Affinage

ILF3

Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 · UniProt Q12906

Length
894 aa
Mass
95.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 59 papers cited in narrative 59 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ILF3 (NF90/NF110) is a multifunctional double-stranded RNA-binding protein that, in obligate heterodimer with NF45, governs gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels (PMID:18458058, PMID:22833610, PMID:28062840). NF45 dimerizes with NF90 through the DZF domain — structurally related to nucleotidyltransferases but catalytically inactive — and this association is reciprocally stabilizing and acts as a conformational scaffold that markedly enhances NF90's affinity for single- and double-stranded RNA (PMID:22833610, PMID:18458058, PMID:28062840). As a post-transcriptional regulator, NF90 binds AU-rich and structured 3'UTR elements to control the fate of target mRNAs, stabilizing transcripts such as IL-2, MKP-1, cyclin E1, and PARP1 while translationally repressing others through a defined AU-rich motif without altering stability (PMID:12504009, PMID:18490444, PMID:25399696, PMID:19850717). The complex also acts as an RNA chaperone with annealing and strand-displacement activity (PMID:29040738) and as a negative regulator of miRNA biogenesis, binding the stems of highly stable intronic pri-miRNAs in a manner largely exclusive of the Microprocessor (PMID:19398578, PMID:32427329). In the nucleus ILF3 functions as a chromatin-associated transcriptional regulator, occupying active promoters and enhancers (IL-2, IL-13, c-fos) in complexes with NF45, Ku proteins, and DNA-PK, and through the latter interaction contributes to non-homologous end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks (PMID:17389650, PMID:20051514, PMID:26381409, PMID:29590119, PMID:9442054, PMID:21969602). ILF3 additionally serves as a 60S ribosome biogenesis factor via its dsRNA-binding domains (PMID:26240280) and as a mediator of mTORC1 amino-acid sensing that tethers GATOR complexes to lysosomes (PMID:37037994). Its nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution is controlled by phosphorylation at Ser647 by AKT or PKCβI, which triggers export and downstream mRNA stabilization (PMID:18097023, PMID:20870937), and isoform-specific nucleolar targeting is conferred by an alternatively spliced N-terminal signal (PMID:21811582). In antiviral defense, ILF3 binds viral RNA elements, activates PKR, and promotes stress-granule formation (PMID:24623135, PMID:31701124), while its abundance is set by competing ubiquitination and stabilizing modifications — SPOP-mediated degradation antagonized by EGF-ERK phosphorylation, TRIM47-mediated K48 ubiquitination at Lys297, USP11-mediated deubiquitination, and PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation (PMID:31772275, PMID:34110282, PMID:32509388, PMID:36394342).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 19 steps
  1. 1994 High

    Established ILF3 as a DNA-binding transcription factor subunit by identifying NF90 and NF45 as the components binding the IL-2 promoter antigen receptor response element, defining its founding role in T-cell gene activation.

    Evidence Protein purification, cDNA cloning, immunofluorescence, and EMSA with pharmacological (cyclosporin A/FK506) validation in Jurkat T cells

    PMID:7519613

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct versus bridged DNA contact not resolved
    • Mechanism coupling T-cell stimulation to DNA-binding activity unknown
  2. 1998 High

    Linked NF90/NF45 to DNA double-strand break machinery by showing physical interaction with and phosphorylation by DNA-PK, foreshadowing a DNA repair role.

    Evidence EMSA, in vitro kinase assay, and reciprocal immunoprecipitation with DNA-PKcs/Ku

    PMID:9442054

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of NF90 phosphorylation by DNA-PK not defined here
    • Direct repair contribution established only later
  3. 2003 High

    Revealed how ILF3 is exported from the nucleus by reconstituting an exportin-5/RanGTP/minihelix-RNA quaternary complex, identifying the export receptor and coupling ILF3 trafficking to structured RNA.

    Evidence Gel retardation, GST pulldown, and HeLa nuclear microinjection of VA1 RNA

    PMID:14570900

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether endogenous cellular RNAs use the same export route unclear
    • Relationship to phosphorylation-triggered export not addressed
  4. 2003 High

    Demonstrated that ILF3 is hijacked as a host factor by RNA viruses, binding pestivirus 5' and 3' non-translated regions required for replication.

    Evidence RNA-protein binding, viral RNA mutagenesis, and RNAi in BVDV replication assays

    PMID:14592965

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NF90 promotes or restricts replication context-dependent
    • Direct enzymatic contribution to replication undefined
  5. 2002 High

    Defined ILF3 as a post-transcriptional mRNA regulator by showing AU-rich 3'UTR binding stabilizes IL-2 mRNA and that nuclear export is required for this stabilization, connecting localization to function.

    Evidence RNA-protein binding, mRNA half-life, and subcellular fractionation in activated T cells

    PMID:12504009

    Open questions at the time
    • Signal triggering export not yet identified at this stage
    • Stabilization mechanism (decay factor competition) not resolved
  6. 2005 High

    Provided in vivo genetic proof of a developmental post-transcriptional role: NF90 knockout mice die perinatally with muscle defects traced to direct binding of MyoD and p21 3'UTRs.

    Evidence NF90-/- mouse knockout, Northwestern blotting, and histology

    PMID:15746098

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether 3'UTR binding stabilizes or translationally controls these mRNAs in vivo not dissected
    • Tissue-specific requirement versus global essentiality unclear
  7. 2008 High

    Identified the kinases and phosphosite (Ser647) controlling ILF3 export, showing AKT (CD28) and later PKCβI (PMA) phosphorylation is necessary and sufficient for export and IL-2 mRNA stabilization.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays, phospho-specific antibodies, Ser647Ala mutagenesis, and export/stability readouts

    PMID:18097023 PMID:20870937

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphatase reversing Ser647 unknown
    • How phosphorylation alters export receptor engagement not shown
  8. 2008 High

    Established the NF90-NF45 heterodimer as the functional unit and demonstrated its requirement for cell division, with reciprocal subunit stabilization and multinucleation upon depletion.

    Evidence RNAi depletion of individual subunits, flow cytometry, and time-lapse microscopy

    PMID:18458058

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular target underlying division defect not identified here
    • NF90 versus NF110 functional divergence only partly resolved
  9. 2009 High

    Defined two complementary post-transcriptional mechanisms: translational repression via a discrete AU-rich 3'UTR motif, and negative control of miRNA biogenesis by pri-miRNA binding that excludes the Microprocessor.

    Evidence RIP-seq, polysome profiling, EGFP reporter mutagenesis, and pri/pre/mature miRNA quantification

    PMID:19398578 PMID:19850717

    Open questions at the time
    • How NF90 discriminates repression from stabilization targets unclear
    • Selectivity for specific pri-miRNAs not yet mapped to structure
  10. 2011 High

    Provided direct functional evidence that NF90-NF45 is required for non-homologous end joining, extending the early DNA-PK interaction into a defined DNA repair role.

