Affinage

MAOA

Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A · UniProt P21397

Length
527 aa
Mass
59.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 23 papers cited in narrative 23 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MAOA encodes a mitochondrial outer membrane flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters, with preferential activity toward serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain and primary responsibility for striatal dopamine degradation (PMID:7792602, PMID:10591056, PMID:34244591). MAOA expression is regulated by a functional 5'-VNTR polymorphism, promoter CpG methylation that suppresses transcription, X-chromosome inactivation, acute glucocorticoid-mediated downregulation, and cytokine signaling through IL-13 via a STAT6–15-LO–PPARγ axis (PMID:31303260, PMID:22948232, PMID:30169842, PMID:23197705, PMID:30021838). Beyond neurotransmitter catabolism, MAOA generates reactive oxygen species as a catalytic byproduct, and in prostate cancer this ROS production drives tumor-promoting programs including a reciprocal positive feedback loop with androgen receptor via Shh/Gli–YAP1, paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling through Twist1-dependent IL-6 transcription, perineural invasion via SEMA3C/PlexinA2/NRP1–cMET, cancer stemness through PTEN/AKT, and suppression of anti-tumor CD8+ T-cell immunity by limiting stromal WNT5A–Ca²⁺–NFATC1 activation (PMID:34167949, PMID:32066880, PMID:33420365, PMID:29844571, PMID:40121032). Knockout mice lacking MAOA display markedly elevated brain serotonin with aggressive behavior that is rescued by serotonin synthesis inhibition, establishing MAOA as essential for monoamine homeostasis and behavioral regulation (PMID:7792602).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1990 Medium

    Establishing the neuroanatomical expression pattern of MAO isoforms clarified that MAO-A mRNA localizes to noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons, providing a cellular basis for its distinct functional role from MAO-B.

    Evidence In situ hybridization histochemistry combined with enzyme radioautography in human post-mortem brain

    PMID:2089112

    Open questions at the time
    • Only two brain nuclei examined in detail
    • Protein-level confirmation not performed in the same study
    • Developmental changes in expression pattern not addressed
  2. 1995 High

    The first genetic knockout proved that MAOA is essential for monoamine catabolism in vivo: MAOA-null mice showed dramatically elevated brain serotonin and norepinephrine, and pharmacological rescue with a serotonin synthesis inhibitor pinpointed serotonin excess as the driver of the aggressive behavioral phenotype.

    Evidence Transgenic knockout mouse model with HPLC neurochemical profiling and parachlorophenylalanine rescue

    PMID:7792602

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which elevated serotonin causes aggression not defined at circuit level
    • Contribution of norepinephrine elevation to behavioral phenotype not isolated
  3. 1999 High

    Reciprocal comparison of MAOA-KO versus MAOB-KO mice resolved the long-standing question of isoform substrate specificity in vivo, confirming MAOA preferentially degrades serotonin and norepinephrine while MAOB preferentially degrades phenylethylamine.

    Evidence Homologous recombination knockout mice with neurochemical profiling of both isoforms

    PMID:10591056

    Open questions at the time
    • Dopamine degradation appeared affected in both models, with relative contributions unresolved
    • Compensatory changes between isoforms during development not fully excluded
  4. 2006 Medium

    Demonstration that MAOA undergoes X-chromosome inactivation in human cells established that females are functionally mosaic for MAOA expression, with implications for interpreting sex-linked genetic association studies.

    Evidence Primary clonal fibroblast cultures with RFLP-based allelic expression analysis, confirmed independently by methylation profiling in skewed-XCI cells

    PMID:16890910 PMID:19684479

    Open questions at the time
    • XCI status not confirmed in neurons or other tissue types
    • Whether XCI escape occurs in specific developmental windows not tested
  5. 2012 High

    Two convergent regulatory mechanisms for MAOA expression were established: promoter CpG methylation was shown to predict brain MAO-A activity by PET, and acute glucocorticoid/stress exposure was found to rapidly downregulate MAO-A protein and activity, revealing both epigenetic and hormonal control of enzyme levels.

