Affinage

GRM1

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 · UniProt Q13255

Length
1194 aa
Mass
132.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 37 papers cited in narrative 37 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GRM1 (mGluR1) is a Gαq/11-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor that transduces extracellular glutamate into intracellular signaling through a canonical phospholipase C (PLC)–IP3–Ca2+/PKC cascade, governing synaptic plasticity in cerebellum, hippocampus, and midbrain circuits (PMID:1314623, PMID:16234485). Receptor coupling efficacy is dictated by Gq/11α expression levels, and the long C-terminal splice variant mGluR1a confers higher basal and agonist-stimulated PLC activity than short-tail variants (PMID:9371547, PMID:16234485). In cerebellar Purkinje cells the long C-terminal Homer-binding domain of mGluR1a is required for perisynaptic targeting, IP3R-mediated dendritic Ca2+ release, climbing fiber synapse elimination, long-term depression, and motor learning, whereas the TRPC-mediated slow EPSC component is C-terminus-independent (PMID:24523559, PMID:21441586); mGluR1 forms a Purkinje-cell complex with GluD2 (GluRδ2), PKCγ, and TRPC3 and gates the orphan GluD2 channel through its Gαq–PLC–PKC arm (PMID:23115168, PMID:24357660, PMID:27276689). Beyond store release, mGluR1 mobilizes Ca2+ from acidic endolysosomal stores via NAADP/two-pore channels to drive hippocampal LTP, recruits Src/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascades that support transcription- and translation-dependent forms of plasticity, and signals from nuclear membranes to generate nuclear Ca2+ transients (PMID:16740609, PMID:19403827, PMID:30482851, PMID:17250682). mGluR1 also acts as a presynaptic glutamate-release autoreceptor and physically interacts with NMDARs through two C-terminal sites, potentiating NMDAR currents and contributing to excitotoxicity after ischemia (PMID:18625255, PMID:11378156, PMID:31670972). Receptor surface availability is controlled by trafficking partners including TFR1 (via Rab8/Rab11) and by NRG1/ErbB signaling (PMID:29054881, PMID:25266126). Dominant gain-of-function and dominant-negative GRM1 mutations cause adult- and juvenile-onset cerebellar ataxia, and rare loss-of-function variants are found in schizophrenia (PMID:28886343, PMID:25137254). In melanoma and brain-metastatic lung cancer, aberrant GRM1/mGluR1 expression couples to MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways and stabilizes EGFR, driving and maintaining oncogenic transformation (PMID:22798429, PMID:23085756, PMID:38309264).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Established that mGluR1 is a functional receptor that couples to intracellular second-messenger systems, defining it as a metabotropic, multi-pathway glutamate sensor.

    Evidence Stable expression in CHO cells with PI hydrolysis, cAMP, and arachidonic acid release assays plus pharmacological perturbation

    PMID:1314623

    Open questions at the time
    • Which specific G proteins mediate each cascade not resolved
    • Physiological relevance of cAMP/arachidonic arms versus PI hydrolysis untested in neurons
  2. 1997 Medium

    Showed the long C-terminal tail of the mGluR1a splice variant determines PLC coupling efficacy, linking receptor isoform structure to signaling output.

    Evidence Heterologous expression comparing splice variants with PLC activity and agonist potency assays

    PMID:9371547

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of enhanced coupling by the long tail not defined
    • Single-lab comparison
  3. 2001 High

    Mapped mGluR1-to-NMDAR potentiation to a PLC–Ca2+–PKC cascade dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, and defined a transmembrane allosteric site distinct from the orthosteric pocket.

    Evidence Xenopus oocyte co-expression electrophysiology with pathway inhibitors; HEK293 chimeric receptor and binding studies for BAY36-7620

    PMID:11306677 PMID:11378156

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of cytoskeletal effectors not established
    • Constitutive activity role in native tissue untested
  4. 2005 Medium

    Demonstrated that Gq/11α abundance directly gates mGluR1 Ca2+/IP3 signaling, identifying the G protein as the rate-limiting coupling determinant.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown and overexpression of Gq/11α with single-cell IP3 and Ca2+ imaging

    PMID:16234485

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of unmasked baseline oscillations upon knockdown unclear
    • Single-lab heterologous system
  5. 2006 High

    Resolved that mGluR1 elicits dendritic Ca2+ through both TRP channel influx and store release, and recruits a parallel Src/ERK cascade required for hippocampal LTP.

    Evidence Two-photon Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology, and pharmacology in rat hippocampal interneurons

    PMID:16740609

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of TRP subtype in interneurons not specified
    • How Src/ERK feeds plasticity machinery unresolved
  6. 2007 High

    Defined mGluR1 as essential for CA3–CA1 plasticity and associative learning, and revealed that its signaling is itself subject to bidirectional plasticity (LTD_mGluR1); also localized functional mGluR1 to nuclear membranes.

    Evidence In vivo field recordings and trace conditioning in KO/heterozygous mice; cerebellar slice physiology and Ca2+ imaging; isolated-nuclei Ca2+ imaging with antagonists

    PMID:17250682 PMID:17640528 PMID:18024992

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism expressing LTD of mGluR1 signaling not defined
    • Functional role of nuclear Ca2+ transients unknown
  7. 2008 High

    Identified a presynaptic autoreceptor role for mGluR1 in glutamate release and dissected a PKCγ/Src cascade modifying NMDAR (NR2A) phosphorylation in ischemia.

    Evidence Synaptosome release assays in mGluR1/mGluR5 KO mice; rat MCAO model with PSD fractionation and Western blot

    PMID:18248625 PMID:18625255

    Open questions at the time
    • Presynaptic effector coupling not detailed
    • Direct versus indirect modulation of NR2A unresolved
  8. 2009 High

    Showed mGluR1-induced persistent LTP requires transcription and translation through PI3K/mTOR and MEK/ERK, linking the receptor to protein-synthesis-dependent plasticity; in melanocytes the same MAPK/AKT cascades were found necessary for transformation.

