Affinage

HOMER1

Homer protein homolog 1 · UniProt Q86YM7

Length
354 aa
Mass
40.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
89 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HOMER1 encodes a postsynaptic scaffold protein whose long isoforms (Homer1b/c) multimerize into homotetramers via a coiled-coil domain and, through their EVH1 domains, cluster group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) with intracellular Ca²⁺ channels (IP3 receptors, ryanodine receptors, TRPC channels), Shank proteins, and additional effectors into macromolecular signaling complexes that govern Ca²⁺ homeostasis, AMPA receptor distribution, and long-term synaptic plasticity (PMID:10464340, PMID:17355963, PMID:23133416, PMID:35217690). The activity-induced short isoform Homer1a, generated by alternative polyadenylation, acts as a dominant-negative that disrupts these scaffolded complexes, remodeling postsynaptic density composition to mediate homeostatic synaptic scaling and attention-related circuit maturation (PMID:16407107, PMID:41043992, PMID:41430469, PMID:17196693). Beyond neurons, Homer1 functions in smooth muscle excitation–contraction coupling by bridging Cav1.2 L-type Ca²⁺ channels to RyR2, and in osteoblasts by scaffolding the calcium-sensing receptor to mTORC2 for AKT activation (PMID:17355963, PMID:31527082). The EVH1 domain recognizes a broad set of PPXXF-containing ligands—including ankyrin-G 190, eEF2K, and PMCAs—and shares an evolutionarily conserved binding landscape with Ena/VASP EVH1 domains (PMID:38989636, PMID:33398084, PMID:32892352).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Establishing that Homer1b directly retains mGluR5 in the ER via its EVH1 domain resolved how a scaffold protein could control receptor surface expression, founding the concept of Homer as a trafficking checkpoint.

    Evidence Heterologous cell expression with point mutagenesis of mGluR5 Homer-binding site, EM, co-immunoprecipitation

    PMID:10464340

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural resolution of the EVH1–mGluR5 interface
    • Mechanism by which ER retention is relieved in neurons not defined
  2. 2000 High

    Demonstrating isoform-specific subcellular targeting—Homer1b/c promotes dendritic/synaptic mGluR5 localization while Homer1a redirects it to axons—established the dominant-negative model whereby activity-induced Homer1a remodels receptor distribution.

    Evidence Transfection of cerebellar granule neurons, pharmacological depolarization, confocal microscopy with synaptic markers

    PMID:11102477

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis for axonal versus dendritic targeting unclear
    • Whether Homer1a displaces Homer1b/c or prevents new complex assembly not resolved
  3. 2006 High

    Three concurrent advances defined Homer1's in vivo circuit role and regulatory logic: transgenic Homer1a overexpression in striatum altered motor behavior, placing the Homer1a/Homer1b/c balance as a behavioral switch; Homer1c rescue of LTP and spatial learning in KO mice demonstrated necessity of long isoforms for synaptic plasticity; and identification of activity-dependent alternative polyadenylation as the mechanism toggling isoform production.

    Evidence Transgenic mice with striatal Homer1a overexpression and behavioral/pharmacological testing; rAAV-Homer1c delivery to Homer1 KO hippocampus with electrophysiology and mGluR5 antagonist dissection; mini-gene reporter assays mapping poly(A) site selection

    PMID:16407107 PMID:17196693 PMID:21945599

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinetics of isoform switching in vivo not quantified
    • Whether Homer1c and Homer1b have distinct functional roles remains untested
  4. 2007 High

    Discovery that Homer1 bridges Cav1.2 to RyR2 in smooth muscle, with Homer1 KO impairing bladder excitation–contraction coupling, extended Homer1 function beyond the nervous system to Ca²⁺ signaling in contractile tissues.

    Evidence Homer1 KO mice, split-GFP complementation for Cav1.2–RyR2 proximity, detrusor muscle functional assays

    PMID:17355963

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for Homer1–Cav1.2 interaction not resolved
    • Contribution of individual Homer1 isoforms in smooth muscle not dissected
  5. 2009 High

    Reconstituted single-channel recordings showed that Homer1b directly modulates RyR1/RyR2 gating in a biphasic, concentration-dependent manner independent of coiled-coil multimerization, establishing Homer1 as a direct allosteric regulator of ryanodine receptors.

