Affinage

ILF3

Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 · UniProt Q12906

Round 2 corrected
Length
894 aa
Mass
95.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 60 papers cited in narrative 59 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ILF3 (NF90/NF110) is a multifunctional double-stranded RNA-binding protein that integrates transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional mRNA control, miRNA biogenesis, ribosome assembly, DNA repair, and nutrient sensing. In the nucleus, the NF90–NF45 heterodimer (assembled via a catalytically dead DZF domain) occupies promoters and enhancers of immediate-early genes and cytokine loci (IL-2, c-fos, IL-13, BMP2) as a transcriptional coactivator, and negatively regulates biogenesis of a subset of highly stable pri-miRNAs by competing with the Microprocessor complex (PMID:26381409, PMID:19398578, PMID:32427329). Signal-dependent phosphorylation at Ser647 (by AKT or PKCβI) triggers nuclear-to-cytoplasmic export, whereupon ILF3 stabilizes AU-rich element–containing mRNAs (IL-2, cyclin E1, VEGF, PARP1, SGOC pathway transcripts) and represses translation of others (SASP factors, GCase), functioning also as an RNA chaperone with annealing and strand-displacement activities (PMID:18097023, PMID:12504009, PMID:25399696, PMID:29040738). ILF3 additionally participates in 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis in the nucleolus, promotes nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair with DNA-PK, sustains antiviral innate immunity through PKR activation and stress-granule formation, tethers the GATOR1/GATOR2 complexes to lysosomes for amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 signaling, and is itself regulated by SPOP- and TRIM47-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation countered by USP11 deubiquitination (PMID:26240280, PMID:21969602, PMID:34110282, PMID:37037994, PMID:31772275).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1994 High

    Identifying NF90 (ILF3) and NF45 as the subunits of the IL-2-activating transcription factor NF-AT established ILF3 as a nuclear DNA-binding protein with a stimulus-dependent role in T-cell gene expression.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, affinity purification, EMSA, and cyclosporin A/FK506 inhibition in Jurkat T cells

    PMID:7519613

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide DNA-binding targets uncharacterized
    • Mechanism of stimulus-dependent activation unknown
    • Relationship between NF90 and classical NF-AT (NFAT1–4) not clarified
  2. 1998 High

    Discovery that NF90/NF45 physically associate with DNA-PKcs/Ku and stabilize the DNA-PK–DNA complex opened the question of whether ILF3 has a direct role in DNA repair.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, EMSA, in vitro kinase assay showing NF90/NF45 are DNA-PK substrates

    PMID:9442054

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct end-joining assay performed at this stage
    • Whether the interaction is RNA-dependent was not tested
  3. 2002 High

    Demonstrating that T-cell activation drives NF90 from nucleus to cytoplasm where it binds and stabilizes IL-2 mRNA 3′UTR AU-rich elements established the paradigm of phosphorylation-triggered nuclear export coupling ILF3 to post-transcriptional mRNA stabilization.

    Evidence RNA-binding assays, subcellular fractionation, mRNA half-life analysis in stimulated T cells

    PMID:12504009

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase(s) responsible for nuclear export not yet identified
    • Global target mRNA repertoire unknown
  4. 2005 High

    NF90 knockout mice die perinatally with neuromuscular failure and loss of MyoD/p21 expression, proving ILF3 is essential for skeletal muscle differentiation through 3′UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization in vivo.

    Evidence Targeted gene disruption in mice, histopathology, Northwestern blotting identifying NF90 as the principal p21/MyoD 3′UTR-binding protein

    PMID:15746098

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NF90 acts cell-autonomously in myofibers vs. motor neurons not resolved
    • Rescue by individual mRNA targets not attempted
  5. 2008 High

    Identification of AKT and PKCβI as kinases phosphorylating NF90 at Ser647 to trigger nuclear export and IL-2 mRNA stabilization provided the first signal-transduction mechanism controlling ILF3 shuttling.

    Evidence In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation assays, Ser647Ala mutagenesis abolishing export and mRNA stabilization

    PMID:18097023 PMID:20870937

    Open questions at the time
    • Additional phosphorylation sites controlling other functions not mapped
    • Whether the same mechanism operates for all AU-rich targets not tested
  6. 2009 High

    Showing that NF90–NF45 competes with the Microprocessor for pri-miRNA binding and that NF90 depletion increases mature miRNA levels revealed ILF3 as a negative gatekeeper of miRNA biogenesis.

    Evidence Overexpression and siRNA knockdown, northern blot, RNA pulldown with multiple pri-miRNAs

    PMID:19398578

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for pri-miRNA selectivity unknown
    • Whether competition is purely steric or involves cofactors not determined
  7. 2011 High

    Reconstitution and in vivo validation of NF90/NF45 function in nonhomologous end-joining confirmed a direct DNA-repair role, with immunodepletion reducing end-joining to the same extent as DNA-PKcs depletion.

    Evidence In vitro NHEJ assay, immunodepletion, siRNA, γ-H2AX foci, ionizing radiation sensitivity

    PMID:21969602

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RNA serves as a scaffold in NHEJ in vivo not confirmed
    • Step in the NHEJ pathway where NF90 acts not pinpointed
  8. 2012 High

    The 1.9-Å crystal structure of the NF90–NF45 DZF heterodimer showed structural homology to nucleotidyltransferases but with catalytic-residue loss, establishing the DZF domain as a dedicated protein–protein interaction scaffold.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography at 1.9 Å, site-directed mutagenesis of binding interface

    PMID:22833610

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length NF90 structure unresolved
    • How dsRBDs are oriented relative to the DZF domain unknown
  9. 2015 High

    Association of NF45/NF90 with pre-60S ribosomal precursors in the nucleolus, and impaired 60S biogenesis upon their depletion with activation of the RPL11–p53 surveillance pathway, expanded ILF3's roles to ribosome assembly.

    Evidence Tandem affinity purification, density gradient sedimentation, RNAi with epistasis (RPL11 depletion)

    PMID:26240280

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific rRNA or pre-rRNA substrates bound by NF90 dsRBDs not identified
    • Whether this role requires NF45 or is NF90-autonomous not fully resolved
  10. 2017 High

    Genome-wide identification of NF90/NF110 as a promoter of circRNA biogenesis in the nucleus, with virus-induced nuclear export depleting circRNA production and redirecting NF90 to viral mRNAs, unified its nuclear RNA-processing and cytoplasmic antiviral functions.