    Evidence In vitro NHEJ assay with immunodepletion, γH2AX foci, and ionizing radiation sensitivity

    PMID:21969602

    Open questions at the time
    • Step in NHEJ at which NF90/NF45 acts undefined
    • Whether RNA binding is required for repair function not tested
  11. 2012 High

    Provided the structural basis for heterodimer assembly, showing NF45 dimerizes with NF90 through a catalytically dead nucleotidyltransferase-like DZF domain.

    Evidence 1.9-Å X-ray crystallography and Co-IP with interface mutants

    PMID:22833610

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of RNA-bound holocomplex not determined
    • How dimerization is coupled to RNA-binding enhancement not structurally shown
  12. 2015 High

    Identified ILF3 as a ribosome biogenesis factor required for 60S maturation, acting through its dsRNA-binding domains on pre-60S particles.

    Evidence Tandem affinity purification, density gradient sedimentation, RNAi, and rRNA processing/nucleolar morphology analysis

    PMID:26240280

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific rRNA or assembly intermediate substrate not defined
    • Relationship to nucleolar isoform targeting not integrated
  13. 2015 High

    Established ILF3 as a direct transcriptional coactivator independent of RNA binding, reconstituting c-fos activation in vitro with PC4 and Mediator.

    Evidence In vitro transcription reconstitution, ChIP, and dsRBM-inactive mutant analysis

    PMID:26381409

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality across activator-dependent genes not established
    • Contacts with specific general transcription factors not mapped
  14. 2016 High

    Mapped the genome-wide chromatin footprint of NF90/NF110 at active promoters and enhancers and linked occupancy to control of proliferation and differentiation programs.

    Evidence ChIP-seq with ENCODE comparison and RNA-seq after shRNA knockdown in K562

    PMID:29590119

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct versus indirect regulation of individual loci not resolved
    • Mechanism of chromatin recruitment unknown
  15. 2017 High

    Defined the biochemical basis of NF90-NF45 RNA chaperone activity (annealing/strand displacement) and connected nuclear circRNA biogenesis to cytoplasmic antiviral redistribution.

    Evidence In vitro annealing/strand-displacement assays and genome-wide siRNA screen with RIP and fractionation

    PMID:28625552 PMID:29040738

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo substrates of chaperone activity beyond test cases unclear
    • Trigger for infection-induced cytoplasmic translocation not molecularly defined
  16. 2020 High

    Resolved the antiviral pathway placement of ILF3, showing it activates PKR, promotes stress-granule formation, and is required for translation of IFNB1 and a subset of interferon-stimulated genes.

    Evidence Co-IP/domain mapping, PKR phosphorylation and stress-granule assays, and polysome profiling with NGS

    PMID:24623135 PMID:31701124

    Open questions at the time
    • How ILF3 selects ISG transcripts for translation unclear
    • Balance between restriction and pro-viral host-factor roles not unified
  17. 2020 High

    Refined the miRNA biogenesis mechanism, defining the subset of highly stable intronic pri-miRNAs whose stem structure is recognized by NF90 to the exclusion of the Microprocessor.

    Evidence CLIP-seq/RIP-seq, miRNA microarray, and EMSA with RNA structure mutants

    PMID:32427329

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants distinguishing NF90-regulated from unregulated pri-miRNAs incomplete
    • Whether NF45 is required for stem recognition not addressed
  18. 2021 High

    Identified ILF3 as a conserved mediator of mTORC1 amino-acid sensing that tethers GATOR complexes to lysosomes, extending ILF3 beyond nucleic-acid biology into nutrient signaling.

    Evidence Genome-wide CRISPR screen, lysosome-targeting rescue epistasis, and cross-species conservation

    PMID:37037994

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RNA binding contributes to GATOR tethering unknown
    • Direct ILF3-GATOR contacts not structurally defined
  19. 2021 High

    Defined the post-translational control of ILF3 abundance, showing EGF-ERK phosphorylation blocks SPOP-mediated degradation and that TRIM47 (downstream of Tim-3) ubiquitinates Lys297 to drive degradation, with stabilized ILF3 controlling metabolic and antiviral outputs.

    Evidence Ubiquitination assays, site-specific (Lys297) mutagenesis, in vivo PDX and VSV mouse models