    Evidence Bisulfite sequencing of blood DNA correlated with [¹¹C]clorgyline PET (methylation); [¹¹C]harmine PET under acute stress plus dexamethasone treatment of neuronal/glial cell lines (glucocorticoid regulation)

    PMID:22948232 PMID:23197705

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid-mediated MAOA downregulation (GR binding site, mRNA stability) not defined
    • Whether methylation changes are cause or consequence of activity differences not fully resolved
  6. 2015 Medium

    The discovery that cancer-associated fibroblasts activate a MAOA/mTOR/HIF-1α axis to drive prostate cancer EMT and invasion was among the first findings implicating MAOA's ROS-generating catalytic activity as a tumor-promoting mechanism in the stromal compartment.

    Evidence In vitro invasion assays with ROS measurement and pathway inhibition in fibroblast-cancer cell co-culture

    PMID:26499200

    Open questions at the time
    • Pathway order established only by pharmacological inhibition without genetic epistasis
    • No in vivo validation of fibroblast-specific MAOA contribution
  7. 2017 Medium

    Identification of REST as a direct transcriptional repressor of MAOA, with derepressed MAOA driving ROS-dependent autophagy activation over apoptosis, placed MAOA in the neuroendocrine differentiation program of prostate cancer.

    Evidence ChIP and luciferase reporter assay for REST binding to MAOA promoter; ROS and autophagy/apoptosis assays with MAOA overexpression/inhibition

    PMID:28402333

    Open questions at the time
    • REST–MAOA axis not validated in patient-derived neuroendocrine prostate cancer specimens
    • Whether autophagy activation is adaptive or cytotoxic in this context not determined
  8. 2018 High

    Multiple 2018 studies established MAOA as a node integrating cytokine, metabolic, and developmental signals in cancer: IL-13 induces MAOA via STAT6–15-LO–PPARγ in monocytes and cancer cells; prostate-specific MAOA deletion in Pten-KO mice reduced adenocarcinoma incidence and cancer stemness through PTEN/AKT; and promoter methylation was confirmed as functionally suppressive by reporter assays.

    Evidence siRNA/inhibitor pathway dissection in monocytes and A549 cells (IL-13); conditional double-KO mouse model with shRNA and pharmacological validation (Pten); methylated vs. unmethylated luciferase reporters (methylation)

    PMID:29844571 PMID:30021838 PMID:30169842

    Open questions at the time
    • PPARγ binding site on MAOA promoter not mapped
    • Whether MAOA's tumor-promoting role in Pten-KO model is purely ROS-dependent or involves non-enzymatic functions not resolved
  9. 2019 High

    Meta-analysis confirmed the MAOA 5'-VNTR as a functional regulatory polymorphism with medium-to-large effect on enzyme activity, resolving prior conflicting reports, and pharmacological inhibitors were shown to suppress both AR and AR-V7 expression in prostate cancer cells.

    Evidence Systematic meta-analysis of VNTR-activity studies; MAOA activity assay and Western blot in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells

    PMID:30693539 PMID:31303260

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which MAOA inhibition downregulates AR-V7 splice variant not defined
    • VNTR meta-analysis does not resolve tissue-specific effect sizes
  10. 2021 High

    Three major mechanistic advances were made: MAOA was shown to be the primary striatal dopamine-degrading enzyme in vivo; androgens were found to directly induce MAOA via AR binding to a novel intronic response element forming a positive feedback loop with Shh/Gli–YAP1; and MAOA was shown to drive perineural invasion through Twist1-dependent SEMA3C transcription activating PlexinA2/NRP1–cMET.

    Evidence In vivo voltammetry and GRABDA2m imaging with selective inhibitors (striatal DA); ChIP of AR at MAOA intronic element, co-IP of YAP1–AR, xenograft models (AR loop); PNI assay and orthotopic xenograft with gene silencing (perineural invasion)

    PMID:33420365 PMID:34167949 PMID:34244591

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the AR–MAOA feedback loop operates in castration-resistant disease in patients not confirmed
    • Structural basis for MAOA substrate preference for dopamine over other catecholamines in striatum not resolved
  11. 2023 Medium

    MAOA was found to physically interact with NDRG1 and suppress glycolysis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition in gastric cancer, and separately to mediate toxicant-induced tryptophan metabolism disruption through ROS–NFκB in trophoblasts, broadening MAOA's non-neuronal roles to metabolic regulation and reproductive toxicology.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation and Seahorse metabolic assays in gastric cancer cells; clorgyline rescue and NFκB inhibitor experiments in JEG-3 trophoblasts with mouse intrauterine model