    Evidence Hippocampal slice electrophysiology with pathway inhibitors and 4E-BP KO mice; Grm1-expressing melanocyte clones with siRNA, agonist/antagonist, and AKT2 knockdown plus allograft

    PMID:19403827 PMID:19843246

    Open questions at the time
    • Translational targets in neurons not identified
    • How a neuronal receptor drives melanocyte transformation mechanistically incomplete
  9. 2012 High

    Established the cerebellar mGluR1 interactome (GluD2, PKCγ, TRPC3) and confirmed sustained GRM1 expression maintains MAPK/PI3K-AKT signaling required for the melanoma transformed phenotype.

    Evidence Unbiased proteomic Co-IP with GluRδ2 mutant mouse electrophysiology; inducible siRNA in melanoma lines with biochemistry and xenografts

    PMID:22798429 PMID:23085756 PMID:23115168

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry/architecture of the GluD2–mGluR1–TRPC3 complex unresolved
    • Direct oncogenic effectors downstream of MAPK/AKT not fully mapped
  10. 2013 High

    Demonstrated mGluR1 gates the orphan GluD2 channel and induces protein-synthesis-dependent inhibitory plasticity in VTA dopamine neurons relevant to cocaine reward.

    Evidence Heterologous and Purkinje cell electrophysiology for GluD2 gating; VTA slice recordings with ERK/mTOR biochemistry and intra-VTA pharmacology with CPP

    PMID:23348064 PMID:24357660

    Open questions at the time
    • Conformational mechanism coupling mGluR1 to GluD2 unknown
    • Translational targets underlying I-LTD not identified
  11. 2014 High

    Defined the C-terminal Homer domain as required in vivo for perisynaptic targeting and IP3R-dependent LTD but not TRPC currents, mapped GRM1 cancer mutations to discrete functional domains, characterized loss-of-function schizophrenia variants, and showed NRG1/ErbB controls mGluR1 surface expression.

    Evidence mGluR1 KO rescue with mGluR1a vs mGluR1b across imaging/electrophysiology/behavior; mutant cell lines with IP/ERK assays; patient-mutant functional assays with PAM rescue; midbrain DA neuron electrophysiology with ErbB/PI3K inhibitors

    PMID:23303475 PMID:24491800 PMID:24523559 PMID:25137254 PMID:25266126

    Open questions at the time
    • How Homer scaffolding organizes the perisynaptic signalosome mechanistically unresolved
    • Genotype–phenotype relationships for human variants incomplete
  12. 2016 High

    Confirmed mGluR1-evoked GluD2 current operates through the Gαq–PLC–PKC arm, integrating the receptor's canonical cascade with ionotropic-like signaling at Purkinje synapses.

    Evidence HEK293 co-transfection and cerebellar slice electrophysiology with PLC and PKC inhibitors

    PMID:27276689

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular step from PKC to GluD2 channel opening unknown
  13. 2017 Medium

    Linked GRM1 mutations to dominant cerebellar ataxia (gain-of-function and dominant-negative truncation) and identified TFR1 as a Rab-dependent trafficking regulator of synaptic mGluR1.

    Evidence Human genetics with in vitro pharmacology (Nitazoxanide); Purkinje-cell conditional TFR1 KO with biochemistry, imaging, physiology, and behavior

    PMID:28886343 PMID:29054881

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular mechanism distinguishing gain-of-function from dominant-negative alleles not fully resolved
    • TFR1 modulation: single conditional-KO study
  14. 2018 High

    Revealed that mGluR1 mobilizes Ca2+ from acidic endolysosomal stores via NAADP/two-pore channels to direct the polarity of hippocampal plasticity, and that mGluR1 co-activation is required for M4-muscarinic control of striatal dopamine release.

    Evidence Hippocampal slice electrophysiology in TPC KO mice with NAADP/SK pharmacology; in vivo voltammetry, KO mice, and PAM/endocannabinoid pharmacology in striatum

    PMID:30116027 PMID:30482851

    Open questions at the time
    • Coupling between mGluR1 and NAADP production not defined
    • Mechanism of LTP-to-LTD switch upon TPC removal unresolved
  15. 2019 Medium

    Defined two C-terminal mGluR1–NMDAR interaction sites whose disruption is neuroprotective, and linked mGluR1 to FMRP/C1q-driven microglial synapse pruning in Alzheimer's models.

    Evidence Co-IP and binding assays with interfering peptides in neurons, slices, and rat stroke model; rodent AD models with FMRP/C1q biochemistry and behavior

    PMID:30652266 PMID:31670972

    Open questions at the time
    • mGluR1–GluN2A interaction relies on Co-IP without structural validation
    • Causality of mGluR1 in human AD synapse loss not established
  16. 2024 Medium

    Showed that the brain metastatic microenvironment induces mGluR1 in lung cancer cells through a Wnt-5a/PRICKLE1/REST axis, and that induced mGluR1 directly stabilizes EGFR to support tumor cell survival.