    PMID:31772275 PMID:34110282

    Open questions at the time
    • Crosstalk between competing ubiquitination/deubiquitination/methylation events not integrated
    • Whether these PTMs alter localization or only abundance unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ILF3's many functions — transcriptional coactivation, mRNA stability/translation control, miRNA biogenesis, ribosome assembly, DNA repair, and mTORC1 sensing — are partitioned across isoforms, localizations, and PTM states within a single cell remains unresolved.
  • No unifying model linking NF90 versus NF110 isoforms to specific functions
  • Structure of RNA- or DNA-bound functional complexes not determined
  • Rules governing which targets are stabilized versus repressed unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 5 GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0045182 translation regulator activity 3 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 2 GO:0005730 nucleolus 2 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005764 lysosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 1 R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance 1
Partners
EIF2AK2EIF4A1ILF2NS5APERKPRKDCXRCC5XRCC6
Complex memberships
DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs–Ku) complexNF110-NF45 heterodimerNF90-NF45 heterodimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 59 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 NF90 (90-kDa subunit) and NF45 (45-kDa subunit) together constitute the NF-AT transcription factor complex that binds the antigen receptor response element in the IL-2 promoter; immunofluorescence demonstrated both proteins are nuclear in Jurkat T-cells, and the complex's DNA-binding activity is enhanced by T-cell stimulation but blocked by cyclosporin A or FK506. Protein purification, cDNA cloning, polyhistidine-tag affinity purification, immunofluorescence microscopy, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) The Journal of biological chemistry High 7519613
1998 NF90 and NF45 physically interact with DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs and Ku subunits), stabilize the DNA-PKcs–Ku–DNA complex, and are substrates for DNA-PK phosphorylation in vitro; recombinant NF90 promotes DNA-PKcs–Ku–DNA complex formation, and antibodies to NF90 or NF45 immunoprecipitate DNA-PKcs. EMSA, amino-terminal sequence analysis, immunoblotting, in vitro kinase assay, immunoprecipitation The Journal of biological chemistry High 9442054
2000 TCP80/NF90 binds the coding region of glucocerebrosidase (GCase) mRNA and inhibits its translation by reducing polysome association, an activity reconstituted in insect Sf9 cells that lack endogenous NF90. Baculovirus/Sf9 insect cell reconstitution, in vitro translation assay, polysome sedimentation, RNA binding assay Molecular genetics and metabolism High 10873392
2001 NFAR-1 (NF90, 90 kDa) and NFAR-2 (NF110, 110 kDa), derived from the same gene by alternative splicing, are phosphorylated by PKR, reciprocally co-immunoprecipitate with PKR, colocalize with PKR in the nucleus, associate with both pre-mRNAs and spliced mRNAs, and interact with RNA-processing factors FUS and SMN via their C-termini. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular colocalization, in vitro phosphorylation assay, transfection-based gene expression assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 11438536
2002 NF90 binds the AU-rich element-containing 3'UTR of IL-2 mRNA, slows its degradation, and nuclear export of NF90 to the cytoplasm upon T-cell activation is required for IL-2 mRNA stabilization. RNA–protein binding assay, mRNA half-life measurement, subcellular fractionation, T-cell stimulation assays Molecular cell High 12504009
2003 ILF3 preferentially binds minihelix-motif RNAs (e.g., adenovirus VA1 RNA) and assembles a quaternary export complex with exportin-5, RanGTP, and the RNA; this complex mediates co-transport of VA1 RNA and ILF3 from nucleus to cytoplasm, identifying exportin-5 as the export receptor for ILF3. Gel retardation assay, GST pulldown, microinjection in HeLa cell nuclei, transfection experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 14570900
2003 NFAR proteins (NF90/NF110 group) are recruited by the BVDV replication machinery through specific binding to both 5' and 3' non-translated regions of the viral RNA; mutation of the NF90 interaction sites in the 3'NTR yields replication-deficient RNA, and RNAi depletion of RNA helicase A (an NFAR group member) inhibits replication. RNA–protein binding assay, viral RNA mutagenesis, RNAi knockdown, viral replication assay The EMBO journal High 14592965
2003 Cell-cycle-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of TCP110/ILF3 is directed by a C-terminal nuclear localization signal; TCP80 (NF90) remains stable in the cytoplasm (t½ ~5 days), whereas TCP110/ILF3 translocates between cytoplasm and nucleus during the cell cycle. Subcellular fractionation, 5'RACE cDNA cloning, metabolic turnover assay, immunofluorescence Molecular genetics and metabolism Medium 14654356
2004 Ilf3 and NF90 directly bind the axonal targeting element (stem-loop in the 3'UTR) of Tau mRNA via their double-stranded RNA-binding motifs; both proteins are detected in neuronal nuclei, cell bodies, and proximal neuritic segments, consistent with a role in Tau mRNA translocation. Northwestern blotting, specific antibodies, immunolocalization FASEB journal Medium 15364895
2005 NF90 knockout mice die perinatally from neuromuscular respiratory failure with skeletal muscle disorganization, decreased myofiber number, and severely reduced expression of MyoD, myogenin, and p21WAF1/CIP1; Northwestern blotting identified NF90 as the principal RNA-binding protein for the p21 and MyoD 3'UTRs in developing muscle, establishing a direct post-transcriptional role in muscle differentiation. Gene knockout (NF90−/− mice), Northwestern blotting, histology, immunohistochemistry The Journal of biological chemistry High 15746098
2007 NF90 and NF45 together with Ku80 and Ku70 bind specifically to the IL-2 ARRE/NF-AT DNA sequence in vivo; T-cell activation induces binding of Ku80 and NF90 but decreases Ku70 binding at the IL-2 promoter, and these dynamic changes are blocked by cyclosporin A and triptolide. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), EMSA with monoclonal antibody inhibition, purification from activated Jurkat nuclei Nucleic acids research High 17389650
2007 NF90ctv (C-terminal variant of NF90) binds the HIV-1 TAR RNA with high affinity, competes with Tat for TAR binding in vitro, inhibits Tat-transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR in vivo, and is associated with histone H3K4/K9 methylation changes consistent with transcriptional repression. TAR RNA affinity fractionation, Northwestern blotting, EMSA, luciferase transactivation assay, chromatin histone methylation analysis Retrovirology Medium 17565699
2008 AKT phosphorylates NF90 at Ser647 in response to CD28 costimulation; this phosphorylation is necessary and sufficient for nuclear export of NF90 and subsequent IL-2 mRNA stabilization, as a Ser647→Ala mutation abolishes both nuclear export and mRNA stabilization. In vitro kinase assay, phospho-specific antibody, site-directed mutagenesis, nuclear export assay, mRNA stability assay, T-cell stimulation Journal of immunology High 18097023
