| 2011 |
MIEF1 (MiD51) is anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane and directly recruits Drp1 to mitochondria independently of hFis1, Mff, and Mfn2; elevated MIEF1 inhibits Drp1 activity and promotes mitochondrial fusion, while MIEF1 depletion causes fragmentation. MIEF1 also interacts with hFis1, and elevated hFis1 partially reverses MIEF1-induced fusion. |
Overexpression/knockdown with confocal imaging of mitochondrial morphology, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation |
The EMBO journal |
High |
21701560
|
| 2011 |
MiD49 and MiD51 form foci and rings around mitochondria, directly recruit Drp1 to the mitochondrial surface, and their knockdown reduces Drp1 association leading to unopposed fusion; overexpression sequesters Drp1 and causes fused tubules to associate with actin. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression with fluorescence microscopy |
EMBO reports |
High |
21508961
|
| 2013 |
MiD49 and MiD51 can mediate Drp1 recruitment and mitochondrial fission independently of Fis1 and Mff, as shown in Fis1/Mff double-null cells; Fis1 and Mff regulate the number and size of Drp1 puncta on mitochondria. |
Genetic knockout (Fis1-null, Mff-null, Fis1/Mff-null cells), immunofluorescence of Drp1 puncta |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
23283981
|
| 2013 |
MiD49/51 overexpression blocks fission by sequestering Drp1 specifically at mitochondria in a dominant-negative manner, causing unopposed fusion requiring mitofusins 1 and 2. MiD49/51 are not targeted to peroxisomes; when artificially targeted to peroxisomes or lysosomes, they specifically recruit Drp1 to those organelles. |
Overexpression at varying levels, mitofusin 1/2 KO epistasis, organelle retargeting constructs, fluorescence microscopy |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
23921378
|
| 2014 |
Crystal structure of the cytosolic domain of human MiD51 reveals a nucleotidyltransferase fold that lacks catalytic residues but specifically binds GDP and ADP. A region outside the nucleotidyltransferase fold is required for Drp1 recruitment and assembly of MiD51 into foci. MiD51 foci depend on Drp1 presence and are distributed to daughter organelles after fission. |
X-ray crystallography, nucleotide-binding assays, mutagenesis, live-cell imaging |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
24515348
|
| 2014 |
MiD51 contains a nucleotidyltransferase domain that binds ADP with high affinity. MiD51 recruits Drp1 via a surface loop independently of ADP binding, but without nucleotide binding the recruited Drp1 cannot be activated for fission. Purified MiD51 strongly inhibits Drp1 assembly and GTP hydrolysis in the absence of ADP; ADP addition relieves this inhibition and promotes Drp1 assembly into spirals with enhanced GTP hydrolysis. |
X-ray crystallography, in vitro GTPase assay, Drp1 assembly assay with purified proteins, mutagenesis |
Structure |
High |
24508339
|
| 2016 |
MiD51 can suppress Mff-dependent enhancement of Drp1 GTPase activity. Proximity-based biotin labeling (BioID) shows close associations between MiD51, Mff, and Drp1, but not Fis1. Loss of MiD49 and MiD51 confers increased resistance to intrinsic apoptotic stimuli. |
BioID proximity labeling, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, in vitro Drp1 GTPase assay, apoptosis assays |
Journal of cell science |
High |
27076521
|
| 2015 |
During UV-induced apoptosis, the interaction between Drp1 and MiD51/MIEF1 decreases significantly, while interaction between Fis1 and MiD51/MIEF1 increases markedly, suggesting Fis1 competitively binds MiD51/MIEF1 to activate Drp1 indirectly. Phosphorylation of Drp1-Ser637 is essential for its interaction with Mff. |
Co-immunoprecipitation before and after UV irradiation, phospho-specific antibodies, western blotting |
FASEB journal |
Medium |
26432782
|
| 2018 |
MIEF1-MP (MIEF1 microprotein), encoded by a small ORF in the 5'UTR of MIEF1 mRNA, localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and interacts with the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). Loss of MIEF1-MP decreases mitochondrial translation rate; elevated MIEF1-MP increases translation rate. |
APEX2 proximity labeling, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, mitochondrial translation assay, subcellular fractionation |
Biochemistry |
High |
30215512
|
| 2018 |