    Evidence Mixed-glial co-culture, Co-IP of mGluR1 and EGFR, upstream pathway perturbation, and pharmacological mGluR1 inhibition

    PMID:38309264

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which mGluR1 stabilizes EGFR not defined
    • Single-lab finding requiring in vivo confirmation

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the distinct mGluR1 signaling modules (store Ca2+, acidic-store NAADP, TRPC/GluD2, Src/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, nuclear Ca2+) are spatially organized and selectively engaged in different cell types remains unresolved, as does the structural basis of its receptor-receptor (NMDAR, EGFR) interactions.
  • No structural model of the mGluR1 signalosome
  • Cell-type-specific effector selection logic unknown
  • Direct receptor-receptor interaction interfaces not solved structurally

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005635 nuclear envelope 1 GO:0005764 lysosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3
Partners
EGFRERBBGLUD2GRIN2AHOMER1PKCGTFRCTRPC3
Complex memberships
mGluR1–GluD2–PKCγ–TRPC3 cerebellar complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 37 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 mGluR1 expressed in CHO cells stimulates phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis, cAMP formation, and arachidonic acid release with comparable agonist potency rank orders; pertussis toxin and phorbol ester produced distinct effects on the three transduction cascades, indicating mGluR1 independently links to multiple G protein-mediated transduction pathways. Stable transfection in CHO cells, second messenger assays (PI hydrolysis, cAMP, arachidonic acid release), pharmacological perturbation Neuron High 1314623
2001 mGluR1α-mediated potentiation of NMDA receptor currents occurs via a PLC-initiated cascade requiring intracellular Ca2+ rise and PKC activation; disruption of the actin cytoskeleton blocked mGluR1-elicited signaling, implicating cytoskeletal proteins in the pathway. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing recombinant NMDARs and mGluR1α; pharmacological inhibitors (U-73122, BAPTA-AM, thapsigargin, Ro-32-0432, staurosporine, cytochalasin D) Neuropharmacology High 11378156
2001 BAY36-7620 acts as a potent non-competitive, inverse agonist at mGluR1 by binding within the transmembrane region (helices 4–7), not at the orthosteric glutamate-binding pocket; chimeric receptor studies showed the transmembrane domain of mGluR1 is necessary and sufficient for BAY36-7620 activity, and the compound inhibits >60% of constitutive mGluR1 activity. Transient expression in HEK293 cells, IP formation assays, [3H]quisqualate displacement binding, chimeric receptor constructs (mGluR1/DmGluA, mGluR1/mGluR2, mGluR1/mGluR5) Molecular pharmacology High 11306677
1997 The mGluR1a splice variant, which has a long C-terminal tail, shows higher agonist potency and higher basal phospholipase C activity compared to short-tail variants (mGluR1b, 1c, 1d), demonstrating that the long C-terminal tail increases PLC coupling efficacy. Heterologous expression in cell lines, PLC activity and agonist potency assays across splice variants European journal of pharmacology Medium 9371547
2006 mGluR1α activation in hippocampal oriens/alveus interneurons elicits dendritic Ca2+ signals via Ca2+ influx through TRP channels AND Ca2+ release from intracellular stores; mGluR1α also activates an Src/ERK cascade; blocking TRP channels or Src/ERK or intracellular Ca2+ release each prevents mGluR1α-dependent LTP induction. Two-photon calcium imaging, whole-cell recordings, selective pharmacological inhibitors, Western blot, immunocytochemistry in rat hippocampal slices The Journal of physiology High 16740609
2011 mGluR1-mediated slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials in cerebellar Purkinje cells are mediated by the transient receptor potential channel TRPC3, while the dendritic Ca2+ signal results from IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ release from internal stores — two distinct downstream signal components of mGluR1 activation. Review synthesizing electrophysiology and molecular biology studies (KO mice, pharmacology, Ca2+ imaging) Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Medium 21441586
2012 Unbiased proteomics of cerebellar mGluR1 complexes identified GluRδ2 (GluD2) and PKCγ as major interactors, along with TRPC3; mutation of GluRδ2 increased surface expression of mGluR1 and TRPC3, enhanced mGluR1-evoked inward currents, and disrupted mGluR1-dependent synaptic transmission time course at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapses. Unbiased proteomic co-immunoprecipitation from cerebellum, subcellular fractionation, electrophysiology in GluRδ2 mutant mice The Journal of neuroscience High 23115168
2013 mGluR1 (type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor) triggers gating of the orphan GluD2 ion channel, both in a heterologous expression system and in cerebellar Purkinje cells, establishing GluD2 as a functional ion channel operated through mGluR1. Heterologous co-expression electrophysiology, Purkinje cell whole-cell recordings EMBO reports High 24357660
2016 The mGluR1-induced GluD2 current requires Gαq signaling and the downstream canonical PLC and PKC pathway; inhibition of PLC (U73122) or PKC (GF109203X) strongly reduced the DHPG-induced GluD2 current in both transfected HEK293 cells and at the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapse. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in HEK293 cells co-transfected with mGluR1 and GluD2; pharmacological inhibitors; cerebellar slice electrophysiology Neuropharmacology High 27276689
2014 The long C-terminal domain of mGluR1a, which interacts with Homer scaffolding proteins, is required for proper perisynaptic targeting of mGluR1, IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release, climbing fiber synapse elimination, cerebellar LTD, and motor learning; in contrast TRPC currents and motor coordination do not require this domain. Rescue of mGluR1 KO mice with mGluR1b (lacking C-terminal domain) vs. mGluR1a; immunohistochemistry, Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology, behavioral testing The Journal of neuroscience High 24523559
2007 Repeated climbing fiber-evoked depolarization of Purkinje cells induces long-term depression of mGluR1-mediated signaling (LTD_mGluR1), expressed postsynaptically as attenuation of both the slow EPSC (TRPC3-mediated) and PLC/IP3-mediated dendritic Ca2+ mobilization. Brain slice electrophysiology, Ca2+ imaging in cerebellar Purkinje cells Neuron High 17640528
2008 mGluR1 functions as a presynaptic autoreceptor on mouse cortical glutamatergic nerve terminals, facilitating depolarization-evoked glutamate exocytosis; this was demonstrated using crv4 (mGluR1 KO) synaptosomes, where high-concentration DHPG-induced facilitation was abolished, while low-concentration effects (mGluR5-mediated) remained intact. [3H]D-aspartate release from cortical synaptosomes, mGluR1 KO (crv4) vs. mGluR5 KO mice, Western blot of synaptic fractions, immunocytochemistry Neuropharmacology High 18625255