    Evidence Genome-wide siRNA screen, CLIP-seq, circRNA reporter, viral infection time course

    PMID:28625552

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether circRNA production is a collateral effect of intronic RNA binding or a specific function is unclear
    • Quantitative contribution to antiviral defense relative to other dsRNA sensors not measured
  11. 2019 High

    Demonstrating that SPOP E3 ligase ubiquitinates ILF3 and that EGF-ERK-dependent phosphorylation blocks this degradation to stabilize SGOC-pathway mRNAs established ILF3 as a metabolic effector downstream of oncogenic signaling.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, phospho-mutant analysis, patient-derived xenograft model in colorectal cancer

    PMID:31772275

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphorylation site(s) conferring SPOP resistance not mapped
    • Whether SPOP-mediated turnover operates in normal tissues not shown
  12. 2021 High

    Identification of TRIM47 as a Tim-3-recruited E3 ligase targeting NF90 Lys297 for K48-linked ubiquitination linked ILF3 degradation to immune checkpoint signaling and explained how Tim-3 dampens stress-granule-mediated antiviral immunity.

    Evidence Co-IP, ubiquitination assay with K297 mapping, Tim-3 KO mice challenged with VSV

    PMID:34110282

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM47-mediated degradation occurs in non-immune cells not tested
    • Interplay between SPOP and TRIM47 ubiquitination not examined
  13. 2023 High

    A genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed that ILF3 tethers GATOR1/GATOR2 complexes to lysosomes for amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 activation, uncovering an unexpected nutrient-sensing function conserved from worms to humans.

    Evidence CRISPR/Cas9 screen (FACS-based pS6), lysosome fractionation, lysosome-targeting rescue of GATOR2 component WDR24, C. elegans lifespan assay

    PMID:37037994

    Open questions at the time
    • How ILF3 transitions between nuclear RNA-binding roles and lysosomal tethering is unknown
    • Direct binding interface between ILF3 and GATOR subunits not structurally resolved
    • Whether mTORC1 tethering requires the NF45 partner not determined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ILF3 coordinates its numerous nuclear (transcription, miRNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, DNA repair) and cytoplasmic (mRNA stabilization, translation regulation, mTORC1 tethering, stress granule formation) functions — and whether distinct isoforms or post-translational modifications partition these activities — remains a central open question.
  • No integrative model explaining isoform-specific partitioning across functions
  • Full-length structural model including dsRBDs and DZF domain unavailable
  • Quantitative contribution of each function to the essential phenotype (perinatal lethality) not deconvolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 14 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 8 GO:0003677 DNA binding 6 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 5
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 9 GO:0005829 cytosol 6 GO:0005730 nucleolus 3 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 2 GO:0005764 lysosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 7 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 6 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2
Partners
EIF2AK2ILF2PRKDCSPOPTRIM47XPO5XRCC5XRCC6
Complex memberships
DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs/Ku70/Ku80) complexGATOR1/GATOR2 lysosomal complexNF90–NF45 heterodimer

