| 2018 |
Cryo-EM structure of the evolutionarily conserved INO80 core complex from Chaetomium thermophilum bound to a nucleosome (4.3 Å global, 3.7 Å for major parts) revealed: Rvb1/Rvb2 AAA+ ATPase heterohexamer acts as a stator/scaffold; the Swi2/Snf2 ATPase motor binds nucleosomal DNA at superhelical location -6 and unwraps ~15 bp to pump entry DNA; Arp5 and Ies6 bind superhelical locations -2 and -3 as a counter grip; the Arp5 insertion domain forms a grappler element contacting the nucleosome dyad and H2A-H2B acidic patch. Together these elements form a macromolecular ratchet for nucleosome sliding and histone editing. |
Cryo-EM structure + biochemical remodeling assays |
Nature |
High |
29643509
|
| 2018 |
Cryo-EM structure of human INO80 bound to nucleosome showed that INO80 motor domains are located on DNA at the nucleosome entry point (not at SHL2 as in other remodelers), and the ARP5-IES6 module makes contacts on the opposite side of the nucleosome. Uniquely, histone H3 tails regulate the INO80 motor domain activity. |
Cryo-EM structure of human INO80-nucleosome complex |
Nature |
High |
29643506
|
| 2011 |
Human INO80 complex is organized into three modules assembling on distinct hIno80 ATPase domains: (i) N-terminal + metazoan-specific subunits (dispensable for remodeling); (ii) HSA/PTH domain with Arp4, Arp8, and YY1; (iii) Snf2 ATPase domain with Ies2, Ies6, Tip49a/b (RuvBL1/2), and Arp5. The core complex comprising HSA/PTH + Snf2 ATPase domains with YY1 and all conserved subunits is sufficient for ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling. |
Biochemical fractionation, purification of subassemblies, ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling assay |
Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
21303910
|
| 2013 |
In human INO80, Ies2 (Ino Eighty Subunit 2) functions as a potent activator of the intrinsic ATPase activity of Ino80, while Ies6 and Arp5 function together to promote binding of the Ino80 ATPase to nucleosomes—demonstrating that substrate recognition and catalytic activity are separately regulated by distinct subunits. |
In vitro ATPase and nucleosome binding assays with purified subunit combinations |
PNAS |
High |
24297934
|
| 2015 |
EM and 2D class averaging of yeast INO80-C and SWR-C revealed similar overall architectures with a dynamic 'tail' and compact 'head' containing Rvb1/Rvb2 as single heterohexameric rings. The Arp8/Arp4/Act1 module enhances nucleosome-binding affinity but is largely dispensable for remodeling, whereas the Ies6/Arp5 module is essential for INO80-C remodeling activity and controls conformational changes coupling nucleosome binding to remodeling. |
Electron microscopy, 2D class averaging, mass spectrometry, nucleosome remodeling assays with module deletions |
Nature Communications |
High |
25964121
|
| 2016 |
Arp5 and Ies6 form a distinct, abundant subcomplex in vivo that stimulates INO80-mediated nucleosome remodeling activity in vitro. Their genomic occupancy correlates with nucleosome positioning at transcription start sites and expression of >1,000 INO80-regulated genes enriched in energy metabolism pathways; loss of arp5, ies6, or ino80 deregulates glycolysis/oxidative phosphorylation balance, raising mitochondrial potential. |
In vitro remodeling assays, ChIP-seq, genetic deletion phenotyping, metabolic measurements |
Molecular and Cellular Biology |
High |
26755556
|
| 2016 |
Purified recombinant human minimal core INO80 complex (Ino80-truncated + actin, Arp4, Arp5, Arp8, Ies2, Ies6, Tip49a/b) has nucleosome sliding activity. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a non-competitive inhibitor that blocks the stimulatory effect of nucleosomes on ATPase activity by binding the C-terminal region of the Ino80 subunit. Ies2 and Arp5/Ies6 regulate ATPase activity synergistically to couple ATP hydrolysis to nucleosome sliding; an Arp5 bypass mutation restores ATPase in the absence of Ies2. |
Recombinant complex reconstitution in insect cells, nucleosome sliding and ATPase assays, inhibitor studies, bypass mutagenesis |
Nucleic Acids Research |
High |
27257055
|
| 2015 |
Ies2 subunit is required for Arp5-Ies6 association with the catalytic components of the INO80 complex. Assembly of the Arp5-Ies6 module depends on conserved domains within Arp5, Ies6, and the spacer region of the Ino80 ATPase domain. Arp5-Ies6 interacts with chromatin only through assembly with the full INO80 complex. Ectopic Arp5-Ies6 stimulates ATPase and nucleosome sliding, but Arp5 lacking its unique insertion domain stimulates ATPase without promoting nucleosome sliding. |