2007 mGluR1 is required for activity-dependent synaptic plasticity at the CA3–CA1 synapse and for associative learning; mGluR1 KO and heterozygous mice show impaired LTP and abolished or impaired trace eyeblink conditioning, and pharmacological mGluR1 blockade in wild-type mice replicates these deficits. In vivo CA3-CA1 field recordings in awake behaving mice, classical trace conditioning, genetic KO/heterozygous mice, pharmacological blockade with BAY36-7620 Cerebral cortex High 18024992
2009 mGluR1 activation in hippocampal interneurons induces persistent LTP (cL-LTP_mGluR1) that requires both transcription and translation via PI3K/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways, as well as translational initiation (inhibited by hippuristanol/eIF4A inhibitor), and is facilitated in 4E-BP knockout mice. Whole-cell recordings in hippocampal slices, pharmacological inhibitors of signaling pathways, transgenic mice (4E-BP KO) The Journal of neuroscience High 19403827
2018 mGluR1 is coupled to NAADP signaling that elicits Ca2+ release from acidic stores (endolysosomes); this Ca2+ signal transiently inhibits SK-type K+ channels (possibly via PP2A) to mediate mGluR1-dependent LTP; removing two-pore channels (TPCs) switches plasticity from LTP to LTD, indicating TPC-mediated acidic store Ca2+ release is specifically required for mGluR1-LTP. Hippocampal slice electrophysiology, TPC genetic KO mice, pharmacological tools (NAADP antagonists, SK channel blockers) Science signaling High 30482851
2007 Nuclear mGluR1a receptors are expressed on nuclear membranes of HEK293 cells and rat cortical neurons; direct glutamate/quisqualate activation of isolated nuclei triggers Ca2+ oscillations (HEK) or plateau Ca2+ signals (cortical) that are blocked by a selective mGluR1 antagonist and by ryanodine/IP3R inhibitors; nuclear mGluR1 expression increases postnatally. Immunocytochemistry, subcellular fractionation, Western blot, Ca2+ imaging of isolated nuclei, pharmacological antagonism Journal of neurochemistry High 17250682
2019 mGluR1 activation in hippocampal CA1 promotes dephosphorylation of FMRP, facilitating local translation of synaptic C1q mRNA, which in turn drives C1q-mediated microglial phagocytosis of glutamatergic synapses; suppression of mGluR1 signaling reversed these effects in AD rodent models. Rodent AD models (two types), pharmacological activation/suppression of mGluR1, Western blot for FMRP phosphorylation, immunofluorescence for C1q and synaptic markers, behavioral cognitive testing Molecular neurobiology Medium 30652266
2002 mGluR1 antagonists increase GABA release in hippocampal slices exposed to ischemia, and their neuroprotective effects are partially prevented by GABAA/GABAB receptor antagonists, indicating that mGluR1 blockade confers neuroprotection at least partly through enhanced GABAergic transmission. Organotypic hippocampal slice OGD model, GABA microdialysis in gerbil global ischemia, mouse cortical wedge bursting model; GABAA/B antagonists (bicuculline, CGP55845) Neuropharmacology Medium 12213266
2008 mGluR1 antagonism (LY367385) after transient focal ischemia reduced infarct volume and attenuated increases in PSD-associated PKCγ and Src kinase; the antagonist specifically inhibited ischemia-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDAR subunit NR2A (but not NR2B), indicating mGluR1 activates a PKC/Src cascade that modifies NMDAR function post-ischemia. Rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model, intravenous LY367385, PSD fractionation, Western blot for PKCγ, Src, and NR2A/NR2B tyrosine phosphorylation Journal of neurochemistry Medium 18248625
2008 GRM1 somatic cancer mutations alter mGluR1a intracellular localization and signaling: mutations near the glutamate-binding domain (R375G, G396V) reduce cell surface expression and basal IP formation; A168V (in binding site) increases agonist-induced IP and ERK1/2 activation; R696W (GRK2/PKC regulatory region) decreases ERK1/2 activation; P1148L (Homer binding region) reduces ERK1/2 activation without altering localization. Stable cell lines expressing mutant mGluR1a receptors, inositol phosphate formation assay, ERK1/2 phosphorylation by Western blot, immunofluorescence for localization Molecular pharmacology Medium 23303475
2014 Several rare GRM1 missense mutations found in schizophrenia patients cause loss of function of the major mGluR1 signaling pathway (reduced inositol phosphate production), not attributable to loss of plasma membrane expression, as shown in stable cell lines expressing mutant receptors; these deficits could be partially restored by mGluR1 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). Stable cell lines expressing patient-derived mGluR1 mutants, inositol phosphate formation assay, surface expression assay, pharmacological PAM rescue ACS chemical biology Medium 25137254
2017 Dominant gain-of-function missense mutations in GRM1 are associated with adult-onset cerebellar ataxia and could be pharmacologically modulated in vitro using Nitazoxanide; a truncation mutation acts as a dominant negative causing juvenile-onset ataxia with intellectual disability. Human genetics (heterozygous dominant mutations identified), in vitro pharmacological testing of FDA-approved drug Nitazoxanide on mutant receptors American journal of human genetics Medium 28886343
2014 Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) via ErbB kinase signaling selectively increases mGluR1-activated currents by inducing synthesis and membrane trafficking of functional mGluR1 receptors, and stimulates the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway required for mGluR1 function; an endogenous NRG1/ErbB tone is necessary to maintain surface mGluR1 expression in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Electrophysiology in midbrain dopaminergic neurons, Western blot, pharmacological inhibitors of ErbB and PI3K-Akt-mTOR, in vivo microdialysis for striatal dopamine Molecular psychiatry Medium 25266126
2017 Transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) modulates trafficking of mGluR1 in cerebellar Purkinje cells; conditional KO of TFR1 reduces synaptic mGluR1 expression by tethering Rab8 and Rab11 in the cytosol, thereby inhibiting mGluR1 internalization/recycling, reducing parallel fiber-Purkinje cell LTD, and impairing motor coordination without affecting LTP or social behaviors. Conditional KO mice (TFR1flox/flox;pCP2-cre), Western blot, immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, electrophysiology (LTD, LTP), behavioral assays The Journal of neuroscience High 29054881