    Evidence Purified Homer1b and truncation mutant, single-channel electrophysiology, [³H]ryanodine binding

    PMID:19296124

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding site on RyR2 not mapped at residue level
    • In vivo relevance of biphasic regulation not demonstrated
  6. 2012 High

    Showing that Homer1 KO redistributes GluA2-containing AMPA receptors and that Homer1a abolishes LTP maintenance in a GluA2-dependent manner revealed an indirect role for the Homer scaffold in controlling ionotropic receptor composition at synapses.

    Evidence Homer1 KO and Homer1a transgenic mice, Homer1 KO × GluA2 KO epistasis, electrophysiology, immunostaining

    PMID:23133416

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Homer1 acts on GluA2 trafficking directly or via mGluR5 signaling not resolved
    • Identity of the intermediate linking Homer to AMPA receptor redistribution unknown
  7. 2014 High

    Demonstration that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of mGluR1 uncouples it from Homer1 and Gq/11 established phosphorylation as a regulatory switch for the Homer1–mGluR complex, with implications for cocaine-induced maladaptive plasticity.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphoinositide hydrolysis assay, phosphatase/PKC bidirectional manipulation

    PMID:24626340

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific serine residues on mGluR1 mediating Homer1 dissociation not identified
    • Whether other kinases regulate Homer1–mGluR1 coupling in vivo not tested
  8. 2016 High

    Extension of the Homer1 scaffold model to astrocytes showed that Homer1b/c positions ER near plasma membrane-localized mGluR5 to optimize IP3-dependent Ca²⁺ signaling and gliotransmitter release, while activity-induced Homer1a disrupts this arrangement in reactive astrocytes.

    Evidence Confocal imaging of astrocytic processes, Ca²⁺ imaging, glutamate release assay, in vivo siRNA knockdown of Homer1a

    PMID:27075036

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Homer1 regulates astrocyte-neuron signaling at the tripartite synapse in vivo not directly shown
    • Homer1a induction mechanism in reactive astrocytes unclear
  9. 2019 High

    Two studies expanded Homer1's EVH1 binding repertoire beyond the synapse: high-affinity Ca²⁺-sensitive binding to RyR1 via non-canonical proline motifs, and scaffolding of the calcium-sensing receptor to mTORC2 for AKT activation in osteoblasts, broadening Homer1 function to bone physiology.

    Evidence Bio-layer interferometry for RyR1–EVH1 binding; Co-IP in primary human osteoblasts plus HEK-293 reconstitution with siRNA knockdown for CaSR–Homer1–mTORC2 axis

    PMID:31078268 PMID:31527082

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for non-canonical RyR1 motif recognition not determined crystallographically
    • In vivo bone phenotype of Homer1 loss not reported
  10. 2021 High

    Nanoscale mapping of Homer1–ankyrin-G 190 interaction within dendritic spine heads linked the scaffold to structural plasticity—spine head growth and ankyrin-G stabilization—via EVH1-PPXXF recognition, adding a cytoskeletal/structural dimension to Homer1 function.

    Evidence Proximity ligation assay, STORM super-resolution microscopy, EVH1 binding assay, Homer1 KO proteomics

    PMID:33398084

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal mechanism linking Homer1–ankyrin-G to actin remodeling not established
    • Whether this interaction is activity-dependent not tested
  11. 2022 High

    Quantitative mass spectrometry of native Homer1 complexes in cortex confirmed mGlu5 and Shank3 as the primary activity-sensitive interactors, with depolarization selectively dissociating them from Homer1 while Homer2/3 and Shank2 remained bound, providing a hierarchy of complex remodeling.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation with label-free quantitative MS, Homer1 KO control, neuronal depolarization

    PMID:35217690

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Homer1a mediates the observed dissociation not directly tested
    • Temporal dynamics of reassembly after activity cessation unknown
  12. 2024 High

    Proteome-wide EVH1 screening revealed that Homer1 and Ena/VASP EVH1 domains share overlapping ligand repertoires due to incomplete divergence from a pre-metazoan ancestor, redefining the Homer1 binding landscape as broader than previously appreciated.

    Evidence High-throughput peptide library screening, phylogenetic analysis of pre-metazoan EVH1 orthologs

    PMID:38989636

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional significance of newly identified binding partners largely untested
    • Competition between Homer1 and Ena/VASP for shared ligands in vivo not explored
  13. 2025 High

    Three contemporaneous studies resolved outstanding structural and functional questions: NMR showed the Homer1 homotetramer's N-terminal coiled-coil is dynamic and conserved; Shank3 dephosphorylation at S1586/S1615 enhances Homer1 binding to drive mGluR5-dependent homeostatic upscaling; and downregulation of Homer1 short isoforms in developing PFC upscales GABAergic tone to shape adult attention.

