Affinage

SOX9

Transcription factor SOX-9 · UniProt P48436

Length
509 aa
Mass
56.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 35 papers cited in narrative 34 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SOX9 is an HMG-box transcription factor and master developmental regulator that recognizes a defined DNA consensus (AGAACAATGG), achieving specificity through signature amino acids that read flanking nucleotides not used by SRY (PMID:9973626), and directly transactivates lineage-defining target genes such as the chondrocyte-specific COL2A1 enhancer (PMID:9264261, PMID:9569122). It functions as a pioneer factor that binds and opens closed chromatin de novo, depositing active histone modifications to establish new enhancer landscapes—driving endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition guided by SOX dimer motifs and H2A.Z (PMID:35904801) and specifying hair follicle stem cell fate while simultaneously stealing co-factors from and silencing the resident epidermal program (PMID:37488435). SOX9 cooperates with the coactivator p300 to acetylate histones at its target enhancers (PMID:16109717) and couples transcription to RNA processing, both through the paraspeckle protein p54nrb (PMID:18677406) and by directly binding RNA and the exon junction complex component Y14 to control alternative splicing independently of its transcriptional role (PMID:29901772). Through this activity SOX9 governs chondrogenesis, testis determination via diversion of an intrinsically ovarian program toward Sertoli cell differentiation (PMID:16467253), neural stem cell formation and maintenance (PMID:20871603), and the suppression of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation by restraining osteogenic and TGFβ/BMP programs in cartilage (PMID:31121357, PMID:33597301); it also acts as a master regulator of cardiac fibrosis (PMID:31310588) and drives oncogenic programs by directly activating WNT receptors and TCF4 (PMID:27043282), ERBB-pathway genes (PMID:25336113), and mTOR (PMID:29550418). SOX9 abundance is tightly set by post-translational control: GSK3 phosphorylation of a T236 degron triggers SCF-FBW7-mediated degradation (PMID:27625374), E6-AP/UBE3A ubiquitinates SOX9 via its HMG domain to promote proteasomal turnover (PMID:24155239), PRMT5 dimethylation stabilizes the protein (PMID:30858101), and AMPK signaling protects SOX9 from ubiquitination (PMID:40425566), while its transcription is induced by STAT3 (PMID:28166224), EGR1 (PMID:35910788), and lipid-scarcity-activated FOXO factors (PMID:32103177), and its translation is selectively controlled by mTORC1/4E-BPs acting on a 5'TOP motif (PMID:30008325) and by m5C/m6A modification of the Sox9 transcript (PMID:35614315). Dominant-negative truncating SOX9 mutations that spare the DNA-binding and dimerization domains cause campomelic dysplasia by reducing COL2A1 transactivation (PMID:31389106).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 34 steps
  1. 1997 High

    Establishing that SOX9 is a direct, sufficient driver of the chondrocyte program rather than a correlate of cartilage, linking the factor to a specific lineage-defining target.

    Evidence In situ hybridization, transgenic mouse overexpression, and Col2a1 enhancer reporter assays

    PMID:9264261 PMID:9569122

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the DNA sequence recognized
    • Did not address cofactor requirements for enhancer activation
  2. 1999 High

    Defining the SOX9 DNA-binding consensus and the basis for its specificity, explaining how SOX9 selects targets distinctly from related HMG factors like SRY.

    Evidence SELEX random oligonucleotide selection, EMSA, and competition/dissociation studies

    PMID:9973626

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish genome-wide occupancy
    • Did not address dimeric vs monomeric binding modes
  3. 2005 High

    Connecting SOX9 transactivation to chromatin modification, showing it recruits p300 and that histone acetylation at target enhancers gates cartilage gene output.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro chromatin transcription assays, ChIP, and TSA treatment in chondrocytes

    PMID:16109717

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not map the SOX9 domain mediating p300 contact
    • Did not determine whether p300 recruitment generalizes beyond cartilage targets
  4. 2005 Medium

    Identifying upstream cytoskeletal/mechanical control of SOX9, showing RhoA/ROCK signaling and actin organization repress Sox9 promoter activity.

    Evidence ROCK inhibition (Y27632), RhoA overexpression, promoter reporters, and cytoskeletal drugs in ATDC5 cells

    PMID:15665004

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcription factors transmitting RhoA signal to the Sox9 promoter not identified
    • Single-lab pharmacological evidence
  5. 2005 High

    Defining SOX9 as the determinant of testis fate, showing it diverts an intrinsically ovarian organogenesis program toward Sertoli cell differentiation.

    Evidence Conditional Sox9 knockout and in vitro urogenital ridge culture with marker analysis

    PMID:16467253

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct testis-specific SOX9 target genes not enumerated here
    • Upstream activation by SRY not mechanistically dissected in this work
  6. 2008 High

    Linking SOX9-driven transcription to RNA maturation, identifying paraspeckle protein p54nrb as a coactivator bridging transcription and Col2a1 mRNA processing.

    Evidence cDNA screen, reciprocal co-IP, paraspeckle co-localization, knockdown, dominant-negative, and transgenic mouse

    PMID:18677406

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which p54nrb couples to splicing machinery not fully resolved
    • Generality across SOX9 targets untested
  7. 2009 High

    Showing SOX9 can repress alternative lineage programs, directly binding C/EBPβ/δ promoters to block adipogenesis downstream of Pref-1.

    Evidence ChIP, reporter assays, gain/loss-of-function, and Pref-1 null/transgenic mice

    PMID:19254573

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether repression uses the same coactivator machinery as activation unknown
    • Direct biochemical SOX9 occupancy at endogenous loci limited to ChIP
  8. 2010 High

    Extending SOX9 master-regulator function to the nervous system, establishing it as essential for multipotent neural stem cell formation and maintenance downstream of Sonic Hedgehog.