Evidence

Reading pass · 59 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 NF45 and NF90 (ILF3) were cloned as the 45-kDa and 90-kDa subunits of NF-AT, a transcription factor required for T-cell IL-2 expression. Both proteins are nuclear in Jurkat T-cells and together encode NF-AT DNA-binding activity that is enhanced after T-cell stimulation and blocked by cyclosporin A or FK506. cDNA cloning, affinity purification with nickel chelate columns, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), immunofluorescence microscopy The Journal of biological chemistry High 7519613
1998 NF90 and NF45 interact physically with the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs and Ku subunits), stabilize the DNA-PKcs-Ku-DNA complex, and are substrates for DNA-PK phosphorylation in vitro. Recombinant NF90 promotes formation of a DNA-PKcs/Ku/DNA complex, and antibodies to NF90 or NF45 immunoprecipitate DNA-PKcs. EMSA, amino-terminal sequence analysis, immunoblotting, in vitro kinase assay, co-immunoprecipitation The Journal of biological chemistry High 9442054
2000 TCP80/NF90 binds the coding region of GCase (acid beta-glucosidase) mRNA and inhibits its translation in vitro and ex vivo; this activity was reconstituted in insect Sf9 cells lacking the protein, demonstrating translation inhibition through reduced mRNA-polysome association. Baculovirus/Sf9 reconstitution, in vitro translation assay, polysome gradient analysis, RNA-protein binding Molecular genetics and metabolism High 10873392
2001 NFAR-1 (NF90) and NFAR-2 (NF110), derived from the ILF3 gene by alternative splicing, are phosphoproteins that interact with PKR (reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation), are phosphorylated by PKR, colocalize with PKR in a diffuse nuclear pattern, associate with both pre-mRNAs and spliced mRNAs, and interact with FUS and SMN via their C-terminus to regulate gene expression at the level of pre-mRNA processing. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization, in vitro kinase assay, transfection reporter assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 11438536
2002 NF90 binds a subregion of the IL-2 mRNA 3'UTR containing AU-rich elements and stabilizes IL-2 mRNA. In nonstimulated T cells NF90 is predominantly nuclear; T cell activation induces NF90 accumulation in the cytoplasm, and this nuclear export is required for IL-2 mRNA stabilization. RNA-binding assays, subcellular fractionation, mRNA half-life analysis, nuclear export perturbation Molecular cell High 12504009
2003 ILF3 preferentially binds minihelix-motif RNA (including adenovirus VA1 RNA). ILF3, exportin-5, RanGTP, and VA1 RNA assemble into a quaternary complex in which RNA bridges ILF3 and exportin-5. This complex mediates co-transport of VA1 RNA and ILF3 from nucleus to cytoplasm; exportin-5 is thereby identified as an export receptor using RNA adaptors to transport proteinaceous cargo. GST pull-down, gel retardation assay, nuclear microinjection in HeLa cells, transfection experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 14570900
2003 NFAR proteins (NF90/NF110) associate specifically with both termini (5' and 3' NTRs) of the bovine viral diarrhea virus RNA genome and mediate a circular conformation that coordinates viral translation and replication. RNAi depletion of RNA helicase A (an NFAR group member) inhibited viral replication. RNA-protein interaction assays, mutational analysis of viral RNA, RNAi knockdown, viral replication assays The EMBO journal High 14592965
2004 Ilf3 and NF90 bind the axonal targeting element in the Tau mRNA 3'UTR via their dsRNA-binding motifs interacting with a predicted stem-loop structure. Both proteins are detected in neuronal nuclei, cell bodies, and proximal neuritic segments, consistent with escorting Tau mRNA toward the axon. Northwestern blotting, specific antibodies, immunofluorescence microscopy FASEB journal Medium 15364895
2005 NF90 knockout mice die perinatally from neuromuscular respiratory failure with disorganized skeletal muscle, decreased myofiber number, and severely reduced expression of MyoD, myogenin, and p21WAF1/CIP1. NF90 is the principal p21WAF1/CIP1 and MyoD 3'UTR RNA-binding protein in developing skeletal muscle, identified by Northwestern blotting, indicating NF90 regulates myogenic differentiation and cell cycle exit via mRNA stabilization. Targeted gene disruption (knockout mice), Northwestern blotting, histopathology, Western blot The Journal of biological chemistry High 15746098
2007 NF90 (NF90ctv, C-terminal variant with strong TAR RNA affinity) competes with Tat for TAR RNA binding in vitro, and its expression in cells significantly inhibits Tat-transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR, associated with changes in histone H3 K4/K9 methylation at HIV chromatin consistent with transcriptional repression. TAR affinity fractionation, Northwestern blotting, EMSA, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation Retrovirology Medium 17565699
2007 Ku80, Ku70, and NF90 bind specifically to the IL-2 gene promoter in vivo (chromatin immunoprecipitation). T cell activation induces increased binding of Ku80 and NF90 and decreased binding of Ku70 to the IL-2 proximal promoter, changes inhibited by cyclosporin A and triptolide, correlating with chromatin remodeling and transcriptional initiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), EMSA, affinity purification Nucleic acids research High 17389650
2008 AKT phosphorylates NF90 at Ser647 upon CD28 costimulation. This phosphorylation is necessary for nuclear export of NF90 and subsequent IL-2 mRNA stabilization; Ser647Ala mutation abolishes both nuclear export and mRNA stabilization. PKCβI phosphorylates NF90 at the same Ser647 site in response to PMA stimulation, triggering the same nuclear export and IL-2 mRNA stabilization. In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation assays, site-directed mutagenesis, nuclear export assays, mRNA stability assays, T cell stimulation Journal of immunology / Journal of immunology High 18097023 20870937
2008 H2O2 treatment increases association of MKP-1 mRNA with HuR and NF90, and decreases its association with translational repressors TIAR and TIA-1. NF90 silencing diminishes H2O2-stimulated MKP-1 mRNA stability. NF90 thus contributes to oxidative stress-induced MKP-1 upregulation by mRNA stabilization. Ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP), biotinylated RNA pulldown, siRNA silencing, mRNA half-life assay Molecular and cellular biology High 18490444
2008 NF45 is an unstable regulatory subunit of NF90-NF45 and NF110-NF45 heterodimeric complexes that exist within larger labile assemblies. Depletion of NF45 causes dramatic decreases in NF90/NF110 protein levels, and reciprocally, NF90 depletion reduces NF45; this coregulation is posttranscriptional (protein destabilization). Depletion of NF90-NF45 (but not NF110-NF45) retards cell growth by inhibiting DNA synthesis and causes giant multinucleated cells, indicating a specific role in cell division. RNA interference, Western blot, cell growth assays, BrdU incorporation, time-lapse microscopy Molecular and cellular biology High 18458058
2008 NFAR-1 and -2 retain cellular transcripts in intranuclear foci and regulate mRNA export to the cytoplasm. NFAR proteins remain associated with exported ribonucleoprotein complexes. Loss of NFAR function (embryonic-lethal) increases protein synthesis rates. NFAR depletion renders fibroblasts dramatically susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus replication, implicating NFARs in innate antiviral translational surveillance. RNAi, knockout mouse (embryonic lethal), protein synthesis assay, viral replication assay, co-fractionation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 18337511