2009 In GRM1-expressing melanoma cells, Grm1 agonist stimulation activates AKT2 (the predominantly activated AKT isoform); preincubation with a Grm1 antagonist abolishes agonist-induced AKT activation; siRNA knockdown of AKT2 reduces allograft tumor volume, establishing AKT2 as a downstream effector of Grm1 oncogenic signaling. Stable Grm1-expressing melanocyte clones and human melanoma cell lines, agonist/antagonist pharmacology, Western blot for pAKT isoforms, siRNA knockdown, in vivo allograft Pigment cell & melanoma research Medium 19843246
2012 GRM1 suppression in human melanoma cell lines by inducible siRNA reduces viable cell number, decreases stimulated MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling, and suppresses tumor progression in vivo, demonstrating that continued GRM1 expression is required to maintain these downstream pathways and transformed phenotype. Inducible siRNA (ecdysone/Ponasterone A and tetracycline systems), Western blot for MAPK and AKT, cell viability assays, in vivo xenograft Molecular cancer research Medium 22798429
2012 Grm1-expressing immortalized melanocyte clones activate MAPK and AKT/PKB signaling cascades in response to Grm1 agonist, and these oncogenic signaling events are required for transformation; inducible Grm1 siRNA suppresses proliferation in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo, demonstrating that sustained Grm1 expression and signaling is required for the transformed phenotype. Stable Grm1-expressing iBMK epithelial cell clones, MTT assays, colony formation in semi-solid medium, xenograft allografts, inducible siRNA, second messenger accumulation assays Oncogene Medium 23085756
2013 mGluR1 activation in VTA dopamine neurons induces protein synthesis-dependent long-term depression of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (I-LTD) via ERK and mTOR signaling; cocaine conditioning activates translation machinery via an mGluR1-dependent mechanism; intra-VTA mGluR1 antagonism inhibits protein synthesis and attenuates cocaine-conditioned place preference. Whole-cell recordings from VTA dopamine neurons in rat brain slices, Western blot for ERK/mTOR/translation factor phosphorylation, intra-VTA microinjections in behaving rats, CPP behavioral assay Neuropsychopharmacology Medium 23348064
2019 mGluR1 directly interacts with NMDAR via two distinct sites on the mGluR1 C-terminus; disruption of the mGluR1–GluN2A interaction protects primary hippocampal neurons from NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity, reverses NMDAR-mediated ERK1/2 regulation in hippocampal slices, and alleviates brain infarction in a rat ischemic stroke model. Co-immunoprecipitation, affinity binding assay, primary neuronal excitotoxicity assay, hippocampal slice ERK1/2 Western blot, rat MCA occlusion model with interfering peptides FASEB journal Medium 31670972
2024 In the brain microenvironment, astrocytes induce mGluR1 expression in lung cancer cells via the Wnt-5a/PRICKLE1/REST axis; induced mGluR1 directly interacts with and stabilizes EGFR in a glutamate-dependent manner, driving cancer cell survival and susceptibility to mGluR1 inhibition. Mixed-glial culture system (MGS), co-culture experiments, Co-IP of mGluR1 and EGFR, pathway perturbation (Wnt-5a neutralization, REST overexpression), pharmacological mGluR1 inhibition Developmental cell Medium 38309264
2018 mGluR1 co-activation (Gαq/11-coupled) is required for M4 muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of striatal dopamine release and antipsychotic-like effects; mGluR1 PAM potentiation following thalamo-striatal stimulation is sufficient to inhibit striatal dopamine release via an endocannabinoid-dependent mechanism; mGluR1 does not directly inhibit D1 receptor signaling. In vivo striatal dopamine release measurements, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, KO mice, selective mGluR1 PAM administration, behavioral antipsychotic models, pharmacological endocannabinoid system blockade Molecular psychiatry Medium 30116027
2005 mGluR1 receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling is governed by Gq/11α protein expression levels; RNAi knockdown of Gq/11α almost abolishes IP3 formation by both mGluR1 and mGluR5; for mGluR1 specifically, Gq/11α knockdown unmasks persistent baseline Ca2+ oscillations; overexpression of Gqα enhances mGluR1-mediated IP3 signals. RNAi knockdown and overexpression of Gq/11α in transfected cells, single-cell IP3 imaging, Ca2+ imaging Molecular pharmacology Medium 16234485
2004 In CA1 pyramidal neurons, both mGluR1 and mGluR5 contribute synergistically to DHPG-evoked Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and inward currents; selective antagonism of either subtype inhibits both responses by >50%, revealing cooperative interaction. Combined whole-cell voltage-clamp and Ca2+ imaging in rat hippocampal slices, selective mGluR1 (LY367385) and mGluR5 (MPEP) antagonists Neuropharmacology Medium 15111012
2006 In mGluR1 KO (crv4) mice, mGluR5 receptor expression is upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in cerebral and cerebellar cortex as a compensatory mechanism; enhanced glutamate release from cortical synaptosomes in crv4 mice is abolished by the mGluR5 inhibitor MPEP; acute MPEP treatment partially improves motor coordination deficits in crv4 mice. Western blot, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, synaptosome glutamate release assay, pharmacological MPEP treatment in KO mice with rotarod testing Cerebral cortex Medium 22791805
2008 mGluR1 (Grm1) stimulation in melanocytes activates MAPK (ERK) and AKT/PKB signaling cascades; Grm1 agonist stimulation increases second messenger accumulation confirming functional receptor expression; inducible Grm1 siRNA suppresses proliferation and tumor growth, demonstrating sustained Grm1 expression is required for maintenance of transformation. Second messenger accumulation assay, Western blot for ERK and AKT, inducible siRNA, in vitro MTT and colony assays, xenograft tumor growth Pigment cell & melanoma research Medium 18435704
2014 GRM1 activation in melanoma promotes proangiogenic signaling via the AKT-mTOR-HIF1 pathway, leading to increased secretion of IL-8 and VEGF; riluzole (GRM1 inhibitor) reduces MAPK and PI3K/AKT activation and decreases tumor vascularity in clinical specimens. In vitro conditioned media VEGF/IL-8 ELISA, in vivo xenograft vessel quantification, Western blot pathway analysis, pre/post-treatment patient tumor biopsy analysis Cancer research Medium 24491800
2012 5-HT2A receptor activation induces PKC-dependent upregulation of mGluR1 in spinal cord postsynaptic densities; 5-HT2A and mGluR1 are colocalized in dorsal horn postsynaptic densities; mGluR1 antagonist (AIDA) blocks 5-HT2AR-induced spinal hyperexcitability, establishing mGluR1 upregulation as a feedforward mechanism downstream of 5-HT2AR in neuropathic pain. Spinal cord electrophysiology in vivo, Western blot of synaptic fractions, immunohistochemistry for colocalization, PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine), selective 5-HT2AR antagonist M100907 treatment in SNL model The Journal of neuroscience Medium 23015446