2008 NF90 and NF45 form heterodimeric core complexes (NF90-NF45 and NF110-NF45); depletion of NF45 dramatically decreases NF90/NF110 protein levels (posttranscriptional destabilization), and depletion of NF90 (but not NF110) greatly reduces NF45; depletion of the NF90-NF45 complex retards cell growth by inhibiting DNA synthesis and causes giant multinucleated cells, revealing a specific role in cell division. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown, flow cytometry, immunoblot, cell growth assay, time-lapse microscopy Molecular and cellular biology High 18458058
2008 NF90 and HuR bind the AU-rich 3'UTR of MKP-1 mRNA; H2O2 treatment increases association of MKP-1 mRNA with HuR and NF90 and decreases association with translational repressors TIAR and TIA-1; silencing NF90 or HuR diminishes H2O2-stimulated MKP-1 mRNA stability, and HuR silencing also reduces MKP-1 translation. Ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP), biotinylated RNA pulldown, mRNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown Molecular and cellular biology High 18490444
2008 NFAR-1 and NFAR-2 retain cellular transcripts in intranuclear foci and regulate mRNA export; loss of NFAR function (embryonic lethal) increases protein synthesis rates; NFAR-depleted murine fibroblasts are dramatically susceptible to VSV replication, demonstrating an innate immune translational surveillance function. NFAR knockout (embryonic lethal), RNA export assay, polysome/translation rate measurement, VSV infection assay in NFAR-depleted cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 18337511
2009 The NF90-NF45 complex functions as a negative regulator of miRNA biogenesis: overexpression inhibits pri-miRNA processing to pre-miRNA, causing pri-miRNA accumulation; the complex binds pri-miRNAs (e.g., pri-let-7a) but does not interact with the Microprocessor, suggesting it blocks Microprocessor access; depletion of NF90 reduces pri-let-7a and increases mature let-7a. Overexpression and RNAi knockdown, pri-miRNA/pre-miRNA/mature miRNA quantification, RNA polymerase II inhibitor experiments, RNA immunoprecipitation Molecular and cellular biology High 19398578
2009 NF90 binds an AU-rich 25–30 nucleotide RNA motif in the 3'UTR of target mRNAs and represses their translation without significantly affecting mRNA stability; insertion of this NF90 motif into an EGFP reporter 3'UTR specifically confers NF90-dependent translational repression as shown by polysome gradient analysis. RIP-seq, biotinylated transcript pulldown, polysome gradient analysis, EGFP reporter assay, siRNA knockdown Nucleic acids research High 19850717
2010 PKCβI phosphorylates NF90 at Ser647 in response to PMA stimulation, triggering nuclear export of NF90 and stabilization of IL-2 mRNA; Ser647→Ala mutation abolishes PMA-induced nuclear export and IL-2 mRNA stabilization. In vitro kinase assay with PKCβI, phospho-specific antibody, site-directed mutagenesis, nuclear export assay, mRNA stability assay Journal of immunology High 20870937
2010 NF45 and NF90 bind the HS4 element of the IL-13 promoter in T cells and are required for HS4-dependent IL-13 transcriptional activation; the CTGTT binding motif within HS4-3' is critical, and HS4 activity is abrogated in NF45+/− primary Th2 cells and reduced in NF90+/− cells. DNA affinity chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, ChIP, EMSA, reporter transfection in primary Th2 cells from NF45+/− and NF90+/− mice The Journal of biological chemistry High 20051514
2011 The NF90-NF45 complex is required for DNA double-strand break repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ): immunodepletion of NF90/NF45 reduces in vitro NHEJ activity comparably to DNA-PKcs depletion; NF90/NF45-depleted cells accumulate γ-H2A.X foci and are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation. In vitro NHEJ assay with immunodepletion, γ-H2A.X foci quantification, ionizing radiation sensitivity assay, time-lapse microscopy, RNAi knockdown Molecular and cellular biology High 21969602
2011 NF90 binds the dengue virus 3' stem-loop RNA via affinity chromatography; NF90 depletion by siRNA reduces dengue RNA levels and infectious virus production by 50–70%; cytoplasmic relocalization of NF90 occurs in dengue-infected cells. RNA affinity column chromatography, siRNA knockdown, viral RNA quantification, infectious virus titration, immunofluorescence PloS one High 21386893
2012 NF45 dimerizes with NF90 (and related proteins SPNR and Zfr) through the DZF domain, which has structural similarity to the template-free nucleotidyltransferase family but lacks catalytic residues; crystal structure at 1.9-Å resolution reveals the dimerization interface, confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation with site-specific mutants. X-ray crystallography (1.9 Å), co-immunoprecipitation with site-directed mutants Nucleic acids research High 22833610
2012 YM155 directly binds ILF3 and disrupts the ILF3/p54(nrb) complex, causing different subcellular localization of ILF3 and p54(nrb), which results in suppression of survivin promoter activity. Small-molecule binding assay, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular localization analysis, survivin promoter activity assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 22842455
2012 NF90 coordinately represses translation (not stability) of multiple SASP factor mRNAs (MCP-1, GROα, IL-6, IL-8) in proliferating fibroblasts; NF90 levels decline in senescent cells, allowing SASP factor expression to rise. RIP, siRNA knockdown, ELISA for secreted proteins, mRNA stability assay, immunoblot Aging Medium 23117626
2012 Depletion of NF90/NF45 in HPV-transformed cervical carcinoma cells restores p53 protein (post-transcriptionally, not at mRNA level) and p21 (via p53-dependent transcription); NF90 knockdown attenuates HPV E6 RNA levels and inhibits transcription from the HPV early promoter, revealing that NF90/NF45 supports viral E6 expression. siRNA knockdown, RT-PCR, immunoblot, PARP cleavage assay, camptothecin sensitivity assay Oncogene High 23208500
2014 NF90 binds the 5'-terminal double-stranded region of the HCV genome; siRNA depletion of NF90 significantly impairs HCV RNA replication and reduces infectious virus yields; NF90 co-immunoprecipitates with NS5A in an RNA-dependent manner and co-fractionates with detergent-resistant membranes containing viral replication complexes. Biotinylated RNA pulldown with mass spectrometry, siRNA knockdown, viral RNA quantification, co-immunoprecipitation, detergent-resistant membrane fractionation Journal of virology High 24719423
2014 NF90 interacts with PKR through its C-terminal domain independently of NF90 RNA-binding properties; NF90 knockdown reduces PKR phosphorylation in response to dsRNA/influenza infection; NF90 is a component of stress granules, and NF90 depletion reduces dsRNA-induced stress granule formation; an NS1 mutant influenza virus specifically attenuated in PKR inhibition replicates indistinguishably from WT in NF90-depleted cells, placing NF90 in the PKR–stress granule antiviral pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation, C-terminal domain mapping, siRNA knockdown, PKR phosphorylation assay, stress granule immunofluorescence, viral replication assay with NS1 mutant Journal of immunology High 24623135