    PMID:37249744 PMID:37659542

    Open questions at the time
    • MAOA–NDRG1 interaction awaits reciprocal validation and domain mapping
    • Whether MAOA's metabolic suppressive role in gastric cancer is enzymatic or scaffolding-dependent is unknown
    • Trophoblast findings from a single cell line require primary cell confirmation
  12. 2025 Medium

    Stromal MAOA was identified as an immune checkpoint mechanism: its inhibition elevated WNT5A production by cancer-associated fibroblasts, activating CD8+ T cells via Ca²⁺–NFATC1 signaling and synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade in vivo.

    Evidence Single-cell sequencing reanalysis, co-culture of stromal and immune cells, subcutaneous and humanized mouse models with MAOA inhibitor plus anti-PD-1

    PMID:40121032

    Open questions at the time
    • WNT5A induction mechanism upon MAOA inhibition not defined (ROS-dependent or independent)
    • Whether this immunosuppressive role extends beyond prostate cancer stroma not tested
    • Clinical translatability of MAOA inhibitor–immunotherapy combination not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Major unresolved questions include: the structural basis for MAOA's substrate selectivity over MAOB in a physiological membrane context; whether MAOA's non-enzymatic protein interactions (e.g., NDRG1, YAP1–AR) represent independent functions or are coupled to its catalytic ROS output; and whether stromal MAOA inhibition can be therapeutically exploited to enhance anti-tumor immunity without adverse neuropsychiatric effects.
  • No solved structure of full-length membrane-bound human MAOA
  • Enzymatic vs. non-enzymatic contributions to cancer phenotypes not genetically separated
  • No clinical trial data for MAOA-targeted cancer therapy

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity 6 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 8 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 6 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1
Partners
ARNDRG1RESTTWIST1YAP1

