Affinage

TWIST1

Twist-related protein 1 · UniProt Q15672

Length
202 aa
Mass
21.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 54 papers cited in narrative 55 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TWIST1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that orchestrates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell-fate decisions, and tissue fibrosis by binding E-box elements and switching between gene-repressive and gene-activating programs (PMID:15735646, PMID:37680145, PMID:26013710). Its output is dictated by dimer composition: PKA/PP2A-controlled phosphorylation of helix I residues partitions TWIST1 between homodimers and heterodimers (e.g., with Hand2 or E-proteins TCF3/TCF4/TCF12), and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome mutations disrupt this phosphoregulation (PMID:15735646, PMID:32179550); homodimers maintain progenitor/pro-fibrotic states while E-protein heterodimers drive mesoderm and neural-crest differentiation (PMID:27113414, PMID:32179550). A second layer of control is acetylation: non-acetylated TWIST1 recruits the NuRD remodeling/deacetylase complex to repress epithelial genes such as E-cadherin, FOXA1, CADM1 and TRIM29, whereas diacetylation at K73/76 recruits BRD8/TIP60-Com to activate mesenchymal and MYC programs (PMID:37680145, PMID:21876555, PMID:27524420, PMID:24950909, PMID:30911007). Through direct E-box binding TWIST1 represses epithelial determinants and activates a mesenchymal/invasive transcriptome — PDGFRα-Src driven invadopodia, PRKD1, VE-cadherin, FoxM1, CXCL12, glycolytic genes, MMP2 and miR-584 — to promote invasion, metastasis and the Warburg phenotype (PMID:21397860, PMID:31676574, PMID:19957372, PMID:25368021, PMID:24204899, PMID:31705846, PMID:30556860, PMID:27661106). TWIST1 abundance is governed by a balance of ubiquitin-proteasome regulators: the E3 ligases Pirh2 (in a p53 complex) and FBXL14 target it for degradation, while p62, TRIB3, and deubiquitinases USP4, USP13, USP18 and CDK1-activated USP29, together with PKCα-Ser144 and AURKA phosphorylation, stabilize it (PMID:30131448, PMID:36732432, PMID:24927592, PMID:31235507, PMID:32549341, PMID:32368392, PMID:36782089, PMID:30733340, PMID:28167680). Beyond cancer, TWIST1 governs cardiac and cranial neural-crest fate via Sox10 interaction and a CHD7/CHD8/WHSC1 chromatin module, controls endothelial and smooth-muscle responses in vascular development, atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension, and drives macrophage- and fibroblast-dependent fibrosis in lung, kidney and intestine (PMID:23555309, PMID:33554859, PMID:27245171, PMID:32692930, PMID:35182235, PMID:39024569, PMID:37142338). Translation-reducing 5'UTR variants and dimerization-disrupting mutations cause Saethre-Chotzen syndrome through haploinsufficiency (PMID:30040876, PMID:15735646).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2005 High

    Established that TWIST1 activity is not constitutive but set by dimer partner choice, answering how a single bHLH factor produces distinct developmental outputs and linking phosphoregulation to human craniosynostosis.

    Evidence in vivo phosphorylation and dimerization assays, Hand2/Twist1 ectopic expression and genetic epistasis in mouse limb, disease-mutation analysis

    PMID:15735646

    Open questions at the time
    • Exact helix I phospho-sites and the kinase/phosphatase stoichiometry in vivo not fully resolved
    • Does not address acetylation-based switching
  2. 2008 Medium

    Extended the phosphoregulatory model by showing bHLH-domain phosphorylation tunes both dimerization and cis-element-dependent DNA binding, framing a circuit that couples signaling to target selection.

    Evidence phosphorylation-site mutagenesis, dimerization and DNA-binding assays, in vivo developmental models (review of primary work)

    PMID:18855684

    Open questions at the time
    • Review-level synthesis rather than primary data here
    • Specific residue-to-target mapping incomplete
  3. 2011 High

    Defined direct mesenchymal/invasive transcriptional targets, showing TWIST1 induces PDGFRα to drive Src-dependent invadopodia and engages NuRD/BMI1/E-cadherin repression, establishing the gene as a direct driver of the EMT invasion machinery.

    Evidence ChIP, reporter assays, loss/gain-of-function in breast cancer cells, in vivo metastasis assays; Co-IP for NuRD

    PMID:21397860 PMID:21876555 PMID:22242143

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether invadopodia program operates outside breast/HCC contexts not tested in these studies
    • NuRD recruitment determinants not yet mechanistically defined
  4. 2013 High

    Showed TWIST1 acts as a context-dependent repressor in neural crest, interacting with Sox10 via its Twist-box to silence Phox2b and prevent ectopic neuronal fate, demonstrating a developmental partner-specific repressive mode.

    Evidence conditional knockout mice, Co-IP (Twist1-Sox10), ChIP (Phox2b promoter), reporter assays

    PMID:23555309

    Open questions at the time
    • Co-factors recruited at Phox2b promoter not identified
    • Generalizability beyond cardiac neural crest unclear
  5. 2014 High

    Reframed EMT by demonstrating TWIST1 can drive single-cell dissemination while cells retain epithelial identity, with E-cadherin paradoxically required, and identified p62 as the first post-translational stabilizer protecting TWIST1 from proteasomal degradation.

    Evidence 3D organoid culture with live imaging, E-cadherin knockdown, transcriptomics; Co-IP and ubiquitination assays for p62, in vivo xenografts

    PMID:24590176 PMID:24927592 PMID:24950909 PMID:30911007

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation of E-cadherin requirement with classic E-cadherin repression model incomplete
    • p62 binding interface on TWIST1 not mapped
  6. 2016 High

    Connected upstream signaling to dimer choice and tissue outcome, showing TGFβ/SMAD3 and IL6/STAT3 induce TWIST1, Id-protein competition favors pro-fibrotic homodimers, and TWIST1 governs endothelial Tie2/permeability and atherosclerosis via GATA4.