Affinity purification, in vitro ATPase and nucleosome sliding assays, domain mutagenesis, ChIP |
Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
26306040
|
| 2012 |
The Ies6 subunit is critical for INO80 function in vivo; loss of Ies6 or the Ino80 catalytic subunit leads to rapid ploidy increase, defective chromosome segregation, and altered pericentric chromatin structure due to misincorporation of H2A.Z into pericentric nucleosomes. |
Genetic deletion, flow cytometry (ploidy), chromosome segregation assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation |
Genes & Development |
High |
23207916
|
| 2017 |
INO80-C performs at least two distinct functions during homologous recombination in yeast: DNA end resection and presynaptic filament formation. The second function is linked to H2A.Z removal; deletion of H2A.Z rescues presynaptic filament formation and HR in INO80-C-deficient cells, placing INO80-C-mediated H2A.Z eviction upstream of presynaptic filament assembly. |
Genetic epistasis (double mutants), high-resolution HR assay, live imaging of recombination intermediates |
Cell Reports |
High |
28514650
|
| 2016 |
In budding yeast, Mec1 (ATR ortholog) triggers INO80C- and PAF1C-dependent removal of PAF1C and RNAPII from transcribed genes near early-firing origins under replication stress. Loss of INO80C (like paf1Δ or mec1 mutants) impairs replication fork restart after stalling, revealing genetic cooperation among Mec1, INO80C, and PAF1C in preventing transcription-replication conflicts. |
Genetic epistasis, ChIP, proteomics, replication fork restart assays |
Genes & Development |
High |
26798134
|
| 2010 |
In yeast, INO80-C acts in the same genetic pathway as nucleotide excision repair (NER); Ino80 interacts with the NER damage recognition complex Rad4-Rad23 and is recruited to chromatin by Rad4 in a UV-damage-dependent manner. INO80-C is required for restoration of nucleosome structure after UV lesion repair (chromatin disruption during repair is normal but restoration is defective in ino80 mutants). |
Genetic epistasis, co-immunoprecipitation (Ino80-Rad4-Rad23), modified ChIP, UV sensitivity assays |
Journal of Cell Biology |
High |
21135142
|
| 2015 |
Ino80 chromatin remodeling complex (Ino80C) directly prevents euchromatin invasion into transcriptionally silent chromatin and blocks H3K79 methylation by Dot1 in vitro. Heterochromatin stimulates Ino80C binding in vitro and in vivo, positioning Ino80C as a silencing complex that restricts Pol II transcription to gene units. |
In vitro H3K79 methylation block assay, ChIP-seq, genetic deletion, nascent RNA analysis |
Genes & Development |
High |
25691465
|
| 2020 |
INO80-C co-localizes with the origin recognition complex (ORC) at yeast replication origins and at replication initiation sites in mouse ESCs. In yeast, INO80-C recruitment to origins requires origin sequences but not ORC. INO80-C and Mot1/NC2 function to prevent pervasive transcription through origin sequences; absence of these factors leads to new DNA double-strand breaks, linking INO80C-mediated nucleosome remodeling at origins to genomic stability. |
ChIP-seq, genetic epistasis, nascent transcript sequencing, DSB mapping |
Cell Reports |
High |
32905765
|
| 2021 |
Checkpoint- and INO80C-dependent recruitment of ubiquitin-conjugating factors (Rad6, Bre1, Pep5, Ufd4, Rsp5) to chromatin contributes to core and linker histone depletion after DNA damage, reducing chromatin compaction and enhancing DNA locus mobility. Loss of these factors compromises DNA strand invasion kinetics during homology-driven repair. |
Chromatin proteomics (damage-induced chromatome dynamics), genetic deletions, DNA repair kinetics assay |
Molecular Cell |
Medium |
33529595
|
| 2009 |
In fission yeast, the Ino80 complex mediates ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling in vitro. Deletion of ies6 (or arp8, ies2) causes defects in DNA damage repair, replication stress response, and nucleotide metabolism. The Iec1 subunit (YY1-related) is required for Ino80 binding to target gene promoters and subsequent histone loss on phosphate starvation, revealing that Iec1-Ino80C promotes transcription through nucleosome eviction. |
In vitro nucleosome remodeling assay, genetic deletion, ChIP, gene expression analysis |