2014 NF90 binds the 3'UTR of cyclin E1 mRNA in vitro and in vivo (RIP), stabilizing it; NF90 knockdown decreases cyclin E1 mRNA half-life, delays G1/S transition, and inhibits HCC tumor growth in xenografts; ectopic NF90 expression rescues cyclin E1 mRNA stability. RIP, 3'UTR binding assay, mRNA half-life measurement (actinomycin D chase), siRNA knockdown, xenograft tumor assay, flow cytometry Oncogene High 25399696
2015 The NF45/NF90 heterodimer associates with pre-60S ribosomal particles via NF90's double-stranded RNA-binding domains (identified by tandem affinity purification); depletion of NF45 and NF90 causes a 60S biogenesis defect, altered nucleolar morphology (spherical nucleoli), and a p53/p21 stress response suppressible by RPL11 depletion. Tandem affinity purification, density gradient sedimentation, RNAi knockdown, nucleolar morphology imaging, immunoblot, rRNA processing analysis Molecular and cellular biology High 26240280
2015 Cold-inducible RBM3 inhibits PERK phosphorylation through cooperation with NF90; NF90 is a novel interacting protein of PERK (identified by affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry, confirmed by co-IP and proximity ligation assay), and this NF90–PERK interaction is RNA-dependent and required for RBM3-mediated inhibition of the PERK–eIF2α–CHOP ER stress pathway. Affinity purification with mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, RBM3 knockout mouse organotypic cultures, siRNA knockdown, PERK phosphorylation assay FASEB journal High 26472337
2011 Alternatively spliced exon 3 of Ilf3/NF90 encodes a 13-amino-acid N-terminal motif that acts as a nucleolar localization signal; four arginines are essential for nucleolar targeting and three histidines stabilize proteins in the nucleolus; the long isoforms (L-Ilf3 and L-NF90) localize to the granular component of the nucleolus and exchange rapidly between nucleoli (FRAP); posttranslational modifications abrogate nucleolar targeting of L-Ilf3. Subcellular fractionation, confocal microscopy, FRAP, deletion and substitution mutagenesis, recombinant protein expression PloS one High 21811582
2015 The NF45-NF90 and NF45-NF110 complexes act as direct transcriptional coactivators of the c-fos gene in a defined in vitro transcription system; their coactivator activity requires both the upstream enhancer and core promoter regions but not their dsRNA-binding activities; they cooperate with PC4 and Mediator and interact with activators and general transcription machinery; ChIP shows dynamic occupancy on the c-fos gene. In vitro transcription reconstitution, ChIP, RNAi knockdown, domain mutagenesis (dsRBM-inactive mutant), protein–protein interaction assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 26381409
2016 NF90/NF110 occupies ~9,081 genomic sites in K562 cells, predominantly at active promoters and strong enhancers co-localizing with POLR2A, MYC, and YY1; NF90/NF110 knockdown activates proliferative transcription factors (EGR1, MYC) and suppresses erythroid differentiation (KLF1), establishing NF90/NF110 as a chromatin-associated transcriptional regulator. ChIP-seq, RNA-seq after shRNA knockdown, comparison with 150 ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets PloS one High 29590119
2016 NF90-NF45 complex binds pri-miR-7-1 in vitro and inhibits its processing to mature miR-7; NF90/NF45 depletion elevates mature miR-7, reducing EGFR levels and AKT phosphorylation in HCC cells. miRNA microarray, qRT-PCR, in vitro RNA binding assay, overexpression and siRNA knockdown, immunoblot The Journal of biological chemistry High 27519414
2016 NF90 is a novel interacting protein of IAV nonstructural protein NS1 (interaction dependent on NS1 RNA-binding properties); NS1 simultaneously associates with NF90 and PKR but restricts NF90–PKR interaction; NF90 coexpression antagonizes NS1-mediated inhibition of PKR phosphorylation and stress granule formation. Co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping, PKR phosphorylation assay, stress granule immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown FEBS letters Medium 27423063
2016 Formation of the NF90–NF45 heterodimer substantially improves NF90's RNA-binding capacity, affinity for both single- and double-stranded RNA, and alters its binding mode; NF45 acts as a conformational scaffold that enables cooperative interplay between NF90's RNA-binding motifs. Biophysical binding assays (ITC/SPR), biochemical RNA-binding assays with purified recombinant proteins, thermodynamic stability measurements The Biochemical journal High 28062840
2017 NF90/NF110 promote circRNA biogenesis in the nucleus by associating with intronic RNA pairs flanking circRNA-forming exons; NF90/NF110 also interact with mature circRNAs in the cytoplasm; upon viral infection, NF90/NF110 translocate to the cytoplasm, reducing circRNA production and becoming available to bind viral mRNAs as part of antiviral response. Genome-wide siRNA screen, circRNA expression reporter, RIP, subcellular fractionation, viral infection assay, fluorescence imaging Molecular cell High 28625552
2017 NF90-NF45 acts as a selective RNA chaperone: NF90 alone has RNA annealing and strand displacement activity via a 'matchmaking' plus charge-compensation mechanism; NF45 binding enhances matchmaking efficiency and substantially increases RNA chaperone activity; this activity stimulates the first step of HCV RNA replication in vitro and stabilizes regulatory structures in VEGF mRNA. In vitro RNA annealing and strand displacement assays, HCV RNA replication in vitro assay, RNA structure probing, biochemical binding assays with purified recombinant NF90 and NF90-NF45 Nucleic acids research High 29040738
2018 NF90/NF110 controls DICER expression by inhibiting processing of miR-3173 embedded in DICER pre-mRNA; miR-3173 in turn targets NF90, establishing a feedback amplification loop; NF90 overexpression in a nude mouse model reduces ovarian cancer proliferation, tumor size, and metastasis. miRNA processing assay, NF90 overexpression/knockdown, xenograft mouse model, miR-3173 reporter and functional assays Cell research High 29563539
2018 NF90 (ILF3) selectively suppresses translation of wild-type BAFF mRNA (but not the disease-associated BAFF-var mRNA lacking the NF90-binding 3'UTR region) by recruiting miR-15a to the BAFF-WT 3'UTR; this reveals a paradigm in which a UTR polymorphism prevents NF90-mediated miRNA recruitment and raises BAFF protein levels. RNA immunoprecipitation, reporter assays, miRNA pulldown/recruitment assay, translation measurement Nucleic acids research Medium 30272251
2019 ILF3 is a substrate of the E3 ligase SPOP: EGF-MEK-ERK signaling phosphorylates ILF3, which prevents SPOP-mediated poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ILF3; stabilized ILF3 then directly binds and stabilizes SGOC pathway gene mRNAs, promoting serine biosynthesis and colorectal cancer growth. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, phosphorylation assay, mRNA stability assay, RIP, patient-derived xenograft tumor model Cell research High 31772275
2019 SRSF3 regulates alternative splicing of ILF3 by binding RNA sequence motifs to control exon 18 inclusion/exclusion or alternative 3' splice site selection, generating ILF3 isoforms 1 and 2 (pro-proliferative) versus isoforms 5 and 7 (anti-proliferative); isoform-7 induces apoptosis. Alternative splicing reporter assay, minigene splicing assay, siRNA knockdown of SRSF3, cancer cell proliferation and transformation assays RNA High 30796096
