Affinage

HMGB3

High mobility group protein B3 · UniProt O15347

Length
200 aa
Mass
23.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
94 papers in source corpus 35 papers cited in narrative 35 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/7 claims corpus-supported (86%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HMGB3 is an embryonically-enriched, X-linked HMG-box chromatin protein that binds DNA in a sequence-independent but structure-selective manner, favoring regions of reduced thermodynamic stability and (A+T)-rich tracts (PMID:3003066, PMID:9598312). In hematopoiesis it restrains lineage commitment: enforced expression blocks B-cell and myeloid differentiation, while its loss reduces lymphoid and myeloid progenitor output and derepresses canonical Wnt signaling through elevated Dvl1, marking HMGB3 as a negative regulator of Wnt-driven HSC self-renewal versus differentiation (PMID:12714519, PMID:15358624, PMID:16945912). At chromatin and DNA-damage sites HMGB3 binds minor-groove alkyl-guanine lesions stereospecifically and promotes their repair, and it participates in interstrand-crosslink and double-strand-break processing without contributing to nucleotide excision repair (PMID:39101269, PMID:41009989); it directly interacts with PARP1, sustaining PARylation and preventing PARP1 trapping at lesions (PMID:35332131). HMGB3 also acts as a transcriptional co-activator, partnering with SOX9 via its HMG Box A domain to transactivate NANOG and binding the hTERT promoter to drive telomerase expression and radioresistance (PMID:36541373, PMID:33187536). Beyond the nucleus it functions as an RNA-binding protein that engages a structured element of HIV-1 tat mRNA to repress Tat translation (PMID:34194479), and its own mRNA is stabilized by ELAVL1/HuR and by lncRNA PITPNA-AS1/TAF15 (PMID:39390359, PMID:32871048). In cancers HMGB3 is broadly overexpressed and promotes proliferation, invasion, stemness, and metabolic reprogramming through Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt axes and by recruiting SSBP1 to remodel mitochondrial metabolism (PMID:28678825, PMID:37328851, PMID:41194553), and it drives immune escape and anti-PD-1 resistance by suppressing the IFN-γ/STAT1 axis while activating STAT3 (PMID:33727043, PMID:39660968). Its abundance is governed post-transcriptionally by numerous 3'UTR-targeting miRNAs and post-translationally by SYT7/BRCA1-modulated ubiquitination (PMID:24098490, PMID:35073278).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1986 Medium

    Established the biochemical nature of HMGB3 DNA binding, defining it as a structure-selective rather than sequence-specific reader of the genome.

    Evidence Nitrocellulose filter binding assays with immunopurified protein and synthetic polynucleotides

    PMID:3003066

    Open questions at the time
    • No structural model of the protein-DNA complex
    • Binding tested in vitro only, not on chromatin in cells
  2. 1998 Medium

    Defined HMGB3 molecularly as an HMG1/2-family nuclear protein with embryo-restricted expression and an Xq28 location, setting its developmental context.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, Northern blot, and chromosomal mapping

    PMID:9598312

    Open questions at the time
    • Expression pattern not linked to a function
    • Adult tissue roles undefined
  3. 2006 High

    Resolved HMGB3's role in hematopoiesis, showing it balances stem-cell self-renewal against differentiation by restraining canonical Wnt signaling.

    Evidence Retroviral overexpression, knockout mice, BrdU/flow cytometry, Wnt pathway analysis, and 5-FU recovery assays

    PMID:12714519 PMID:15358624 PMID:16945912

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism linking HMGB3 to Dvl1 levels unresolved
    • Direct chromatin targets in HSCs not identified
  4. 2018 Medium

    Extended HMGB3 transcriptional control to other differentiation programs, placing it upstream of pleiotrophin in uterine decidualization.

    Evidence siRNA/overexpression rescue experiments in mouse uterine stromal cells

    PMID:30081728

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HMGB3 binds the Ptn locus directly is untested
    • Generalizability beyond uterine stroma unknown
  5. 2019 High

    Defined direct transcriptional targets, showing HMGB3 binds the hTERT promoter to drive telomerase and radioresistance.

    Evidence Streptavidin pulldown + LC/MS, luciferase reporter, γH2AX foci, and hTERT rescue in xenografts

    PMID:33187536

    Open questions at the time
    • Co-factors at the hTERT promoter not defined
    • Relationship to its structure-selective binding unclear
  6. 2021 Medium

    Revealed an RNA-binding function, identifying HMGB3 as a repressor of HIV-1 Tat translation via a structured tat mRNA element.