    Evidence Co-IP for dimer composition, conditional/EC-specific knockout mice, bleomycin and carotid models, ChIP for CXCL12, Ser42 phospho-dead mutant

    PMID:24023872 PMID:25368021 PMID:27113414 PMID:27245171 PMID:27281171

    Open questions at the time
    • How Id-protein levels are set in different tissues not resolved
    • Endothelial vs fibroblast target gene overlap not delineated
  7. 2017 High

    Demonstrated that TWIST1 nucleates active chromatin complexes (WDR5/HOTTIP/MLL-COMPASS for H3K4me3 at HOXA9) and that AURKA phosphorylation creates a stabilizing feedback loop, unifying transcriptional activation with kinase-driven protein stabilization.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP (H3K4me3), knockdowns, in vitro kinase and ubiquitination assays, phospho-dead dominant-negative, xenografts

    PMID:27661106 PMID:28167680 PMID:28484075

    Open questions at the time
    • AURKA phospho-acceptor sites versus PKA/PKCα sites not integrated
    • Whether COMPASS recruitment requires acetylated TWIST1 untested
  8. 2018 Medium

    Established the ubiquitin-ligase arm of TWIST1 control, showing p53 forms a Pirh2 trimeric complex to drive degradation, and clarified disease causation via 5'UTR uORF variants reducing translation in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.

    Evidence Co-IP of p53-Twist1-Pirh2, ubiquitination assays, p53-mutant expression; 5'UTR reporter translation assays, patient sequencing

    PMID:29844124 PMID:30040876 PMID:30131448 PMID:30556860

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab Co-IP for the trimeric complex without orthogonal in vivo validation
    • Relative contribution of degradation vs uORF haploinsufficiency to disease unquantified
  9. 2019 High

    Expanded both the kinase-stabilization network (PKCα-Ser144) and the direct effector repertoire, identifying PRKD1, glycolytic genes, and TRIB3-mediated stabilization, broadening TWIST1's reach into protrusion machinery, metabolism, and therapy resistance.

    Evidence CRISPR PKCα knockout, ChIP-PCR, phosphoproteomics, 3D dissemination, luciferase/glucose assays, Co-IP and peptide disruption for TRIB3

    PMID:30733340 PMID:31235507 PMID:31285765 PMID:31676574 PMID:31705846

    Open questions at the time
    • Interplay between multiple phospho-sites (Ser42, Ser144, AURKA) on net stability not dissected
    • HIF1α/c-Myc-independent glycolytic activation mechanism incompletely defined
  10. 2020 High

    Consolidated the deubiquitinase network (USP4, USP18) and dimer-driven cell-fate model, while revealing non-canonical roles including GATA-6 degradation in pulmonary hypertension and CBX7-mediated blockade of E-box binding.

    Evidence Co-IP/ubiquitination assays, rescue experiments, ESC differentiation and proteomic profiling, SMC-specific knockout, mass spectrometry, CBX7 deletion models

    PMID:31308076 PMID:32179550 PMID:32205869 PMID:32368392 PMID:32549341 PMID:32692930

    Open questions at the time
    • Which DUBs act in which tissue contexts not systematically compared
    • Mechanism of TWIST1-driven GATA-6 degradation only partially defined
  11. 2021 High

    Identified TWIST1's chromatin-regulator interactome in neural crest (CHD7/CHD8/WHSC1) and its tissue-specific roles in macrophage-driven renal fibrosis, perimysial myogenesis, and IPF myofibroblasts, positioning TWIST1 as a stage- and lineage-specific chromatin organizer.

    Evidence BioID proximity labeling with combinatorial perturbation, cell-specific conditional knockouts, scRNA/snATAC-seq, in vivo fibrosis and palate models

    PMID:33482080 PMID:33554859 PMID:35182235 PMID:37142338

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical contacts within the TWIST1-CRM not all validated
    • How chromatin-module use intersects with acetylation/dimer switching unknown
  12. 2023 High

    Defined the acetylation switch (K73/76) that toggles NuRD-mediated repression versus BRD8/TIP60-Com activation, and added CDK1-USP29 and USP13/FBXL14 feedback loops, integrating chromatin-cofactor choice with stability control.

    Evidence acetylation-mimetic/dead mutants, Co-IP of chromatin complexes, ChIP, RNA-seq, in vitro kinase/deubiquitinase assays, GST-pulldown, in vivo metastasis

    PMID:36732432 PMID:36782089 PMID:37680145

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzymes setting K73/76 acetylation state not all identified
    • How acetylation status coordinates with dimer and phosphorylation layers unresolved
  13. 2024 High

    Extended the fibrosis paradigm by showing macrophage-derived IL-1β/TGF-β induces TWIST1 in FAP+ fibroblasts to drive intestinal fibrosis, and that VDBP can sequester TWIST1 from the VE-cadherin promoter, reinforcing TWIST1 as a therapeutic node in fibrotic disease.

    Evidence scRNA-seq, fibroblast-specific conditional knockout, pharmacologic TWIST1 inhibition, colitis model; Co-IP with HLH-domain mapping and promoter competition assays

    PMID:38164156 PMID:39024569

    Open questions at the time
    • Pharmacological TWIST1 inhibitor specificity and mechanism not detailed
    • VDBP-TWIST1 interaction validated in single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the three regulatory layers — helix-I phosphorylation/dimer choice, K73/76 acetylation/cofactor switching, and ubiquitin-proteasome stability — are integrated in real time to dictate a given cell's TWIST1 transcriptional program remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking phospho-, acetyl-, and ubiquitin-state to specific target gene sets
  • No structural model of TWIST1 dimers bound to DNA with cofactors
  • Tissue-specific deployment of competing DUBs and E3 ligases not mapped

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 7 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 6 GO:0042393 histone binding 3 GO:0140097 catalytic activity, acting on DNA 2
Localization
GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 3
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 8 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 6 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 6 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 5 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5
Partners
BRD8HAND2P53SOX10TCF3/TCF4/TCF12 (E-PROTEINS/E12)TRIB3USP13WDR5
Complex memberships
MLL/COMPASS-like H3K4 methylase complex (with WDR5/HOTTIP)NuRD complexTIP60-Com/NuA4 (via BRD8)TWIST1-chromatin regulatory module (CHD7/CHD8/WHSC1)