2009 The NF90-NF45 complex functions as a negative regulator of miRNA biogenesis: overexpression of NF90 and NF45 inhibits pri-miRNA processing into pre-miRNA and causes accumulation of pri-miRNAs. NF90-NF45 binds pri-miRNAs (including pri-let-7a) but does not interact with the Microprocessor complex; instead it impairs Microprocessor access to pri-miRNAs. NF90 depletion reduces pri-let-7a, increases mature let-7a, and suppresses growth of transformed cells. Overexpression, siRNA knockdown, northern blot, RNA pulldown, proliferation assays Molecular and cellular biology High 19398578
2009 NF90 binds an AU-rich signature motif (25-30 nt) in the 3'UTR of a large subset of mRNAs and represses their translation without affecting mRNA steady-state levels or cytosolic abundance. This translational repression was shown by nascent EGFP translation assay, polysome gradient analysis, and EGFP protein levels using a heterologous reporter bearing the NF90 motif. RIP, biotinylated RNA pulldown, polysome gradient analysis, in vitro translation assay (EGFP reporter), siRNA knockdown Nucleic acids research High 19850717
2010 NF45 and NF90 bind the HS4-3' element of the distal IL-13 promoter (identified by DNA affinity chromatography/mass spectrometry, ChIP, and gel shift) and positively regulate HS4-dependent IL-13 transcription. HS4 activity was virtually abrogated in NF45(+/-) cells and reduced in NF90(+/-) primary Th2 cells, showing gene-dose dependence. DNA affinity chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, ChIP, gel shift analysis, reporter assays in primary Th2 cells from haploinsufficient mice The Journal of biological chemistry High 20051514
2011 NF90 binds the dengue virus RNA 3' stem-loop (3' SL) structure via double-strand RNA-binding motifs. NF90 depletion decreases dengue RNA levels and infectious viral progeny by 50-70%. In infected cells, NF90 redistributes from nucleus to cytoplasm, indicating a functional role in the replication compartment. RNA affinity column, siRNA depletion, viral RNA quantification, plaque assay, immunofluorescence PloS one High 21386893
2011 The NF90/NF45 complex participates in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair: NF90/NF45 immunodepletion from cell extracts reduces in vitro end-joining activity to an extent similar to DNA-PKcs immunodepletion, and RNA digestion also reduces joining, implicating RNA in the process. In vivo, NF90/NF45 depletion increases γ-H2A.X foci (DSBs), increases ionizing radiation sensitivity, and reduces end-joining. Multinucleate cells arise from incomplete abscission and aberrant division. In vitro NHEJ assay, immunodepletion, siRNA, γ-H2A.X foci, ionizing radiation sensitivity, time-lapse microscopy Molecular and cellular biology High 21969602
2012 YM155 (sepantronium bromide) directly binds ILF3, which regulates survivin expression. p54(nrb) binds the survivin promoter and forms a complex with ILF3. YM155 disrupts the ILF3/p54(nrb) complex, leading to altered subcellular localization of each protein and suppression of survivin expression. Co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular localization assay, survivin promoter analysis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 22842455
2012 Depletion of NF90/NF45 in HPV-infected HeLa/SiHa cells restores p53 protein (post-transcriptionally, without mRNA increase) and p21 mRNA/protein expression (via p53-dependent transcription). NF90 depletion also attenuates HPV E6 RNA expression by inhibiting transcription from the HPV early promoter, largely independent of P-TEFb reduction. HPV thus exploits the cellular NF90/NF45 complex for viral E6 expression. RNAi, Western blot, RT-PCR, p53/p21 induction analysis, PARP cleavage assay Oncogene High 23208500
2012 NF90 and NF45 dimerize through a shared 'DZF' domain whose crystal structure (1.9-Å resolution) reveals structural similarity to template-free nucleotidyltransferases; however, both proteins have lost critical catalytic residues during evolution and are not functional enzymes. The same NF90 interface is used by NF45 to interact with SPNR and Zfr, showing NF45 forms multiple complexes through this conserved interface. X-ray crystallography (1.9 Å), co-immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis Nucleic acids research High 22833610
2012 NF90 coordinately represses the translation (not stability) of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factor mRNAs (MCP-1, GROα, IL-6, IL-8) in proliferating fibroblasts. NF90 abundance is high in young cells where it associates with SASP mRNAs; in senescent cells NF90 levels decline, allowing SASP factor expression to rise. Silencing NF90 elevated SASP proteins without increasing SASP mRNA steady-state levels. RIP, siRNA knockdown, Western blot, ELISA, mRNA stability assays Aging High 23117626
2013 Proteomic affinity chromatography identified six proteins that interact with Ilf3/NF90 through their dsRBMs: hnRNP A/B, hnRNP A2/B1, hnRNP A3, hnRNP D, hnRNP Q, and PSF (a splicing factor). These partners form large complexes with Ilf3 and NF90, linking them to mRNA stabilization, transport, translation regulation, and splicing. Affinity chromatography, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation Biochimie Medium 23321469
2014 NF90 binds the 5'-terminal 47-nucleotide double-stranded region of the HCV positive-strand RNA genome. siRNA-mediated depletion of NF90 impairs HCV RNA replication and reduces infectious virus yield without substantially affecting HCV IRES-mediated translation. NF90 co-immunoprecipitates with NS5A in an RNA-dependent manner and associates with detergent-resistant membranes where replication complexes reside. Biotinylated RNA pulldown/MS, siRNA depletion, viral RNA quantification, co-immunoprecipitation with NS5A, detergent-resistant membrane fractionation Journal of virology High 24719423
2014 NF90 binds the 3'UTR of cyclin E1 mRNA in vitro and in vivo, stabilizing it. NF90 knockdown decreases cyclin E1 mRNA half-life and protein levels, delays G1/S transition, and inhibits HCC xenograft growth. Ectopic NF90 expression rescues cyclin E1 mRNA stability after NF90 knockdown. RIP, RNA pulldown, mRNA half-life assay, siRNA knockdown, mouse xenograft model Oncogene High 25399696
2014 NF90 interacts with PKR through its C-terminal region (independently of NF90's RNA-binding properties). NF90 knockdown reduces PKR phosphorylation in response to dsRNA or influenza virus; high NF90 concentrations exert negative regulatory effects on PKR phosphorylation via competition for dsRNA. NF90 is a component of stress granules, and NF90-knockdown cells display significantly lower stress granule formation after dsRNA treatment. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, phospho-Western blot, stress granule immunofluorescence, influenza virus infection Journal of immunology High 24623135
2015 NF45/NF90 heterodimer associates with pre-60S ribosomal subunit precursors in the nucleolus via the dsRNA-binding domains of NF90. NF45/NF90 depletion impairs 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis, alters nucleolar morphology (spherical shape), and activates a p53 response with p21 induction that is counteracted by RPL11 depletion, placing NF45/NF90 in the ribosome surveillance pathway. Tandem affinity purification, density gradient sedimentation, RNAi, ribosome biogenesis assays, nucleolar morphology analysis, p53/p21 induction, epistasis with RPL11 Molecular and cellular biology High 26240280
2015 NF45-NF90 and NF45-NF110 complexes function as direct transcriptional coactivators of the c-fos gene. Their transcriptional activities require both the upstream enhancer and core promoter regions of c-fos, do not require dsRNA-binding activity, and are cooperative with PC4 and Mediator. ChIP demonstrates dynamic occupancy of the NF complexes at the c-fos enhancer/promoter and coding region that increases in parallel with RNAPII upon serum induction. In vitro transcription reconstitution, ChIP, siRNA knockdown, reporter assays, co-activation assays with purified factors The Journal of biological chemistry High 26381409