The predominant translational product of the MIEF1 gene in human cells and colon tissue is not the canonical 463 aa MiD51 protein but the small 70 aa alternative ORF protein (altMiD51), as determined by absolute quantification with stable isotope-labeled peptides. |
Stable isotope-labeled peptide absolute quantification, parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry |
Molecular & cellular proteomics |
High |
30181344
|
| 2019 |
MIEF1 loss triggers imbalance of BCL2 family members on mitochondria, leading to BAX translocation to mitochondria, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of DIABLO/SMAC and cytochrome c. MIEF1 deficiency also impairs mitochondrial respiration, induces oxidative stress, and sensitizes cells to PINK1-PRKN-mediated mitophagy. Staurosporine-induced MIEF1 degradation occurs via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. |
CRISPR KO, siRNA knockdown, flow cytometry, western blotting, mitochondrial respiration assay, immunofluorescence |
Autophagy |
Medium |
30894073
|
| 2019 |
The interaction between Drp1 and MiD51 is regulated by GTP binding and depends on Drp1 polymerization. Two regions on MiD51 directly bind Drp1, and dimerization of MiD51 (dependent on residue C452) is required for mitochondrial dynamics regulation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis (C452), GTP-binding assays, fluorescence microscopy |
PloS one |
Medium |
30703167
|
| 2021 |
In intact mammalian cells, Drp1 exists as a mixture of oligomeric assemblies. Mff preferentially binds higher-order Drp1 oligomers, while MIEFs (MIEF1 and MIEF2) bind a wider range including lower oligomeric states and recruit both active and inactive Drp1 mutants. Forced recruitment of Drp1 to mitochondria by MIEFs facilitates Drp1 oligomerization. MIEFs serve as a platform facilitating Drp1 binding to Mff; loss of MIEFs severely impairs the Drp1-Mff interaction. |
In vivo chemical crosslinking, co-immunoprecipitation, Drp1 oligomerization mutants, fluorescence microscopy in Mff/MIEF1/2-deficient cells |
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology |
Medium |
34805137
|
| 2024 |
Long-chain acyl-CoA (LCACA) activates MiD51 by inducing its oligomerization via binding in the nucleotide-binding pocket (confirmed by a point mutation reducing binding and oligomerization). LCACA-induced MiD51 oligomers stimulate DRP1 GTPase activity; a LCACA-binding mutant fails to assemble into mitochondrial puncta or rescue MiD49/51 KD effects. MiD51 oligomers synergize with Mff but not actin filaments in DRP1 activation. Cellular oleic acid treatment promotes mitochondrial fission in an MiD49/51-dependent manner. |
In vitro GTPase assay, oligomerization assay, point mutagenesis, siRNA knockdown rescue, confocal microscopy, lipid-binding biochemistry |
Nature cell biology |
High |
38594588
|
| 2024 |
Extracellular matrix stiffness, spatial confinement, and mechanical forces (including mouse skin stretching) regulate mitochondrial dynamics through MIEF1 phosphorylation. Actomyosin tension promotes MIEF1 phosphorylation, limiting DRP1 recruitment to mitochondria and reducing peri-mitochondrial F-actin formation and fission. DRP1- and MIEF1/2-dependent fission is required and sufficient to regulate YAP/TAZ, SREBP1/2, and NRF2 transcription factors, controlling cell proliferation, lipogenesis, antioxidant metabolism, and adipocyte differentiation in response to mechanical cues. |
Phosphorylation assays, DRP1/MIEF1/2 KO/KD with defined transcriptional and metabolic readouts, in vivo mouse skin stretching, live imaging, genetic epistasis |
Nature cell biology |
High |
39433949
|
| 2021 |
Dominant heterozygous MIEF1 variants causing late-onset optic neuropathy do not disrupt MiD51 localization to the outer mitochondrial membrane or its oligomerization, but significantly disrupt mitochondrial network dynamics as shown by high-resolution live confocal imaging. |
Targeted sequencing, live confocal microscopy of mitochondrial dynamics, oligomerization assays in patient-derived variant cells |
Molecular neurodegeneration |
Medium |
33632269
|
| 2026 |
MAOA (monoamine oxidase A) physically interacts with MIEF1 and enhances MIEF1-DRP1 coupling; cortisol increases both MIEF1 and DRP1-Ser616 phosphorylation, driving excessive mitochondrial fission and trabecular meshwork fibrosis. Knockdown of MAOA or MIEF1 reduces oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, siRNA knockdown, western blotting, confocal microscopy |
Free radical biology & medicine |
Medium |
41579974
|