    Evidence Gain/loss-of-function mouse genetics, in vivo fate mapping, conditional knockout

    PMID:20871603

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct NSC target genes of SOX9 not defined
    • Mechanism of Shh-to-Sox9 induction not detailed
  9. 2013 High

    Identifying the first dedicated SOX9 E3 ligase, E6-AP/UBE3A, which binds the HMG domain to drive proteasomal turnover and inversely tracks SOX9 in hypertrophic chondrocytes.

    Evidence Proteomics, co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination, siRNA, proteasome inhibition, and E6-AP knockout mice

    PMID:24155239

    Open questions at the time
    • Lysine residues ubiquitinated not mapped
    • Relationship to phospho-degron control not addressed
  10. 2014 Medium

    Linking SOX9 to oncogenic ERBB signaling, showing it stimulates ERBB-pathway genes and is required for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma initiation.

    Evidence ChIP-seq/transcriptome profiling and Sox9 conditional knockout mouse models

    PMID:25336113

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect regulation of individual ERBB genes not fully separated
    • Single-lab in vivo evidence
  11. 2016 High

    Defining the phospho-degron mechanism controlling SOX9 stability: GSK3 phosphorylation of T236 creates an SCF-FBW7 recognition site linking PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to SOX9 turnover.

    Evidence Degron mutagenesis, co-IP, ubiquitination and GSK3 phosphorylation assays, and pharmacology in medulloblastoma

    PMID:27625374

    Open questions at the time
    • Crosstalk with E6-AP-mediated degradation unresolved
    • In vivo physiological contexts of T236 control limited
  12. 2016 High

    Defining SOX9 as a genome-wide driver of WNT/β-catenin signaling, directly occupying FZD/LRP receptor and TCF4 loci in prostate cancer.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, transcriptome profiling, xenografts, and WNT synthesis inhibition (LGK974)

    PMID:27043282

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue specificity of the WNT regulon not generalized
    • Cofactors directing SOX9 to these loci unknown
  13. 2016 Medium

    Showing SOX9 can act indirectly through partner transcription factors, controlling CEACAM1 via physical interaction with Sp1 and regulation of ETS1, affecting melanoma immune evasion.

    Evidence Promoter mutagenesis, SOX9-Sp1 co-IP, siRNA, truncation reporters, and T-cell killing assays

    PMID:26885752

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct SOX9-Sp1 interaction interface unmapped
    • Single-lab indirect mechanism
  14. 2017 Medium

    Placing STAT3 upstream of SOX9 in skeletal development, showing STAT3 directly activates the Sox9 promoter and its loss phenocopies campomelic dysplasia.

    Evidence Conditional Stat3 knockout, ChIP at Sox9 promoter, in situ hybridization, immunostaining

    PMID:28166224

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether STAT3 acts cell-autonomously on Sox9 in all tissues unclear
    • Single-lab study
  15. 2018 High

    Revealing a transcription-independent SOX9 function in alternative splicing, mediated by RNA binding and association with the exon junction complex component Y14.

    Evidence RNA-seq, RNA-IP, co-IP with RNA-binding proteins, Y14 depletion, and SOX9 mutant uncoupling

    PMID:29901772

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA motifs bound by SOX9 not defined
    • Physiological splicing targets and tissue contexts unestablished
  16. 2018 High

    Establishing translational control of SOX9, showing mTORC1 selectively promotes Sox9 mRNA translation via 4E-BP inhibition acting on a 5'TOP motif, essential for skeletogenesis.

    Evidence Raptor conditional knockout, translation assays, 4E-BP knockdown, and Sox9 transgene rescue in limb buds

    PMID:30008325

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration of 5'TOP function awaits reporter dissection here
    • Other mTORC1-dependent translational targets in cartilage not separated
  17. 2018 Medium

    Adding upstream PTM control via SHP2, which regulates SOX9 phosphorylation and SUMOylation through PKA to restrain cartilage formation.

    Evidence Conditional Ptpn11 knockout, expression arrays, and phosphorylation/SUMOylation assays

    PMID:29644115

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect SHP2 effect on SOX9 unresolved
    • SUMOylation sites not mapped
  18. 2018 Medium

    Connecting SOX9 to mTOR transcriptional output, showing SOX9 directly occupies the mTOR promoter to sustain basal cell carcinoma proliferation.

    Evidence SOX9-responsive element search, ChIP at mTOR promoter, shRNA, reporter assays, and BCC mouse model

    PMID:29550418

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab evidence
    • Feedback between mTORC1-driven SOX9 translation and SOX9-driven mTOR transcription not tested
  19. 2019 High

    Identifying SOX9 as a master regulator of cardiac fibrosis, where fibroblast-specific deletion limits ECM, proteolysis, and inflammation programs after infarction.

    Evidence Fibroblast-specific conditional knockout, infarct RNA-seq, and fibroblast proliferation/migration/contraction assays

    PMID:31310588

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct fibrotic target genes not enumerated
    • Upstream activators in cardiac fibroblasts not defined
  20. 2019 High

    Defining the physiological requirement for SOX9 downregulation in chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation, with persistent Sox9 blocking osteoblast gene activation.

    Evidence Transgenic persistent Sox9 expression and lineage tracing

    PMID:31121357

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of physiological Sox9 downregulation in hypertrophy not resolved
    • Direct repression vs competition not separated
  21. 2019 Medium

    Establishing the dominant-negative disease mechanism: distal truncating SOX9 mutations sparing DNA-binding/dimerization domains reduce COL2A1 transactivation, causing severe campomelic dysplasia.

    Evidence Mutation analysis and transactivation reporter assays in patient-derived chondrocytes

    PMID:31389106

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative interference with wild-type SOX9 not fully measured
    • Genotype-phenotype across mutation classes incomplete
  22. 2019 Medium

    Defining PRMT5 as a stabilizing PTM enzyme, dimethylating SOX9 to extend half-life and maintain chondrocyte ECM homeostasis.