Evidence

Reading pass · 23 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 MAOA encodes a monoamine oxidase enzyme that degrades serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain; knockout mice lacking MAOA show up to 9-fold elevated brain serotonin and 2-fold elevated norepinephrine, demonstrating MAOA's essential role in monoamine catabolism. The behavioral phenotype (trembling, fearfulness, aggression) was reversed by the serotonin synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine, confirming serotonin elevation as the mechanistic driver. Transgenic knockout mouse model with neurochemical measurement (HPLC) and pharmacological rescue (parachlorophenylalanine) Science High 7792602
1999 MAO-A preferentially oxidizes serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), whereas MAO-B preferentially oxidizes phenylethylamine (PEA). MAO-A KO mice have elevated brain levels of 5-HT, NE, and DA and manifest aggression, while MAO-B KO mice show only elevated PEA without aggression, establishing distinct substrate specificities and physiological roles for the two isoforms. Homologous recombination KO mice with neurochemical profiling Neurobiology (Budapest) High 10591056
2021 MAO-A, but not MAO-B, is the primary enzyme responsible for striatal dopamine degradation in vivo, as shown by in vivo electrochemical monitoring and ex vivo fluorescence imaging. In contrast, MAO-B (not MAO-A) is responsible for astrocytic GABA synthesis mediating tonic inhibitory currents in the rat striatum. In vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, multiple-cyclic square wave voltammetry, ex vivo GRABDA2m fluorescence imaging, and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology Experimental & Molecular Medicine High 34244591
2021 MAOA promotes prostate cancer perineural invasion by activating SEMA3C transcription in a Twist1-dependent manner; SEMA3C then stimulates cMET via autocrine/paracrine interaction with co-activated PlexinA2 and NRP1 receptors to facilitate invasion. In vitro PNI assay, orthotopic xenograft model, gene silencing, mechanistic pathway analysis Oncogene High 33420365
2021 MAOA and androgen receptor (AR) form a positive feedback loop in prostate cancer: androgens induce MAOA transcription via direct AR binding to a novel intronic androgen response element, and MAOA in turn promotes AR transcriptional activity through upregulation of Shh/Gli-YAP1 signaling and nuclear YAP1-AR interactions. ChIP assay (AR binding to MAOA intronic element), gene silencing, xenograft mouse models, co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays Cancer Research High 34167949
2020 MAOA in stromal fibroblasts elevates reactive oxygen species production, triggers IL-6 activation through direct Twist1 binding to a conserved E-box element in the IL-6 promoter, and promotes prostate cancer cell growth via paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling. STAT3 then transcriptionally activates CD44 to promote cancer stemness. ChIP assay (Twist1 binding to IL-6 promoter E-box), co-culture systems, in vivo xenograft, tissue microarray, gene silencing Oncogene High 32066880
2018 Prostate-specific deletion of MAOA in a Pten-KO mouse model significantly reduced prostate cancer incidence, AKT phosphorylation, Ki67 expression, and cancer stem cell markers (OCT4, NANOG, CD44, α2β1, CD133, HIF-1α), establishing that MAOA promotes adenocarcinoma development by supporting cell proliferation and maintenance of cancer stem cells through the PTEN/AKT axis. Conditional Pten/MAOA double-KO mouse model, shRNA knockdown, colony/spheroid formation assays, MAOA inhibitor treatment Oncogene High 29844571
2015 Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) induce prostate cancer cell EMT and invasion through a MAOA/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway that exploits reactive oxygen species (ROS). Curcumin abrogated CAF-induced invasion by inhibiting this MAOA/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway and reducing ROS production. In vitro invasion assays, ROS measurement, pathway inhibition, siRNA knockdown International Journal of Oncology Medium 26499200
2017 MAOA is a direct target gene of the transcriptional repressor REST. ROS produced by overexpressed MAOA inhibits apoptosis and activates autophagy in neuroendocrine-differentiated prostate cancer cells, placing MAOA downstream of REST and upstream of the autophagy/apoptosis decision. ChIP, luciferase reporter assay, ROS measurement, MAOA overexpression/inhibition, autophagy/apoptosis assays Scientific Reports Medium 28402333
2019 MAOA inhibitors (clorgyline and phenelzine) decrease MAOA enzymatic activity in prostate cancer cells, suppress proliferation, and clorgyline decreases expression of both full-length AR and AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7), with additive growth inhibition when combined with enzalutamide. MAOA activity assay, cell viability assay, Western blot for AR/AR-V7, enzalutamide-resistant cell line model The Prostate Medium 30693539
2012 Methylation of the MAOA promoter CpG region (measured in blood cells) is robustly associated with brain MAO-A activity levels as measured by PET, and the VNTR genotype does not independently predict brain MAO-A activity, suggesting promoter methylation is a key epigenetic regulator of MAOA expression and activity. Bisulfite sequencing of MAOA promoter from blood DNA combined with [(11)C]clorgyline PET imaging of brain MAO-A activity in healthy males Epigenetics High 22948232