Evidence

Reading pass · 55 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2011 Twist1 promotes invadopodia formation by transcriptionally inducing PDGFRα expression, which in turn activates Src kinase to drive formation of these matrix-degrading membrane protrusions required for tumor metastasis. ChIP assay (PDGFRα as direct Twist1 transcriptional target), loss-of-function and overexpression in breast cancer cells, in vivo metastasis assays Cancer cell High 21397860
2011 Twist1 represses E-cadherin expression by recruiting the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to the E-cadherin promoter, and upregulates Bmi1, AKT2, and YB-1 to promote EMT. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, reporter assays, gene knockdown/overexpression Cell research Medium 21876555
2010 Twist1 binds to the VE-cadherin promoter and activates its transcription, while also suppressing E-cadherin, thereby promoting vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), transactivation/luciferase reporter assay, shRNA knockdown and overexpression in HCC cells, 3D culture assays Hepatology Medium 19957372
2005 Twist1 dimerization partner choice is regulated by protein kinase A (PKA)- and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-mediated phosphorylation of conserved helix I residues; altered phosphorylation shifts Twist1 between homodimers and heterodimers (e.g., with Hand2), and multiple Saethre-Chotzen syndrome mutations disrupt PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Twist1, explaining disease phenotypes. In vivo phosphorylation assays, dimerization assays, ectopic expression of Hand2 and Twist1 in mouse limb, genetic epistasis in mouse models, mutagenesis of phosphorylation sites Nature genetics High 15735646
2012 Twist1 cooperates with BMI1 to suppress let-7i expression, which results in upregulation of NEDD9 and DOCK3, leading to RAC1 activation and mesenchymal-mode cancer cell movement in 3D environments. miRNA profiling, overexpression/knockdown experiments, RAC1 activity assays, 3D migration assays, reporter assays, patient sample correlation Nature cell biology High 22407364
2014 p62 binds directly to Twist1 protein and inhibits its proteasomal degradation, thereby stabilizing Twist1 and promoting cell proliferation and migration; in mice, p62 upregulation promotes tumor growth and metastasis in a Twist1-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, p62 overexpression/knockdown, in vivo xenograft experiments PNAS High 24927592
2008 Phosphorylation of specific residues within the bHLH domain of Twist1 alters both dimerization partner affinities and DNA binding affinity in a cis-element dependent manner, thus providing a phosphoregulatory circuit controlling cell fate and Twist1 transcriptional programs. Phosphorylation site mutagenesis, dimerization assays, DNA binding assays, in vivo developmental models Current medicinal chemistry Medium 18855684
2014 Twist1 induces dissemination of mammary epithelial cells while retaining epithelial identity (E-cadherin-positive cells); E-cadherin knockdown strongly inhibits Twist1-induced single-cell dissemination, demonstrating E-cadherin is required for this process. 3D mammary epithelial organoid culture, transcriptomics, E-cadherin knockdown, live imaging, confocal microscopy Journal of Cell Biology High 24590176
2013 Twist1 controls cardiac neural crest cell fate by interacting with the pro-neural factor Sox10 via its Twist-box domain and binding to the Phox2b promoter to repress transcriptional activity, thereby preventing ectopic neuronal differentiation. Twist1 conditional knockout mice, co-immunoprecipitation (Twist1–Sox10 interaction), ChIP assay (Twist1 binding to Phox2b promoter), reporter assay, ectopic expression PLoS genetics High 23555309
2017 TWIST1 forms a complex with WDR5 and the lncRNA HOTTIP, which are components of the MLL/COMPASS-like H3K4 methylase complex, and this complex increases H3K4me3 chromatin marks at the HOXA9 promoter in a WDR5-dependent manner to activate HOXA9 expression and promote prostate cancer metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP assays (H3K4me3 and TWIST1 enrichment), knockdown of WDR5 and HOTTIP, in vitro invasion/migration assays, in vivo metastasis model Cancer research High 28484075
2013 TGF-β1 induces TWIST1 expression through a mechanism requiring STAT3 phosphorylation and HIF-1α stabilization; both STAT3 and HIF-1α directly bind to the TWIST1 promoter to upregulate its transcription. STAT3 also enhances TGF-β1-induced TWIST1 expression through HIF-1α stabilization. Dominant-negative STAT3 mutant, STAT3/HIF-1α siRNA silencing, ChIP assay, reporter assay, prostate cancer cell invasion assays Cancer letters Medium 23623921
2014 TWIST1 directly binds the TRIM29 promoter at E-box elements to transcriptionally repress TRIM29 expression, creating a negative regulatory feedback loop between TRIM29 and TWIST1 in breast cancer. Reporter assay (TRIM29 promoter luciferase), overexpression/knockdown, ChIP/binding analysis, invasion/motility assays Cancer research Medium 24950909
2016 TWIST1 homodimers (promoted by TGFβ-induced upregulation of inhibitor of DNA-binding proteins that compete with E12 for TWIST1) mediate pro-fibrotic fibroblast activation; TWIST1 heterodimers with E12 have different transcriptional outputs. TGFβ/SMAD3-dependent induction of TWIST1 amplifies TGFβ signaling in fibroblasts through p38 in systemic sclerosis. Co-immunoprecipitation (TWIST1, E12, Id proteins), siRNA knockdown, forced overexpression, conditional knockout mice (bleomycin model), constitutively active TGFβRI mouse model Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases High 27113414
2016 TWIST1 is induced in endothelial cells by low shear stress via a GATA4-dependent transcriptional mechanism, and TWIST1 promotes atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial cell inflammation and proliferation. EC-specific Twist1 conditional knockout mice, carotid artery model, cultured EC gene silencing, qPCR, en face staining, zebrafish twist knockdown Circulation research High 27245171
2017 Aurora kinase A (AURKA) phosphorylates Twist1 at three sites, inhibiting its ubiquitination, increasing its transcriptional activity, and favoring Twist1 homodimerization; Twist1 in turn prevents AURKA degradation, creating a feedback loop. Phosphorylation-dead Twist1 acts as a dominant-negative and fully reverses AURKA-induced EMT. In vitro kinase assay (AURKA phosphorylation of Twist1), ubiquitination assays, phosphorylation-dead mutant expression, in vivo xenograft tumor model, IHC of patient specimens Journal of Cell Science High 28167680