    Evidence AP-MS, RNA footprinting, luciferase reporters, and HIV reporter-virus infection with knockdown/overexpression

    PMID:34194479

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular mRNA targets of this RNA-binding activity not catalogued
    • Domain mediating RNA binding not mapped
  7. 2022 High

    Connected HMGB3 to the PARP1-dependent DNA damage response, showing it sustains PARylation and prevents PARP1 trapping.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, olaparib sensitivity assays, and xenografts

    PMID:35332131

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HMGB3 is a PARylation substrate or regulator is not distinguished
    • Recruitment kinetics to lesions undefined
  8. 2022 Medium

    Defined a transcriptional co-activator partnership, mapping the SOX9-HMGB3 interface to HMG Box A in NANOG activation.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP, domain-mapping, and luciferase reporter assays

    PMID:36541373

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the SOX9-HMGB3 interface not solved
    • Genome-wide co-occupancy not mapped
  9. 2024 High

    Established a direct DNA-repair function with chemical precision, showing HMGB3 binds and promotes stereospecific repair of minor-groove alkylguanine lesions.

    Evidence Photo-cross-linking quantitative MS, in vitro binding, and repair assays in HMGB3-knockout cells

    PMID:39101269

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream repair factors recruited by HMGB3 not identified
    • Structural basis of stereoselectivity unresolved
  10. 2024 Medium

    Expanded HMGB3 into extracellular and signaling roles, showing secreted/translocated HMGB3 engages TLR3, TREM1, and STAT/MAPK/NF-κB cascades and drives immune escape and inflammation.

    Evidence Co-IP, luciferase reporters, exosome transfer assays, IFN-γ/anti-PD-1 mouse models, and pathway Western blots

    PMID:33727043 PMID:38197217 PMID:38454505 PMID:39390359 PMID:39660968

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor-binding determinants of extracellular HMGB3 not mapped
    • How a nuclear HMG protein reaches the cell surface mechanistically unclear
  11. 2025 High

    Delineated HMGB3's lesion-specific repair pathway membership and a mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming function via SSBP1.

    Evidence Knockout cell repair assays (ICL/DSB/NER discrimination), Co-IP/MS, and in vivo metastasis models

    PMID:41009989 PMID:41194553

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link between SSBP1 nuclear translocation and mitochondrial remodeling incompletely defined
    • How HMGB3 selects ICL/DSB over NER pathways unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How HMGB3's distinct activities — structure-selective DNA binding, lesion repair, transcriptional co-activation, and RNA binding — are coordinated by a single protein, and what governs its subcellular partitioning between nucleus, cytoplasm, and extracellular space, remains unresolved.
  • No unifying structural or domain-level model connecting DNA-, RNA-, and protein-binding activities
  • Triggers and machinery for nuclear-to-extracellular relocalization unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003677 DNA binding 3 GO:0140097 catalytic activity, acting on DNA 2 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 2
Partners
ELAVL1HIF1APARP1SOX9SSBP1TAF15TLR3TREM1