2018 MAOA promoter methylation is functionally relevant: methylated MAOA promoter constructs show decreased reporter gene activity compared to unmethylated constructs. Methylation levels increase after exposure therapy for acrophobia and correlate with treatment response, demonstrating dynamic, functionally relevant epigenetic regulation of MAOA. Bisulfite sequencing of blood DNA before/after therapy, luciferase-based reporter gene assay with methylated vs. unmethylated constructs International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology High 30169842
2012 Acute psychosocial stress and acute glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) exposure rapidly decrease MAO-A activity and protein levels in neuronal and glial cell lines, and reduce MAO-A binding in 10 of 11 brain regions by PET, establishing a convergent regulatory mechanism whereby acute stress/glucocorticoids suppress MAOA expression. [(11)C]harmine PET in humans under acute stress; Western blot and [(14)C]-5-HT metabolism assay in human neuronal/glial cell lines after dexamethasone Journal of Neuroscience High 23197705
2018 IL-6/IL-6R signaling inhibits MAO-A activity and expression in hypoxic breast cancer cells; reciprocally, elevated MAO-A suppresses tumor angiogenesis and invasion. Inhibition of IL-6R or siRNA knockdown of IL-6R increased MAO-A activity and inhibited VEGF, MMPs, and EMT markers, placing MAO-A downstream of IL-6R and upstream of the pro-tumorigenic ROS pathway. In vitro siRNA knockdown, IL-6R inhibitor treatment, MAO-A activity assay, invasion/angiogenesis assays, in vivo tumor models, clinical specimen IHC British Journal of Cancer Medium 29695771
2018 IL-13 stimulates MAOA gene expression and enzymatic activity in primary human monocytes and A549 lung carcinoma cells through a pathway involving STAT1/3/6, EGR1, CREB, and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO); 15-LO then drives MAOA expression via PPARγ in a STAT6-dependent manner. This IL-13-STAT6-15-LO-PPARγ axis controls MAOA-dependent ROS generation and cell migration. siRNA knockdown, selective inhibitors, qPCR, MAOA activity assay, ROS measurement, migration assay in primary monocytes and cancer cells Journal of Biological Chemistry High 30021838
2023 MAOA interacts physically with NDRG1 and suppresses glycolysis/Warburg effect in gastric cancer cells through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway; loss of MAOA facilitates gastric cancer progression. Co-immunoprecipitation (MAOA-NDRG1 interaction), Western blot for PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Seahorse metabolic assay, siRNA knockdown, in vivo mouse model Cellular Oncology Medium 37249744
2019 Systematic meta-analysis confirmed that the MAOA 5' VNTR polymorphism has a robust and medium-to-large effect on MAOA enzyme activity, establishing this promoter variant as a functional regulatory polymorphism that determines the level of MAO-A protein activity. Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies measuring polymorphism effects on enzyme expression, abundance, and activity Biological Psychiatry High 31303260
2006 MAOA is subject to X chromosome inactivation in human female fibroblasts, resulting in monoallelic expression; this was demonstrated using primary clonal cell cultures with RFLP-based allelic expression analysis. Primary clonal cell culture, RFLP allelic expression analysis Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Medium 16890910
2009 MAOA is subject to X chromosome inactivation (not escape) in normal human fibroblasts, with monoallelic expression confirmed by allele-specific expression analysis combined with promoter DNA methylation profiling in cells with skewed X inactivation. Allele-specific expression using skewed X-inactivation fibroblasts, methylation analysis of MAOA 5' end Epigenetics Medium 19684479
1990 In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that locus coeruleus neurons in human brain express MAO-A mRNA, while raphe neurons express MAO-B mRNA, establishing a neuroanatomical basis for the distinct functional roles of the two isoforms. In situ hybridization histochemistry combined with enzyme radioautography in human post-mortem brain Journal of Neural Transmission (Supplementum) Medium 2089112
2012 ApoE4 isoform expression in C6 glioma cells reduces MAOA mRNA expression compared to ApoE3, resulting in elevated serotonin (substrate for MAOA) and consequently increased melatonin biosynthesis, establishing a regulatory link between ApoE genotype and MAOA expression levels. Stable ApoE isoform expression in C6 cells, melatonin ELISA, Western blot, qRT-PCR of MAOA/MAOB Journal of Pineal Research Low 22225631
2025 Inhibition of stromal MAOA increases WNT5A production in cancer-associated fibroblasts, which activates CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capacity through the Ca2+-NFATC1 signaling pathway, identifying a mechanism by which stromal MAOA suppresses anti-tumor immunity in prostate cancer. Single-cell sequencing reanalysis, in vitro co-culture of stromal and immune cells, subcutaneous and humanized mouse models, MAOA inhibitor + immune checkpoint inhibitor combination Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer Medium 40121032
2023 TPhP (triphenyl phosphate) activates MAOA in trophoblast cells, leading to increased ROS production that activates NFκB, which in turn disrupts tryptophan metabolism by inhibiting the tryptophan-serotonin pathway and activating the kynurenine pathway. MAOA inhibitor clorgyline or antioxidant N-acetylcysteine mitigated these effects. JEG-3 trophoblast cell line treatment, MAOA inhibitor (clorgyline) and NFκB inhibitor (sulfasalazine) rescue experiments, ROS assay, qPCR, Western blot; mouse intrauterine exposure model Science of the Total Environment Medium 37659542