    Evidence NMR spectroscopy and MD simulation; phosphomimetic Shank3 mutants with electrophysiological scaling; forward genetic mapping in 200 diverse mice with conditional knockdown and PFC electrophysiology

    PMID:41043992 PMID:41267651 PMID:41430469

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length Homer1 tetramer structure at atomic resolution not yet solved
    • How Homer1a short isoform regulates GABA receptor scaling mechanistically is not defined
    • In vivo confirmation that Shank3 phosphorylation status controls Homer1 binding during natural plasticity lacking

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A comprehensive structural model of the full-length Homer1 tetramer in complex with its ligands, the mechanism by which Homer1 scaffold remodeling leads to AMPA and GABA receptor redistribution, and the in vivo significance of the broad Homer1 EVH1 ligand landscape identified by proteome-wide screening remain unresolved.
  • No high-resolution cryo-EM or crystal structure of full-length Homer1 tetramer with bound ligands
  • Mechanism linking Homer1 to GABA receptor upscaling not molecularly defined
  • Functional validation of most newly identified EVH1 binding partners absent

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 10 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2
Localization
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 8 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5
Partners
ANK3CASRGRM1GRM5RYR1RYR2SHANK2SHANK3
Complex memberships
Homer1-CaSR-mTORC2 complexHomer1-IP3R-TRPC complexHomer1-mGluR5-Shank postsynaptic complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 Homer1b (constitutively expressed splice form) directly interacts with mGluR5 and inhibits its surface expression by retaining the receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum; point mutations that disrupt mGluR5 binding to Homer1b eliminate ER retention, demonstrating the effect requires direct protein-protein interaction via the EVH1 domain. Heterologous cell expression, point mutagenesis, electron microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation/binding assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 10464340
2000 Homer1b/c promotes dendritic targeting and synaptic clustering of mGluR5, while Homer1a (short, activity-induced isoform) additionally drives axonal targeting of mGluR5; neuronal depolarization induces transient endogenous Homer1a expression that produces long-lasting redistribution of mGluR5 to axons. Transfection in cultured cerebellar granule cells, pharmacological neuronal depolarization, confocal microscopy with synaptic markers The Journal of neuroscience High 11102477
2002 A novel Homer1 isoform, Homer1d, whose unique N-terminal 18 amino acids redirect the Homer1–mGluR5 complex from ER retention to plasma membrane localization, whereas Homer1b retains mGluR5 in the ER; both isoforms bind mGluR5 in vitro. HEK293T cell transfection, subcellular localization imaging, in vitro binding assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 12176012
2006 Homer1b/c long forms assemble mGluR1/5 in macromolecular complexes with IP3 receptors and NMDA receptor components in striatal synapses; Homer1a (short IEG isoform) acts as an endogenous dominant-negative that disrupts this mGluR1/5–IP3R signaling complex; transgenic overexpression of Homer1a in striatal medium spiny neurons alters motor performance and amphetamine responses. Transgenic mouse generation (two tissue-specific lines), behavioral testing, pharmacological challenge Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 16407107
2006 Homer1 (specifically the Ania-3/Homer1a isoform) interacts with the b-splice forms of all plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases (PMCA1b–4b) via their PDZ-domain-binding C-terminal tails; endogenous Homer/PMCA2 co-localize in soma and dendrites of hippocampal neurons. Co-immunoprecipitation, colocalization in polarized MDCK cells and primary hippocampal neurons Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16554037
2007 Homer1 mediates a dynamic interaction between Cav1.2 (L-type Ca2+ channel) and RyR2 in smooth muscle: Homer1b/c couples Cav1.2 to RyR2 to reduce depolarization sensitivity, while Homer1a uncouples them to enhance depolarization-dependent Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. Homer1 knockout (not Homer2 or Homer3 KO) impairs urinary bladder E-C coupling. Homer1−/− mouse vs. Homer2/3 KO, split-GFP complementation to detect Cav1.2–RyR2 proximity, detrusor muscle functional assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 17355963
