| 2006 |
MICAL-L2 (JRAB) was identified as a Rab13 effector protein that specifically binds the GTP-bound form of Rab13 via its C-terminal coiled-coil domain, localizes at tight junctions in epithelial cells, and mediates endocytic recycling of occludin (but not transferrin receptor). A MICAL-L2 mutant lacking the Rab13-binding domain (MICAL-L2-N) specifically inhibited occludin recycling and blocked TJ formation in Ca2+-switch assays. MICAL-L2 was displaced from TJs upon actin depolymerization and redistributed along actin structures, indicating it links Rab13 to the actin cytoskeleton. |
Immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, recycling assay, Ca2+-switch assay, yeast two-hybrid (initial identification), dominant-negative mutant expression |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
16525024
|
| 2007 |
JRAB/MICAL-L2 interacts with both Rab8 and Rab13 via its C-terminal domain, and these two Rab GTPases compete with each other for MICAL-L2 binding. Rab8 and Rab13 functionally associate with MICAL-L2 at perinuclear recycling/storage compartments and at the plasma membrane, respectively. Rab13 knockdown suppressed claudin-1 and occludin but not E-cadherin transport, while Rab8 knockdown inhibited Rab13-independent E-cadherin transport; MICAL-L2 knockdown or dominant-negative MICAL-L2-C expression inhibited transport of all three junctional proteins, coordinating TJ and AJ assembly. |
siRNA knockdown, dominant-negative mutant expression, Ca2+-switch assay, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
18094055
|
| 2008 |
Actinin-4 was identified as a binding partner for the plasma membrane-targeting domain of JRAB/MICAL-L2 using yeast two-hybrid and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Actinin-4 colocalizes with JRAB/MICAL-L2 at cell-cell junctions and links JRAB/MICAL-L2 to F-actin. The actinin-4–MICAL-L2 interaction was enhanced by Rab13 activation. siRNA depletion of actinin-4 delayed JRAB/MICAL-L2 recruitment to cell-cell junctions and impaired functional TJ formation during epithelial polarization. |
Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, Ca2+-switch assay, immunofluorescence |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
18332111
|
| 2008 |
JRAB/MICAL-L2 domain structure was characterized: it contains a calponin-homology (CH) domain at the N-terminus, a LIM domain in the middle, and a coiled-coil domain at the C-terminus. The C-terminus specifically binds the GTP-bound form of Rab13. In epithelial cells it localizes to tight junctions; in fibroblasts it distributes along stress fibers. |
Domain deletion analysis, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, yeast two-hybrid (referenced prior work) |
Methods in enzymology |
Medium |
18413246
|
| 2009 |
JRAB/MICAL-L2 exhibits an intramolecular interaction between its N-terminal CH and LIM domains and the C-terminal coiled-coil domain. Rab13 binding to JRAB/MICAL-L2 stimulates interaction of MICAL-L2 with actinin-4, which localizes to cell body and neurite tips in PC12 cells. Expression of MICAL-L2 alone inhibits neurite outgrowth, but co-expression of dominant-active Rab13 rescues this phenotype, suggesting Rab13-dependent conformational change enables transfer of actinin-4 to neurite tips to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton. |
Overexpression/dominant-active mutants, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, neurite outgrowth assay in PC12 cells |
Molecular and cellular biology |
High |
20008558
|
| 2007 |
Rab13 and JRAB/MICAL-L2 are involved in epithelial cell scattering in response to TPA. During TPA-induced MDCK cell scattering, Rab13 was transiently activated, and both Rab13 and JRAB/MICAL-L2 co-localized with F-actin at cell-cell contact sites before accumulating at lamellipodia. Knockdown of JRAB/MICAL-L2 inhibited TPA-induced scattering, rescued by re-expression of mouse JRAB/MICAL-L2. |
siRNA knockdown, rescue by re-expression, immunofluorescence, Rab13 activation assay |
Oncogene |
Medium |
17891173
|
| 2012 |
JRAB/MICAL-L2 interacts with both actinin-1 and actinin-4 and with filamentous actin (F-actin) via different domains, and regulates actin cross-linking and stabilization. During epithelial junctional development, JRAB is enriched in the actin bundle at the free border and undergoes a Rab13-dependent conformational change required for maturation of cell-cell adhesion. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, domain deletion analysis, immunofluorescence, live imaging, Rab13 dominant-active/dominant-negative mutants |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
High |
23100251
|
| 2013 |
In the 'open' conformation (JRABΔCC mutant), JRAB/MICAL-L2 co-immunoprecipitates with filamin (an actin cross-linking protein). Expression of ASB2, which induces degradation of all three filamin isoforms, inhibited JRABΔCC-induced cell spreading with membrane ruffles, demonstrating that JRAB regulates actin cytoskeletal reorganization and cell spreading through filamins. In contrast, actinin-1/-4 co-precipitated with JRABΔCC but did not affect cell spreading. |
Co-immunoprecipitation with conformational mutants, ASB2-mediated filamin degradation, morphological analysis in NIH3T3 cells |
Genes to cells |
Medium |
23890175
|
| 2015 |
Rab13 engages MICAL-L2 as a scaffold upon insulin stimulation in muscle cells. Insulin increased Rab13 binding to MICAL-L2 and binding of MICAL-L2 to α-actinin-4 (ACTN4), forming an insulin-dependent ternary complex (Rab13–MICAL-L2–ACTN4). GLUT4 associated with this complex in response to insulin via the ACTN4-binding domain of MICAL-L2. Knockdown of MICAL-L2 or expression of truncated MICAL-L2-CT impaired insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down with MICAL-L2 fragments, siRNA knockdown, confocal fluorescence, TIRF microscopy, structured illumination microscopy |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
26538022
|
| 2016 |