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 Signal transduction and pharmacological characteristics of a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR1, in transfected CHO cells. Neuron 545 1314623
1993 Differential localization of phosphoinositide-linked metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in rat brain. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 226 8386753
2001 mGluR1-mediated potentiation of NMDA receptors involves a rise in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C. Neuropharmacology 146 11378156
2001 BAY36-7620: a potent non-competitive mGlu1 receptor antagonist with inverse agonist activity. Molecular pharmacology 140 11306677
2004 JNJ16259685, a highly potent, selective and systemically active mGlu1 receptor antagonist. Neuropharmacology 118 15555631
1999 Role of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR1 in brief nociception and central sensitization of primate STT cells. Journal of neurophysiology 108 10400956
2006 mGluR1/5 subtype-specific calcium signalling and induction of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal oriens/alveus interneurones. The Journal of physiology 97 16740609
1999 1-Aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid and (S)-(+)-2-(3'-carboxybicyclo[1.1.1] pentyl)-glycine, two mGlu1 receptor-preferring antagonists, reduce neuronal death in in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischaemia. The European journal of neuroscience 97 10564371
2005 Anxiolytic-like effects of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor antagonists in rats. European journal of pharmacology 96 15878321
2003 Differential roles of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in brief and prolonged nociceptive processing in central amygdala neurons. Journal of neurophysiology 90 13679408
2014 Glutamate receptor antibodies in neurological diseases: anti-AMPA-GluR3 antibodies, anti-NMDA-NR1 antibodies, anti-NMDA-NR2A/B antibodies, anti-mGluR1 antibodies or anti-mGluR5 antibodies are present in subpopulations of patients with either: epilepsy, encephalitis, cerebellar ataxia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, schizophrenia, mania or stroke. These autoimmune anti-glutamate receptor antibodies can bind neurons in few brain regions, activate glutamate receptors, decrease glutamate receptor's expression, impair glutamate-induced signaling and function, activate blood brain barrier endothelial cells, kill neurons, damage the brain, induce behavioral/psychiatric/cognitive abnormalities and ataxia in animal models, and can be removed or silenced in some patients by immunotherapy. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 88 25081016
2006 mGlu1 receptor blockade attenuates cue- and nicotine-induced reinstatement of extinguished nicotine self-administration behavior in rats. Neuropharmacology 79 16963088
2015 'Medusa-head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 1: Anti-mGluR1, anti-Homer-3, anti-Sj/ITPR1 and anti-CARP VIII. Journal of neuroinflammation 77 26377085
2004 Effects of mGlu1 receptor blockade on anxiety-related behaviour in the rat lick suppression test. Psychopharmacology 77 15821950
2017 SIRT1 attenuates neuropathic pain by epigenetic regulation of mGluR1/5 expressions in type 2 diabetic rats. Pain 76 27749604
2003 The distinct role of mGlu1 receptors in post-ischemic neuronal death. Trends in pharmacological sciences 72 12967771
1994 Metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 distribution and ultrastructural localization in hypothalamus. The Journal of comparative neurology 71 7860792
2014 GRM1 is upregulated through gene fusion and promoter swapping in chondromyxoid fibroma. Nature genetics 70 24658000
2008 Oncogenic activities of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (Grm1) in melanocyte transformation. Pigment cell & melanoma research 70 18435704
2014 The synaptic targeting of mGluR1 by its carboxyl-terminal domain is crucial for cerebellar function. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 68 24523559
2013 Type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1) trigger the gating of GluD2 delta glutamate receptors. EMBO reports 67 24357660
2000 Contributions of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors to interactions with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated responses and nociceptive sensory responses of rat thalamic neurons. Neuroscience 66 11008175
2019 Activation of mGluR1 Mediates C1q-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis of Glutamatergic Synapses in Alzheimer's Rodent Models. Molecular neurobiology 62 30652266
2015 The Role of a Novel TRMT1 Gene Mutation and Rare GRM1 Gene Defect in Intellectual Disability in Two Azeri Families. PloS one 61 26308914
1999 Expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mRNA (mGluR1-8) in human cerebellum. Neuroreport 61 10716224
2012 Deleterious GRM1 mutations in schizophrenia. PloS one 60 22448230
2009 Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in human tas1r1, tas1r3, and mGluR1 and individual taste sensitivity to glutamate. The American journal of clinical nutrition 60 19571223
2004 Both mGluR1 and mGluR5 mediate Ca2+ release and inward currents in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neuropharmacology 60 15111012
2013 Pharmacological enhancement of mGlu1 metabotropic glutamate receptors causes a prolonged symptomatic benefit in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Molecular brain 58 24252411
2007 Functional role of mGluR1 and mGluR4 in pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiology of disease 58 17446080
2005 Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and receptor pharmacology of a new series of quinoline derivatives acting as selective, noncompetitive mGlu1 antagonists. Journal of medicinal chemistry 58 15771457
