NF-M solubility, which is associated with longer neurite outgrowth; calcineurin inhibition (cyclosporin) also increases NF-M phosphorylation, suggesting that NMDA receptor activation promotes calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of NF-M to stabilize the cytoskeleton. Chronic pharmacological treatment of mouse cortical neuron cultures, dephosphorylation assay, Western blotting, neurite length measurement Cell motility and the cytoskeleton Medium 18412220
2004 Bovine NF-M contains two in vitro calpain cleavage sites located within the glutamic acid-rich E segment of the tail domain, as determined by direct peptide sequencing; one of the resulting fragments is also detectable in vivo. In vitro calpain cleavage assay, direct peptide sequencing of cleavage products, in vivo detection by Western blot Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 15530438
2017 NEFM (NF-M) co-immunoprecipitates with the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) in adrenocortical H295R cells; silencing NEFM increases basal aldosterone secretion, amplifies D1R agonist-stimulated aldosterone production, and shifts D1R localization from intracellular to membranous, indicating NF-M acts as a negative regulator of aldosterone secretion by facilitating D1R internalization from the plasma membrane. Co-immunoprecipitation, NEFM siRNA knockdown in H295R cells, aldosterone secretion assay, immunohistochemistry for D1R membrane vs. intracellular localization Hypertension High 28584012
2018 A small group of ALS-linked miRNAs directly regulate NEFM and NEFH mRNA levels in human spinal motor neurons; their dysregulation is associated with increased NFM and NFH protein levels in ALS spinal cord homogenates, contributing to altered stoichiometry of NF subunit expression. miRNA target validation, Western blotting of ALS spinal cord homogenates Molecular brain Medium 30029677

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 64 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1993 Myb and NF-M: combinatorial activators of myeloid genes in heterologous cell types. Genes & development 259 7684005
1994 Novel mechanism of C/EBP beta (NF-M) transcriptional control: activation through derepression. Genes & development 212 7958933
1996 Interaction of the co-activator CBP with Myb proteins: effects on Myb-specific transactivation and on the cooperativity with NF-M. The EMBO journal 194 8654374
1993 The NF-M transcription factor is related to C/EBP beta and plays a role in signal transduction, differentiation and leukemogenesis of avian myelomonocytic cells. The EMBO journal 172 8467792
1998 Mitogen-activated protein kinases (Erk1,2) phosphorylate Lys-Ser-Pro (KSP) repeats in neurofilament proteins NF-H and NF-M. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 171 9592082
1987 Complete amino acid sequence and in vitro expression of rat NF-M, the middle molecular weight neurofilament protein. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 150 2441012
1987 Structure and evolutionary origin of the gene encoding mouse NF-M, the middle-molecular-mass neurofilament protein. European journal of biochemistry 133 3036526
1995 Increasing neurofilament subunit NF-M expression reduces axonal NF-H, inhibits radial growth, and results in neurofilamentous accumulation in motor neurons. The Journal of cell biology 131 7559762
2003 NF-M is an essential target for the myelin-directed "outside-in" signaling cascade that mediates radial axonal growth. The Journal of cell biology 124 14662745
1990 Characterization of dominant and recessive assembly-defective mutations in mouse neurofilament NF-M. The Journal of cell biology 121 2121743
1989 Expression of NF-L and NF-M in fibroblasts reveals coassembly of neurofilament and vimentin subunits. The Journal of cell biology 120 2493000
1984 Hybrid character of a large neurofilament protein (NF-M): intermediate filament type sequence followed by a long and acidic carboxy-terminal extension. The EMBO journal 108 6439558
1989 Expression of rat neurofilament proteins NF-L and NF-M in transfected non-neuronal cells. European journal of cell biology 106 2516804
1995 Two distinct functions of the carboxyl-terminal tail domain of NF-M upon neurofilament assembly: cross-bridge formation and longitudinal elongation of filaments. The Journal of cell biology 101 7721944
1992 Autocrine growth induced by kinase type oncogenes in myeloid cells requires AP-1 and NF-M, a myeloid specific, C/EBP-like factor. The EMBO journal 87 1346759