Evidence

Reading pass · 35 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1986 HMG-2a (HMGB3) protein binds preferentially to DNA regions of reduced thermodynamic stability, showing highest affinity for (dI)·(dC) and (A+T)-rich polynucleotides and (A+T)-rich restriction fragments from multiple genomes, establishing sequence-independent but structure-selective DNA binding at physiological ionic strength. Nitrocellulose filter binding assay with immunopurified protein and synthetic polynucleotides/restriction fragments The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 3003066
1998 HMG4 (HMGB3) encodes a 200-amino-acid nuclear protein of the HMG1/2 family, highly expressed in the embryo and barely detectable in adult tissues; the human gene maps to chromosome Xq28. cDNA cloning, sequencing, Northern blot expression analysis, chromosomal mapping Genomics Medium 9598312
2003 Enforced retroviral expression of Hmgb3 in mouse bone marrow stem cells inhibits B-cell and myeloid differentiation, establishing a functional role for Hmgb3 in suppressing lineage commitment from hematopoietic progenitors. Retroviral overexpression in mouse bone marrow cells; GFP knock-in reporter to identify Hmgb3-expressing cells; long-term repopulation assays Blood High 12714519
2004 Hmgb3-deficient (Hmgb3−/Y) mice have normal HSC numbers but produce fewer CLPs and CMPs; Hmgb3−/Y HSCs show increased Gata-2 and c-myb mRNA levels and enhanced BrdU incorporation, indicating Hmgb3 is required for proper HSC expansion into lymphoid and myeloid progenitors. Knockout mouse generation; flow cytometry; BrdU incorporation; qRT-PCR Blood High 15358624
2006 Hmgb3-deficient HSCs exhibit constitutive activation of canonical Wnt signaling with increased Dvl1 expression, and show faster HSC recovery after 5-fluorouracil treatment; this positions Hmgb3 as a negative regulator of Wnt-driven HSC self-renewal. Knockout mouse; Wnt pathway gene expression analysis; 5-FU stress recovery assays; flow cytometry Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 16945912
2012 miR-206 directly binds a functional site in the 3'UTR of Hmgb3 mRNA and represses its expression during skeletal muscle regeneration; Hmgb3 mRNA and protein decrease concurrently with miR-206 upregulation in regenerating muscle fibers. 3'UTR luciferase reporter assay; qRT-PCR and Western blot in single regenerating muscle fibers from dystrophic and acutely damaged mouse models PloS one Medium 22912879
2013 miR-205 directly binds two sites in the 3'UTR of HMGB3 and represses its expression; knockdown of HMGB3 by siRNA reduces proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells, phenocopying miR-205 overexpression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay; Western blotting; WST-1 proliferation assay; in vitro invasion assay; siRNA knockdown PloS one Medium 24098490
2016 HMGB3 knockdown by siRNA in gastric cancer cells inhibits proliferation, induces G0/G1 arrest partly via p53/p21 upregulation, decreases Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduces migration/invasion by downregulating MMP2 and MMP9; HMGB3 knockdown also sensitizes cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel. siRNA knockdown; MTT assay; flow cytometry; wound scratch and transwell assays; Western blot Medical science monitor Medium 27774979
2016 miR-27b directly regulates HMGB3 expression by binding its 3'UTR; re-expression of miR-27b in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells reduces HMGB3 protein, sensitizes cells to tamoxifen, and inhibits invasion and EMT-like properties; silencing HMGB3 alone partially phenocopies these effects. Dual luciferase assay; Western blot; MSP assay; qRT-PCR; functional cell assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 27363334
2017 HMGB3 promotes proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer by activating the WNT/β-catenin pathway, increasing downstream c-Myc and MMP7 expression. siRNA knockdown; overexpression; in vitro proliferation and migration assays; Western blot for β-catenin, c-Myc, MMP7 PloS one Medium 28678825
2017 miR-205-5p directly regulates HMGB3 in prostate cancer cells as confirmed by luciferase reporter assay; knockdown of HMGB3 by siRNA reduces prostate cancer cell aggressiveness. Luciferase reporter assay; siRNA knockdown; functional cell assays Journal of human genetics Medium 29196733
2018 Hmgb3 promotes uterine stromal cell differentiation (decidualization) by upregulating pleiotrophin (Ptn); silencing Ptn blocks Hmgb3-induced Prl8a2 expression while Ptn overexpression rescues Hmgb3 siRNA-mediated repression of Prl8a2. In situ hybridization; siRNA knockdown; overexpression; qRT-PCR; rescue experiments in mouse uterine stromal cells Reproductive sciences Medium 30081728