2002 The novel and systemically active metabotropic glutamate 1 (mGlu1) receptor antagonist 3-MATIDA reduces post-ischemic neuronal death. Neuropharmacology 55 12015200
2002 Metabotropic glutamate 1 (mGlu1) receptor antagonists enhance GABAergic neurotransmission: a mechanism for the attenuation of post-ischemic injury and epileptiform activity? Neuropharmacology 55 12213266
2007 Involvement of the mGluR1 receptor in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and associative learning in behaving mice. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 54 18024992
2008 Phosphorylation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) in vitro and in vivo. Neuropharmacology 53 18585398
2010 Metabotropic glutamate mGlu1 receptor stimulation and blockade: therapeutic opportunities in psychiatric illness. European journal of pharmacology 52 20371230
2005 Effects of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor antagonists on negatively reinforced learning. Behavioural pharmacology 52 15767847
2014 mGluR1 within the nucleus accumbens regulates alcohol intake in mice under limited-access conditions. Neuropharmacology 51 24467847
2004 Regulation of main olfactory bulb mitral cell excitability by metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1. Journal of neurophysiology 51 15212418
2012 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (Grm1) is an oncogene in epithelial cells. Oncogene 50 23085756
2012 Glutamate receptor δ2 associates with metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1), protein kinase Cγ, and canonical transient receptor potential 3 and regulates mGluR1-mediated synaptic transmission in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 49 23115168
2011 mGluR1/TRPC3-mediated Synaptic Transmission and Calcium Signaling in Mammalian Central Neurons. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 49 21441586
2017 Dominant Mutations in GRM1 Cause Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 44. American journal of human genetics 48 28886343
2018 Hippocampal mGluR1-dependent long-term potentiation requires NAADP-mediated acidic store Ca2+ signaling. Science signaling 45 30482851
2014 Chemical modulation of mutant mGlu1 receptors derived from deleterious GRM1 mutations found in schizophrenics. ACS chemical biology 45 25137254
2009 Persistent transcription- and translation-dependent long-term potentiation induced by mGluR1 in hippocampal interneurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 44 19403827
2008 Presynaptic mGlu1 and mGlu5 autoreceptors facilitate glutamate exocytosis from mouse cortical nerve endings. Neuropharmacology 44 18625255
2014 Activation of the glutamate receptor GRM1 enhances angiogenic signaling to drive melanoma progression. Cancer research 43 24491800
2007 Effects of mGlu1 receptor blockade on working memory, time estimation, and impulsivity in rats. Psychopharmacology 43 17909752
2006 Blockade of mGluR1 receptor results in analgesia and disruption of motor and cognitive performances: effects of A-841720, a novel non-competitive mGluR1 receptor antagonist. British journal of pharmacology 42 17016515
2006 Analgesic effects of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor antagonists in the rat formalin test. Neuropharmacology 41 16793067
2020 Arc silence aggravates traumatic neuronal injury via mGluR1-mediated ER stress and necroptosis. Cell death & disease 40 31919348
2014 Neuregulin 1 signalling modulates mGluR1 function in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Molecular psychiatry 40 25266126
2009 AKT2 is a downstream target of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (Grm1). Pigment cell & melanoma research 40 19843246
2019 Concurrent Targeting of Glutaminolysis and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 (GRM1) Reduces Glutamate Bioavailability in GRM1+ Melanoma. Cancer research 39 30987979
2017 Lateral Thalamic Eminence: A Novel Origin for mGluR1/Lot Cells. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 39 27178193
2008 Effects of mGlu1-receptor blockade on ethanol self-administration in inbred alcohol-preferring rats. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) 39 18164577
2008 Switch in the expression of mGlu1 and mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the cerebellum of mice developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in autoptic cerebellar samples from patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 39 18619983
2018 Activation of the mGlu1 metabotropic glutamate receptor has antipsychotic-like effects and is required for efficacy of M4 muscarinic receptor allosteric modulators. Molecular psychiatry 38 30116027
2013 Metabotropic glutamate receptor I (mGluR1) antagonism impairs cocaine-induced conditioned place preference via inhibition of protein synthesis. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 37 23348064
2006 crv4, a mouse model for human ataxia associated with kyphoscoliosis caused by an mRNA splicing mutation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (Grm1). International journal of molecular medicine 37 16964410
2012 Time-dependent cross talk between spinal serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and mGluR1 subserves spinal hyperexcitability and neuropathic pain after nerve injury. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 36 23015446
2016 Presynaptic Release-Regulating mGlu1 Receptors in Central Nervous System. Frontiers in pharmacology 35 27630571
2014 Tg(Grm1) transgenic mice: a murine model that mimics spontaneous uveal melanoma in humans? Experimental eye research 35 25051141
2008 mGluR1 antagonist decreases tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor and attenuates infarct size after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of neurochemistry 35 18248625
2017 Ablation of TFR1 in Purkinje Cells Inhibits mGlu1 Trafficking and Impairs Motor Coordination, But Not Autistic-Like Behaviors. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 34 29054881