1995 NF-M (chicken C/EBP beta) induces eosinophilic differentiation and apoptosis in a hematopoietic progenitor cell line. The EMBO journal 83 8557032
1995 Overexpression of the human NFM subunit in transgenic mice modifies the level of endogenous NFL and the phosphorylation state of NFH subunits. The Journal of cell biology 82 7790359
1994 Severe immunodeficiency associated with a human immunodeficiency virus 1 NEF/3'-long terminal repeat transgene. The Journal of experimental medicine 80 8113676
1995 Casein kinase II phosphorylation site mutations in c-Myb affect DNA binding and transcriptional cooperativity with NF-M. Molecular and cellular biology 78 7565749
1999 Interactions between peripherin and neurofilaments in cultured cells: disruption of peripherin assembly by the NF-M and NF-H subunits. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 74 10426285
1994 Phosphorylation of native and reassembled neurofilaments composed of NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Molecular biology of the cell 60 8019002
1992 Metal ion-induced conformational changes of phosphorylated fragments of human neurofilament (NF-M) protein. Journal of molecular biology 58 1542114
1999 Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (Erk1 and Erk2) cascade results in phosphorylation of NF-M tail domains in transfected NIH 3T3 cells. European journal of biochemistry 53 10231383
1992 Schwann cells of the myelin-forming phenotype express neurofilament protein NF-M. The Journal of cell biology 53 1321159
2015 Neurofilament medium polypeptide (NFM) protein concentration is increased in CSF and serum samples from patients with brain injury. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 52 25720124
2010 Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of neuronal intermediate filament proteins (NF-M/H) in Alzheimer's disease by iTRAQ. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 52 20624930
1990 Isolation of the chicken middle-molecular weight neurofilament (NF-M) gene and characterization of its promoter. Nucleic acids research 52 2106668
2003 Phosphorylation of the head domain of neurofilament protein (NF-M): a factor regulating topographic phosphorylation of NF-M tail domain KSP sites in neurons. The Journal of biological chemistry 43 12695506
1997 Transient expression of the neurofilament proteins NF-L and NF-M by Schwann cells is regulated by axonal contact. Journal of neuroscience research 38 9373038
1994 The far upstream chicken lysozyme enhancer at -6.1 kilobase, by interacting with NF-M, mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of the chicken lysozyme gene in chicken myelomonocytic cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 7983075
2018 Dysregulation of human NEFM and NEFH mRNA stability by ALS-linked miRNAs. Molecular brain 34 30029677
1988 Expression and phosphorylation of the mid-sized neurofilament protein NF-M during chick spinal cord neurogenesis. Journal of neuroscience research 33 3145982
2001 Neurofilament proteins NF-L, NF-M and NF-H in brain of patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Amino acids 29 11764410
1992 Constitutive monocyte-restricted activity of NF-M, a nuclear factor that binds to a C/EBP motif. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 28 1607656
1991 Lithium chloride inhibits the phosphorylation of newly synthesized neurofilament protein, NF-M, in cultured chick sensory neurons. Journal of neurochemistry 24 1646857
1994 Dose-dependent selective suppression of light (NFL) and medium (NFM) but not heavy (NFH) molecular weight neurofilament mRNA levels in acute aluminum neurotoxicity. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 22 7804601
2017 NEFM (Neurofilament Medium) Polypeptide, a Marker for Zona Glomerulosa Cells in Human Adrenal, Inhibits D1R (Dopamine D1 Receptor)-Mediated Secretion of Aldosterone. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 21 28584012
1997 Assembly properties of amino- and carboxyl-terminally truncated neurofilament NF-H proteins with NF-L and NF-M in the presence and absence of vimentin. Journal of neurochemistry 20 9048736
1994 Study of Al3+ binding and conformational properties of the alanine-substituted C-terminal domain of the NF-M protein and its relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry 19 8068639
2008 Phosphorylation of neurofilament subunit NF-M is regulated by activation of NMDA receptors and modulates cytoskeleton stability and neuronal shape. Cell motility and the cytoskeleton 17 18412220
