Affinage

HLA-A

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain · UniProt P04439

Length
365 aa
Mass
40.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 19 papers cited in narrative 19 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HLA-A encodes a classical MHC class I heavy chain that captures short peptides for surveillance by CD8+ T cells and modulatory NK-cell receptors (PMID:16041067, PMID:24550293). The newly synthesized heavy chain is a transmembrane glycoprotein co-translationally inserted into the rough ER, where it associates with beta-2-microglobulin within minutes; this association is a prerequisite for oligosaccharide maturation from high-mannose to complex form and for trafficking to the cell surface, as heavy chains accumulate unprocessed in beta-2-microglobulin-deficient cells (PMID:93026, PMID:7000762). Surface assembly additionally requires at least one trans-acting post-transcriptional factor (PMID:3906658). The peptide is bound in the alpha-1/alpha-2 groove through an extensive hydrogen-bond and ordered-water network, with pocket residues (e.g., F-pocket residue 77) dictating allele-specific binding motifs; the groove canonically accommodates 8-11-mers but can also present super-bulged 15-mer peptides that remain stable and immunogenic (PMID:16041067, PMID:31396224, PMID:25505266). Polymorphism in HLA-A is concentrated at variable positions in the alpha-1/alpha-2 domains that partition peptide-binding and TCR-binding functions, generated chiefly by intralocus allelic exchange (PMID:3375250). Beyond TCR engagement, HLA-A serves as a ligand for the activating receptor KIR2DS2 in a peptide-sequence-dependent manner (PMID:24550293), and its allele-specific signal peptide loads HLA-E to set HLA-E surface levels that engage the inhibitory NKG2A receptor and tune NK-cell activity (PMID:29302013). HLA-A surface levels are tightly regulated at multiple layers: transcriptionally upregulated by interferon-alpha and suppressed by MAPK/ERK signaling (PMID:6765173, PMID:24244023), post-transcriptionally destabilized by the RNA-binding protein MEX3B and by a CAF-derived lncRNA-CNOT4 deadenylation complex (PMID:29496759, PMID:39041344), and post-translationally degraded via LILRB2-facilitated MARCH9-dependent ubiquitination (PMID:38656573); loss of these controls reduces antigen presentation and promotes tumor immune evasion.

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1980 High

    Established that HLA-A heavy chains require beta-2-microglobulin association in the ER before they can mature and reach the surface, defining the obligatory assembly step of the class I molecule.

    Evidence Pulse-chase radiolabeling and glycosylation analysis comparing normal versus beta-2-microglobulin-deficient Daudi cells, with vesicle reconstitution of purified antigen

    PMID:356051 PMID:7000762 PMID:93026

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the chaperone machinery coordinating folding and peptide loading
    • Trans-acting factor required for surface expression not molecularly defined
  2. 1985 Medium

    Showed that surface expression depends on a trans-acting post-transcriptional factor beyond intact genes and transcripts, pointing to a regulated assembly/loading step.

    Evidence Mutagenesis with immunoselection and cell-fusion complementation in cells with normal HLA-A/B transcripts but absent surface antigen

    PMID:3906658

    Open questions at the time
    • The trans-acting factor was not cloned or identified
    • Step at which it acts (loading vs trafficking) unresolved
  3. 1982 High

    Demonstrated that interferon-alpha raises HLA class I surface levels primarily by increasing heavy-chain and beta-2-microglobulin synthesis via elevated mRNA, defining transcriptional induction as the dominant cytokine-driven mechanism.

    Evidence Cytofluorimetry, metabolic labeling, and mRNA hybridization in IFN-alpha-treated cells

    PMID:6765173

    Open questions at the time
    • Promoter elements and transcription factors mediating induction not mapped
    • Did not address allele-specific responsiveness
  4. 1988 Medium

    Localized HLA-A diversity to discrete variable positions in the alpha-1/alpha-2 domains and inferred functional segregation of peptide- and TCR-binding surfaces, framing the structural basis of allelic specificity.

    Evidence Comparative amino-acid sequence and structural-position analysis across 39 HLA molecules

    PMID:3375250

    Open questions at the time
    • Sequence inference without direct functional test of individual positions
    • Did not establish peptide-binding consequences of specific residues
  5. 2000 Medium

    Revealed that quantitative HLA-A expression is genetically set and controlled at transcription, splicing, and mRNA degradation, expanding regulation beyond transcription alone.