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1995 Aggressive behavior and altered amounts of brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice lacking MAOA. Science (New York, N.Y.) 876 7792602
2016 Inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B in Psychiatry and Neurology. Frontiers in pharmacology 295 27803666
2014 Update on the pharmacology of selective inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B: focus on modulation of CNS monoamine neurotransmitter release. Pharmacology & therapeutics 201 24607445
2013 MAOA, childhood maltreatment, and antisocial behavior: meta-analysis of a gene-environment interaction. Biological psychiatry 193 23786983
2009 Monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) predicts behavioral aggression following provocation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 172 19168625
2007 Interaction between a functional MAOA locus and childhood sexual abuse predicts alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder in adult women. Molecular psychiatry 152 17592478
2015 Curcumin inhibits cancer-associated fibroblast-driven prostate cancer invasion through MAOA/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling. International journal of oncology 104 26499200
2009 The development of peripartum depressive symptoms is associated with gene polymorphisms of MAOA, 5-HTT and COMT. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 99 19625011
1994 Differential age-related changes of MAO-A and MAO-B in mouse brain and peripheral organs. Neurobiology of aging 99 7969716
2007 Adolescent girls and criminal activity: role of MAOA-LPR genotype and psychosocial factors. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 95 17034017
2003 Association analysis of MAOA and COMT with neuroticism assessed by peers. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 94 12815746
2014 Candidate genes for aggression and antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of association studies of the 5HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTR. Behavior genetics 90 24902785
2012 Evidence that the methylation state of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene predicts brain activity of MAO A enzyme in healthy men. Epigenetics 90 22948232
2021 Redefining differential roles of MAO-A in dopamine degradation and MAO-B in tonic GABA synthesis. Experimental & molecular medicine 88 34244591
2010 Maltreatment, MAOA, and delinquency: sex differences in gene-environment interaction in a large population-based cohort of adolescents. Behavior genetics 84 20734127
2009 Early life stress, MAOA, and gene-environment interactions predict behavioral disinhibition in children. Genes, brain, and behavior 83 19804559
2003 Association of a MAOA gene variant with generalized anxiety disorder, but not with panic disorder or major depression. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 77 12555227
2021 MAOA promotes prostate cancer cell perineural invasion through SEMA3C/PlexinA2/NRP1-cMET signaling. Oncogene 76 33420365
2001 MAO-A and COMT polymorphisms and gene effects in narcolepsy. Molecular psychiatry 73 11443519
2011 MAOA, abuse exposure and antisocial behaviour: 30-year longitudinal study. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science 72 21628708
1990 From moclobemide to Ro 19-6327 and Ro 41-1049: the development of a new class of reversible, selective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum 72 2193111
2019 Which Dopamine Polymorphisms Are Functional? Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of COMT, DAT, DBH, DDC, DRD1-5, MAOA, MAOB, TH, VMAT1, and VMAT2. Biological psychiatry 69 31303260
1999 Analysis of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene in bipolar affective disorder by association studies, meta-analyses, and sequencing of the promoter. American journal of medical genetics 69 10402508
2008 New pyrazoline bearing 4(3H)-quinazolinone inhibitors of monoamine oxidase: synthesis, biological evaluation, and structural determinants of MAO-A and MAO-B selectivity. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 65 19091581
1999 MAO-A and -B gene knock-out mice exhibit distinctly different behavior. Neurobiology (Budapest, Hungary) 58 10591056
2001 Additional evidence that genetic variation of MAO-A gene supports a gender subtype in obsessive-compulsive disorder. American journal of medical genetics 57 11353450
2019 Effect of Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) inhibitors on androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. The Prostate 53 30693539
2012 Moderating role of the MAOA genotype in antisocial behaviour. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science 53 22297589
2018 Loss of MAOA in epithelia inhibits adenocarcinoma development, cell proliferation and cancer stem cells in prostate. Oncogene 52 29844571
2007 The MAOA T941G polymorphism and short-term treatment response to mirtazapine and paroxetine in major depression. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 51 17192957
2000 Pathological gambling and DNA polymorphic markers at MAO-A and MAO-B genes. Molecular psychiatry 51 10673777
2017 MAOA-a novel decision maker of apoptosis and autophagy in hormone refractory neuroendocrine prostate cancer cells. Scientific reports 49 28402333