2009 Homer1b/c modulates ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and RyR1 activity in a biphasic manner: ~50–100 nM Homer1b increases channel open probability and reduces Ca2+ EC50 of RyR2, while >200 nM is inhibitory; the short Homer1 form lacking the coiled-coil domain produces similar effects, indicating action through direct ligand binding rather than multimerization. Single-channel recordings, [3H]ryanodine binding assay, dose-response analysis Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology High 19296124
2011 Homer1b/c in astrocytes clusters with mGluR5 at ER-proximal sites; the Homer1b/c–mGluR5 interaction repositions ER to the plasma membrane vicinity, optimizing IP3-driven Ca2+ signaling and glutamate release. The activity-induced short isoform Homer1a is upregulated in reactive astrocytes and, by competing with Homer1b/c, disrupts mGluR5–ER proximity to limit Ca2+ signal amplitude and glutamate release. Confocal imaging of astrocytic processes, Ca2+ imaging, glutamate release assay, in vivo siRNA knockdown of Homer1a Cerebral cortex High 27075036
2011 Homer1 couples TRPC channels to IP3 receptors to maintain channel closure; STIM1 gates TRPC channels open by binding to conserved negative charges adjacent to the Homer-binding PPXXF motif, and dissociation of the TRPC–Homer–IP3R complex allows STIM1 access. Proposed based on biochemical evidence from the field and domain analysis. Review/synthesis with Co-IP evidence cited, domain mutant analysis Acta physiologica Medium 21518270
2012 Homer1 gene products regulate the synaptic distribution of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors and LTP maintenance in hippocampal CA1 neurons: Homer1 KO causes GluA2 redistribution from dendrites to soma and increases AMPA/NMDA ratio; sustained Homer1a overexpression increases GluA2-containing AMPA receptors and abolishes LTP maintenance. Homer1a overexpression in Homer1 KO or GluA2 KO mice does not affect LTP, indicating activity-dependent interaction between Homer1a, long Homer1 isoforms, and GluA2. Homer1 KO mice, Homer1a transgenic mice, electrophysiology (LTP induction), immunostaining Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience High 23133416
2013 In the dorsal hippocampus, acute social defeat stress reduces Homer1b/c levels and Homer1b/c–mGluR5 interaction; overexpression of Homer1b/c in the dorsal hippocampus rescues stress-induced cognitive impairment, and pharmacological mGluR5 blockade prevents it, placing the Homer1b/c–mGluR5 complex as a critical mediator of stress-induced cognitive deficits. Viral vector overexpression of Homer1b/c, co-immunoprecipitation, mGluR5 antagonist treatment, behavioral testing The Journal of neuroscience High 23447597
2011 Viral delivery of Homer1c to the hippocampus of Homer1 KO mice rescues late-phase LTP (HFS and TBS protocols); the rescue is blocked by an mGluR5 antagonist but not an mGluR1 antagonist, placing Homer1c action upstream of mGluR5 in LTP. Homer1c delivery also rescues spatial learning in the Radial Arm Water Maze. rAAV-Homer1c delivery to Homer1 KO hippocampus, extracellular electrophysiology (LTP), pharmacological dissection, behavioral testing Neurobiology of learning and memory High 21945599
2019 Homer1 forms a complex with the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in human osteoblasts, demonstrated by Co-IP; the CaSR–Homer1 complex associates with mTORC2, and both CaSR and Homer1 are required for extracellular Ca2+-stimulated AKT-Ser473 phosphorylation and β-catenin stabilization. Co-transfection of Homer1c and CaSR in HEK-293 cells reconstitutes Ca2+-sensitive AKT phosphorylation that neither alone establishes. Co-immunoprecipitation in primary human osteoblasts, siRNA knockdown, HEK-293 reconstitution, Western blot The Journal of biological chemistry High 31527082
2019 Homer1 EVH1 domain directly binds RyR1 with high affinity (especially at 1 mM Ca2+); two proline-rich consensus sequences in RyR1 (PPHHF and FLPPP) mediate this binding through a mechanism distinct from canonical PPXXF-motif recognition, with proline side chains oriented away from the EVH1 hydrophobic surface. Co-immunoprecipitation, sucrose density-gradient centrifugation, bio-layer interferometry binding assay at varied Ca2+ concentrations, structural modeling Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 31078268
2020 Homer1b/c acts as a scaffold that binds and co-localizes eEF2K; this interaction is regulated by mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of eEF2K at S396, and Homer1b/c modulates localized protein synthesis at synapses through its control of eEF2K localization. Co-immunoprecipitation, pharmacological mTORC1 inhibition, Homer1 genetic manipulation in SH-SY5Y cells and mouse cortical neurons, translation rate measurement Journal of neurochemistry Medium 32892352