2015 Overexpression of the NF90-NF45 complex in transgenic mice suppresses processing of myogenic pri-miRNAs (including pri-miR-133a-1) by binding them, reducing mature myogenic miRNAs (e.g., miR-133a), elevating dynamin 2 (a miR-133a target and centronuclear myopathy gene), and causing skeletal muscle atrophy and centronuclear muscle fiber pathology in vivo. Transgenic mouse model, miRNA array, qRT-PCR, in vitro pri-miRNA processing assay, RNA-binding assay Molecular and cellular biology High 25918244
2016 NF90-NF45 suppresses miR-7-1 biogenesis by binding pri-miR-7-1 in vitro, inhibiting its processing. NF90 depletion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells elevates mature miR-7, reduces EGFR and pAKT, and decreases cell proliferation; conversely, NF90/NF45 overexpression reduces mature miR-7 while pri-miR-7-1 accumulates. miRNA microarray, qRT-PCR, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, in vitro RNA-binding assay, Western blot The Journal of biological chemistry High 27519414
2016 NF90 interacts with influenza A virus NS1 protein; this interaction is dependent on the RNA-binding properties of NS1. NS1 simultaneously associates with NF90 and PKR but restricts NF90-PKR interaction. NF90 coexpression impedes NS1-mediated reduction of PKR phosphorylation and stress granule formation, demonstrating that NF90 antagonizes the inhibitory role of NS1 on PKR. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, phospho-Western blot, stress granule assay FEBS letters Medium 27423063
2017 NF90/NF110 promotes circRNA production in the nucleus by associating with intronic RNA pairs flanking the circRNA-forming exon(s). NF90/NF110 also interact with mature circRNAs in the cytoplasm. Upon viral infection, NF90/NF110 undergo nuclear export, decreasing circRNA expression; NF90/NF110 released from circRNP complexes then bind viral mRNAs as part of antiviral immune response. Genome-wide siRNA screen, circRNA expression reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, CLIP-seq, subcellular fractionation, viral infection Molecular cell High 28625552
2017 NF90-NF45 acts as a selective RNA chaperone: NF90 has RNA annealing and strand displacement activities through a 'matchmaking' mechanism and charge compensation. NF45 heterodimerization enhances matchmaking efficiency. This chaperone activity stimulates the first step of HCV RNA replication in vitro and stabilizes a regulatory element in VEGF mRNA by protein-guided structural rearrangement. In vitro RNA annealing/strand displacement assays, HCV replication reconstitution in vitro, VEGF mRNA structure analysis, EMSA Nucleic acids research High 29040738
2018 NF90 (ILF3) binds preferentially to the 3'UTR of BAFF wild-type mRNA but not to BAFF-var mRNA (which lacks the NF90-binding region due to alternative polyadenylation). NF90 suppresses BAFF translation by recruiting miR-15a to the 3'UTR of BAFF-WT mRNA. An autoimmunity-causing BAFF polymorphism prevents NF90-mediated miR-15a recruitment, resulting in elevated BAFF translation. RIP, RNA pulldown, miRNA-mediated translational assays, reporter assays, polymorphism analysis Nucleic acids research High 30272251
2018 NF90/NF110 facilitates DICER expression by controlling processing of miR-3173 (embedded in DICER pre-mRNA); since miR-3173 targets NF90, a feedback amplification loop is established. NF90 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells reduced proliferation and tumor size/metastasis in a nude mouse model, while miR-3173 overexpression increased metastasis in an NF90- and DICER-dependent manner. miRNA processing assays, NF90 overexpression/knockdown, nude mouse tumor model, miRNA expression analysis, patient cohort correlation Cell research High 29563539
2018 NF90/NF110 (ILF3) occupies 9,081 genomic sites in K562 cells (ChIP-seq), predominantly at active promoters and strong enhancers, co-localizing with transcription factors MYC, YY1, and POLR2A. NF90/NF110 knockdown reduces expression of growth/proliferation transcription factors (EGR1, MYC) and de-represses erythroid differentiation factors (KLF1), demonstrating hierarchical transcriptional regulation that promotes proliferation and suppresses differentiation. ChIP-seq, shRNA knockdown, RNA-seq, comparison with 150 ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets PloS one High 29590119
2018 ILF3 is phosphorylated and translocates from nucleus to cytoplasm in response to proangiogenic stimuli in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Cytoplasmic ILF3 binds and stabilizes AU/U-rich element-containing proangiogenic mRNAs (VEGF, CXCL1, IL-8), promoting angiogenesis. ILF3 knockdown reduces all angiogenic indices and angiogenic factor expression; ILF3 overexpression has the opposite effect. siRNA knockdown, adenoviral overexpression, RIP, mRNA stability assay, tube formation/proliferation/migration assays, immunohistochemistry FASEB journal High 30383449
2019 SRSF3 regulates alternative splicing of ILF3 pre-mRNA by binding RNA sequence motifs to control exclusion/inclusion of ILF3 exon 18 or selection of an alternative 3' splice site. ILF3 isoforms 1 and 2 (produced by SRSF3 activity) promote cell proliferation and transformation, while isoforms 5 and 7 (produced when SRSF3 is reduced) suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis. RNA splicing assays, SRSF3 knockdown/overexpression, cell proliferation and transformation assays, cancer expression analysis RNA High 30796096
2019 ILF3 is a substrate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP: EGF-MEK-ERK signaling phosphorylates ILF3, which hinders SPOP-mediated poly-ubiquitination and degradation of ILF3. Stabilized ILF3 binds and stabilizes mRNAs of SGOC (Serine-Glycine-One-Carbon) pathway genes, facilitating serine biosynthesis and tumor growth in colorectal cancer. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, mRNA stability assay, patient-derived xenograft model, phospho-mutant analysis Cell research High 31772275
2019 ILF3 protein binds SINEUP lncRNA AS Uchl1 via its RNA-binding motif 2 interacting with the embedded invSINEB2 transposable element sequence. ILF3 also binds a free Alu monomer sequence. ILF3 moderately influences AS Uchl1 RNA nuclear localization. Transcriptome-wide, ILF3 binds transcribed human SINE sequences. RNA-interacting domainome technology, co-immunoprecipitation, CLIP-seq (ENCODE eCLIP), nuclear localization assay, mutagenesis FASEB journal Medium 31570000
2019 ERp57 binds STAT3 and enhances STAT3-mediated transcriptional activation of the ILF3 promoter, increasing ILF3 expression. Reciprocally, ILF3 protein binds ERp57 mRNA and stabilizes it. This ERp57/STAT3/ILF3 positive feedback loop promotes ccRCC cell proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, ChIP, RIP, oligo pull-down, luciferase promoter assay, siRNA knockdown Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 31747963
2020 ILF3 is an essential host factor for efficient translation of IFNB1 mRNA and a subset of interferon-stimulated gene mRNAs under conditions where cap-dependent translation is compromised (dsRNA-induced translational shutoff). Polysome profiling coupled with next-generation sequencing showed ILF3 is necessary to establish both dsRNA-induced transcriptional and translational antiviral programs. Polysome profiling with next-generation sequencing, ILF3 knockdown, IFN reporter assays, dsRNA treatment Nucleic acids research High 31701124