2012 MAOA genotype, social exclusion and aggression: an experimental test of a gene-environment interaction. Genes, brain, and behavior 48 23067570
2018 Epigenetic signature of MAOA and MAOB genes in mental disorders. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 47 30242487
2012 Meta-analysis argues for a female-specific role of MAOA-uVNTR in panic disorder in four European populations. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 46 22911667
2012 The effects of MAOA genotype, childhood trauma, and sex on trait and state-dependent aggression. Brain and behavior 44 23170243
2007 The MAOA promoter polymorphism, disruptive behavior disorders, and early onset substance use disorder: gene-environment interaction. Psychiatric genetics 44 18075472
2018 Differential expression of IL-6/IL-6R and MAO-A regulates invasion/angiogenesis in breast cancer. British journal of cancer 43 29695771
2011 Child abuse and neglect, MAOA, and mental health outcomes: a prospective examination. Biological psychiatry 43 22030358
2006 MAOA promoter polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in indian children. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 43 16856146
2020 MAOA-mediated reprogramming of stromal fibroblasts promotes prostate tumorigenesis and cancer stemness. Oncogene 42 32066880
2009 Parental care moderates the influence of MAOA-uVNTR genotype and childhood stressors on trait impulsivity and aggression in adult women. Psychiatric genetics 42 19357553
1993 Biochemistry and pharmacology of reversible inhibitors of MAO-A agents: focus on moclobemide. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN 42 7905288
2011 Effects of MAOA promoter methylation on susceptibility to paranoid schizophrenia. Human genetics 38 22198720
2010 Deletion of MAOA and MAOB in a male patient causes severe developmental delay, intermittent hypotonia and stereotypical hand movements. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 37 20485326
2008 Effects of MAOA-genotype, alcohol consumption, and aging on violent behavior. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 37 19120058
2008 ADHD and Disruptive Behavior scores - associations with MAO-A and 5-HTT genes and with platelet MAO-B activity in adolescents. BMC psychiatry 35 18430257
2023 MAOA suppresses the growth of gastric cancer by interacting with NDRG1 and regulating the Warburg effect through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 34 37249744
2015 The MAOA, COMT, MTHFR and ESR1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the risk of depression in menopausal women. Maturitas 34 26620113
2014 Association of low-activity MAOA allelic variants with violent crime in incarcerated offenders. Journal of psychiatric research 34 25082653
2018 Plasticity of Functional MAOA Gene Methylation in Acrophobia. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 33 30169842
2008 Differential association between MAOA, ADHD and neuropsychological functioning in boys and girls. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 33 18726986
2016 Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Gene Polymorphisms Interact with Maternal Parenting in Association with Adolescent Reactive Aggression but not Proactive Aggression: Evidence of Differential Susceptibility. Journal of youth and adolescence 32 26932718
2012 Apolipoprotein E influences melatonin biosynthesis by regulating NAT and MAOA expression in C6 cells. Journal of pineal research 31 22225631
2020 The MAOA Gene Influences the Neural Response to Psychosocial Stress in the Human Brain. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 29 32499684
2005 Association study of a functional MAOA-uVNTR gene polymorphism and personality traits in Chinese young females. Neuropsychobiology 29 16110245
2023 Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA): A promising target for prostate cancer therapy. Cancer letters 28 37076041
2009 MAOA gene polymorphisms and response to mirtazapine in major depression. Human psychopharmacology 28 19382113
2004 Analysis of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) promoter polymorphism in male heroin-dependent subjects: behavioural and personality correlates. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 28 15088154
1996 maoB, a gene that encodes a positive regulator of the monoamine oxidase gene (maoA) in Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 28 8631685
2018 Regulation of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) expression, activity, and function in IL-13-stimulated monocytes and A549 lung carcinoma cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 30021838
2016 Modification of the association between early adversity and obsessive-compulsive disorder by polymorphisms in the MAOA, MAOB and COMT genes. Psychiatry research 27 27821364
2015 Dual inhibition of survivin and MAOA synergistically impairs growth of PTEN-negative prostate cancer. British journal of cancer 27 26103574
2012 Convergent effects of acute stress and glucocorticoid exposure upon MAO-A in humans. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 27 23197705
2011 MAOA, MTHFR, and TNF-β genes polymorphisms and personality traits in the pathogenesis of migraine. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 27 22193458