2019 ILF3 binds the SINEUP lncRNA AS Uchl1 through its RNA-binding motif 2 (RBM2) interacting with the embedded inverted SINE B2 (invSINEB2) element; ILF3 also binds a free Alu monomer sequence and transcriptome-wide SINE sequences; the invSINEB2 element moderately influences AS Uchl1 nuclear localization in an ILF3-dependent manner. RNA-interacting domainome technology, RNA pulldown, CLIP/eCLIP bioinformatic analysis, domain mutagenesis (RBM2), subcellular localization assay FASEB journal Medium 31570000
2019 NF90 stabilizes PARP1 mRNA through binding to its 3'UTR (identified by RIP-seq and confirmed by 3'UTR assay); NF90 depletion decreases PARP1 mRNA and protein levels and sensitizes cells to PARP inhibitor Olaparib. RIP-seq, mRNA stability assay with 3'UTR reporter, siRNA knockdown, drug sensitivity assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 28487110
2020 ILF3 is an essential host factor for efficient translation of IFNB1 and a subset of interferon-stimulated genes under conditions where cap-dependent translation is compromised; polysome profiling combined with next-generation sequencing showed ILF3 is required to establish both dsRNA-induced transcriptional and translational antiviral programs. Polysome profiling with next-generation sequencing, siRNA knockdown, IFNB1 reporter and protein assay, dsRNA stimulation Nucleic acids research High 31701124
2020 NF90 modulates the processing of a subset (~38) of highly stable, intronic pri-miRNAs: NF90 associates with the stem region of these pri-miRNAs in a manner largely exclusive of Microprocessor; loss of NF90 increases mature miRNA from 22 bound targets; mutations that destabilize pri-miRNA structure reduce NF90 binding as shown by EMSA. CLIP-seq/RIP-seq, miRNA microarray, EMSA with RNA structure mutants, NF90 knockdown Nucleic acids research High 32427329
2020 ILF3 stabilizes NEAT1 lncRNA through direct interaction; ATF3 transcriptionally represses ILF3 (ChIP assay shows ATF3 binding to ILF3 promoter); the ATF3/ILF3/NEAT1 axis regulates macrophage M2 polarization. RIP assay, RNA pulldown, RNA stability assay, ChIP assay, luciferase reporter, siRNA knockdown Molecular medicine Medium 38395749
2021 ILF3 is required for mTORC1-dependent amino acid sensing: ILF3 tethers the GATOR complexes to lysosomes; artificially targeting GATOR2 component WDR24 to lysosomes bypasses the requirement for ILF3; ILF3's role is evolutionarily conserved in human cells, mouse cells, and C. elegans. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen (FACS-based pS6 assay), lysosome-targeting rescue experiment, epistasis analysis with GATOR complexes, cross-species conservation studies Nature cell biology High 37037994
2021 Tim-3 promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of NF90 via recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM47, which targets the zinc finger domain of NF90 at Lys297 via K48-linked ubiquitination; Tim-3 inactivation enhances NF90-dependent stress granule formation (increased PKR phosphorylation, eIF2α phosphorylation, G3BP1, and TIA-1) and protects mice from VSV challenge. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay (K48-linked), site-specific mutagenesis (Lys297), Tim-3 genetic inactivation, VSV infection mouse model, stress granule immunofluorescence eLife High 34110282
2021 Macrophage ILF3 increases NF-κB activity by hastening p105 mRNA decay and represses anti-inflammatory Nrf2 signaling by facilitating ILF3/eIF4A1 complex-mediated enhancement of Keap1 translational efficiency, promoting abdominal aortic aneurysm progression. Multi-omics analysis, macrophage-specific transgenic and KO mice, mRNA stability assay (p105), translation efficiency assay (Keap1), co-immunoprecipitation (ILF3/eIF4A1), multiplex immunohistochemistry Nature communications High 39179537
2021 ILF3 regulates ILF3 mRNA stability: ILF3 directly binds ILF3-AS1 and increases its transcript stability; HNRNPA2B1 recognizes m6A sites on ILF3 mRNA and enhances its stability, which in turn promotes AKT3 expression. m6A site mapping, RIP, mRNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown, immunohistochemistry Journal of hematology & oncology Medium 33794982
2021 ILF3 (NF90/NF110) suppresses dendritic cell maturation and innate immune responses through a nuclear localization sequence-dependent mechanism, not through its dsRNA-binding domains; the DZF domain of NF110 isoform is additionally required; ILF3 regulates genes associated with cholesterol homeostasis alongside DC maturation genes. SiRNA depletion and overexpression in human monocyte-derived DCs, NLS and DZF domain mutagenesis, flow cytometry for DC maturation markers, RNA-seq Journal of immunology High 34031149
2021 circACTA2 competes with CDK4 mRNA for binding to ILF3 (both shown by oligo pulldown and RIP); Ang II increases circACTA2 expression, facilitating its association with ILF3, thereby reducing ILF3-CDK4 mRNA interaction, decreasing CDK4 mRNA stability and protein levels, and promoting VSMC senescence. Oligo pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), mRNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown of circACTA2, cellular senescence assay (SA β-gal, p21/CDK4 levels) Aging Medium 33885378
2023 circSLC38A1 interacts with ILF3 (RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, RIP) and stabilizes ILF3 protein by modulating its ubiquitination; the circSLC38A1–ILF3 complex drives transcription of TGF-β2, promoting bladder cancer invasion and metastasis. RNA pulldown with mass spectrometry, RIP, ubiquitination assay, CUT&Tag-seq, RNA-seq, in vivo mouse metastasis model Cell death & disease Medium 36697384
2023 PRMT1 mediates arginine methylation of ILF3, stabilizing the ILF3 protein; stabilized ILF3 in turn binds and stabilizes IL-8 mRNA, promoting M2 polarization of macrophages and prostate cancer progression. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, mass spectrometry, RNA pulldown, RIP, in vivo mouse model Carcinogenesis Medium 36394342
2024 Lefamulin directly binds the Ala99 site of ILF3 protein and interferes with GCN5/CBP-mediated acetylation of Lys100, disrupting ILF3-mediated transcription of MRPL12 and impairing mitochondrial biogenesis/function; this mechanism underlies lefamulin's ability to overcome sorafenib resistance in HCC. Drug–protein binding assay (direct binding to Ala99), site-directed mutagenesis (Lys100), acetylation assay (GCN5/CBP), ChIP/CUT&Tag for MRPL12 transcription, CDX and hydrodynamic mouse models Advanced science Medium 38874478
2020 USP11 interacts with NF90 and promotes its deubiquitination, thereby stabilizing NF90 protein levels in HCC cells; the effect of USP11 on HCC cell proliferation and metastasis is dependent on NF90. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown epistasis, in vivo mouse model American journal of cancer research Medium 32509388
2024 Hyperglycemia/AGEs increase vascular smooth muscle cell NF90 activity; NF90 then stabilizes FBXW7 mRNA, and increased FBXW7 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of AGE receptor 1 (AGER1), causing accumulation of AGEs and atherosclerotic calcification; VSMC-specific NF90/110 knockout in male mice decreases AGEs-induced calcification. VSMC-specific NF90/110 KO mice, mRNA stability assay (FBXW7), ubiquitination assay (AGER1), multi-omics, immunohistochemistry Nature communications High 38862515