2020 NF90 modulates biogenesis of a subset of highly stable, intronic pri-miRNAs (identified by eCLIP and RNA-seq): NF90 associates with the stem region of 38 pri-miRNAs, largely exclusive of Microprocessor binding. NF90 loss increases mature miRNA from 22 of these targets. Mutations reducing pri-miRNA stability decrease NF90 binding, while stabilizing mutations confer NF90 association, shown by EMSA. eCLIP, RNA-seq, siRNA knockdown, EMSA, miRNA northern blot Nucleic acids research High 32427329
2020 ILF3 depletion in primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells increases expression of DC maturation markers and potentiates innate immune responses; ILF3 overexpression suppresses DC maturation and innate responses. A nuclear localization sequence, and not the dsRNA-binding domains, is required for this transcriptional regulatory function. Mutation of the DZF domain of NF110 isoform blocks its ability to suppress DC maturation. siRNA depletion, overexpression, domain mutagenesis, RNA-seq, flow cytometry for maturation markers Journal of immunology High 34031149
2021 Tim-3 promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of NF90 by recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM47 to the zinc finger domain of NF90, leading to K48-linked poly-ubiquitination at Lys297. This Tim-3/TRIM47/NF90 axis inhibits NF90-stress granule-mediated antiviral immunity: Tim-3 inactivation enhances NF90-dependent PKR and eIF2α phosphorylation, G3BP1/TIA-1 stress granule assembly, and protection from VSV challenge. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, domain mapping, Tim-3 knockout mice, VSV infection model, phospho-Western blot eLife High 34110282
2021 HNRNPA2B1 recognizes m6A-modified sites on ILF3 mRNA and enhances ILF3 mRNA stability, increasing ILF3 protein levels. Elevated ILF3 in turn upregulates AKT3, promoting multiple myeloma cell proliferation; AKT3 siRNA abrogates HNRNPA2B1 overexpression-induced proliferation. RIP, mRNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown, overexpression, m6A site analysis, in vivo xenograft Journal of hematology & oncology Medium 33794982
2021 circACTA2 competes with CDK4 mRNA to bind ILF3: both circACTA2 and CDK4 mRNA associate with ILF3, but Ang II increases circACTA2 binding to ILF3 and reduces ILF3 interaction with CDK4 mRNA. This decreases CDK4 mRNA stability and CDK4 protein expression, inducing VSMC senescence. Oligo pull-down, RIP, mRNA stability assay, siRNA knockdown, SA β-gal assay, cell senescence markers Aging Medium 33885378
2023 Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens identified ILF3 as a mediator of mTORC1-dependent amino acid sensing. ILF3 tethers the GATOR1/GATOR2 complexes to lysosomes, enabling amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 activation. Artificially targeting GATOR2 component WDR24 to lysosomes bypasses ILF3 requirement. ILF3 plays an evolutionarily conserved role in human and worm cells in controlling mTORC1, autophagy, and aging. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen (FACS-based pS6 readout), lysosome fractionation, co-immunoprecipitation, lysosome-targeting sequence rescue, C. elegans lifespan assay Nature cell biology High 37037994
2024 Macrophage ILF3 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm by two mechanisms: (1) accelerating decay of p105 mRNA to increase NF-κB activity and amplify macrophage inflammation; (2) facilitating formation of the ILF3/eIF4A1 complex that enhances Keap1 translational efficiency, thereby inhibiting the Nrf2 anti-inflammatory pathway. Transgenic and conditional KO mice, multi-omics, RIP, mRNA stability assay, polysome/translation assay, co-immunoprecipitation, multiplex immunohistochemistry Nature communications High 39179537
2011 Alternative splicing of exon 3 of the ILF3 gene generates long (L) isoforms of Ilf3 and NF90 that contain a 13-amino acid N-terminal nucleolar localization motif. Four arginines within this motif are essential for nucleolar targeting; three histidines stabilize the proteins in the nucleolus. Short isoforms lacking exon 3 never localize to nucleoli. FRAP experiments showed L-Ilf3 and L-NF90 exchange rapidly between nucleoli and localize to the granular component. Subcellular fractionation, site-directed mutagenesis, confocal microscopy, FRAP, deletion mutant analysis PloS one High 21811582
2003 TCP110/ILF3 (the longer isoform) migrates between cytoplasm and nucleus during the cell cycle, driven by a C-terminal nuclear localization signal, whereas TCP80/NF90 (the shorter isoform) is relatively stable in the cytoplasm (t½ ≈ 5 days). The alternative splicing of exons 19-21 determines whether TCP80 or TCP110/ILF3 is produced, and these isoforms serve distinct cellular functions. Cell cycle synchronization, subcellular fractionation, metabolic labeling/chase, 5'RACE cDNA sequencing, chromosomal mapping Molecular genetics and metabolism Medium 14654356
1999 NF90 binds a palindrome sequence (DHS-22) in the DNase I hypersensitive site II of the HLA-DR alpha gene first intron, as identified by purification from bovine brain nuclei and amino acid sequencing. GST-NF90 interacts with DHS-22 by EMSA. NF90 mRNA decreases after TPA treatment in THP-1 cells, correlating with reduced DHS-22 binding activity and suggesting NF90 negatively regulates HLA-DR alpha gene expression. Protein purification, mass peptide sequencing (Lys-C/trypsin digestion), GST pulldown, EMSA, Northern blot Biochemistry Medium 10079079
2015 SALNR (senescence-associated lncRNA) interacts with NF90 and delays oncogene-induced senescence. Ras-induced stress promotes NF90 translocation to the nucleolus and suppresses its ability to inhibit senescence-associated miRNA biogenesis. SALNR overexpression rescues NF90 activity. NF90 inhibition led to premature senescence and enhanced expression of senescence-associated miRNAs, placing NF90 as a key regulator of miRNA biogenesis linked to cellular aging. RNA immunoprecipitation, lncRNA overexpression, siRNA knockdown, cellular senescence assays, miRNA expression analysis, nucleolar localization assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 26491010
2017 NF90 binds and stabilizes PARP1 mRNA through the 3'UTR (identified by RIP-seq). NF90 depletion decreases PARP1 mRNA and protein levels, and NF90-depleted cells are sensitized to the PARP inhibitor Olaparib and DNA damage agents. RIP-seq, siRNA knockdown, mRNA stability assay, drug sensitivity assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 28487110
2019 NF90/NF110 (ILF3) and NF45 pre-occupy promoters of immediate early genes (EGR1, FOS, JUN) before stimulation. PMA stimulation increases NF90/NF110 chromatin association while decreasing NF45 association at these promoters. Inducible shRNA knockdown of NF90/NF110 or NF45 attenuates IEG induction at transcriptional, RNA, and protein levels. ChIP, inducible shRNA knockdown (doxycycline), RT-PCR, Western blot, PMA stimulation PloS one High 31022259
2020 USP11 deubiquitinase interacts with NF90, promotes its deubiquitination, and stabilizes NF90 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. USP11's pro-proliferative and pro-metastatic effects are dependent on NF90. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, xenograft mouse model American journal of cancer research Medium 32509388
2021 ILF3 acts as a transcription factor for BMP2 and STAT1: ILF3 acts on the promoter regions of BMP2 (upregulating it) and STAT1 (downregulating it) to promote atherosclerotic calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Smooth muscle- and macrophage-conditional ILF3 KO and transgenic mice confirmed ILF3's role in calcification. ChIP, promoter luciferase assay, smooth muscle- and macrophage-conditional KO/transgenic mice, alizarin red staining for calcification Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology High 34343541