2018 p53 promotes Twist1 proteasomal degradation by forming a trimeric complex with Twist1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pirh2, leading to Twist1 ubiquitination. Loss-of-function p53 mutations abrogate this degradation, leading to Twist1 accumulation and EMT. Co-immunoprecipitation (p53-Twist1-Pirh2 complex), ubiquitination assays, p53 mutant expression, Western blot, invasion assays Molecular Cancer Research Medium 30131448
2019 Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) directly phosphorylates Twist1 at Ser-144, which inhibits Twist1 ubiquitination and stabilizes the protein. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PKCα knockout confirmed this phosphorylation-dependent stabilization. PKCα overexpression, CRISPR/Cas9 PKCα knockout, immunoprecipitation, Western blot, in silico phosphorylation site analysis Journal of Biological Chemistry High 30733340
2023 CDK1 phosphorylates USP29, activating its deubiquitinase activity toward Twist1; CDK1-activated USP29 then deubiquitinates and stabilizes Twist1, driving EMT and cancer stem cell functions in triple-negative breast cancer. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro deubiquitinase assay, CDK1 phosphorylation assay, genetic ablation and pharmacologic inhibition of CDK1, Western blot, in vivo xenograft Advanced Science High 36782089
2020 USP4 binds to, deubiquitinates, and stabilizes Twist1 protein, promoting lung cancer stem cell properties; Twist1 silencing rescues the USP4 overexpression phenotype, confirming Twist1 as a key downstream effector. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, overexpression/knockdown, tumorsphere formation assay Cancers Medium 32549341
2020 USP18 interacts with Twist1, removes its ubiquitin chains, and stabilizes it, thereby promoting EMT and glioblastoma cell invasion/migration; reconstituted Twist1 expression rescues the inhibitory effects of USP18 depletion. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, shRNA knockdown, Twist1 rescue expression, in vivo nude mouse model American Journal of Cancer Research Medium 32368392
2019 TRIB3 binds the WR domain of Twist1 and inhibits its ubiquitination, thereby stabilizing Twist1 and contributing to ATRA resistance in acute promyelocytic leukemia; a peptide mimicking the Twist1 WR domain disrupts TRIB3/TWIST1 interaction and restores sensitivity. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, in vivo AML xenograft model, synthetic peptide disruption assay, gain/loss-of-function Clinical Cancer Research High 31235507
2023 USP13 directly interacts with Twist1 and cleaves K48-linked polyubiquitin chains induced by FBXL14, stabilizing Twist1; Twist1 in turn transcriptionally represses USP13, forming a negative feedback loop. USP13 promotes breast cancer metastasis through Twist1 stabilization. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST-pulldown, Western blot, ChIP, luciferase reporter assay, in vivo lung metastasis assay Cellular Oncology High 36732432
2023 FBXO3 binds and stabilizes USP4, protecting it from DNPEP-mediated degradation, thereby maintaining USP4's ability to stabilize Twist1 and promote breast cancer metastasis; p110α (PI3K) facilitates FBXO3 stabilization via ERK1-dependent phosphorylation. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, knockdown experiments, in vivo mouse metastasis model PLoS Biology Medium 38134227
2016 TWIST1 promotes atherosclerosis-related endothelial cell proliferation and is induced at low shear stress sites via a GATA4-dependent transcriptional mechanism; TWIST1 in developing zebrafish vasculature promotes angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell proliferation and migration. EC-specific Twist1 conditional knockout in mice, zebrafish twist knockdown, ChIP/gene silencing, carotid artery ligation model Circulation Research High 27245171
2013 Twist1 controls pulmonary vascular permeability by modulating Tie2 expression in endothelial cells; Twist1 knockdown decreases Tie2 expression/phosphorylation and increases RhoA activity, disrupting cell-cell junctions and increasing permeability. Tie2-specific Twist1 knockout mice show elevated pulmonary vascular permeability under physiological conditions. Tie2-Cre conditional Twist1 knockout mice, siRNA knockdown in endothelial cells, RhoA activity assay, permeability assay, endotoxin lung injury model PLoS ONE High 24023872
2016 Twist1 phosphorylation at serine 42 (Ser42) controls Tie2 expression and angiogenesis; Twist1S42A mutant decreases Tie2 expression and attenuates endothelial sprouting and angiogenesis. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis upregulates Twist1 Ser42 phosphorylation and Tie2, and these effects are attenuated in Tie2-specific Twist1 knockout mice. Twist1S42A phosphorylation-dead mutant construct, Tie2-Cre conditional Twist1 knockout mice, in vitro sprouting assay, fibrin gel implant in vivo angiogenesis assay, bleomycin lung injury model American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology High 27281171
2016 IL6 induces Twist1 expression in normal gastric fibroblasts via STAT3 phosphorylation, which is sufficient to transdifferentiate them into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs); Twist1 transcriptionally activates CXCL12 as a downstream target, and Twist1 expression suppresses premature senescence in CAFs. Primary human fibroblast culture, IL6 treatment, STAT3 inhibition, forced Twist1 expression, siRNA knockdown, ChIP for CXCL12 promoter, xenograft mouse models Cancer Research High 25368021
2011 Twist1 directly regulates the expression of Tbx20, Cdh11, Sema3C, Rab39b, and Gadd45a in developing heart valve mesenchymal cells by binding to conserved E-box sequences in their regulatory regions, promoting cell proliferation and migration. ChIP assays (in vivo Twist1 binding to E-box sequences in target gene loci), gene profiling, candidate gene analysis in endocardial cushion cells vs. remodeling valves PLoS ONE Medium 22242143