    Evidence Co-IP, cycloheximide chase, siRNA, and PRMT inhibition in chondrocytes

    PMID:30858101

    Open questions at the time
    • Methylated residues not mapped
    • Interplay with ubiquitin-mediated turnover untested
  23. 2019 High

    Demonstrating SOX9 pioneer activity in EndMT, opening mesenchymal enhancers de novo with persistent fate change despite transient, dimer-motif- and H2A.Z-guided binding.

    Evidence ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, HUVEC overexpression, and single-cell chromatin accessibility

    PMID:35904801

    Open questions at the time
    • How transient binding produces persistent chromatin change unresolved
    • Role of histone phosphorylation only inferred
  24. 2020 High

    Integrating metabolism with SOX9 control, showing lipid scarcity activates FOXO to bind the Sox9 promoter and SOX9 in turn suppresses fatty acid oxidation to adapt chondroprogenitors to avascular environments.

    Evidence FOXO ChIP at Sox9 promoter, conditional knockouts, lipid restriction, and metabolic assays

    PMID:32103177

    Open questions at the time
    • SOX9 targets mediating FAO suppression not identified here
    • FOXO-SOX9 axis generality across tissues untested
  25. 2020 Medium

    Showing SOX9 drives metastatic gene programs downstream of EGF by directly activating TSPAN8 to reduce cell-matrix adhesion in pancreatic cancer.

    Evidence ChIP at TSPAN8, siRNA/overexpression, invasion assays, and EGFR inhibition

    PMID:34163029

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab evidence
    • Link from EGF signaling to SOX9 activity not mechanistically detailed
  26. 2020 Medium

    Identifying MYEOV as a nuclear cofactor that enhances SOX9 DNA-binding to the HES1 enhancer, boosting transcriptional output in pancreatic cancer.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP at HES1 enhancer, reporter assays, and knockdown

    PMID:32879444

    Open questions at the time
    • MYEOV-SOX9 interface not mapped
    • Generality beyond HES1 unknown
  27. 2021 High

    Defining a postnatal protective role for SOX9 against growth-plate closure and osteoarthritic deterioration, controlling TGFβ/BMP activity during chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transition.

    Evidence Conditional knockout mice with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq pathway analysis

    PMID:33597301

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct SOX9 targets within TGFβ/BMP pathway not pinpointed
    • Mechanism preventing terminal dedifferentiation incomplete
  28. 2021 High

    Placing SOX9 as the determinant of the second step of YAP-driven hepatocyte reprogramming, required for LPC-to-BEC differentiation and shaping HCC vs iCCA tumor identity.

    Evidence Inducible hepatocyte-specific Sox9 knockout with YAP activation, lineage tracing, and transcriptomics

    PMID:34793870

    Open questions at the time
    • SOX9 targets enforcing biliary fate not enumerated
    • Mechanism of YAP-to-Sox9 induction not detailed
  29. 2021 Low

    Adding a tumor-context stabilization route, showing TGF-β signaling prevents proteasomal degradation of SOX9 to promote glioma migration and invasion.

    Evidence Western blot stability assays with proteasome inhibitors, TGF-β manipulation, xenografts, and invasion assays

    PMID:33613515

    Open questions at the time
    • Abstract-level mechanistic detail only; degradation machinery not identified
    • No mapping to known degron or ligase
  30. 2022 High

    Defining mRNA-methylation control of SOX9, showing Nsun4 (m5C) and Mettl3 (m6A) form a complex recruiting Ythdf2/eEF1α-1 to reprogram Sox9 translation during chondrogenesis.

    Evidence Ribosome sequencing, m5C/m6A assays, co-IP, and surface plasmon resonance

    PMID:35614315

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise modified residues in the 3'UTR not fully resolved
    • Generality beyond BMSC chondrogenesis untested
  31. 2022 Medium

    Adding EGR1 as a direct upstream activator of Sox9 in renal tubular regeneration, driving SOX9+ cell proliferation via Wnt/β-catenin after acute kidney injury.

    Evidence ChIP, dual-luciferase reporter, Egr1 knockout AKI mouse models, and RNA-seq

    PMID:35910788

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab evidence
    • Direct vs indirect Wnt activation by SOX9 in kidney not separated
  32. 2023 High

    Resolving SOX9 pioneer-factor logic in fate switching: re-activated SOX9 opens hair follicle enhancers de novo while sequestering cofactors from epidermal enhancers to silence the resident program, later activating oncogenic regulators.

    Evidence Inducible mouse genetics, epigenomic profiling, and proteomic cofactor-recruitment analysis

    PMID:37488435

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of competed cofactors only partly defined
    • Trigger converting fate switch to oncogenic program unclear
  33. 2024 Medium

    Connecting metabolic AMPK signaling to SOX9 stability in osteoarthritis, where elevated fatty acid oxidation lowers AMPK, impairs SOX9 phosphorylation, and promotes its ubiquitin-mediated degradation.

    Evidence AMPK activity, phosphorylation and ubiquitination assays, FAO inhibition, and a cartilage-targeted OA mouse model

    PMID:40425566

    Open questions at the time
    • AMPK target residue on SOX9 not mapped
    • Relationship to FBW7/E6-AP ligases unresolved
  34. 2024 Medium

    Establishing SOX9 mechanosensitivity in vascular smooth muscle, where stiff matrix and senescence drive SOX9 nuclear translocation and SOX9 regulates ECM stiffness via LH3-loaded extracellular vesicles in a feedback loop.