2018 miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p directly bind the 3'UTR of HMGB3 and inhibit its expression in glioblastoma cells; HMGB3 knockdown reduces MAPK phosphorylation (ERK1/2, p38, JNK), implicating HMGB3 as an activator of the MAPK signaling pathway. Luciferase reporter assay; qRT-PCR; Western blot; siRNA knockdown; MTT and sphere assays; wound healing and transwell assays Cell biochemistry and function Medium 30232806
2019 HMGB3 interacts with HIF1α; HMGB3 silencing reduces HIF1α-driven mammosphere formation, cancer stem cell markers (Nanog, SOX2, OCT-4), and CD44+/CD24− levels in breast cancer cells, as validated by dual luciferase assay. Dual luciferase assay; CCK-8 assay; mammosphere assay; flow cytometry; xenograft mouse model; qRT-PCR and Western blot Cancer management and research Medium 31213919
2019 miR-532-5p directly targets the 3'UTR of HMGB3 and negatively regulates its expression; HMGB3 mediates Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, and restoration of HMGB3 partially reverses the anti-tumor effects of miR-532-5p overexpression in bladder cancer cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay; Western blot; functional cell assays; rescue experiments Chemico-biological interactions Medium 30639441
2019 HMGB3 directly binds the hTERT promoter region (−902 to −321) and transcriptionally upregulates hTERT, thereby promoting radioresistance; HMGB3 knockdown inhibits DNA damage repair and increases γH2AX foci, while HMGB3 knockdown-mediated radiosensitization is reversed by hTERT overexpression. Streptavidin-agarose pulldown; LC/MS; luciferase reporter assay; γH2AX foci analysis; rescue assays; xenograft mouse model Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research High 33187536
2020 HMGB3 promotes NSCLC proliferation and invasion by activating the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway; HMGB3 overexpression increases p-ERK1/2 levels and its effects are reversed by the ERK/MAPK inhibitor PD98059. Luciferase reporter assay; Western blot for ERK/MAPK phosphorylation; ERK inhibitor rescue; in vitro proliferation/invasion assays International journal of general medicine Medium 33328759
2020 LncRNA PITPNA-AS1 stabilizes HMGB3 mRNA by recruiting RNA-binding protein TAF15 in the cytosol of LUSC cells; PITPNA-AS1 depletion reduces HMGB3 mRNA stability and suppresses LUSC cell proliferation and migration. RNA immunoprecipitation; mRNA stability assay; subcellular fractionation; rescue experiments; functional cell assays Cancer medicine Medium 32871048
2020 HMGB3 silencing inhibits NSCLC cell growth and invasion partly by inhibiting β-catenin, MMP7, and c-Myc expression in the Wnt pathway. siRNA knockdown; in vitro growth and invasion assays; Western blot for Wnt pathway proteins; xenograft model Biological chemistry Medium 32386184
2021 HMGB3 functions as an RNA-binding protein that binds to the TIM-TAM sequence-structure in HIV-1 tat mRNA; HMGB3 knockdown increases Tat transactivation and translation as well as productive HIV-1 infection, whereas overexpression has the opposite effect. Affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry; luciferase-based reporter assays; RNA footprinting; dual-color HIV reporter virus infection; knockdown and overexpression Frontiers in genetics Medium 34194479
2021 HMGB3-containing nuclear exosomes (nEXOs) derived from micronuclei of NPC cells are ingested by HUVECs and accelerate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish xenograft model; HMGB3 secretion is associated with micronuclei formation. Western blot; flow cytometry; HUVEC tube formation assay; zebrafish angiogenesis xenograft model; nEXO isolation and characterization Cell death & disease Medium 34050127
2021 HMGB3 inhibition by miR-142-3p or shRNA induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via increased ROS accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), disruption of autophagy (altered LC3, cleaved PARP, Bcl-xL), and reduced phospho-mTOR and STAT3. 3'UTR luciferase reporter assay; ROS detection (DHE dye); MitoTracker for MMP; Western blot for autophagy and apoptosis markers; zebrafish xenograft for in vivo metastasis Life sciences Medium 35753437
2022 HMGB3 directly interacts with PARP1; this interaction is enhanced under DNA damage conditions and blocked by olaparib. HMGB3 loss causes PARP1 trapping at DNA lesions and inhibits PARylation activity of PARP1, resulting in increased DNA damage response and apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation; Western blot; functional assays in olaparib-resistant/sensitive cells; xenograft mouse model Cell death & disease High 35332131
2022 SOX9 activates NANOG gene transcription by binding a conserved cis-regulatory element (−573 to −568) in the NANOG promoter; HMGB3 acts as a co-activator partner of SOX9 for this transactivation, interacting with SOX9 predominantly via the HMG Box A domain of HMGB3. Reporter gene transcription assays; protein-binding assays (Co-IP); ChIP for SOX9 binding sites; siRNA/overexpression of SOX9 and HMGB3 The Prostate Medium 36541373