Molecular and Cellular Biology |
High |
19933844
|
| 2018 |
The INO80 complex sustains metabolic homeostasis by promoting TORC1-mediated signaling to chromatin: ino80 mutants exhibit defective transcriptional profiles and altered histone acetylation at TORC1-responsive genes. The Ies6 subunit module has a strikingly divergent genetic signature linking INO80 to metabolic homeostasis, including mitochondrial maintenance. |
Genetic screens, transcriptomics, histone acetylation ChIP, genetic interaction analysis |
PLoS Genetics |
Medium |
29462149
|
| 2023 |
Abasic sites and UV-irradiation damage abolish the DNA translocation activity of INO80-C by compromising ATP hydrolysis in the Ino80 catalytic subunit, while nucleosome binding remains intact. INO80-C facilitates AP site cleavage by AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) independently of its DNA translocation activity, defining a novel translocation-independent role in base excision repair. |
In vitro DNA translocation and ATPase assays with damaged nucleosomes, AP site cleavage assay with purified APE1 |
Journal of Biological Chemistry |
High |
37696438
|
| 2024 |
Loss of cytoplasmic actin filaments (via TORC2 inhibition or Las17 degradation) raises nuclear G-actin levels, which stimulates INO80C activity to increase DNA polymerase processivity. Genetic ablation of INO80C activity provides partial resistance to yeast chromosome shattering (YCS), placing elevated INO80C activity as a contributor to conversion of single-strand lesions into double-strand breaks during altered base excision repair. |
Phosphoproteomics, auxin-induced protein degradation, genetic epistasis, chromosome fragmentation assays |
Nature Communications |
Medium |
39548059
|
| 2018 |
Genomic analysis of human INO80-C identified two classes of targets: Canonical INO80 sites enriched for open chromatin and H3K27ac where all three INO80-C modules (RUVBL1/2, MCRS1, YY1) co-occupy; and Non-Canonical INO80 (NC-INO80) sites characterized by inaccessible chromatin and H3K27me3 where only the INO80 ATPase is present. Biochemical pulldown showed INO80-C and the H3K27 acetyltransferase P300 physically interact at canonical sites, while no interaction was detected with EZH2. |
ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, co-immunoprecipitation |
G3 |
Medium |
29432129
|
| 2022 |
ACTR5 (Arp5) and its interacting partner IES6 show HCC-specific functions distinct from other INO80 complex members, suggesting an INO80-independent mechanism of ACTR5/IES6 in supporting hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation through repression of CDKN2A and CDK/E2F-driven cell cycle signaling. |
CRISPR interference screen, CRISPR gene tiling, genetic epistasis, tumor growth assays |
Science Advances |
Medium |
36563143
|
| 2021 |
Loss of INO80-C reduces histone occupancy and chromatin movement at double-strand breaks, impairing ectopic homology-directed repair (HDR), while nucleosome depletion (via Nhp6 loss) increases chromatin movement and HDR. Global histone depletion rather than DSB mobility per se is rate limiting for HDR, placing INO80-C as a regulator of global chromatin decompaction required for efficient strand invasion. |
Live imaging of chromatin dynamics, genetic epistasis, strand invasion kinetics assays |
Molecular Cell |
Medium |
32970994
|
| 2026 |
Deletion of IES6 in S. cerevisiae reduces genome-wide nucleosome spacing by 3 bp and disrupts regular nucleosome arrays across most genes. IES6 deletion is synthetically lethal with deletion of the ISWI-family remodeler ISW2, indicating functional redundancy in nucleosome organization. INO80 binding directly predicts sites where Ies6 is required for nucleosome organization. |
MNase-seq (genome-wide nucleosome mapping), genetic synthetic lethality, ChIP-seq |
Scientific Reports |
Medium |
41720950
|
| 2025 |
In mouse embryonic stem cells, loss of INO80C alters subcompartment organization and a subset of promoter-anchored chromatin looping interactions (detected by promoter capture Micro-C), particularly at bivalent chromatin regions bound by OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and INO80 itself, revealing a role for INO80C in higher-order 3D genome organization beyond nucleosome positioning. |
Hi-C, promoter capture Micro-C, ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq in mESCs with INO80C loss |
Genetics |
Medium |
41642679
|