    Evidence Adenoviral gain/loss-of-function, atomic force microscopy, proteomics, and target identification of LH3

    PMID:38179698

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanotransduction route to SOX9 nuclear import not defined
    • Single-lab evidence

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how SOX9's many upstream PTM and translational inputs are integrated to set context-specific output, and how its transcriptional pioneer activity is coordinated with its transcription-independent RNA/splicing function within the same cell.
  • No unified model reconciling competing E3 ligases (FBW7, E6-AP) with stabilizing methylation and AMPK input
  • RNA-binding specificity and the splicing regulon largely uncharacterized
  • Cofactor codes directing SOX9 to tissue-specific enhancers incompletely defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 9 GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0003723 RNA binding 1 GO:0042393 histone binding 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 6 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3 R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 2
Partners
EP300FBXW7MYEOVNONOPRMT5SP1UBE3AY14

Evidence

Reading pass · 34 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 SOX9 binds a specific DNA consensus sequence; optimal binding site determined as AGAACAATGG, with the core element AACAAT flanked by 5' AG and 3' GG nucleotides. The flanking nucleotides enhance binding by SOX9's HMG domain but not by SRY's HMG domain, indicating SOX9 achieves DNA-binding specificity through signature amino acids determining flanking nucleotide preferences. Random oligonucleotide selection assay, mobility shift assays, DNA competition and dissociation studies Nucleic acids research High 9973626
1997 Sox9 expression precedes and co-localizes with Col2a1 (type II collagen) expression in all chondroprogenitor cells during mouse embryonic development; the chondrocyte-specific enhancer of Col2a1 is a direct transcriptional target of SOX9, and ectopic Sox9 expression in transgenic mouse embryos is sufficient to activate the endogenous Col2a1 gene. In situ hybridization, transgenic mouse overexpression, enhancer reporter assays Developmental dynamics High 9264261 9569122
2005 SOX9 associates with the coactivator p300; p300 potentiates Sox9-dependent transcription on chromatinized DNA templates in vitro, associated with histone hyperacetylation. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A stimulates Sox9-regulated cartilage matrix gene expression and induces histone acetylation around the Col2a1 enhancer in chondrocytes. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro chromatin transcription assay, ChIP assay, reporter assay with chromatin templates The Journal of biological chemistry High 16109717
2008 Paraspeckle protein p54nrb physically interacts with SOX9 and enhances Sox9-dependent transcriptional activation of Col2a1 promoter. p54nrb co-localizes with Sox9 in nuclear paraspeckle bodies. Knockdown of p54nrb suppresses Sox9-dependent Col2a1 expression; a p54nrb mutant lacking RNA recognition motifs inhibits Col2a1 mRNA maturation and chondrocyte differentiation in vivo, establishing p54nrb as a link between Sox9-mediated transcription and RNA processing. cDNA library screen, co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization (immunofluorescence), siRNA knockdown, dominant-negative overexpression, transgenic mouse model The Journal of clinical investigation High 18677406
2005 RhoA/ROCK signaling suppresses chondrogenesis by repressing Sox9 promoter activity; pharmacological inhibition of ROCK (Y27632) increases Sox9 expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, while RhoA overexpression has the opposite effect. Cytoskeletal organization (cortical actin) regulated by RhoA/ROCK controls Sox9 expression; inhibition of actin polymerization or microtubule dynamics also modulate Sox9 mRNA levels. Pharmacological inhibition (Y27632), overexpression of RhoA in ATDC5 cells, Sox9 promoter reporter assay, cytoskeletal drug treatment (cytochalasin D, jasplakinolide, colchicine) The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 15665004
2009 Pref-1 (an EGF repeat-containing transmembrane protein) inhibits adipocyte differentiation by upregulating Sox9 expression. Sox9 directly binds to the promoter regions of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ to suppress their promoter activity, thereby blocking adipogenesis. Pref-1 also promotes chondrogenic induction via Sox9 induction while preventing chondrocyte maturation and osteoblast differentiation, supported by Pref-1 null and transgenic mouse evidence. Promoter binding assays (ChIP), reporter assays, loss-of-function and gain-of-function in cell culture, Pref-1 null and transgenic mouse analysis Cell metabolism High 19254573
2013 E6-AP/UBE3A is a ubiquitin ligase that binds SOX9 through its HMG domain and ubiquitinates SOX9 in vitro and in vivo, targeting it for proteasomal degradation. E6-AP levels are high in hypertrophic chondrocytes where SOX9 is low; siRNA knockdown of E6-AP or Ubc9 increases cellular SOX9. E6-AP-deficient mice show SOX9 accumulation in chondrocytes. Proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, proteasome inhibitor treatment (bortezomib), E6-AP knockout mouse analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 24155239
2016 FBW7 (a SCF-type ubiquitin ligase) recognizes a conserved degron surrounding threonine 236 (T236) in SOX9 that is phosphorylated by GSK3 kinase, leading to SCFFBW7α-mediated SOX9 degradation. Failure to degrade SOX9 promotes migration, metastasis, and treatment resistance in medulloblastoma. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition destabilizes SOX9 in a GSK3/FBW7-dependent manner. Identification of degron by mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, GSK3 phosphorylation assay, pharmacological inhibition, transcriptional profiling The EMBO journal High 27625374
2016 SOX9 directly regulates multiple WNT pathway genes including WNT receptors (FZD and LRP family members) and the downstream β-catenin effector TCF4 in prostate cancer cells, as determined by ChIP-seq and transcriptome profiling. SOX9 expression drives WNT/β-catenin signaling, and WNT synthesis inhibition reduces tumor growth in SOX9-expressing PCa xenografts. ChIP sequencing, transcriptome profiling, xenograft mouse model, WNT pathway inhibition (LGK974) The Journal of clinical investigation High 27043282