2021 Homer1 promotes dendritic spine growth via interaction with the 190 kDa isoform of ankyrin-G; the PPXXF motif in ankyrin-G 190 is recognized by the Homer1 EVH1 domain, this interaction is mapped to distinct nanodomains within the spine head by proximity ligation/super-resolution microscopy, and the interaction motif is required for ankyrin-G 190's ability to increase spine head size and maintain a stable ankyrin-G pool. Proximity ligation assay, STORM super-resolution microscopy, EVH1 domain binding assay, Homer1 KO mice, proteomics Molecular psychiatry High 33398084
2022 Co-immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry in mouse cerebral cortex identifies a high-confidence Homer1 interactome comprising mGlu5, Shank2, Shank3, and Homer1–3; following neuronal depolarization, only mGlu5 and Shank3 are significantly dissociated from Homer1, revealing the activity-dependent remodeling of the complex. Co-immunoprecipitation, label-free quantitative mass spectrometry, Homer1 KO control, neuronal depolarization paradigm Scientific reports High 35217690
2014 Prenatal cocaine exposure causes PKC-mediated hyper-phosphorylation of mGluR1 at serine residues, which uncouples mGluR1 from Homer1 and Gq/11, reducing mGluR1-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis; phosphatase treatment restores coupling and PKC-induced phosphorylation of control membranes mimics the prenatal cocaine effect. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphoinositide hydrolysis assay, phosphatase treatment, PKC activation/inhibition PloS one High 24626340
2024 High-throughput EVH1-domain screening of the human proteome defines the Homer1 binding landscape, identifies a new binding motif overlapping with the Ena/VASP-recognition motif, and demonstrates that Homer1 EVH1 and Ena/VASP EVH1 share binding to many of the same ligands due to incomplete divergence from a common ancestor. High-throughput peptide/protein library screening, binding assays, phylogenetic analysis of pre-metazoan EVH1 orthologs Protein science High 38989636
2025 Full-length Homer1 forms a homotetramer via a long coiled-coil region; NMR solution structure of the EVH1 domain reveals subtle differences around the partner-binding region compared to existing structures, suggesting ligand-induced conformational transitions; MD simulations show the N-terminal coiled-coil segment is most dynamic and highly conserved, implying functional relevance of its flexibility. NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulation, atomistic structural modeling Proteins High 41267651
2025 Activity-dependent dephosphorylation of Shank3 at S1586/S1615 increases its binding to long-form Homer1; phosphomimetic Shank3 has reduced Homer1 interaction; downstream mGluR5 agonist-dependent (not constitutive) signaling is required for synaptic upscaling and is epistatic to Shank3 phosphorylation status, placing the Shank3/Homer1/mGluR5 complex as the effector pathway for homeostatic synaptic upscaling. Phosphomimetic Shank3 mutants, co-immunoprecipitation, pharmacological mGluR1/5 inhibition (competitive vs non-competitive), synaptic scaling electrophysiology in cultured rat neurons The Journal of neuroscience High 41043992
2025 Downregulation of Homer1 short isoforms in the prefrontal cortex during early postnatal development leads to upscaling of GABA receptors and enhanced inhibitory tone, improving signal-to-noise in PFC activity and multiple measures of attention in adult mice, identified via unbiased forward genetic mapping. Forward genetic mapping in 200 genetically diverse mice, conditional knockdown, electrophysiology (PFC activity, GABAergic tone), attention behavioral tasks Nature neuroscience High 41430469
2006 Activity-dependent alternative poly(A) site selection in the vesl-1/homer1 gene controls alternative splicing to switch production between long (constitutive scaffold) and short (dominant-negative) Homer1 isoforms in response to extracellular stimuli, independent of de novo protein synthesis. Mini-gene transcriptional reporter assays, poly(A) site mapping, stimulation paradigms in neurons Neuroscience research Medium 17196693
2024 Preso scaffolding protein facilitates interaction between mGluR1 and Homer1 by promoting CDK5-dependent phosphorylation of the Homer1-binding site on mGluR1 and inhibiting CaMKIIα-mediated phosphorylation of the Homer1 hinge region; blocking peptides targeting Preso–mGluR1–Homer1 promote motor recovery after TBI. Co-immunoprecipitation, kinase assays (CDK5, CaMKIIα), phosphorylation site mutagenesis, blocking peptide injection in TBI mouse model Cell death discovery Medium 38531909