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell 2861 17081983
2005 Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. Nature 2090 16189514
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2005 A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. Cell 1704 16169070
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2006 A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nature biotechnology 1336 16964243
2004 Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1159 15302935
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2012 The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts. Molecular cell 973 22681889
2005 Nucleolar proteome dynamics. Nature 934 15635413
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2018 High-Density Proximity Mapping Reveals the Subcellular Organization of mRNA-Associated Granules and Bodies. Molecular cell 580 29395067
2017 Anticancer sulfonamides target splicing by inducing RBM39 degradation via recruitment to DCAF15. Science (New York, N.Y.) 533 28302793
2017 Coordinated circRNA Biogenesis and Function with NF90/NF110 in Viral Infection. Molecular cell 525 28625552
1992 A conserved double-stranded RNA-binding domain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 505 1438302
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2010 Global analysis of TDP-43 interacting proteins reveals strong association with RNA splicing and translation machinery. Journal of proteome research 422 20020773
2010 Systematic analysis of human protein complexes identifies chromosome segregation proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 421 20360068
2013 The intracellular interactome of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains reveals their function as sorting machineries toward exosomes. The Journal of biological chemistry 413 23463506
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
2011 IFIT1 is an antiviral protein that recognizes 5'-triphosphate RNA. Nature immunology 405 21642987
1996 Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. Genome research 401 8889548
2008 MKP-1 mRNA stabilization and translational control by RNA-binding proteins HuR and NF90. Molecular and cellular biology 188 18490444
2002 Nuclear export of NF90 is required for interleukin-2 mRNA stabilization. Molecular cell 161 12504009
1994 Cloning and expression of cyclosporin A- and FK506-sensitive nuclear factor of activated T-cells: NF45 and NF90. The Journal of biological chemistry 157 7519613
2009 The NF90-NF45 complex functions as a negative regulator in the microRNA processing pathway. Molecular and cellular biology 151 19398578
2003 Members of the NF90/NFAR protein group are involved in the life cycle of a positive-strand RNA virus. The EMBO journal 144 14592965
2017 TGFβ1 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance through Regulating the LncRNA-LET/NF90/miR-145 Signaling Axis in Bladder Cancer. Theranostics 136 28839463
2021 HNRNPA2B1 promotes multiple myeloma progression by increasing AKT3 expression via m6A-dependent stabilization of ILF3 mRNA. Journal of hematology & oncology 127 33794982
2014 Ilf3 and NF90 functions in RNA biology. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 119 25327818
2018 Long non-coding RNA DANCR stabilizes HIF-1α and promotes metastasis by interacting with NF90/NF45 complex in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Theranostics 112 30555573
1998 DNA-dependent protein kinase interacts with antigen receptor response element binding proteins NF90 and NF45. The Journal of biological chemistry 112 9442054
2001 Characterization of two evolutionarily conserved, alternatively spliced nuclear phosphoproteins, NFAR-1 and -2, that function in mRNA processing and interact with the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR. The Journal of biological chemistry 107 11438536
2008 Nuclear factor 45 (NF45) is a regulatory subunit of complexes with NF90/110 involved in mitotic control. Molecular and cellular biology 99 18458058
2009 NF90 selectively represses the translation of target mRNAs bearing an AU-rich signature motif. Nucleic acids research 96 19850717
2019 ILF3 is a substrate of SPOP for regulating serine biosynthesis in colorectal cancer. Cell research 90 31772275
2005 NF90 regulates cell cycle exit and terminal myogenic differentiation by direct binding to the 3'-untranslated region of MyoD and p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNAs. The Journal of biological chemistry 88 15746098
2011 NF90 binds the dengue virus RNA 3' terminus and is a positive regulator of dengue virus replication. PloS one 77 21386893
2003 Minihelix-containing RNAs mediate exportin-5-dependent nuclear export of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein ILF3. The Journal of biological chemistry 71 14570900
2012 Sepantronium bromide (YM155) induces disruption of the ILF3/p54(nrb) complex, which is required for survivin expression. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 65 22842455
2014 hnRNP L and NF90 interact with hepatitis C virus 5'-terminal untranslated RNA and promote efficient replication. Journal of virology 64 24719423
2000 Alternative splicing in the human interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) gene. Gene 64 11167023
2014 Regulation of cell cycle of hepatocellular carcinoma by NF90 through modulation of cyclin E1 mRNA stability. Oncogene 63 25399696
2008 Nuclear export of NF90 to stabilize IL-2 mRNA is mediated by AKT-dependent phosphorylation at Ser647 in response to CD28 costimulation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 63 18097023
2011 The NF90/NF45 complex participates in DNA break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Molecular and cellular biology 59 21969602
2005 MPP5 recruits MPP4 to the CRB1 complex in photoreceptors. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 59 15914641
2016 Suppression of MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) Biogenesis by Nuclear Factor 90-Nuclear Factor 45 Complex (NF90-NF45) Controls Cell Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. The Journal of biological chemistry 58 27519414
2008 NFAR-1 and -2 modulate translation and are required for efficient host defense. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 58 18337511
2007 Dynamic binding of Ku80, Ku70 and NF90 to the IL-2 promoter in vivo in activated T-cells. Nucleic acids research 58 17389650
2015 Cold-inducible RBM3 inhibits PERK phosphorylation through cooperation with NF90 to protect cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 54 26472337
2012 NF45 dimerizes with NF90, Zfr and SPNR via a conserved domain that has a nucleotidyltransferase fold. Nucleic acids research 54 22833610
2012 Induction of p53, p21 and apoptosis by silencing the NF90/NF45 complex in human papilloma virus-transformed cervical carcinoma cells. Oncogene 54 23208500
2010 NF45 and NF90 regulate HS4-dependent interleukin-13 transcription in T cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 20051514
2019 Oncogenic splicing factor SRSF3 regulates ILF3 alternative splicing to promote cancer cell proliferation and transformation. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 52 30796096
2006 Mpp4 recruits Psd95 and Veli3 towards the photoreceptor synapse. Human molecular genetics 48 16520334
2004 Ilf3 and NF90 associate with the axonal targeting element of Tau mRNA. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 47 15364895
2022 LncRNA ELF3-AS1 inhibits gastric cancer by forming a negative feedback loop with SNAI2 and regulates ELF3 mRNA stability via interacting with ILF2/ILF3 complex. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 45 36457025
2017 Long noncoding RNA ILF3-AS1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via negatively regulating miR-200b/a/429 in melanoma. Bioscience reports 43 28935763
2020 lncRNA AK085865 Promotes Macrophage M2 Polarization in CVB3-Induced VM by Regulating ILF2-ILF3 Complex-Mediated miRNA-192 Biogenesis. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 42 32668391
2014 NF90 exerts antiviral activity through regulation of PKR phosphorylation and stress granules in infected cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 42 24623135
2011 Correlations among ERCC1, XPB, UBE2I, EGF, TAL2 and ILF3 revealed by gene signatures of histological subtypes of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncology reports 42 21971700
2012 NF90 coordinately represses the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Aging 41 23117626
2020 Long non-coding RNA TPT1-AS1 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer through TPT1-AS1/NF90/VEGFA signaling pathway. Aging 40 32248186
2017 LincIN, a novel NF90-binding long non-coding RNA, is overexpressed in advanced breast tumors and involved in metastasis. Breast cancer research : BCR 38 28558830
2015 Senescence-associated Long Non-coding RNA (SALNR) Delays Oncogene-induced Senescence through NF90 Regulation. The Journal of biological chemistry 38 26491010