2018 SOX9 has distinct roles in alternative splicing and transcription: SOX9 knockdown alters splicing of hundreds of genes without affecting their expression, and SOX9 binds RNA and associates with RNA-binding proteins including the exon junction complex component Y14. Half of SOX9 splicing targets are also modulated by Y14 and are no longer regulated by SOX9 upon Y14 depletion. Specific SOX9 mutants uncouple its splicing function from transcriptional activity. RNA-seq, RNA immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation with RNA-binding proteins, SOX9 domain mutant analysis, Y14 depletion Nucleic acids research High 29901772
2019 SOX9 acts as a pioneer transcription factor in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT): SOX9 expression alone opens key mesenchymal enhancers de novo (de novo chromatin accessibility), deposits active histone modifications, and drives endothelial cells toward a mesenchymal fate. SOX9 binding is guided by SOX dimer motifs and H2A.Z enrichment, and is highly transient and dynamic (possibly promoted by histone phosphorylation), yet chromatin and fate changes induced by SOX9 are persistent. ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, HUVEC overexpression, single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis Nucleic acids research High 35904801
2023 SOX9 acts as a pioneer transcription factor in hair follicle stem cell fate specification: when re-activated in adult epidermal stem cells, SOX9 binds and opens key hair follicle enhancers de novo while simultaneously recruiting co-factors away from epidermal enhancers, silencing the epidermal program. Sustained SOX9 subsequently activates oncogenic transcriptional regulators associated with constitutive SOX9 cancers. Inducible mouse genetic model, epigenomic profiling (chromatin opening), proteomic analysis of co-factor recruitment, transcriptional dynamics analysis Nature cell biology High 37488435
2010 SOX9 is required for neural stem cell (NSC) formation and maintenance in the CNS. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show SOX9 is essential for multipotent NSC formation; Sonic Hedgehog stimulates precocious NSC generation by inducing Sox9 expression. Loss of SOX9 in the adult subependymal zone leads ependymal cells to adopt a neuroblast identity. Gain- and loss-of-function mouse genetics, in vivo fate mapping, conditional knockout Nature neuroscience High 20871603
2005 Sox9 is essential for testis determination: in vitro culture of XY Sox9-/- urogenital ridges results in gonads lacking testicular cords and Sertoli cell markers, but with expression of ovarian-specific markers, demonstrating Sox9 diverts an intrinsically ovarian organogenesis program toward testis formation. Conditional knockout (Cre-loxP), in vitro urogenital ridge culture, marker expression analysis Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences High 16467253
2019 Physiological downregulation of Sox9 in hypertrophic chondrocytes enables upregulation of osteoblast-associated genes (Mmp13, Cola1, Ibsp) and subsequent transdifferentiation into osteoblasts. Transgenic persistent Sox9 expression in chondrocytic lineage blocks this osteoblast gene upregulation and markedly reduces chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation, as shown by lineage tracing. Transgenic mouse model (persistent Sox9 expression), lineage tracing, gene expression analysis Bone High 31121357
2021 SOX9 is required postnatally to prevent growth-plate closure and preosteoarthritic articular cartilage deterioration. SOX9 deficiency prompts growth-plate chondrocytes to reach a terminal/dedifferentiated stage with upregulation of osteogenic genes (Runx2, Sp7, Postn) and overt osteoblastogenesis. SOX9 controls TGFβ and BMP signaling activities during this chondrocyte-to-osteoblast cell lineage transition. Conditional knockout mice, high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq, ATAC-seq), pathway analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 33597301
2020 Lipid scarcity activates FOXO transcription factors, which bind to the Sox9 promoter and increase Sox9 expression in skeletal progenitors, promoting chondrogenic over osteogenic differentiation. SOX9, in addition to initiating chondrogenesis, suppresses fatty acid oxidation, adapting cells to an avascular environment. FOXO binding to the Sox9 promoter was directly demonstrated. ChIP (FOXO at Sox9 promoter), conditional knockout models, lipid restriction experiments, metabolic assays Nature High 32103177
2019 SOX9 fibroblast-specific deletion ameliorates myocardial infarction-induced cardiac fibrosis, left ventricular dysfunction, and persistent leukocyte infiltration. In isolated cardiac fibroblasts, Sox9 deletion reduces fibroblast proliferation, migration, and contraction capacity, with strongly downregulated extracellular matrix, proteolysis, and inflammation gene expression, establishing SOX9 as a master regulator of cardiac fibrosis. Fibroblast-specific conditional knockout, RNA-sequencing of infarct scar, in vitro fibroblast assays (proliferation, migration, contraction) JCI insight High 31310588
2017 STAT3 directly activates Sox9 expression by binding to its proximal promoter. Conditional mesoderm-specific deletion of Stat3 causes global embryonic downregulation of Sox9 and produces dwarfism and skeletal defects characteristic of campomelic dysplasia. Conditional knockout (TCre, Sox9Cre), promoter binding assay (ChIP ex vivo), in situ hybridization, immunostaining PLoS genetics Medium 28166224
2018 SHP2 (encoded by Ptpn11) regulates SOX9 through phosphorylation and SUMOylation, mediated at least in part via the PKA signaling pathway. SHP2-deficient OCPs exhibit increased SOX9 expression and target gene expression (Acan, Col2a1, Col10a1), resulting in increased cartilage mass and deficient ossification. Conditional knockout (Cre-loxP), gene expression arrays, qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunostaining, mechanistic signaling studies (phosphorylation/SUMOylation assays) Bone research Medium 29644115
2019 PRMT5 (a selenium-sensitive methyltransferase) improves SOX9 protein stability by dimethylating SOX9, thereby extending its half-life and maintaining extracellular matrix (collagen II, MMP-3) homeostasis in chondrocytes. PRMT5 physically interacts with SOX9 as shown by co-immunoprecipitation. Co-immunoprecipitation, cycloheximide chase (protein half-life), siRNA knockdown, PRMT inhibitor treatment, immunoblotting Osteoarthritis and cartilage Medium 30858101