2007 Differential role of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors in rat hippocampal slice models of ischemic tolerance. The European journal of neuroscience 34 17610579
2007 Long-term depression of mGluR1 signaling. Neuron 34 17640528
2001 Differentially altered mGluR1 and mGluR5 mRNA expression in rat caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens in the development and expression of behavioral sensitization to repeated amphetamine administration. Synapse (New York, N.Y.) 34 11418936
2021 mGluR1 signaling in cerebellar Purkinje cells: Subcellular organization and involvement in cerebellar function and disease. Neuropharmacology 33 34089728
2017 Simultaneous inhibition of NMDA and mGlu1/5 receptors by levo-corydalmine in rat spinal cord attenuates bone cancer pain. International journal of cancer 33 28500623
2012 Functional effects of GRM1 suppression in human melanoma cells. Molecular cancer research : MCR 33 22798429
2005 Anticonvulsant effects of LY456236, a selective mGlu1 receptor antagonist. Neuropharmacology 33 16011839
1999 Biochemical and electrophysiological studies on (S)-(+)-2-(3'-carboxybicyclo(1.1.1)pentyl)-glycine (CBPG), a novel mGlu5 receptor agonist endowed with mGlu1 receptor antagonist activity. Neuropharmacology 32 10428410
2011 A truncated retrotransposon disrupts the GRM1 coding sequence in Coton de Tulear dogs with Bandera's neonatal ataxia. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 31 21281350
2011 Recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu₁). ACS chemical neuroscience 31 22860168
2004 Allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors: lessons learnt from mGlu1, mGlu2 and mGlu5 potentiators and antagonists. Biochemical Society transactions 31 15494040
2024 Astrocyte-induced mGluR1 activates human lung cancer brain metastasis via glutamate-dependent stabilization of EGFR. Developmental cell 30 38309264
2013 Stimulation of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2 receptor and blockade of mGlu1 receptor improve social memory impairment elicited by MK-801 in rats. Journal of pharmacological sciences 30 23603933
1996 Chronic ethanol on mRNA levels of IP3R1, IP3 3-kinase and mGluR1 in mouse Purkinje neurons. Neuroreport 30 8930970
2013 Somatic mutations in GRM1 in cancer alter metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 intracellular localization and signaling. Molecular pharmacology 28 23303475
2016 mGlu1 receptor canonical signaling pathway contributes to the opening of the orphan GluD2 receptor. Neuropharmacology 27 27276689
2015 Anti-absence activity of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor enhancers and their interaction with a GABA reuptake inhibitor: Effect of local infusions in the somatosensory cortex and thalamus. Epilepsia 27 26040777
2014 In vivo imaging of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) with positron emission tomography: recent advance and perspective. Current medicinal chemistry 26 23992339
2014 Head-to head comparison of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor activation in chronic treatment of absence epilepsy in WAG/Rij rats. Neuropharmacology 25 24859611
2007 Neuroprotection by cell permeable TAT-mGluR1 peptide in ischemia: synergy between carrier and cargo sequences. The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry 25 18000067
2019 Loss of CYLD accelerates melanoma development and progression in the Tg(Grm1) melanoma mouse model. Oncogenesis 24 31591386
2014 Disruption of GRM1-mediated signalling using riluzole results in DNA damage in melanoma cells. Pigment cell & melanoma research 24 24330389
2005 Altered expression of G(q/11alpha) protein shapes mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor-mediated single cell inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and Ca(2+) signaling. Molecular pharmacology 24 16234485
1997 The rat mGlu1d receptor splice variant shares functional properties with the other short isoforms of mGlu1 receptor. European journal of pharmacology 24 9371547
2023 A 211At-labelled mGluR1 inhibitor induces cancer senescence to elicit long-lasting anti-tumor efficacy. Cell reports. Medicine 23 37003259
2019 The receptor-receptor interaction between mGluR1 receptor and NMDA receptor: a potential therapeutic target for protection against ischemic stroke. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 23 31670972
2007 Nuclear localization of functional metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu1 in HEK293 cells and cortical neurons: role in nuclear calcium mobilization and development. Journal of neurochemistry 23 17250682
2006 mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor antagonists lack anticonvulsant efficacy in rodent models of difficult-to-treat partial epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 23 16563443
2005 Grm5 expression is not required for the oncogenic role of Grm1 in melanocytes. Neuropharmacology 23 16040064
2022 GRM1 Immunohistochemistry Distinguishes Chondromyxoid Fibroma From its Histologic Mimics. The American journal of surgical pathology 22 35650682
2021 circ‑Grm1 promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via suppression of GRM1 expression by FUS. International journal of molecular medicine 22 34528696
2017 Exosomes released by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) expressing melanoma cells increase cell migration and invasiveness. Oncotarget 22 29416686
2012 Compensatory molecular and functional mechanisms in nervous system of the Grm1(crv4) mouse lacking the mGlu1 receptor: a model for motor coordination deficits. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 22 22791805
1995 Expression of mGluR1 alpha mRNA receptor in rat and guinea pig cochlear neurons. Neuroreport 21 8742449

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