    Evidence Competitive RT-PCR, RNA polymerase II inhibition, and pre-mRNA/protein quantification across six lymphoblastoid lines

    PMID:10980390

    Open questions at the time
    • No trans-factors mediating splicing or decay identified
    • Mechanism of HLA-A24 mRNA-protein discordance unexplained
  6. 2005 High

    Resolved at near-atomic detail how HLA-A binds a defined pathogen peptide, mapping the hydrogen-bond and ordered-water network of the groove.

    Evidence 1.45 Å X-ray structure of HLA-A*11:01 with SARS-CoV nucleocapsid peptide plus IC50 binding measurements

    PMID:16041067

    Open questions at the time
    • Single allele/peptide pair
    • Does not address TCR recognition geometry
  7. 2014 High

    Defined HLA-A as a direct ligand for the activating NK receptor KIR2DS2 and demonstrated peptide-dependence of the interaction, linking HLA-A to NK as well as T-cell recognition.

    Evidence 2.5 Å crystal structure of KIR2DS2–HLA-A*11:01, NMR, live-cell tetramer binding, and p8 mutagenesis

    PMID:24550293

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional NK-cell consequences in physiological settings not fully delineated
    • Breadth of peptide repertoires supporting KIR binding unknown
  8. 2014 High

    Showed the HLA-A groove can stably present non-canonical 15-mer super-bulged peptides that remain immunogenic, broadening the recognized peptide-length repertoire.

    Evidence Folding/thermal stability assays, two 15-mer:HLA-A*02:01 crystal structures, and T-cell recognition assays

    PMID:25505266

    Open questions at the time
    • Frequency of long-peptide presentation in vivo unquantified
    • Processing pathway generating such peptides unclear
  9. 2013 High

    Identified MAPK/ERK signaling as a dominant suppressor of HLA-A and antigen-processing machinery, providing a tumor-relevant lever for restoring CTL recognition.

    Evidence MAPK inhibitors/siRNA with Western blot, qPCR, flow cytometry, CTL assays, and IHC of 102 tumors

    PMID:24244023

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional intermediaries linking ERK to HLA-A promoter not defined
    • Generalizability beyond gastric/esophageal cancer untested
  10. 2018 High

    Connected allele-specific HLA-A expression to NK-cell control via signal-peptide loading of HLA-E and NKG2A engagement, defining a non-classical immunoregulatory axis affecting HIV outcomes.

    Evidence Multi-cohort genetic association (9763 individuals, 21 cohorts) with signal-peptide/HLA-E mechanistic analysis and NKG2A blockade

    PMID:29302013

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative contribution relative to direct CD8 presentation unresolved
    • Allele coverage of signal-peptide effects incomplete
  11. 2018 High

    Demonstrated post-transcriptional control of HLA-A by MEX3B binding the 3' UTR to destabilize the mRNA, mechanistically linking RNA stability to immune escape.

    Evidence ORF overexpression screen, luciferase reporter, RIP, flow cytometry, and HLA-A2 rescue of T-cell killing in melanoma

    PMID:29496759

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream regulators of MEX3B in tumors unknown
    • Specificity for HLA-A versus other class I genes not fully resolved
  12. 2024 Medium

    Extended post-transcriptional control to a CAF-derived extracellular-vesicle lncRNA that recruits CNOT4/CCR4-NOT to deadenylate and degrade HLA-A mRNA, defining a stromal route to immune evasion.

    Evidence EV isolation, lncRNA-CNOT4 co-IP, poly(A) tail assay, flow cytometry, and syngeneic pancreatic tumor models

    PMID:39041344

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; reciprocal validation of the lncRNA-CNOT4 interaction limited
    • Direct binding of lncRNA to HLA-A mRNA not established
  13. 2024 Medium

    Defined post-translational degradation of HLA-A through LILRB2-facilitated MARCH9-dependent ubiquitination, adding a protein-stability layer to immune escape control.