2018 SOX9 occupies the mTOR promoter via SOX9-responsive elements and directly induces mTOR transcriptional activity in basal cell carcinoma cells. SOX9 knockdown reduces mTOR expression and phosphorylation of downstream mTOR targets, diminishing BCC cell proliferation. SOX9-responsive element motif search, ChIP (SOX9 at mTOR promoter), shRNA knockdown, reporter assay, mouse BCC model The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 29550418
2018 mTORC1 selectively controls translation of Sox9 mRNA via inhibition of 4E-BPs; Sox9 mRNA harbors a 5' terminal oligopyrimidine tract motif. Inactivation of Raptor (mTORC1 component) in limb buds results in loss of cartilage and bone, rescued by Sox9 transgene introduction or 4E-BP1/2 knockdown. Conditional knockout (Raptor), ribosome profiling/translation assays, 4E-BP knockdown, Sox9 transgene rescue Stem cell reports High 30008325
2022 Nsun4-mediated m5C and Mettl3-mediated m6A modifications in the 3'UTR of Sox9 mRNA co-regulate Sox9 translation during BMSC chondrogenic differentiation. Nsun4 and Mettl3 form a complex that recruits Ythdf2 and eEF1α-1, promoting translational reprogramming of Sox9. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed complex assembly. Ribosome sequencing, m5C and m6A methylation assays, co-immunoprecipitation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), overexpression in vivo Communications biology High 35614315
2021 In glioma cells, TGF-β signaling prevents proteasomal degradation of Sox9 protein, stabilizing it. Sox9 promotes migration and invasion of glioma cells and in vivo tumor development. Western blot (protein stability with proteasome inhibitors), TGF-β pathway manipulation, xenograft tumor model, migration/invasion assays Frontiers in immunology Low 33613515
2016 SOX9 indirectly regulates CEACAM1 expression in melanoma cells: SOX9 does not bind CEACAM1 promoter directly but controls a proximal 200bp region through Sp1 and ETS1 transcription factors. SOX9 physically interacts with Sp1 (by co-immunoprecipitation) and silencing of SOX9 downregulates ETS1 (but not Sp1). SOX9 knockdown upregulates CEACAM1 and renders melanoma cells more resistant to T-cell-mediated killing. SOX9 site-directed mutagenesis (promoter), co-immunoprecipitation (SOX9-Sp1), siRNA knockdown, promoter truncation reporter assays, T-cell killing assay Oncotarget Medium 26885752
2014 SOX9 stimulates expression of multiple members of the ERBB pathway (including ERBB2) in pancreatic cancer. In mouse models, Sox9 is required for ERBB signaling activity and for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma initiation. ChIP-seq/transcriptome profiling, Sox9 conditional knockout mouse model, ERBB pathway expression correlation in human PDAC Gut Medium 25336113
2021 In hepatocytes, YAP activation induces Sox9 expression, and Sox9 is required for the second step of YAP-induced hepatocyte cell-fate reprogramming: BEC (biliary epithelial cell) differentiation from liver progenitor cells (LPCs). Sox9 is dispensable for initial hepatocyte dedifferentiation to LPCs but required for LPC-to-BEC differentiation. YAP activation in Sox9-deficient hepatocytes produces more aggressive HCC at the expense of iCCA. Inducible hepatocyte-specific Sox9 knockout combined with YAP activation, lineage tracing, immunohistochemistry, transcriptomic analysis Journal of hepatology High 34793870
2020 SOX9 transcriptionally activates TSPAN8 expression in response to EGF stimulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, mediating metastasis. SOX9 modulation is sufficient to positively regulate endogenous TSPAN8 expression, with concomitant loss of cell-matrix adherence and increased invasion in vitro. ChIP (SOX9 at TSPAN8 locus), siRNA/overexpression, invasion/migration assays, EGFR inhibitor treatment Oncogene Medium 34163029
2020 MYEOV interacts with SOX9 in the nucleus of pancreatic cancer cells, increasing SOX9 transcriptional activity and enhancing SOX9 DNA-binding ability to the HES1 enhancer, thereby promoting HES1 expression. HES1 knockdown partly abrogates the oncogenic effects of MYEOV. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP (SOX9 at HES1 enhancer), reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, overexpression Oncogene Medium 32879444
2022 EGR1 directly binds the Sox9 promoter (demonstrated by ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assay) and upregulates Sox9 expression in renal tubular cells after acute kidney injury, promoting SOX9+ cell proliferation via Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. ChIP assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, Egr1 knockout mouse models (IRI and FA AKI models), RNA sequencing Theranostics Medium 35910788
2019 Dominant-negative SOX9 mutations in campomelic dysplasia: distal truncating SOX9 mutations that leave the dimerization and DNA-binding domains intact produce truncated SOX9 protein that decreases transactivation of COL2A1 (a major transcriptional target), consistent with a dominant-negative mechanism. This represents a more severe phenotype than haploinsufficiency. Mutation analysis, transactivation reporter assays in cultured chondrocytes from patient samples Human mutation Medium 31389106
2024 In chondrocytes, elevated fatty acid oxidation (FAO) reduces AMPK activity, thereby impairing SOX9 phosphorylation and promoting SOX9 ubiquitination-mediated degradation, driving osteoarthritis progression. Cartilage-targeted FAO inhibition (trimetazidine) restores SOX9 and demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in mice. AMPK activity assays, phosphorylation and ubiquitination assays, FAO inhibition experiments, mouse OA model with cartilage-targeted drug delivery Nature communications Medium 40425566
2024 Sox9 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) shows mechanosensitive responses with increased expression and nuclear translocation in senescent cells and on stiff matrices. Sox9 regulates ECM stiffness and collagen composition, and promotes extracellular vesicle secretion containing LH3 (procollagen-lysine dioxygenase 3), identified as a Sox9 target that regulates ECM stiffness. A positive feedback cycle is established between cellular senescence, ECM stiffening, and Sox9 expression. Adenoviral overexpression/depletion, atomic force microscopy (ECM stiffness), proteomics, confocal microscopy, ChIP-like analysis identifying LH3 as Sox9 target Circulation research Medium 38179698