2022 SYT7 interacts with BRCA1 to inhibit HMGB3 ubiquitination, thereby stabilizing HMGB3 protein levels in thyroid cancer cells; HMGB3 knockdown reverses the pro-tumorigenic effects of SYT7 overexpression. Co-IP assay; GeneChip transcriptomics; UbiBrowser database prediction; functional cell assays; rescue experiments Endocrine-related cancer Medium 35073278
2022 HDAC3 promotes HMGB3 expression in breast cancer by epigenetically repressing miR-130a-3p, which directly targets HMGB3; this axis facilitates immune escape by suppressing CD8+/CD69+/PD-1+ T cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells. qRT-PCR; Western blot; correlation analysis; functional cell viability, migration, EMT, and apoptosis assays; CD8+ T cell co-culture cytotoxicity assay The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology Medium 33727043
2023 HMGB3 promotes ovarian cancer stemness, proliferation, and metastasis through activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, as established by RNA-seq identifying HMGB3-regulated pathways and Western blot confirmation; these effects were also verified in a xenograft model. RNA sequencing; Western blot for MAPK/ERK pathway proteins; MTT, clonogenic, EdU, and Transwell assays; xenograft mouse model Cell communication and signaling Medium 37328851
2024 HMGB3 directly binds N2-nBu-dG-containing duplex DNA (minor-groove alkylguanine lesion) in vitro and promotes repair of this lesion in human cells; HMGB3 shows stereospecific binding, favoring trans-N2-BPDE-dG over cis-N2-BPDE-dG; genetic ablation of HMGB3 reduces repair of trans-N2-BPDE-dG but not cis-N2-BPDE-dG. Photo-cross-linking coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics; in vitro direct DNA-binding assay; HMGB3 knockout cell lines; DNA repair assays; cell viability assay with BPDE treatment Journal of the American Chemical Society High 39101269
2024 Exosomal HMGB3 from silica-exposed macrophages activates STAT3/MAPK(ERK1/2 and p38)/NF-κB signaling pathways in recipient monocytes/macrophages and promotes their migration via CCR2, driving M1 macrophage polarization and pulmonary inflammation. Immunofluorescence; flow cytometry; transwell migration assay; RT-PCR; ELISA; Western blot for pathway activation Particle and fibre toxicology Medium 38454505
2024 Cytoplasmic HMGB3 (following hypoxia-induced translocation from nucleus) activates TLR3/NF-κB signaling; extracellular HMGB3 interacts with transmembrane TREM1 receptor in papillary thyroid cancer cells, promoting cancer progression. Immunofluorescence for subcellular localization; co-immunoprecipitation; dual-luciferase reporter assay; Western blot; flow cytometry; IPA pathway analysis Cell cycle Medium 38197217
2024 ELAVL1 (HuR) directly interacts with HMGB3 mRNA and increases its stability; HMGB3 overexpression activates β-catenin signaling and promotes glycolysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells; β-catenin inhibitor FH535 suppresses HMGB3-driven glycolysis. RNA pulldown assay; RIP assay; TOPFlash/FOPFlash reporter assay; ECAR measurement; glucose/lactate assay kits; Western blot; xenograft model Molecular medicine Medium 39390359
2024 HMGB3 contributes to anti-PD-1 resistance in TNBC by inhibiting IFN-γ-driven ferroptosis; HMGB3 overexpression inhibits STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF1 expression upon IFN-γ treatment while activating STAT3, and increases ferroptosis-inhibitory proteins SLC7A11, GPX4, and SLC3A2. siRNA knockdown; lentiviral overexpression; Western blot for STAT1/STAT3/IRF1/ferroptosis proteins; co-IP for STAT1-STAT3 interaction; in vivo anti-PD-1 treatment mouse models; immunohistochemistry Molecular carcinogenesis Medium 39660968
2025 HMGB3 is involved in processing DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells; unlike HMGB1, HMGB3 does not play a role in nucleotide excision repair (NER). HMGB3 knockout human cell lines; UV damage/NER assay; mutagenesis assays; metaphase spreads; DNA repair foci formation assays; TagSeq analysis Genes High 41009989
2025 HMGB3 recruits SSBP1 and induces its nuclear translocation, reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism; this elevates cytoplasmic ROS and activates PI3K/Akt signaling by downregulating PTEN, promoting LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and brain metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry; Western blot; gain/loss-of-function; in vivo brain metastasis mouse model; scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq; immunohistochemistry Cancer communications Medium 41194553
2025 TGIF2 transcriptionally upregulates HMGB3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; HMGB3 activates TGF-β signaling by interacting with and regulating TLR3, promoting ESCC proliferation and metastasis. Luciferase reporter assay; chromatin immunoprecipitation; co-immunoprecipitation; RNA sequencing; Western blot; in vitro and in vivo functional assays Genes & diseases Medium 41716633