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 89 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 Dendritic and axonal targeting of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor is regulated by homer1 proteins and neuronal excitation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 190 11102477
1999 Homer 1b regulates the trafficking of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. The Journal of biological chemistry 178 10464340
2005 Behavioral and neurochemical phenotyping of Homer1 mutant mice: possible relevance to schizophrenia. Genes, brain, and behavior 164 16011574
2010 Genome-wide association-, replication-, and neuroimaging study implicates HOMER1 in the etiology of major depression. Biological psychiatry 150 20673876
2005 Distinct roles for different Homer1 isoforms in behaviors and associated prefrontal cortex function. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 110 16354916
2009 Extended daily access to cocaine results in distinct alterations in Homer 1b/c and NMDA receptor subunit expression within the medial prefrontal cortex. Synapse (New York, N.Y.) 87 19306440
2003 Homer1 proteins and AMPA receptors modulate cocaine-induced behavioural plasticity. The European journal of neuroscience 78 14511343
2022 Homer1 promotes the conversion of A1 astrocytes to A2 astrocytes and improves the recovery of transgenic mice after intracerebral hemorrhage. Journal of neuroinflammation 77 35287697
2007 Complex, multimodal behavioral profile of the Homer1 knockout mouse. Genes, brain, and behavior 73 16734773
2013 Homer1 knockdown protects dopamine neurons through regulating calcium homeostasis in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Cellular signalling 62 24036210
2015 Homer1/mGluR5 activity moderates vulnerability to chronic social stress. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 60 25409593
2013 Homer1 mediates acute stress-induced cognitive deficits in the dorsal hippocampus. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 55 23447597
2019 Increased Homer1-mGluR5 mediates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and glutamatergic dysregulation via activation of PERK-eIF2α. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 54 31265863
2010 Homer-1 polymorphisms are associated with psychopathology and response to treatment in schizophrenic patients. Journal of psychiatric research 53 20598711
2021 Homer1 promotes dendritic spine growth through ankyrin-G and its loss reshapes the synaptic proteome. Molecular psychiatry 52 33398084
2006 Regulation of motor performance and striatal function by synaptic scaffolding proteins of the Homer1 family. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 50 16407107
2011 The closing and opening of TRPC channels by Homer1 and STIM1. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) 49 21518270
2013 Protective effects of SKF-96365, a non-specific inhibitor of SOCE, against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells: potential role of Homer1. PloS one 47 23383239
2006 The Homer-1 protein Ania-3 interacts with the plasma membrane calcium pump. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 44 16554037
2007 Ca2+ signaling in microdomains: Homer1 mediates the interaction between RyR2 and Cav1.2 to regulate excitation-contraction coupling. The Journal of biological chemistry 43 17355963
2013 Imbalances in prefrontal cortex CC-Homer1 versus CC-Homer2 expression promote cocaine preference. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 42 23658151
2017 Homer1 Scaffold Proteins Govern Ca2+ Dynamics in Normal and Reactive Astrocytes. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 39 27075036
2020 Circ-HOMER1 enhances the inhibition of miR-1322 on CXCL6 to regulate the growth and aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Journal of cellular biochemistry 38 32037619
2004 The postsynaptic scaffold proteins ProSAP1/Shank2 and Homer1 are associated with glutamate receptor complexes at rat retinal synapses. The Journal of comparative neurology 38 15236236
2011 Rescue of synaptic plasticity and spatial learning deficits in the hippocampus of Homer1 knockout mice by recombinant Adeno-associated viral gene delivery of Homer1c. Neurobiology of learning and memory 36 21945599
2009 Cocaine activates Homer1 immediate early gene transcription in the mesocorticolimbic circuit: differential regulation by dopamine and glutamate signaling. Synapse (New York, N.Y.) 35 18932227
2021 Gender-Dependent Deregulation of Linear and Circular RNA Variants of HOMER1 in the Entorhinal Cortex of Alzheimer's Disease. International journal of molecular sciences 33 34502114
2012 Homer1 gene products orchestrate Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptor distribution and LTP expression. Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience 32 23133416