1990 Molecular neuroanatomy of MAO-A and MAO-B. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum 27 2089112
2016 Anti-inflammatory and protective effects of MT-031, a novel multitarget MAO-A and AChE/BuChE inhibitor in scopolamine mouse model and inflammatory cells. Neuropharmacology 26 27984078
2009 Association of MAOA gene functional promoter polymorphism with CSF dopamine turnover and atypical depression. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 26 19214141
2006 Possible interaction between MAOA and DRD2 genes associated with antisocial alcoholism among Han Chinese men in Taiwan. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 26 17007976
2020 The clinical value and potential molecular mechanism of the downregulation of MAOA in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Cancer medicine 25 32931665
2011 Association of MAOA and COMT gene polymorphisms with palatable food intake in children. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 25 21530215
2007 Bad nature, bad nurture, and testimony regarding MAOA and SLC6A4 genotyping at murder trials. Journal of forensic sciences 25 17944904
2010 Identification and characterization of putative methylation targets in the MAOA locus using bioinformatic approaches. Epigenetics 24 20421737
2015 Effects of the MAOA gene and levels of exposure to violence on antisocial outcomes. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science 23 26494873
2014 The 2-repeat allele of the MAOA gene confers an increased risk for shooting and stabbing behaviors. The Psychiatric quarterly 23 24326626
1996 Mutational analysis of the human MAOA gene. American journal of medical genetics 23 8678123
2021 Bidirectional Cross-talk between MAOA and AR Promotes Hormone-Dependent and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer research 22 34167949
2018 Tobacco and cannabis use in college students are predicted by sex-dimorphic interactions between MAOA genotype and child abuse. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 22 29952131
2015 MAOA-VNTR polymorphism modulates context-dependent dopamine release and aggressive behavior in males. NeuroImage 22 26481676
2012 Association between a functional polymorphism in the MAOA gene and sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics 22 22351881
2005 Stereospecific oxidation of the (S)-enantiomer of RS-8359, a selective and reversible monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor, by aldehyde oxidase. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems 22 16192108
1990 The expression of human MAO-A and B genes. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum 22 2089104
2018 Integration of transcriptomic and cytoarchitectonic data implicates a role for MAOA and TAC1 in the limbic-cortical network. Brain structure & function 21 29478144
2012 Association of positive and negative parenting behavior with childhood ADHD: interactions with offspring monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) genotype. Journal of abnormal child psychology 21 21826446
1999 Screen for MAOA mutations in target human groups. American journal of medical genetics 21 10050962
2019 Association of MAOA genetic variants and resilience with psychosocial stress: A longitudinal study of Syrian refugees. PloS one 20 31314763
2019 Emotional stability is associated with the MAOA promoter uVNTR polymorphism in women. Brain and behavior 20 31448578
2010 MAOA interacts with the ALDH2 gene in anxiety-depression alcohol dependence. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 20 20477771
2006 Monoallelic expression of MAOA in skin fibroblasts. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 16890910
2016 The forensic use of behavioral genetics in criminal proceedings: Case of the MAOA-L genotype. International journal of law and psychiatry 19 27823806
2008 Meta-study on association between the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) and schizophrenia. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 19 17894408
2016 Cortico-limbic connectivity in MAOA-L carriers is vulnerable to acute tryptophan depletion. Human brain mapping 18 27935229
2018 Associations Between MAOA-uVNTR Genotype, Maltreatment, MAOA Methylation, and Alcohol Consumption in Young Adult Males. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 17 29222910
2009 MAOA and GYG2 are submitted to X chromosome inactivation in human fibroblasts. Epigenetics 17 19684479
2000 Age-related changes of MAO-A and -B distribution in human and mouse brain. Neurobiology (Budapest, Hungary) 17 11008877
2022 Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel MAO-A Inhibitors Targeting Lung Cancer. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 15 35566238
2018 Early life stress and voluntary alcohol consumption in relation to Maoa methylation in male rats. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) 15 30414913
2018 Placental MAOA expression mediates prenatal stress effects on temperament in 12-month-olds. Infant and child development 15 30505241
2025 Inhibition of stromal MAOA leading activation of WNT5A enhance prostate cancer immunotherapy by involving the transition of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 14 40121032
2023 Triphenyl phosphate disrupts placental tryptophan metabolism by activating MAOA/ROS/NFκB. The Science of the total environment 14 37659542