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2012 Slug and Sox9 cooperatively determine the mammary stem cell state. Cell 818 22385965
1997 Parallel expression of Sox9 and Col2a1 in cells undergoing chondrogenesis. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 413 9264261
2015 NR2F1 controls tumour cell dormancy via SOX9- and RARβ-driven quiescence programmes. Nature communications 299 25636082
2010 SOX9 induces and maintains neural stem cells. Nature neuroscience 279 20871603
2016 SOX9 and the many facets of its regulation in the chondrocyte lineage. Connective tissue research 268 27128146
2005 RhoA/ROCK signaling regulates Sox9 expression and actin organization during chondrogenesis. The Journal of biological chemistry 251 15665004
1998 Toward understanding SOX9 function in chondrocyte differentiation. Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology 213 9569122
2019 SOX9 in cartilage development and disease. Current opinion in cell biology 207 31382142
2008 Control of chondrogenesis by the transcription factor Sox9. Modern rheumatology 204 18351289
2021 SOX9 keeps growth plates and articular cartilage healthy by inhibiting chondrocyte dedifferentiation/osteoblastic redifferentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 196 33597301
2020 Lipid availability determines fate of skeletal progenitor cells via SOX9. Nature 195 32103177
2020 Regulation and function of SOX9 during cartilage development and regeneration. Seminars in cancer biology 194 32380234
1999 The DNA-binding specificity of SOX9 and other SOX proteins. Nucleic acids research 194 9973626
2009 Pref-1 regulates mesenchymal cell commitment and differentiation through Sox9. Cell metabolism 185 19254573
1999 Sry and Sox9: mammalian testis-determining genes. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 166 10412367
2016 SOX9 drives WNT pathway activation in prostate cancer. The Journal of clinical investigation 141 27043282
2009 Long-range regulation at the SOX9 locus in development and disease. Journal of medical genetics 137 19473998
2005 Sox9 and p300 cooperatively regulate chromatin-mediated transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 129 16109717
2009 SOX E genes: SOX9 and SOX8 in mammalian testis development. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 120 19647095
2011 Understanding the role of SOX9 in acquired diseases: lessons from development. Trends in molecular medicine 114 21237710
2006 Cartilage, SOX9 and Notch signals in chondrogenesis. Journal of anatomy 107 17005019
2013 Sox9 and programming of liver and pancreatic progenitors. The Journal of clinical investigation 94 23635786
2021 Yap-Sox9 signaling determines hepatocyte plasticity and lineage-specific hepatocarcinogenesis. Journal of hepatology 93 34793870
2021 SOX9: An emerging driving factor from cancer progression to drug resistance. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer 92 33524528
2011 Sox9 function in craniofacial development and disease. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 87 21309066
2021 Curcumin Attenuates Environment-Derived Osteoarthritis by Sox9/NF-kB Signaling Axis. International journal of molecular sciences 84 34299264
2024 Sox9 Accelerates Vascular Aging by Regulating Extracellular Matrix Composition and Stiffness. Circulation research 78 38179698
2011 Sex determination and the control of Sox9 expression in mammals. The FEBS journal 78 21281448
2009 Differential and overlapping expression pattern of SOX2 and SOX9 in inner ear development. Gene expression patterns : GEP 73 19427409
2008 Paraspeckle protein p54nrb links Sox9-mediated transcription with RNA processing during chondrogenesis in mice. The Journal of clinical investigation 73 18677406
2019 Inactivation of Sox9 in fibroblasts reduces cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. JCI insight 72 31310588
2016 FBW7 suppression leads to SOX9 stabilization and increased malignancy in medulloblastoma. The EMBO journal 71 27625374
2014 SOX9 regulates ERBB signalling in pancreatic cancer development. Gut 70 25336113
2008 Boys, girls and shuttling of SRY and SOX9. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM 70 18585925
2022 SOX9 in organogenesis: shared and unique transcriptional functions. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 69 36114905
2005 Sox9 in testis determination. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 64 16467253
2023 The pioneer factor SOX9 competes for epigenetic factors to switch stem cell fates. Nature cell biology 61 37488435
2017 SOX9: A genomic view of tissue specific expression and action. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 61 28323209
2001 Dexamethasone enhances SOX9 expression in chondrocytes. The Journal of endocrinology 60 11375127
2022 Nsun4 and Mettl3 mediated translational reprogramming of Sox9 promotes BMSC chondrogenic differentiation. Communications biology 59 35614315
2022 Transient upregulation of EGR1 signaling enhances kidney repair by activating SOX9+ renal tubular cells. Theranostics 59 35910788
2013 Expression and functional role of Sox9 in human epidermal keratinocytes. PloS one 59 23349860
2005 Co-expression of SOX9 and SOX10 during melanocytic differentiation in vitro. Experimental cell research 59 15896776
2005 From SRY to SOX9: mammalian testis differentiation. Journal of biochemistry 57 16046443
2016 Epigenetic Switch between SOX2 and SOX9 Regulates Cancer Cell Plasticity. Cancer research 56 27758880
2019 The regulation of Sox9 expression in the gonad. Current topics in developmental biology 54 30999977
2010 Nestin and SOX9 and SOX10 transcription factors are coexpressed in melanoma. Experimental dermatology 53 19845757
2012 SOX9 expression and its methylation status in gastric cancer. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 51 22331131
2002 Sex with two SOX on: SRY and SOX9 in testis development. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM 50 11893523
1996 Mutations in SOX9 cause both autosomal sex reversal and campomelic dysplasia. Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition 50 8840554
2021 Interplay between SOX9 transcription factor and microRNAs in cancer. International journal of biological macromolecules 49 33957202
2003 Turning on the male--SRY, SOX9 and sex determination in mammals. Cytogenetic and genome research 47 14684982