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 94 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2013 Tumor suppressive function of mir-205 in breast cancer is linked to HMGB3 regulation. PloS one 95 24098490
2003 Hmgb3: an HMG-box family member expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells that inhibits myeloid and B-cell differentiation. Blood 95 12714519
2006 Hmgb3 regulates the balance between hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93 16945912
1998 Hmg4, a new member of the Hmg1/2 gene family. Genomics 88 9598312
2017 HMGB3 promotes growth and migration in colorectal cancer by regulating WNT/β-catenin pathway. PloS one 78 28678825
2018 HMGB3 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of glioblastoma and is negatively regulated by miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p. Cell biochemistry and function 61 30232806
2017 Regulation of HMGB3 by antitumor miR-205-5p inhibits cancer cell aggressiveness and is involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Journal of human genetics 58 29196733
2016 MiR-27b is epigenetically downregulated in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells due to promoter methylation and regulates tamoxifen sensitivity by targeting HMGB3. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 57 27363334
2004 Hmgb3 deficiency deregulates proliferation and differentiation of common lymphoid and myeloid progenitors. Blood 55 15358624
2019 HMGB3 silence inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth by interacting with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Cancer management and research 53 31213919
2019 Downregulation of microRNA-532-5p promotes the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells through promotion of HMGB3/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Chemico-biological interactions 51 30639441
2019 Long non-coding RNA HOTTIP promotes hypoxia-induced glycolysis through targeting miR-615-3p/HMGB3 axis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. European journal of pharmacology 50 31422060
2021 The role of high mobility group protein B3 (HMGB3) in tumor proliferation and drug resistance. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 47 33428061
2021 Nuclear exosome HMGB3 secreted by nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells promotes tumour metastasis by inducing angiogenesis. Cell death & disease 45 34050127
2020 CircMMP1 promotes the progression of glioma through miR-433/HMGB3 axis in vitro and in vivo. IUBMB life 45 32918539
2020 LncRNA SNHG5 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by regulating miR-1179/HMGB3 axis. BMC cancer 44 32131767
2020 LncRNA PITPNA-AS1 boosts the proliferation and migration of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by recruiting TAF15 to stabilize HMGB3 mRNA. Cancer medicine 42 32871048
2020 Targeting HMGB3/hTERT axis for radioresistance in cervical cancer. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 42 33187536
2016 Knockdown of High Mobility Group-Box 3 (HMGB3) Expression Inhibits Proliferation, Reduces Migration, and Affects Chemosensitivity in Gastric Cancer Cells. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 41 27774979
2022 HMGB3 promotes PARP inhibitor resistance through interacting with PARP1 in ovarian cancer. Cell death & disease 40 35332131
2019 Effects of microRNA-513b on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration by targeting HMGB3 through regulation of mTOR signaling pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer. Journal of cellular physiology 40 30623409
2020 Long Noncoding RNA SOX2-OT Knockdown Inhibits Proliferation and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Cells Through Modulating the miR-452-5p/HMGB3 Axis and Inactivating Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals 38 32407168
1986 The binding of the chromosomal protein HMG-2a to DNA regions of reduced stabilities. The Journal of biological chemistry 38 3003066
2012 Hmgb3 is regulated by microRNA-206 during muscle regeneration. PloS one 37 22912879
2021 Down-regulation of SNHG16 alleviates the acute lung injury in sepsis rats through miR-128-3p/HMGB3 axis. BMC pulmonary medicine 35 34092219
2019 MicroRNA-758 inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting HMGB3 through the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncology letters 30 31423246
2013 HMGB3 characterization in gastric cancer. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 30 24338397
2023 HMGB3 promotes the malignant phenotypes and stemness of epithelial ovarian cancer through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 28 37328851
2021 Exosomal-mediated transfer of OIP5-AS1 enhanced cell chemoresistance to trastuzumab in breast cancer via up-regulating HMGB3 by sponging miR-381-3p. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 28 33821219
2018 Upregulation of miR-200b Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Migration by Targeting HMGB3 Protein. Technology in cancer research & treatment 27 30343649
2021 LINC00319 promotes cancer stem cell-like properties in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via E2F1-mediated upregulation of HMGB3. Experimental & molecular medicine 24 34408262