2023 Non-acetylated TWIST1 at K73/76 selectively recruits the NuRD complex to repress epithelial target genes, while diacetylated TWIST1-acK73/76 binds BRD8 (a component of the NuA4/TIP60 complex) to recruit TIP60-Com to activate mesenchymal target genes and MYC. BRD8 is essential for TWIST1-acK73/76 and TIP60-Com interaction; knockdown of BRD8 blocks TWIST1-activated gene expression and cancer metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, BRD8 knockdown, acetylation-mimetic and acetylation-dead TWIST1 mutants, RNA-seq, in vivo metastasis assays EMBO Reports High 37680145
2021 TWIST1 interacts with chromatin regulators CHD7, CHD8, and WHSC1 (identified by BioID proximity labeling) to form a TWIST1-chromatin regulatory module (TWIST1-CRM) in neural crest cells; combinatorial perturbation shows this module stabilizes early NCC migratory signatures by repressing neural stem cell programs, and at later phases commits cells to ectomesenchyme. TWIST1 BioID proximity labeling, network propagation analysis, combinatorial knockdown (TWIST1, CHD7, CHD8, WHSC1), mouse embryo perturbation, cell differentiation assays eLife High 33554859
2020 TWIST1 homodimers maintain embryonic stem cells in a progenitor state and block endoderm entry, while TWIST1-E-protein (TCF3, TCF4, TCF12) heterodimers activate mesoderm and neural crest differentiation accompanied by EMT. Disease-causing TWIST1 mutations disrupt dimer formation or shift homodimer/heterodimer balance. Proteomic profiling of TWIST1-expressing cell lines, transcriptome analysis of mouse cranial mesenchyme, overexpression/loss-of-function of TWIST1-E-protein dimers, ESC differentiation assays Molecular and Cellular Biology High 32179550
2019 Twist1 directly transcriptionally activates Prkd1 (protein kinase D1) as demonstrated by ChIP-PCR; Prkd1 is required downstream of Twist1 for ECM-directed protrusion formation, epithelial release, and migration. Prkd1 induces phosphorylation of β-catenin (inactivating) and Tau (microtubule depolymerizing). ChIP-PCR (Twist1 binding to Prkd1 locus), transcriptomic analysis, pharmacologic and genetic Prkd1 inhibition, antibody-based phosphoproteomics, 3D organoid dissemination assay, in vivo metastasis model Cancer Research High 31676574
2014 TWIST1 physically interacts with the CADM1 promoter as shown by ChIP and promoter assays, directly repressing CADM1 transcription in melanoma cells. ChIP assay, promoter reporter assay, TWIST1 and CADM1 overexpression/knockdown, expression array, tissue microarray Cell Death & Disease Medium 30911007
2016 Twist1 silences Foxa1 expression by binding to the Foxa1 proximal promoter and recruiting the NuRD transcriptional repressor complex to de-acetylate H3K9, reduce RNA pol II recruitment, and also by inhibiting AP-1 recruitment to the Foxa1 promoter. ChIP assay (Twist1 promoter binding, H3K9ac, RNA pol II), NuRD complex co-immunoprecipitation, AP-1 reporter assay, overexpression/knockdown, in vivo xenograft Oncogene High 27524420
2013 Twist1 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation by directly binding to the FoxM1 promoter at E-box sequences and recruiting the coactivator p300 to induce FoxM1 mRNA transcription. ChIP assay (Twist1 binding to FoxM1 promoter), reporter assay, Twist1 overexpression/knockdown, p300 co-recruitment analysis PLoS ONE Medium 24204899
2015 Twist1 directly binds E-box sequences in the promoters of cell cycle regulators Cyclin E1, E2F1, and c-Myc in keratinocytes; Twist1 knockout leads to reduced levels of these proteins, G1/S cell cycle arrest, and increased p53 stability and nuclear localization, implicating Twist1 in keratinocyte proliferation and tumor promotion. ChIP assay (Twist1 binding to Cyclin E1, E2F1, c-Myc promoters), keratinocyte-specific Twist1 conditional knockout mice, two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model, cell cycle analysis Molecular Carcinogenesis High 26013710
2015 Twist1 is a direct transcriptional target of MYCN and MYC; both N-Myc and c-Myc proteins bind and activate the TWIST1 promoter as demonstrated by gel shift assay (EMSA) and reporter activity assays. Gel shift assay (EMSA), luciferase reporter assay, in silico promoter analysis (E-box/INR motifs), neuroblastoma cell expression analysis Cancer Letters Medium 25475555
2017 Twist1 directly activates transcription of Fgf10 by binding to its promoter (demonstrated by ChIP), and Twist1 conditional knockout in dental mesenchyme reduces FGF pathway components (FGF3, 4, 9, 10, FGFR1, FGFR2), impairing tooth morphogenesis and odontoblast differentiation. Conditional Twist1 knockout mice (Twist2-Cre;Twist1fl/fl), ChIP assay (Twist1 binding to Fgf10 promoter), histology, immunohistochemistry, renal capsule transplants Journal of Biological Chemistry High 26487719
2019 TWIST1 directly transcriptionally activates PCOLCE by binding to its promoter (demonstrated by luciferase, qPCR, and ChIP assays), and PCOLCE promotes osteosarcoma lung metastasis; N-linked glycosylation of PCOLCE at Asn29 is required for its pro-metastatic function. Luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay, qPCR, N-glycosylation mutant (N29Q), shRNA knockdown, in vivo spontaneous metastasis model Theranostics Medium 31285765
2017 TWIST1 directly binds to the miR-584 locus (demonstrated by ChIP) and activates its transcription; miR-584 in turn targets TUSC2 (validated by luciferase assay), generating a TWIST1/miR-584/TUSC2 pathway that promotes resistance to apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells. ChIP (Twist1 binding to miR-584 locus), luciferase assay (miR-584 targeting TUSC2 3'UTR), miRNA profiling, overexpression/knockdown Oncotarget Medium 27661106
2021 Runx2 suppresses Twist1 expression in CNC-derived perimysial cells to maintain myogenesis; loss of Runx2 in CNC derivatives leads to increased Twist1, reduced perimysial markers, and soft palate muscle defects. Myogenesis is restored in double Runx2/Twist1 mutant mice. Osr2-Cre;Runx2 conditional knockout mice, scRNA-seq, genetic rescue (Runx2/Twist1 double mutant), immunofluorescence eLife High 33482080
2021 Twist1 in macrophages directly activates galectin-3 transcription (demonstrated by reporter/binding assay); galectin-3 upregulation mediates Twist1-driven M2 macrophage polarization and renal fibrosis. Twist1 knockdown reduces CCL2/CCR2-dependent macrophage chemotaxis and M2 polarization. Macrophage-specific Twist1 conditional knockout mice (UUO model), Twist1 knockdown in macrophages, transcriptional activation assay for galectin-3, galectin-3 rescue experiments, flow cytometry Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences High 35182235