2021 Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination. Genes 46 33810596
1994 E-box- and MEF-2-independent muscle-specific expression, positive autoregulation, and cross-activation of the chicken MyoD (CMD1) promoter reveal an indirect regulatory pathway. Molecular and cellular biology 46 8035824
2019 Persistent Sox9 expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes suppresses transdifferentiation into osteoblasts. Bone 45 31121357
2017 Expression and Therapeutic Potential of SOX9 in Chordoma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 44 28606919
2006 Expression of SOX9 and SOX10 in central neuroepithelial tumor. Journal of neuro-oncology 44 16791471
2016 SOX9-regulated cell plasticity in colorectal metastasis is attenuated by rapamycin. Scientific reports 42 27571710
2009 Expression profiling of zebrafish sox9 mutants reveals that Sox9 is required for retinal differentiation. Developmental biology 42 19210963
2021 SOX9 is a critical regulator of TSPAN8-mediated metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 41 34163029
1991 The isolation and characterization of a calmodulin-encoding gene (CMD1) from the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. Gene 41 1937040
2008 The role of Sox9 in prostate development. Differentiation; research in biological diversity 40 18557758
2008 SOX9 and SOX10 but not BRN2 are required for nestin expression in human melanoma cells. The Journal of investigative dermatology 40 18923447
2020 Transient Sox9 Expression Facilitates Resistance to Androgen-Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 39 31919137
2020 SOX9 promotes tumor progression through the axis BMI1-p21CIP. Scientific reports 39 31941916
2018 SHP2 regulates skeletal cell fate by modifying SOX9 expression and transcriptional activity. Bone research 38 29644115
2018 SOX9 expression decreases survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by conferring chemoresistance. British journal of cancer 38 30420613
1998 Expression of the transcription factors Otlx2, Barx1 and Sox9 during mouse odontogenesis. European journal of oral sciences 38 9541211
1992 Localization of mRNAs coding for CMD1, myogenin and the alpha-subunit of the acetylcholine receptor during skeletal muscle development in the chicken. Mechanisms of development 38 1318730
2020 Switching of Sox9 expression during musculoskeletal system development. Scientific reports 36 32439983
2018 Association between SOX9 and CA9 in glioma, and its effects on chemosensitivity to TMZ. International journal of oncology 36 29749469
2019 SOX9 is a dose-dependent metastatic fate determinant in melanoma. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 35 30642390
2013 E6-AP/UBE3A protein acts as a ubiquitin ligase toward SOX9 protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 24155239
2018 Heterogeneity of SOX9 and HNF1β in Pancreatic Ducts Is Dynamic. Stem cell reports 33 29478894
2017 Mesoderm-specific Stat3 deletion affects expression of Sox9 yielding Sox9-dependent phenotypes. PLoS genetics 33 28166224
2022 Lin28a induces SOX9 and chondrocyte reprogramming via HMGA2 and blunts cartilage loss in mice. Science advances 32 36026443
2020 MYEOV increases HES1 expression and promotes pancreatic cancer progression by enhancing SOX9 transactivity. Oncogene 32 32879444
2021 TGF-β Signaling Promotes Glioma Progression Through Stabilizing Sox9. Frontiers in immunology 31 33613515
2020 SOX9 enhances sorafenib resistance through upregulating ABCG2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 31 32554246
2018 SOX9 has distinct regulatory roles in alternative splicing and transcription. Nucleic acids research 29 29901772
2016 SOX9 indirectly regulates CEACAM1 expression and immune resistance in melanoma cells. Oncotarget 29 26885752
2016 MicroRNA-105 targets SOX9 and inhibits human glioma cell progression. FEBS letters 29 27736002
2001 Sry, Sox9 and mammalian sex determination. EXS 29 11301599
2022 SOX9 reprograms endothelial cells by altering the chromatin landscape. Nucleic acids research 28 35904801
2021 VEGF receptor 2 (KDR) protects airways from mucus metaplasia through a Sox9-dependent pathway. Developmental cell 28 34010630
2019 Dominant-negative SOX9 mutations in campomelic dysplasia. Human mutation 27 31389106
2016 Sox9 overexpression in uterine epithelia induces endometrial gland hyperplasia. Differentiation; research in biological diversity 27 27262401
2015 Sox9 expression in carcinogenesis and its clinical significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 27 26341967
2011 SOX9 protein induces a chondrogenic phenotype of mesangial cells and contributes to advanced diabetic nephropathy. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 21795715
2018 SOX9 Transcriptionally Regulates mTOR-Induced Proliferation of Basal Cell Carcinomas. The Journal of investigative dermatology 26 29550418
2018 Translational Control of Sox9 RNA by mTORC1 Contributes to Skeletogenesis. Stem cell reports 26 30008325
1992 Molecular analysis of yeast chromosome II between CMD1 and LYS2: the excision repair gene RAD16 located in this region belongs to a novel group of double-finger proteins. Yeast (Chichester, England) 25 1626431
2012 The expression of NOTCH2, HES1 and SOX9 during mouse retinal development. Gene expression patterns : GEP 24 23277114
2025 Chondrocyte fatty acid oxidation drives osteoarthritis via SOX9 degradation and epigenetic regulation. Nature communications 22 40425566
2022 Dormant SOX9-Positive Cells Facilitate MYC-Driven Recurrence of Medulloblastoma. Cancer research 21 36219398
2019 Expression and Clinical Relevance of SOX9 in Gastric Cancer. Disease markers 21 31275454
2018 Expression of Reg IV and SOX9 and their correlation in human gastric cancer. BMC cancer 21 29587675
2019 Maintenance of SOX9 stability and ECM homeostasis by selenium-sensitive PRMT5 in cartilage. Osteoarthritis and cartilage 20 30858101
2015 Cytotoxic activity of the MK2 inhibitor CMPD1 in glioblastoma cells is independent of MK2. Cell death discovery 20 27551460
2024 CRISPR-mediated Sox9 activation and RelA inhibition enhance cell therapy for osteoarthritis. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 19 38879753

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