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2017 Coordinated circRNA Biogenesis and Function with NF90/NF110 in Viral Infection. Molecular cell 528 28625552
2008 MKP-1 mRNA stabilization and translational control by RNA-binding proteins HuR and NF90. Molecular and cellular biology 188 18490444
2002 Nuclear export of NF90 is required for interleukin-2 mRNA stabilization. Molecular cell 161 12504009
1994 Cloning and expression of cyclosporin A- and FK506-sensitive nuclear factor of activated T-cells: NF45 and NF90. The Journal of biological chemistry 157 7519613
2009 The NF90-NF45 complex functions as a negative regulator in the microRNA processing pathway. Molecular and cellular biology 151 19398578
2003 Members of the NF90/NFAR protein group are involved in the life cycle of a positive-strand RNA virus. The EMBO journal 145 14592965
2017 TGFβ1 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance through Regulating the LncRNA-LET/NF90/miR-145 Signaling Axis in Bladder Cancer. Theranostics 136 28839463
2021 HNRNPA2B1 promotes multiple myeloma progression by increasing AKT3 expression via m6A-dependent stabilization of ILF3 mRNA. Journal of hematology & oncology 131 33794982
2014 Ilf3 and NF90 functions in RNA biology. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 120 25327818
2018 Long non-coding RNA DANCR stabilizes HIF-1α and promotes metastasis by interacting with NF90/NF45 complex in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Theranostics 112 30555573
1998 DNA-dependent protein kinase interacts with antigen receptor response element binding proteins NF90 and NF45. The Journal of biological chemistry 112 9442054
2001 Characterization of two evolutionarily conserved, alternatively spliced nuclear phosphoproteins, NFAR-1 and -2, that function in mRNA processing and interact with the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR. The Journal of biological chemistry 107 11438536
2008 Nuclear factor 45 (NF45) is a regulatory subunit of complexes with NF90/110 involved in mitotic control. Molecular and cellular biology 99 18458058
2009 NF90 selectively represses the translation of target mRNAs bearing an AU-rich signature motif. Nucleic acids research 96 19850717
2019 ILF3 is a substrate of SPOP for regulating serine biosynthesis in colorectal cancer. Cell research 92 31772275
2005 NF90 regulates cell cycle exit and terminal myogenic differentiation by direct binding to the 3'-untranslated region of MyoD and p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNAs. The Journal of biological chemistry 88 15746098
2011 NF90 binds the dengue virus RNA 3' terminus and is a positive regulator of dengue virus replication. PloS one 77 21386893
2003 Minihelix-containing RNAs mediate exportin-5-dependent nuclear export of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein ILF3. The Journal of biological chemistry 71 14570900
2014 hnRNP L and NF90 interact with hepatitis C virus 5'-terminal untranslated RNA and promote efficient replication. Journal of virology 65 24719423
2012 Sepantronium bromide (YM155) induces disruption of the ILF3/p54(nrb) complex, which is required for survivin expression. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 65 22842455
2014 Regulation of cell cycle of hepatocellular carcinoma by NF90 through modulation of cyclin E1 mRNA stability. Oncogene 64 25399696
2000 Alternative splicing in the human interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) gene. Gene 64 11167023
2008 Nuclear export of NF90 to stabilize IL-2 mRNA is mediated by AKT-dependent phosphorylation at Ser647 in response to CD28 costimulation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 63 18097023
2011 The NF90/NF45 complex participates in DNA break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Molecular and cellular biology 59 21969602
2016 Suppression of MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) Biogenesis by Nuclear Factor 90-Nuclear Factor 45 Complex (NF90-NF45) Controls Cell Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. The Journal of biological chemistry 58 27519414
2008 NFAR-1 and -2 modulate translation and are required for efficient host defense. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 58 18337511
2007 Dynamic binding of Ku80, Ku70 and NF90 to the IL-2 promoter in vivo in activated T-cells. Nucleic acids research 58 17389650
2015 Cold-inducible RBM3 inhibits PERK phosphorylation through cooperation with NF90 to protect cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 54 26472337
2012 NF45 dimerizes with NF90, Zfr and SPNR via a conserved domain that has a nucleotidyltransferase fold. Nucleic acids research 54 22833610
2012 Induction of p53, p21 and apoptosis by silencing the NF90/NF45 complex in human papilloma virus-transformed cervical carcinoma cells. Oncogene 54 23208500
2010 NF45 and NF90 regulate HS4-dependent interleukin-13 transcription in T cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 20051514
2019 Oncogenic splicing factor SRSF3 regulates ILF3 alternative splicing to promote cancer cell proliferation and transformation. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 52 30796096
2004 Ilf3 and NF90 associate with the axonal targeting element of Tau mRNA. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 47 15364895
2022 LncRNA ELF3-AS1 inhibits gastric cancer by forming a negative feedback loop with SNAI2 and regulates ELF3 mRNA stability via interacting with ILF2/ILF3 complex. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 46 36457025
2020 lncRNA AK085865 Promotes Macrophage M2 Polarization in CVB3-Induced VM by Regulating ILF2-ILF3 Complex-Mediated miRNA-192 Biogenesis. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 43 32668391
2017 Long noncoding RNA ILF3-AS1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via negatively regulating miR-200b/a/429 in melanoma. Bioscience reports 43 28935763
2014 NF90 exerts antiviral activity through regulation of PKR phosphorylation and stress granules in infected cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 42 24623135
2012 NF90 coordinately represses the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Aging 42 23117626
2011 Correlations among ERCC1, XPB, UBE2I, EGF, TAL2 and ILF3 revealed by gene signatures of histological subtypes of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncology reports 42 21971700
2020 Long non-coding RNA TPT1-AS1 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer through TPT1-AS1/NF90/VEGFA signaling pathway. Aging 40 32248186
2017 LincIN, a novel NF90-binding long non-coding RNA, is overexpressed in advanced breast tumors and involved in metastasis. Breast cancer research : BCR 38 28558830
2015 Senescence-associated Long Non-coding RNA (SALNR) Delays Oncogene-induced Senescence through NF90 Regulation. The Journal of biological chemistry 38 26491010
2013 NF90 in posttranscriptional gene regulation and microRNA biogenesis. International journal of molecular sciences 38 23965975
2010 IL-2 mRNA stabilization upon PMA stimulation is dependent on NF90-Ser647 phosphorylation by protein kinase CbetaI. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 38 20870937
1999 Cloning and characterization of the mouse interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (Ilf3) homolog in a screen for RNA binding proteins. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 38 10337617
2014 NF90 isoforms, a new family of cellular proteins involved in viral replication? Biochimie 37 25447144
2019 LncRNA MEG3 contributes to adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cells by downregulated ILF3 and autophagy inhibition via regulation PI3K-AKT-mTOR and beclin-1 signaling pathway. Journal of cellular biochemistry 36 31144362
2021 circACTA2 mediates Ang II-induced VSMC senescence by modulation of the interaction of ILF3 with CDK4 mRNA. Aging 35 33885378
2020 LncRNA ILF3-AS1 mediated the occurrence of epilepsy through suppressing hippocampal miR-212 expression. Aging 35 32404536
2020 Long non-coding RNA ELDR enhances oral cancer growth by promoting ILF3-cyclin E1 signaling. EMBO reports 35 33043604