2020 TWIST1 drives smooth muscle cell proliferation and pulmonary hypertension through TWIST1-dependent degradation of GATA-6; GATA-6 in turn directly binds the BMPR2 promoter to regulate its expression. Inhibition of Twist1 promotes GATA-6 recruitment to the BMPR2 promoter and restores BMPR2 expression. SMC-specific Twist1 knockout mice, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP (GATA-6 binding to BMPR2 promoter), hypoxia and monocrotaline rat models American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine High 32692930
2020 CBX7 prevents TWIST1 from binding its E-box target sequences, rendering TWIST1 transcriptionally nonfunctional in secondary ovarian cancer cells. Deletion of CBX7 reactivates TWIST1-induced transcription and mesenchymal transformation in vitro and in vivo. CBX7 deletion (in vitro and in vivo models), TWIST1 transcriptional activity assays, E-box binding assays, tumor formation in vivo Oncogene Medium 32205869
2019 TWIST1 directly transcriptionally activates glycolytic genes SLC2A1, HK2, ENO1, and PKM2 in pancreatic cancer cells (demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay and ChIP), promoting the Warburg effect independently of HIF1α or c-Myc. Luciferase reporter assay, ChIP, siRNA knockdown, tamoxifen-inducible TWIST1 overexpression, glucose uptake and lactate production assays Experimental Cell Research Medium 31705846
2018 TWIST1 directly activates Twist1 transcription of MMP2 by binding to its promoter (demonstrated by ChIP and reporter assay); TWIST1/2 overexpression also elevates nuclear β-catenin, activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling to upregulate MMP2 and MMP9 in colorectal cancer cells. ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, overexpression/knockdown, β-catenin nuclear localization assay European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences Medium 30556860
2018 TWIST1 upregulates MMP3 expression in chondrocytes not by direct promoter binding, but by inducing TET1 expression, which increases 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels at the MMP3 promoter; Tet triple knockout fibroblasts fail to show TWIST1-dependent Mmp3 upregulation. ChIP/promoter analysis (no direct binding detected), 5hmC level measurement at MMP3 promoter, TET family expression analysis in stable TWIST1 transfectants, Tet triple KO fibroblasts from mouse ES cells Scientific Reports Medium 28220902
2020 MUC1-C activates STAT3, which drives TWIST1 gene induction; MUC1-C then directly binds TWIST1 protein, and the MUC1-C/TWIST1 complex activates MUC1-C expression in an autoinductive circuit; this circuit drives EMT transcription factors ZEB1 and SNAIL, invasion, stemness markers, and drug resistance. Co-immunoprecipitation (MUC1-C/TWIST1 complex), siRNA knockdown, RNA-seq, STAT3 inhibition, invasion assays, tumorsphere assays Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Medium 31308076
2018 Twist1 binds the Cul2 promoter to activate both Cul2 mRNA and selectively promote expression of Cul2 circular RNA (circ-10720); circ-10720 then acts as a miRNA sponge to absorb miRNAs targeting vimentin, thereby increasing vimentin expression during EMT. Note: this paper primarily describes a circRNA mechanism. ChIP (Twist1 binding to Cul2 promoter), circ-10720 knockdown, miRNA sponge assay, patient-derived xenograft model, TetOn-Twist1 transgenic mouse model Cancer Research Medium 29844124
2018 HSP90 promotes TWIST1 transcription by enhancing STAT3 binding to the TWIST1 promoter; proximity ligation assays visualized HSP90-STAT3 interactions in cancer cells and tumor tissues. HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG suppresses TWIST1 mRNA expression and promoter activity. Proximity ligation assay, TWIST1 promoter luciferase assay, HSP90 inhibitor treatment (17-AAG), STAT3 activity assays, multiple cancer cell lines Molecular Pharmacology Medium 31175180
2017 Twist1 directly binds VDBP (vitamin D-binding protein) via its helix-loop-helix DNA binding domain, and this interaction prevents Twist1 from binding the VE-cadherin promoter, thereby inhibiting vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma. Co-immunoprecipitation, domain interaction mapping (HLH domain), VE-cadherin promoter binding assay, 3D culture VM assay, PDX model, hepatocyte-specific GC deletion mice Theranostics Medium 38164156
2021 TWIST1 expression is selectively upregulated in IPF myofibroblasts; overexpression of Twist1 in COL1A2-expressing fibroblasts of bleomycin-injured mice results in increased collagen synthesis and upregulation of genes with enriched chromatin accessibility in IPF myofibroblasts. Single-nucleus ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq), scRNA-seq integration, Twist1-overexpressing COL1A2 Cre-ER mouse model, RNA-seq, bleomycin injury model European Respiratory Journal High 37142338
2018 Variants in the TWIST1 5' UTR that create upstream translation start sites reduce translation from the main open reading frame of TWIST1, causing Saethre-Chotzen syndrome through haploinsufficiency; this was experimentally validated using reporter assays demonstrating reduced mORF translation. Reporter assay (reduced mORF translation from variants creating upstream ORFs), targeted capture sequencing, SCS patient analysis Human Mutation Medium 30040876
2024 TWIST1 expression in FAP+ fibroblasts is induced by CXCL9+ macrophages via IL-1β and TGF-β signaling; specific knockout or pharmacological inhibition of TWIST1 significantly ameliorates intestinal fibrosis in mice. scRNA-seq, conditional Twist1 knockout (FAP+ fibroblast-specific), pharmacological TWIST1 inhibition, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, murine colitis model Journal of Clinical Investigation High 39024569
2021 Twist1 in podocytes limits glomerular injury by constraining CCL2-dependent monocyte/macrophage infiltration; podocyte-specific Twist1 deletion augments proteinuria and podocyte injury, and CCL2 inhibition abrogates the exaggerated nephropathy caused by podocyte Twist1 deletion. Twist1 deletion, but not TNF-α deletion from podocytes, affects CCL2 and disease progression. Podocyte-specific Twist1 conditional knockout mice (Twist1-PKO), CCL2 inhibition, glomerular injury models, flow cytometry, gene expression analysis JCI Insight High 34369383