2017 Hippocampal Regulation of Postsynaptic Density Homer1 by Associative Learning. Neural plasticity 30 29238619
2022 The Homer1 family of proteins at the crossroad of dopamine-glutamate signaling: An emerging molecular "Lego" in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. A systematic review and translational insight. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 29 35248676
2022 Saikosaponin D exerts antidepressant effect by regulating Homer1-mGluR5 and mTOR signaling in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Chinese medicine 27 35610650
2005 Association of a polymorphism in the Homer1 gene with cocaine dependence in an African American population. Psychiatric genetics 26 16314758
2014 Diagnostic potential of differentially expressed Homer1, IL-1β, and TNF-α in coronary artery disease. International journal of molecular sciences 25 25551602
2009 HOMER1 promoter analysis in Parkinson's disease: association study with psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychobiology 24 19648775
2019 Homer1 mediates CaSR-dependent activation of mTOR complex 2 and initiates a novel pathway for AKT-dependent β-catenin stabilization in osteoblasts. The Journal of biological chemistry 22 31527082
2013 Cocaine-elicited imbalances in ventromedial prefrontal cortex Homer1 versus Homer2 expression: implications for relapse. Addiction biology 22 24118426
2013 Association of common genetic variants of HOMER1 gene with levodopa adverse effects in Parkinson's disease patients. The pharmacogenomics journal 22 24126708
2006 Alternative poly(A) site-selection regulates the production of alternatively spliced vesl-1/homer1 isoforms that encode postsynaptic scaffolding proteins. Neuroscience research 21 17196693
2002 An N-terminal sequence specific for a novel Homer1 isoform controls trafficking of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor in mammalian cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 12176012
2020 Transcriptional corepressor SIN3A regulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity via Homer1/mGluR5 signaling. JCI insight 19 32069266
2020 Antidepressant treatment is associated with epigenetic alterations of Homer1 promoter in a mouse model of chronic depression. Journal of affective disorders 19 33128940
2013 MicroRNA-3906 regulates fast muscle differentiation through modulating the target gene homer-1b in zebrafish embryos. PloS one 19 23936160
2002 Homer-1 mRNA in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus is regulated differentially by the retinohypothalamic tract transmitters pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and glutamate at time points where light phase-shifts the endogenous rhythm. Brain research. Molecular brain research 18 12399110
2015 Potential roles for Homer1 and Spinophilin in the preventive effect of electroconvulsive seizures on stress-induced CA3c dendritic retraction in the hippocampus. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 16 25935093
2013 Spinal synaptic scaffolding protein Homer 1b/c regulates CREB phosphorylation and c-fos activation induced by inflammatory pain in rats. Neuroscience letters 15 24316406
2011 Knockdown of synaptic scaffolding protein Homer 1b/c attenuates secondary hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in rats. Anesthesia and analgesia 15 22003220
2009 In vitro modulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor activity by Homer1. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 15 19296124
2023 Homer1 ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 14 38091015
2007 Cocaine induces the expression of homer 1b/c, homer 3a/b, and hsp 27 proteins in rat cerebellum. Synapse (New York, N.Y.) 14 17455232
2021 The Role of Stress-Induced Changes of Homer1 Expression in Stress Susceptibility. Biochemistry. Biokhimiia 13 34225586
2023 Homer1 Protects against Retinal Ganglion Cell Pyroptosis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Retinal Ischemia. International journal of molecular sciences 12 38069134
2021 Liraglutide preconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury via homer1 activation. Aging 12 33535171
2016 Association of HOMER1 rs2290639 with suicide attempts in Hong Kong Chinese and the potentially functional role of this polymorphism. SpringerPlus 12 27386253
2009 Early changes in Homer1 proteins in the spinal dorsal horn are associated with loose ligation of the rat sciatic nerve. Anesthesia and analgesia 12 19923532
2010 Delayed appearance of the scaffolding proteins PSD-95 and Homer-1 at the developing rat calyx of Held synapse. The Journal of comparative neurology 11 20886623
2022 Activity dependent dissociation of the Homer1 interactome. Scientific reports 10 35217690
2014 Prenatal cocaine exposure uncouples mGluR1 from Homer1 and Gq Proteins. PloS one 10 24626340