2019 Upregulation of ERp57 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by initiating a STAT3/ILF3 feedback loop. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 34 31747963
2015 The NF45/NF90 Heterodimer Contributes to the Biogenesis of 60S Ribosomal Subunits and Influences Nucleolar Morphology. Molecular and cellular biology 33 26240280
2000 Reconstitution of TCP80/NF90 translation inhibition activity in insect cells. Molecular genetics and metabolism 33 10873392
2023 Characterization of circSCL38A1 as a novel oncogene in bladder cancer via targeting ILF3/TGF-β2 signaling axis. Cell death & disease 30 36697384
2023 Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify ILF3 as a mediator of mTORC1-dependent amino acid sensing. Nature cell biology 30 37037994
2007 Nuclear Factor 90(NF90) targeted to TAR RNA inhibits transcriptional activation of HIV-1. Retrovirology 30 17565699
2021 Long non-coding RNA ILF3-AS1 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by stabilizing ILF3 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. Human cell 29 34491544
2020 ILF3 contributes to the establishment of the antiviral type I interferon program. Nucleic acids research 29 31701124
2019 SP1-mediated upregulation of lncRNA ILF3-AS1 functions a ceRNA for miR-212 to contribute to osteosarcoma progression via modulation of SOX5. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 30819403
2019 MiR-215-5p inhibits the inflammation injury in septic H9c2 by regulating ILF3 and LRRFIP1. International immunopharmacology 28 31806569
2017 NF90 regulates PARP1 mRNA stability in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 28487110
2018 NF90/ILF3 is a transcription factor that promotes proliferation over differentiation by hierarchical regulation in K562 erythroleukemia cells. PloS one 27 29590119
2020 NF90 modulates processing of a subset of human pri-miRNAs. Nucleic acids research 26 32427329
2018 An NF90/NF110-mediated feedback amplification loop regulates dicer expression and controls ovarian carcinoma progression. Cell research 26 29563539
2018 Cooperative translational control of polymorphic BAFF by NF90 and miR-15a. Nucleic acids research 26 30272251
2015 The RNA binding complexes NF45-NF90 and NF45-NF110 associate dynamically with the c-fos gene and function as transcriptional coactivators. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 26381409
2021 ILF3 Is a Negative Transcriptional Regulator of Innate Immune Responses and Myeloid Dendritic Cell Maturation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 25 34031149
2020 Aberrant USP11 expression regulates NF90 to promote proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. American journal of cancer research 25 32509388
2019 The RNA-binding protein ILF3 binds to transposable element sequences in SINEUP lncRNAs. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 24 31570000
2018 RNA stability protein ILF3 mediates cytokine-induced angiogenesis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 24 30383449
2015 Overexpression of NF90-NF45 Represses Myogenic MicroRNA Biogenesis, Resulting in Development of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Centronuclear Muscle Fibers. Molecular and cellular biology 24 25918244
1998 CsA-sensitive purine-box transcriptional regulator in bronchial epithelial cells contains NF45, NF90, and Ku. The American journal of physiology 24 9843854
2024 Circular RNA circPHLPP2 promotes tumor growth and anti-PD-1 resistance through binding ILF3 to regulate IL36γ transcription in colorectal cancer. Molecular cancer 23 39695693
2021 Ubiquitination and degradation of NF90 by Tim-3 inhibits antiviral innate immunity. eLife 23 34110282
2023 LncRNA PTTG3P promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of NSCLC by binding with ILF3 to maintain mRNA stability and form a positive feedback loop with E2F1. International journal of biological sciences 22 37705754
2017 NF45 and NF90/NF110 coordinately regulate ESC pluripotency and differentiation. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 22 28487382
2024 Macrophage ILF3 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm by inducing inflammatory imbalance in male mice. Nature communications 21 39179537
2017 NF90-NF45 is a selective RNA chaperone that rearranges viral and cellular riboswitches: biochemical analysis of a virus host factor activity. Nucleic acids research 21 29040738
2016 Nanog RNA-binding proteins YBX1 and ILF3 affect pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Cell biology international 21 26289635
1999 A binding protein to the DNase I hypersensitive site II in HLA-DR alpha gene was identified as NF90. Biochemistry 21 10079079
1998 Mapping interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 gene (ILF3) to human chromosome 19 (19q11-qter and 19p11-p13.1) by polymerase chain reaction amplification of human-rodent somatic cell hybrid DNA templates. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research 21 9620363
2022 LncRNA LINC00649 promotes the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by maintaining the stability of HIF-1α through the NF90/NF45 complex. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 20 35188449
2016 NF90 is a novel influenza A virus NS1-interacting protein that antagonizes the inhibitory role of NS1 on PKR phosphorylation. FEBS letters 19 27423063
2003 Cell cycle dependent intracellular distribution of two spliced isoforms of TCP/ILF3 proteins. Molecular genetics and metabolism 19 14654356
2021 ILF3 is responsible for hyperlipidemia-induced arteriosclerotic calcification by mediating BMP2 and STAT1 transcription. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 18 34343541
2019 LncRNA LINC00470 promotes proliferation through association with NF45/NF90 complex in hepatocellular carcinoma. Human cell 18 31612313
2024 Lefamulin Overcomes Acquired Drug Resistance via Regulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis by Targeting ILF3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 17 38874478
2020 LncRNA-ATB Promotes Lung Squamous Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Targeting microRNA-590-5p/NF90 Axis. DNA and cell biology 17 31934791
2019 Inducible expression of immediate early genes is regulated through dynamic chromatin association by NF45/ILF2 and NF90/NF110/ILF3. PloS one 17 31022259
2018 The positive feedback loop between ILF3 and lncRNA ILF3-AS1 promotes melanoma proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cancer management and research 17 30588088
2015 The anti-leukemic activity of sodium dichloroacetate in p53mutated/null cells is mediated by a p53-independent ILF3/p21 pathway. Oncotarget 17 25544776
2011 L-Ilf3 and L-NF90 traffic to the nucleolus granular component: alternatively-spliced exon 3 encodes a nucleolar localization motif. PloS one 17 21811582
2024 Smooth muscle NF90 deficiency ameliorates diabetic atherosclerotic calcification in male mice via FBXW7-AGER1-AGEs axis. Nature communications 16 38862515
2011 EBP1 and DRBP76/NF90 binding proteins are included in the major histocompatibility complex class II RNA operon. Nucleic acids research 16 21624892
2023 Hsa_circ_0094606 promotes malignant progression of prostate cancer by inducing M2 polarization of macrophages through PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation of ILF3. Carcinogenesis 15 36394342
2023 E2F1-mediated KDM4A-AS1 up-regulation promotes EMT of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by recruiting ILF3 to stabilize AURKA mRNA. Cancer gene therapy 15 36973424
2018 ILF2 and ILF3 are autoantigens in canine systemic autoimmune disease. Scientific reports 15 29556082
2016 The properties of the RNA-binding protein NF90 are considerably modulated by complex formation with NF45. The Biochemical journal 15 28062840
2025 Simvastatin inhibits PD-L1 via ILF3 to induce ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells. Cell death & disease 14 40140647
2024 Role of ATF3 triggering M2 macrophage polarization to protect against the inflammatory injury of sepsis through ILF3/NEAT1 axis. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 14 38395749

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