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2011 Twist1-induced invadopodia formation promotes tumor metastasis. Cancer cell 399 21397860
2011 Normal and disease-related biological functions of Twist1 and underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell research 372 21876555
2010 Expression and functional significance of Twist1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: its role in vasculogenic mimicry. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 281 19957372
2018 Twist1 Regulates Vimentin through Cul2 Circular RNA to Promote EMT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer research 269 29844124
2012 RAC1 activation mediates Twist1-induced cancer cell migration. Nature cell biology 201 22407364
2014 Regulation of cell proliferation and migration by p62 through stabilization of Twist1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 190 24927592
2005 Altered Twist1 and Hand2 dimerization is associated with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and limb abnormalities. Nature genetics 164 15735646
2014 Twist1-induced dissemination preserves epithelial identity and requires E-cadherin. The Journal of cell biology 156 24590176
2010 Redundant or separate entities?--roles of Twist1 and Twist2 as molecular switches during gene transcription. Nucleic acids research 144 20935057
2015 miR-186 regulation of Twist1 and ovarian cancer sensitivity to cisplatin. Oncogene 134 25867064
2016 Twist1 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis by silencing Foxa1 expression. Oncogene 130 27524420
2014 Twist1 is a key regulator of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer research 125 25368021
2016 TWIST1 Integrates Endothelial Responses to Flow in Vascular Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Circulation research 122 27245171
2017 TWIST1-WDR5-Hottip Regulates Hoxa9 Chromatin to Facilitate Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Cancer research 102 28484075
2001 CRS1 is a novel group II intron splicing factor that was derived from a domain of ancient origin. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 102 11565746
2013 STAT3 mediates TGF-β1-induced TWIST1 expression and prostate cancer invasion. Cancer letters 94 23623921
2014 TRIM29 suppresses TWIST1 and invasive breast cancer behavior. Cancer research 83 24950909
2012 Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulators SNAI2 and TWIST1 in thyroid carcinomas. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 76 22899291
2014 MicroRNA-543 suppresses endometrial cancer oncogenicity via targeting FAK and TWIST1 expression. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 64 24699721
2011 Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness: the Twist1-Bmi1 connection. Bioscience reports 64 21919891
2023 SCS: cell segmentation for high-resolution spatial transcriptomics. Nature methods 63 37429992
2022 Twist1 regulates macrophage plasticity to promote renal fibrosis through galectin-3. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 63 35182235
2019 Up-regulation of PCOLCE by TWIST1 promotes metastasis in Osteosarcoma. Theranostics 60 31285765
2014 TWIST1 expression in breast cancer cells facilitates bone metastasis formation. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 60 24619707
2015 RNA-based TWIST1 inhibition via dendrimer complex to reduce breast cancer cell metastasis. BioMed research international 59 25759817
2008 Phosphoregulation of Twist1 provides a mechanism of cell fate control. Current medicinal chemistry 59 18855684
2015 A20 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis through inhibition of Twist1 expression. Molecular cancer 57 26538215
2013 miR-181a-Twist1 pathway in the chemoresistance of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 55 24148247
2020 MYC and Twist1 cooperate to drive metastasis by eliciting crosstalk between cancer and innate immunity. eLife 54 31933479
2017 The Aurora-A-Twist1 axis promotes highly aggressive phenotypes in pancreatic carcinoma. Journal of cell science 52 28167680
2019 Targeting MUC1-C Inhibits TWIST1 Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Molecular cancer therapeutics 50 31308076
1998 Members of the meis1 and pbx homeodomain protein families cooperatively bind a cAMP-responsive sequence (CRS1) from bovine CYP17. The Journal of biological chemistry 50 9525891
2018 TWIST1 induces expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 to promote ovarian cancer metastasis. Oncogene 48 29348456
2013 Twist1 controls a cell-specification switch governing cell fate decisions within the cardiac neural crest. PLoS genetics 48 23555309
2013 Twist1 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation through up-regulation of FoxM1. PloS one 47 24204899
1994 A cAMP-regulatory sequence (CRS1) of CYP17 is a cellular target for the homeodomain protein Pbx1. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 7913464
2020 Mutant CFTR Drives TWIST1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell death & disease 46 33106471
2018 p53-Pirh2 Complex Promotes Twist1 Degradation and Inhibits EMT. Molecular cancer research : MCR 45 30131448
2017 miR-203 Suppresses Bladder Cancer Cell Growth and Targets Twist1. Oncology research 45 28893347
2016 Composition of TWIST1 dimers regulates fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 45 27113414
2024 TWIST1+FAP+ fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease. The Journal of clinical investigation 44 39024569
2014 TWIST1 is a direct transcriptional target of MYCN and MYC in neuroblastoma. Cancer letters 44 25475555
2023 Phosphorylation of USP29 by CDK1 Governs TWIST1 Stability and Oncogenic Functions. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 43 36782089
2019 CADM1 is a TWIST1-regulated suppressor of invasion and survival. Cell death & disease 43 30911007
2016 Role of Twist1 Phosphorylation in Angiogenesis and Pulmonary Fibrosis. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 43 27281171
2014 Endothelial TWIST1 promotes pathological ocular angiogenesis. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 41 25414194
2011 Twist1 directly regulates genes that promote cell proliferation and migration in developing heart valves. PloS one 41 22242143
2023 Molecular mechanisms of TWIST1-regulated transcription in EMT and cancer metastasis. EMBO reports 40 37680145
2020 The Deubiquitinase USP4 Stabilizes Twist1 Protein to Promote Lung Cancer Cell Stemness. Cancers 39 32549341
1997 The activity of the scs and scs' insulator elements is not dependent on chromosomal context. Molecular and cellular biology 38 8972198
2021 TWIST1 and chromatin regulatory proteins interact to guide neural crest cell differentiation. eLife 37 33554859
2019 TWIST1 transcriptionally regulates glycolytic genes to promote the Warburg metabolism in pancreatic cancer. Experimental cell research 37 31705846