JRAB/MICAL-L2 undergoes a Rab13-dependent conformational change between closed and open states. A structural model was generated by bioinformatic and biochemical analyses. Impairment of MICAL-L2 conformational plasticity (using fixed conformation mutants) caused excessive rigidity and loss of directionality in collective cell migration. Live imaging and computational analysis showed that closed/open conformations dictate distinct collective migration behaviors. |
Structural modeling, biochemical conformation assays, live imaging, computational biomechanics, mutant expression |
Molecular biology of the cell |
High |
27582384
|
| 2019 |
The first LIM zinc finger domain of JRAB/MICAL-L2 binds the first and second actin molecules at the minus end of F-actin, potentially inhibiting actin filament depolymerization. This same zinc finger domain also contributes to the intramolecular interaction with the C-terminal coiled-coil domain, and residues responsible for intramolecular interaction overlap with those involved in F-actin association, providing a mechanism for fine-tuning JRAB function. |
Biochemical actin-binding assays, mutagenesis, intramolecular interaction mapping, co-immunoprecipitation with mutants |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
31488862
|
| 2019 |
MICAL-L2 expression upregulated EGFR protein level through a transcription-independent mechanism involving inhibition of EGFR degradation in lysosomes. This effect on EGFR stability was mediated in a Cdc42-dependent manner, activating downstream HSP27/cytoskeleton and HSP27/β-catenin signaling pathways to promote gastric cancer cell migration. |
siRNA knockdown, overexpression, Western blotting, lysosome inhibitor experiments, Cdc42 activation assays, immunofluorescence |
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine |
Medium |
31034158
|
| 2021 |
MICAL-L2 physically interacts with c-Myc protein (co-immunoprecipitation), maintains nuclear c-Myc levels, prolongs its half-life, and inhibits c-Myc polyubiquitination. MICAL-L2 knockdown accelerated c-Myc degradation through polyubiquitylation; MICAL-L2 blocked c-Myc phosphorylation at Thr58, which is required for ubiquitin-dependent c-Myc degradation, thereby acting as a deubiquitination/stabilization factor for c-Myc in NSCLC cells. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, polyubiquitylation detection assay, protein stability assay, siRNA knockdown, Western blotting |
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology |
Medium |
33520979
|
| 2022 |
TRIM21 (ubiquitin E3 ligase) mediates ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of MICALL2, acting as a negative regulator. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identified TRIM21 as a MICALL2-interacting protein. TRIM21 expression negatively correlates with MICALL2 levels and reversely regulates MICALL2-dependent tumorigenic activity (growth and migration via Wnt/β-catenin) in colorectal cancer cells. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, ubiquitination assays, siRNA/overexpression functional assays, Western blotting |
Cell communication and signaling |
Medium |
36307841
|
| 2023 |
MICALL2 silencing in ovarian cancer cells promoted EGFR lysosomal degradation in a Rac1-dependent (rather than Cdc42-dependent as in gastric cancer) manner. Rac1 suppression attenuated MICALL2-induced pro-EGFR, pro-MMP9, and pro-invasion effects. MMP9 was identified as the target gene downstream of MICALL2 via EGFR-AKT-mTOR signaling, regulating invadopodium formation and cell invasion. |
siRNA knockdown, overexpression, Rac1 inhibition, autophagy inhibitors (acadesine, chloroquine), co-immunoprecipitation, invasion assays |
International journal of molecular sciences |
Medium |
38203692
|
| 2024 |
MICAL-L2 stabilizes ACTN4 protein in a Rab13-dependent manner in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) cells, reducing ACTN4 degradation. This MICAL-L2–ACTN4 complex interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. ACTN4 stabilization leads to increased Vimentin expression, promoting cancer progression and resistance to sunitinib and everolimus. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, Western blotting, wound-healing, Transwell, CCK-8 assays |
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease |
Medium |
39689763
|
| 2025 |
MICALL2 prevents β-catenin from binding to GSK3β, thereby shielding β-catenin from degradation and promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatic stellate cells. A small molecule IMB16-5 binds to the C-terminal domain of MICALL2 (identified by LiP-SMap and molecular dynamics simulation) and disrupts the MICALL2–β-catenin interaction, suppressing β-catenin nuclear translocation and HSC activation. MICALL2 overexpression in vivo abolished the therapeutic efficacy of IMB16-5, confirming target engagement. |
LiP-SMap (limited proteolysis-small molecule mapping), molecular dynamics simulation, co-immunoprecipitation, in vivo mouse fibrosis model, overexpression rescue experiment |
International immunopharmacology |
Medium |
41461119
|
| 2026 |
PSMD14 (a proteasome deubiquitinase) physically interacts with MICALL2 (confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation) and suppresses MICALL2 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby increasing MICALL2 protein levels. DUSP4-mediated dephosphorylation of PSMD14 enhances PSMD14–MICALL2 interaction and amplifies PSMD14's stabilizing effect on MICALL2, promoting ccRCC malignant progression. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, immunoprecipitation for ubiquitination analysis, PSMD14 phosphorylation analysis, siRNA knockdown, Western blotting, in vivo xenograft model |
Journal of translational medicine |
Medium |
42174657
|
| 2025 |
MICALL2 was identified as a candidate substrate of LRRK2 kinase in proximity-labeling mass spectrometry and quantitative phosphoproteomics experiments. LRRK2 inhibitors altered MICALL2 phosphorylation status at the proteome-wide level. |
Proximity labeling mass spectrometry (BioID/TurboID), quantitative phosphoproteomics, LRRK1/2 inhibitor treatment |
bioRxivpreprint |
Low |
bio_10.1101_2025.09.03.674114
|