2013 NF90 in posttranscriptional gene regulation and microRNA biogenesis. International journal of molecular sciences 38 23965975
2005 Membrane-associated guanylate kinase proteins MPP4 and MPP5 associate with Veli3 at distinct intercellular junctions of the neurosensory retina. The Journal of comparative neurology 38 15558731
1999 Cloning and characterization of the mouse interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (Ilf3) homolog in a screen for RNA binding proteins. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society 38 10337617
2014 NF90 isoforms, a new family of cellular proteins involved in viral replication? Biochimie 37 25447144
2010 IL-2 mRNA stabilization upon PMA stimulation is dependent on NF90-Ser647 phosphorylation by protein kinase CbetaI. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 37 20870937
2021 circACTA2 mediates Ang II-induced VSMC senescence by modulation of the interaction of ILF3 with CDK4 mRNA. Aging 35 33885378
2020 LncRNA ILF3-AS1 mediated the occurrence of epilepsy through suppressing hippocampal miR-212 expression. Aging 35 32404536
2019 LncRNA MEG3 contributes to adenosine-induced cytotoxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cells by downregulated ILF3 and autophagy inhibition via regulation PI3K-AKT-mTOR and beclin-1 signaling pathway. Journal of cellular biochemistry 35 31144362
2020 Long non-coding RNA ELDR enhances oral cancer growth by promoting ILF3-cyclin E1 signaling. EMBO reports 34 33043604
2019 Upregulation of ERp57 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by initiating a STAT3/ILF3 feedback loop. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 34 31747963
2015 The NF45/NF90 Heterodimer Contributes to the Biogenesis of 60S Ribosomal Subunits and Influences Nucleolar Morphology. Molecular and cellular biology 33 26240280
2007 Mpp4 is required for proper localization of plasma membrane calcium ATPases and maintenance of calcium homeostasis at the rod photoreceptor synaptic terminals. Human molecular genetics 33 17341488
2000 Reconstitution of TCP80/NF90 translation inhibition activity in insect cells. Molecular genetics and metabolism 33 10873392
2007 Nuclear Factor 90(NF90) targeted to TAR RNA inhibits transcriptional activation of HIV-1. Retrovirology 30 17565699
2023 Characterization of circSCL38A1 as a novel oncogene in bladder cancer via targeting ILF3/TGF-β2 signaling axis. Cell death & disease 29 36697384
2023 Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify ILF3 as a mediator of mTORC1-dependent amino acid sensing. Nature cell biology 29 37037994
2021 Long non-coding RNA ILF3-AS1 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by stabilizing ILF3 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. Human cell 29 34491544
2020 ILF3 contributes to the establishment of the antiviral type I interferon program. Nucleic acids research 28 31701124
2019 SP1-mediated upregulation of lncRNA ILF3-AS1 functions a ceRNA for miR-212 to contribute to osteosarcoma progression via modulation of SOX5. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 30819403
2019 MiR-215-5p inhibits the inflammation injury in septic H9c2 by regulating ILF3 and LRRFIP1. International immunopharmacology 28 31806569
2017 NF90 regulates PARP1 mRNA stability in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 28487110
2018 NF90/ILF3 is a transcription factor that promotes proliferation over differentiation by hierarchical regulation in K562 erythroleukemia cells. PloS one 27 29590119
2018 An NF90/NF110-mediated feedback amplification loop regulates dicer expression and controls ovarian carcinoma progression. Cell research 26 29563539
2015 The RNA binding complexes NF45-NF90 and NF45-NF110 associate dynamically with the c-fos gene and function as transcriptional coactivators. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 26381409
2020 Aberrant USP11 expression regulates NF90 to promote proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. American journal of cancer research 25 32509388
2018 Cooperative translational control of polymorphic BAFF by NF90 and miR-15a. Nucleic acids research 25 30272251
2020 NF90 modulates processing of a subset of human pri-miRNAs. Nucleic acids research 24 32427329
2019 The RNA-binding protein ILF3 binds to transposable element sequences in SINEUP lncRNAs. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 24 31570000
2018 RNA stability protein ILF3 mediates cytokine-induced angiogenesis. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 24 30383449
1998 CsA-sensitive purine-box transcriptional regulator in bronchial epithelial cells contains NF45, NF90, and Ku. The American journal of physiology 24 9843854
2021 ILF3 Is a Negative Transcriptional Regulator of Innate Immune Responses and Myeloid Dendritic Cell Maturation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 23 34031149
2015 Overexpression of NF90-NF45 Represses Myogenic MicroRNA Biogenesis, Resulting in Development of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Centronuclear Muscle Fibers. Molecular and cellular biology 23 25918244
2023 LncRNA PTTG3P promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of NSCLC by binding with ILF3 to maintain mRNA stability and form a positive feedback loop with E2F1. International journal of biological sciences 22 37705754
2021 Ubiquitination and degradation of NF90 by Tim-3 inhibits antiviral innate immunity. eLife 22 34110282
2017 NF45 and NF90/NF110 coordinately regulate ESC pluripotency and differentiation. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 22 28487382
2001 Cloning and characterization of the human retina-specific gene MPP4, a novel member of the p55 subfamily of MAGUK proteins. Genomics 22 11414766
1999 A binding protein to the DNase I hypersensitive site II in HLA-DR alpha gene was identified as NF90. Biochemistry 21 10079079
1998 Mapping interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 gene (ILF3) to human chromosome 19 (19q11-qter and 19p11-p13.1) by polymerase chain reaction amplification of human-rodent somatic cell hybrid DNA templates. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research 21 9620363
2024 Circular RNA circPHLPP2 promotes tumor growth and anti-PD-1 resistance through binding ILF3 to regulate IL36γ transcription in colorectal cancer. Molecular cancer 20 39695693
2017 NF90-NF45 is a selective RNA chaperone that rearranges viral and cellular riboswitches: biochemical analysis of a virus host factor activity. Nucleic acids research 20 29040738
2016 Nanog RNA-binding proteins YBX1 and ILF3 affect pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Cell biology international 20 26289635
2003 Cellular localization of the MPP4 protein in the mammalian retina. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20 14638699
2022 LncRNA LINC00649 promotes the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by maintaining the stability of HIF-1α through the NF90/NF45 complex. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 19 35188449
2016 NF90 is a novel influenza A virus NS1-interacting protein that antagonizes the inhibitory role of NS1 on PKR phosphorylation. FEBS letters 19 27423063
2003 Cell cycle dependent intracellular distribution of two spliced isoforms of TCP/ILF3 proteins. Molecular genetics and metabolism 19 14654356
2019 LncRNA LINC00470 promotes proliferation through association with NF45/NF90 complex in hepatocellular carcinoma. Human cell 18 31612313
2018 The positive feedback loop between ILF3 and lncRNA ILF3-AS1 promotes melanoma proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cancer management and research 17 30588088
2015 The anti-leukemic activity of sodium dichloroacetate in p53mutated/null cells is mediated by a p53-independent ILF3/p21 pathway. Oncotarget 17 25544776
2011 L-Ilf3 and L-NF90 traffic to the nucleolus granular component: alternatively-spliced exon 3 encodes a nucleolar localization motif. PloS one 17 21811582
2021 ILF3 is responsible for hyperlipidemia-induced arteriosclerotic calcification by mediating BMP2 and STAT1 transcription. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 16 34343541
2020 LncRNA-ATB Promotes Lung Squamous Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Targeting microRNA-590-5p/NF90 Axis. DNA and cell biology 16 31934791
2019 Inducible expression of immediate early genes is regulated through dynamic chromatin association by NF45/ILF2 and NF90/NF110/ILF3. PloS one 16 31022259
2013 Proteomic analysis of interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (Ilf3) and nuclear factor 90 (NF90) interactome. Biochimie 16 23321469
2011 EBP1 and DRBP76/NF90 binding proteins are included in the major histocompatibility complex class II RNA operon. Nucleic acids research 16 21624892
2002 Characterization of MPP4, a gene highly expressed in photoreceptor cells, and mutation analysis in retinitis pigmentosa. Gene 16 12384283
2024 Macrophage ILF3 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm by inducing inflammatory imbalance in male mice. Nature communications 15 39179537