2004 Characterization of the bovine neurofilament NF-M protein and cDNA sequence, and identification of in vitro and in vivo calpain cleavage sites. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 17 15530438
1997 Sequence and expression patterns of two forms of the middle molecular weight neurofilament protein (NF-M) of Xenopus laevis. Brain research. Molecular brain research 16 9332720
1996 cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins NF-L and NF-M inhibits their coassembly into filaments in vitro. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 8670258
2007 Enriched expression and developmental regulation of the middle-weight neurofilament (NF-M) gene in song control nuclei of the zebra finch. The Journal of comparative neurology 15 17120287
2006 Association of the dopamine receptor interacting protein gene, NEF3, with early response to antipsychotic medication. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 15 16734940
1999 Calcium influx and membrane depolarization induce phosphorylation of neurofilament (NF-M) KSP repeats in PC12 cells. Brain research. Molecular brain research 15 10381546
2016 The Caenorhabditis elegans NF2/Merlin Molecule NFM-1 Nonautonomously Regulates Neuroblast Migration and Interacts Genetically with the Guidance Cue SLT-1/Slit. Genetics 12 27913619
2001 Integrins stimulate phosphorylation of neurofilament NF-M subunit KSP repeats through activation of extracellular regulated-kinases (Erk1/Erk2) in cultured motoneurons and transfected NIH 3T3 cells. Journal of neurochemistry 12 11158240
1999 C/EBPbeta (NF-M) is essential for activation of the p20K lipocalin gene in growth-arrested chicken embryo fibroblasts. Molecular and cellular biology 12 10409760
1996 Regulation of C/EBP beta/NF-M activity by kinase oncogenes. Current topics in microbiology and immunology 11 8585943
1999 Neurofilaments of aged rats: the strengthened interneurofilament interaction and the reduced amount of NF-M. Journal of neuroscience research 10 10502290
1995 Expression of subtypes NF-L, NF-M and NF-H of neurofilament triplet proteins in the developing rat inner ear. ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties 10 7478449
2016 Nanofluidic Fluorescence Microscopy (NFM) for real-time monitoring of protein binding kinetics and affinity studies. Biosensors & bioelectronics 9 27520501
2022 LncRNA-ANAPC2 and lncRNA-NEFM positively regulates the inflammatory response via the miR-451/npr2/ hdac8 axis in grass carp. Fish & shellfish immunology 8 35843524
1991 A possible mechanism of action of the neurotoxic agent iminodipropionitrile (IDPN): a selective aggregation of the medium and heavy neurofilament polypeptides (NF-M and NF-H). Brain research 8 1884214
2017 NFM Cross-Reactivity to MOG Does Not Expand a Critical Threshold Level of High-Affinity T Cells Necessary for Onset of Demyelinating Disease. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 6 28887429
2009 Hypophosphorylation of NF-H and NF-M subunits of neurofilaments and the associated decrease in KSPXK kinase activity in the sciatic nerves of swiss white mice inoculated in the foot pad with mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy review 6 20306637
1997 NF-M trans-activates the human DNA topoisomerase II alpha promoter independently of c-Myb in HL-60 cells. Leukemia research 5 9379678
2024 Investigating gene signatures associated with immunity in colon adenocarcinoma to predict the immunotherapy effectiveness using NFM and WGCNA algorithms. Aging 2 38742936
2004 Fine localization of Nefl and Nef3 and its exclusion as candidate gene for lens rupture 2(lr2). Experimental animals 1 15297702
1994 Dimethylhexanedione impairs the movement of neurofilament protein subunits, NFM and NFL, in the optic system. Neurotoxicology 1 7991216
2026 Exclusion of CLIC5 as a Candidate Gene and Identification of NEFM as a Possible Novel Gene Correlated With Autosomal Recessive Pure Cerebellar Ataxia in a Highly Consanguineous Family. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 0 41913087
2026 NEFL⁺NEFM⁺ myeloid-reprogrammed cells promote ccRCC progression through CX3CL1-CX3CR1-mediated Tregs chemotaxis. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 0 42189461
1999 c-Myb protein binds to the EP element of the HBV enhancer and regulates transcription in synergy with NF-M. Biochimica et biophysica acta 0 10395921

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