2020 CircRNA_102179 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating miR-330-5p/HMGB3 axis. Pathology, research and practice 24 32911346
2019 Circ-0001801 contributes to cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioblastoma by regulating miR-628-5p/HMGB3 axis. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 23 31858556
2022 CAFs-derived small extracellular vesicles circN4BP2L2 promotes proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer via miR-664b-3p/HMGB3 pathway. Cancer biology & therapy 22 35722996
2024 Macrophage-derived exosomal HMGB3 regulates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation by promoting M1 macrophage polarization and recruitment. Particle and fibre toxicology 21 38454505
2020 High-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) silencing inhibits non-small cell lung cancer development through regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biological chemistry 21 32386184
2012 Multiple promoters and targeted microRNAs direct the expressions of HMGB3 gene transcripts in dairy cattle. Animal genetics 20 23206268
2020 CircEPSTI1 Promotes the Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through miR-145/HMGB3 Axis. Cancer management and research 19 32801908
2018 Down-regulated expressed protein HMGB3 inhibits proliferation and migration, promotes apoptosis in the placentas of fetal growth restriction. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 18 30543931
2014 Identification of an HMGB3 frameshift mutation in a family with an X-linked colobomatous microphthalmia syndrome using whole-genome and X-exome sequencing. JAMA ophthalmology 18 24993872
2022 HMGB3 inhibition by miR-142-3p/sh-RNA modulates autophagy and induces apoptosis via ROS accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces the tumorigenic potential of human breast cancer cells. Life sciences 17 35753437
2021 LINC00857 promotes colorectal cancer progression by sponging miR-150-5p and upregulating HMGB3 (high mobility group box 3) expression. Bioengineered 17 34753396
2021 miR-142-3p simultaneously targets HMGA1, HMGA2, HMGB1, and HMGB3 and inhibits tumorigenic properties and in-vivo metastatic potential of human cervical cancer cells. Life sciences 17 34973275
2021 HDAC3 increases HMGB3 expression to facilitate the immune escape of breast cancer cells via down-regulating microRNA-130a-3p. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 16 33727043
2021 Circ_CLIP2 promotes glioma progression through targeting the miR-195-5p/HMGB3 axis. Journal of neuro-oncology 16 34357490
2021 Hsa_circ_0060937 accelerates non-small cell lung cancer progression via modulating miR-195-5p/HMGB3 pathway. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 16 34470585
2017 HMGB3 modulates ROS production via activating TLR cascade in Apostichopus japonicus. Developmental and comparative immunology 16 28774490
1997 Isolation of human and mouse HMG2a cDNAs: evidence for an HMG2a-specific 3' untranslated region. Gene 16 9370291
2021 Circular RNA circFOXO3 facilitate non-small cell lung cancer progression through upregulating HMGB3 via sponging miR-545-3p/miR-506-3p. Tissue & cell 15 35038619
2020 Circular RNA 0001313 Knockdown Suppresses Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion via the microRNA-452/HMGB3/ERK/MAPK Axis. International journal of general medicine 15 33328759
2018 Abnormal expression of HMGB-3 is significantly associated with malignant transformation of hepatocytes. World journal of gastroenterology 14 30166860
2022 SYT7 plays a role in promoting thyroid cancer by mediating HMGB3 ubiquitination. Endocrine-related cancer 12 35073278
2022 MicroRNA-18 facilitates the stemness of gastric cancer by downregulating HMGB3 though targeting Meis2. Bioengineered 12 35416122
2022 Circ-IGF1R Affects the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Activating the miR-362-5p/HMGB3-Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway. Biochemical genetics 12 36542208
2021 MiR-93/HMGB3 regulatory axis exerts tumor suppressive effects in colorectal carcinoma cells. Experimental and molecular pathology 12 33773992
2021 The RNA-Binding Proteins SRP14 and HMGB3 Control HIV-1 Tat mRNA Processing and Translation During HIV-1 Latency. Frontiers in genetics 12 34194479
2019 HMGB3 small interfere RNA suppresses mammosphere formation of MDA-MB-231 cells by down-regulating expression of HIF1α. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 12 31773719
2024 Structure and Functions of HMGB3 Protein. International journal of molecular sciences 10 39062899
2024 HMGB3 Contributes to Anti-PD-1 Resistance by Inhibiting IFN-γ-Driven Ferroptosis in TNBC. Molecular carcinogenesis 10 39660968
2022 HMGB3 is a Potential Therapeutic Target by Affecting the Migration and Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 10 35712661
2022 SOX9 and HMGB3 co-operatively transactivate NANOG and promote prostate cancer progression. The Prostate 10 36541373
2023 CircSLCO3A1 depletion ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis of human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells through the miR-424-5p/HMGB3 pathway. Molecular & cellular toxicology 9 37359246
2022 Interfering HMGB3 release from cancer-associated fibroblasts by miR-200b represses chemoresistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells. Journal of gastrointestinal oncology 9 36388689