2018 Clinical and Diagnostic Significance of Homer1 in hepatitis B virus-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Journal of Cancer 9 29556326
2016 Down-regulation of Homer1 attenuates t-BHP-induced oxidative stress through regulating calcium homeostasis and ER stress in brain endothelial cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 9 27396622
2023 Ndufa4 Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Neurons via miR-145a-5p/Homer1/Ccnd2. Molecular neurobiology 7 36763283
2023 hsa_circ_0006916 Exerts Effect on Amyloid Beta-Induced Neuron Injury by Targeting miR-217/HOMER1. Annals of clinical and laboratory science 7 37094855
2022 Arc and Homer1 are involved in comorbid epilepsy and depression: A microarray data analysis. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 7 35665606
2021 The mTORC2 Regulator Homer1 Modulates Protein Levels and Sub-Cellular Localization of the CaSR in Osteoblast-Lineage Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 7 34204449
2019 Pb exposure reduces the expression of SNX6 and Homer1 in offspring rats and PC12 cells. Toxicology 7 30738087
2019 Homer1/mGluR1-mediated ER stress contributes to lysophosphatidic acid-induced neurotoxicity in cortical neurons. Neurochemistry international 7 31369778
2018 Polymorphisms of HOMER1 gene are associated with piglet splay leg syndrome and one significant SNP can affect its intronic promoter activity in vitro. BMC genetics 7 30526478
2009 Homer1 regulates the susceptibility to TRAIL. Experimental cell research 7 19376111
2020 Bicuculline regulated protein synthesis is dependent on Homer1 and promotes its interaction with eEF2K through mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation. Journal of neurochemistry 6 32892352
2019 Interaction of the Homer1 EVH1 domain and skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 6 31078268
2017 Cocaine alters Homer1 natural antisense transcript in the nucleus accumbens. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 6 29055697
2024 Elaboration of the Homer1 recognition landscape reveals incomplete divergence of paralogous EVH1 domains. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 5 38989636
2016 Diagnostic Potential of Differentially Expressed Homer1 and Homer2 in Ischemic Stroke. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 5 27832625
2005 Homer 1b/c expression correlates with zebrafish olfactory system development. Journal of neurocytology 5 16217622
2024 Serum Homer1 is a Novel Biomarker for Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Journal of inflammation research 3 38434583
2024 Preso enhances mGluR1-mediated excitotoxicity by modulating the phosphorylation of mGluR1-Homer1 complex and facilitating an ER stress after traumatic brain injury. Cell death discovery 3 38531909
2020 A single nucleotide polymorphism in the HOMER1 gene is associated with sleep latency and theta power in sleep electroencephalogram. PloS one 3 32645048
2017 Homer1 (VesL-1) in the rat esophagus: focus on myenteric plexus and neuromuscular junction. Histochemistry and cell biology 3 28337539
2025 Activity Deprivation Modulates the Shank3/Homer1/mGluR5 Signaling Pathway to Enable Synaptic Upscaling. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2 41043992
2015 Inhibition of Attention for Affective Material: Contributions by HOMER1 Gene Variation. Psychology & neuroscience 2 26779324
2025 Structural Modeling and Dynamics of the Full-Length Homer1 Multimer. Proteins 1 41267651
2024 Elaboration of the Homer1 Recognition Landscape Reveals Incomplete Divergence of Paralogous EVH1 Domains. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 1 38645240
2026 Cerebrospinal fluid HOMER1 and NPTX2 as candidate signatures in early-stage multiple system atrophy-parkinsonism. Journal of the neurological sciences 0 41780424
2025 Calcium-sensing receptors promoted Homer1 expression and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Open life sciences 0 40059879
2025 DST-3, a novel cryptotanshinone derivate, attenuates glutamate excitotoxicity after ischemic stroke via CREB-Homer1 axis activation. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 0 40929882
2025 Inhba, Homer1 and Bdnf are major targets of transcriptomic dysregulation by neurodegenerative disease-associated excitotoxic NMDA receptor signaling. Communications biology 0 41339520
2025 Genetic mapping identifies Homer1 as a developmental modifier of attention. Nature neuroscience 0 41430469
2024 Genetic mapping identifies Homer1 as a developmental modifier of attention. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 36993710
2024 HOMER1 Polymorphism and Parkinson's Disease-Psychosis: Is there an Association? Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 0 38751916
2015 The Impact of Small RNA Interference Against Homer1 on Rats with Type 2 Diabetes and ERK Phosphorylation. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 0 27259299