2020 USP18 deubiquitinates and stabilizes Twist1 to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma cells. American journal of cancer research 35 32368392
2020 CBX7 binds the E-box to inhibit TWIST-1 function and inhibit tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. Oncogene 34 32205869
2016 DNMT3A mutation leads to leukemic extramedullary infiltration mediated by TWIST1. Journal of hematology & oncology 34 27724883
2023 Rab31 promotes metastasis and cisplatin resistance in stomach adenocarcinoma through Twist1-mediated EMT. Cell death & disease 33 36781842
2021 Runx2-Twist1 interaction coordinates cranial neural crest guidance of soft palate myogenesis. eLife 33 33482080
2020 TWIST1 Drives Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Pulmonary Hypertension via Loss of GATA-6 and BMPR2. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 32 32692930
2020 TWIST1-Reprogrammed Endothelial Cell Transplantation Potentiates Neovascularization-Mediated Diabetic Wound Tissue Regeneration. Diabetes 31 32234721
2019 Protein kinase Cα-mediated phosphorylation of Twist1 at Ser-144 prevents Twist1 ubiquitination and stabilizes it. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 30733340
2014 Craniofacial shape variation in Twist1+/- mutant mice. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 31 24585549
2013 Twist1 controls lung vascular permeability and endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema by altering Tie2 expression. PloS one 31 24023872
2008 Characterization of the molecular basis of group II intron RNA recognition by CRS1-CRM domains. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 18559344
2020 Twist1 induces chromosomal instability (CIN) in colorectal cancer cells. Human molecular genetics 30 32337580
2017 Intercellular Genetic Interaction Between Irf6 and Twist1 during Craniofacial Development. Scientific reports 30 28769044
2019 TRIB3 Stabilizes High TWIST1 Expression to Promote Rapid APL Progression and ATRA Resistance. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 29 31235507
2019 LncRNA-TWIST1 Promoted Osteogenic Differentiation Both in PPDLSCs and in HPDLSCs by Inhibiting TWIST1 Expression. BioMed research international 29 31341908
2018 Unraveling the transcriptional regulation of TWIST1 in limb development. PLoS genetics 29 30372441
2016 TWIST1/miR-584/TUSC2 pathway induces resistance to apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells. Oncotarget 29 27661106
2016 TWIST1 upregulates the MAGEA4 oncogene. Molecular carcinogenesis 28 27533647
2023 Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility identifies a critical role for TWIST1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis myofibroblast activity. The European respiratory journal 27 37142338
2020 TWIST1 Homodimers and Heterodimers Orchestrate Lineage-Specific Differentiation. Molecular and cellular biology 27 32179550
2016 The interplay between microRNAs and Twist1 transcription factor: a systematic review. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 27 26880587
2021 Twist1 in podocytes ameliorates podocyte injury and proteinuria by limiting CCL2-dependent macrophage infiltration. JCI insight 26 34369383
2015 Twist1 regulates keratinocyte proliferation and skin tumor promotion. Molecular carcinogenesis 25 26013710
2019 Twist1-Induced Epithelial Dissemination Requires Prkd1 Signaling. Cancer research 24 31676574
2018 KLF11 promotes gastric cancer invasion and migration by increasing Twist1 expression. Neoplasma 24 30509092
2014 Twist1 correlates with poor differentiation and progression in gastric adenocarcinoma via elevation of FGFR2 expression. World journal of gastroenterology 24 25561797
2020 Sox13 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by transcriptionally activating Twist1. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 23 32461589
2023 FBXO3 stabilizes USP4 and Twist1 to promote PI3K-mediated breast cancer metastasis. PLoS biology 22 38134227
2019 Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90 suppresses TWIST1 Transcription. Molecular pharmacology 22 31175180
2019 TWIST1 Alleviates Hypoxia-induced Damage of Trophoblast Cells by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Experimental cell research 22 31669261
2023 USP13 promotes breast cancer metastasis through FBXL14-induced Twist1 ubiquitination. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 21 36732432
2020 MiR-337-3p Promotes Adipocyte Browning by Inhibiting TWIST1. Cells 21 32340411
2018 miR-16-1-3p targets TWIST1 to inhibit cell proliferation and invasion in NSCLC. Bratislavske lekarske listy 21 29405733
2015 TWIST1 and TWIST2 regulate glycogen storage and inflammatory genes in skeletal muscle. The Journal of endocrinology 21 25663706
2015 Twist1 Is Essential for Tooth Morphogenesis and Odontoblast Differentiation. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 26487719
2014 Role and mechanism of Twist1 in modulating the chemosensitivity of FaDu cells. Molecular medicine reports 21 24805866
2022 Norepinephrine promotes glioma cell migration through up-regulating the expression of Twist1. BMC cancer 20 35219305
2018 Twist1/2 activates MMP2 expression via binding to its promoter in colorectal cancer. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 20 30556860
2017 TWIST1 induces MMP3 expression through up-regulating DNA hydroxymethylation and promotes catabolic responses in human chondrocytes. Scientific reports 20 28220902
2022 TWIST1-EP300 Expedites Gastric Cancer Cell Resistance to Apatinib by Activating the Expression of COL1A2. Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) 19 35242497
2022 The potential of sertoli cells (SCs) derived exosomes and its therapeutic efficacy in male reproductive disorders. Life sciences 19 36463941
2021 Obesity Inhibits Angiogenesis Through TWIST1-SLIT2 Signaling. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 19 34660572
2020 TWIST1 upregulation affects E-cadherin expression in brain metastases. Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico 19 33006113
2018 The role of Twist1 in mutant huntingtin-induced transcriptional alterations and neurotoxicity. The Journal of biological chemistry 19 29891550
2018 Disruption of TWIST1 translation by 5' UTR variants in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Human mutation 19 30040876
2017 Reactivation of TWIST1 contributes to Ewing sarcoma metastasis. Pediatric blood & cancer 19 28873262
2015 Over-expression of miR-10b in NPC patients: correlation with LMP1 and Twist1. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 19 25597482
2024 Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) hijacks twist1 to inhibit vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 18 38164156

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