2021 LINC00504 Promotes the Malignant Biological Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells by Upregulating HMGB3 via Decoying MicroRNA-876-3p. Cancer management and research 9 33654429
2024 HMGB3 and SUB1 Bind to and Facilitate the Repair of N2-Alkylguanine Lesions in DNA. Journal of the American Chemical Society 8 39101269
2023 Circ_LDLR promotes the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by regulating miR-1294/HMGB3 axis. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 8 37565296
2022 Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) represses the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by the circ_0020123/miR-1299/HMGB3 pathway. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 8 36586093
2021 LncRNA NOP14-AS1 Promotes Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Targeting MicroRNA-665/HMGB3 Axis. Cancer management and research 8 33814931
2023 Involvement of HIF1α/Reg protein in the regulation of HMGB3 in myocardial infarction. Vascular pharmacology 7 37467910
2018 Hmgb3 Induces the Differentiation of Uterine Stromal Cells Through Targeting Ptn. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 7 30081728
2024 Exosomal HMGB3 released by glioma cells confers the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in tumor-associated macrophages. Tissue & cell 6 38761792
2023 CircRUNX1 drives the malignant phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma through mediating the miR-5195-3p/HMGB3 network. General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 6 37474742
2023 Value of negatively correlated miR-205-5p/HMGB3 and miR-96-5p/FOXO1 on the diagnosis of breast cancer and benign breast diseases. Cancer pathogenesis and therapy 6 38327836
2022 Glaucocalyxin A Inhibits the Malignant Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Affecting the MicroRNA-374b-5p/HMGB3/Wnt-β-Catenin Pathway Axis. Frontiers in oncology 6 35912216
2022 A novel lnc-LAMC2-1:1 SNP promotes colon adenocarcinoma progression by targeting miR-216a-3p/HMGB3. Heliyon 6 36582685
2024 Translocated HMGB3 is involved in papillary thyroid cancer progression by activating cytoplasmic TLR3 and transmembrane TREM1. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 5 38197217
2024 ELAVL1 regulates glycolysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the HMGB3/β-catenin axis. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 5 39390359
2022 HMGB3 Targeted by miR-145-5p Impacts Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine 5 36404911
2025 Hsa_circ_0004662 Accelerates the Progression of Ulcerative Colitis via the microRNA-532/HMGB3 Signalling Axis. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 3 40099942
2023 The expression of high mobility group protein 3 (HMGB3) in breast cancer with emphasis on its role in lymphovascular invasion. American journal of cancer research 3 38058796
2025 Overview of high mobility group box 3 (HMGB3] protein. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 1 40498374
2025 High-Mobility Group Box Protein 3 (HMGB3) Facilitates DNA Interstrand Crosslink Processing and Double-Strand Break Repair in Human Cells. Genes 1 41009989
2025 HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism. Cancer communications (London, England) 1 41194553
2024 EZH2 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration via Mir-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 Axis : Running Title: EZH2 Promotes Glioma cell Malignant Behaviors. Molecular neurobiology 1 38556567
2022 Designing a humanized immunotoxin based on DELTA-stichotoxin-Hmg2a toxin: an in silico study. Journal of molecular modeling 1 36400988
2026 HMGB3: A pivotal orchestrator of therapy resistance and cancer stemness in human malignancies (Review). Oncology reports 0 41930588
2026 Integrative bioinformatics and molecular simulations identify HMGB3 as a key immune modulator in triple negative breast cancer. Discover oncology 0 42056342
2026 Placenta-Specific miRNA miR-515-3p Suppresses HMGB3 Expression in the Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi 0 42091506
2026 Targeting inhibition of HMGB3 protein transposition in cardiac mitochondria to improve myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Journal of translational medicine 0 42163347
2025 Circ_PSD3 Stimulates Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via the Regulation of miR-145-5p/miR-338-3p/HMGB3 Axis. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 0 40696971
2025 TGIF2-mediated HMGB3 overexpression promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and metastasis through TLR3/TGF-β signaling. Genes & diseases 0 41716633
2024 Expression of Survivin, CK7, ASH1, HMGB3, L587S, and CLCA2 in Peripheral Blood of Lung Cancer Patients by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Cureus 0 39130876
2023 CIRCULAR RNA CIRC_0099188 CONTRIBUTES TO LPS-INDUCED HPAEpiC CELL INJURY BY TARGETING THE MIR-1236-3P/HMGB3 AXIS. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 0 36802224
2022 LncRNA NOP14-AS1 Promotes Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Targeting MicroRNA-665/HMGB3 Axis [Retraction]. Cancer management and research 0 36148317

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