    Evidence Co-IP, histidine-pulldown ubiquitination assay, flow cytometry, and syngeneic breast tumor model

    PMID:38656573

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab without reciprocal structural validation
    • Mechanism by which LILRB2 bridges MARCH9 to HLA-A unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How the multiple regulatory layers (transcriptional, splicing, mRNA-decay, ubiquitination) are integrated allele-specifically to set steady-state HLA-A surface levels in vivo remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking IFN/MAPK transcriptional control with MEX3B/CCR4-NOT decay and MARCH9 degradation
  • Identity of the 1985 trans-acting surface-expression factor still unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3
Partners
B2MCNOT4HLA-EKIR2DS2LILRB2MARCH9MEX3B
Complex memberships
MHC class I (HLA-A heavy chain : beta-2-microglobulin)

Evidence

Reading pass · 19 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1979 HLA-A and HLA-B heavy chains are initially synthesized as high-mannose glycoproteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, associate with beta-2-microglobulin within 10-15 min of synthesis, undergo oligosaccharide processing from high-mannose to complex form over ~30 min, and then traffic to the cell surface 60-80 min after synthesis; pulse-chase experiments established a precursor-product relationship between these populations. Pulse-chase radiolabeling, immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation, glycosylation analysis in B lymphoblastoid cells Cell High 93026
1980 HLA-A and HLA-B heavy chains are inserted asymmetrically as transmembrane polypeptides into the rough ER; beta-2-microglobulin association is required for subsequent oligosaccharide processing and intracellular transport from the ER to the cell surface, as demonstrated using Daudi cells (which lack beta-2-microglobulin) where heavy chains accumulate without further processing. Pulse-chase radiolabeling, glycosylation inhibitor studies, Daudi cell (beta-2-microglobulin-deficient) comparison The Journal of biological chemistry High 7000762
1978 Purified detergent-soluble HLA-A and HLA-B antigens were reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles and shown to orient with their extracellular domains facing outward (consistent with membrane topology via COOH-terminus anchor), retaining antigenic activity as confirmed by anti-beta-2-microglobulin binding and antibody-mediated cytotoxicity inhibition. Detergent removal reconstitution into phospholipid vesicles, protease cleavage, electron microscopy, antibody inhibition assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 356051
1985 Normal cell surface expression of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens requires at least one trans-active post-transcriptional step; mutants with intact HLA-A and -B genes and transcripts but reduced/absent surface antigen were complemented by cell fusion, indicating a trans-acting factor is necessary for surface expression. Mutagenesis and immunoselection, cell fusion complementation assays, DNA analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 3906658
1982 Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) increases HLA-A,B,C surface expression through increased rate of synthesis of HLA heavy chains and beta-2-microglobulin, accompanied by a dramatic increase in HLA mRNA levels, demonstrating transcriptional upregulation as the primary mechanism of IFN-alpha-induced HLA class I expression. Cytofluorimetry, [35S]methionine pulse labeling, Northern/hybridization with HLA cDNA probe, surface iodination The EMBO journal High 6765173
2000 Differential quantitative expression of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens is genetically predetermined and regulated at multiple steps including gene transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and mRNA degradation; the relative quantities of mature mRNA in the cytoplasm are not proportional to pre-mRNA levels in the nucleus for four of six cell lines, indicating splicing as a regulatory checkpoint, while mRNA and protein levels are generally proportional except for HLA-A24. Competitive RT-PCR, RNA polymerase II inhibitor (DRB) treatment, nuclear pre-mRNA measurement, protein quantification in lymphoblastoid cell lines Human immunology Medium 10980390
2018 The RNA-binding protein MEX3B binds to the 3' UTR of HLA-A mRNA and destabilizes it, leading to reduced HLA-A surface expression on melanoma cells and resistance to T-cell killing; overexpression of exogenous HLA-A2 rescued T-cell-mediated killing in MEX3B-overexpressing cells. ORF overexpression screen, luciferase reporter assay, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, cytotoxicity assay, IFN-gamma ELISA Clinical cancer research High 29496759
2018 HLA-A-derived signal peptide specifically binds HLA-E and determines HLA-E expression levels; elevated HLA-A expression (allele-dependent) provides more signal peptide to HLA-E, increasing HLA-E surface levels, which engages the inhibitory NKG2A receptor on NK cells and impairs NK cell clearance of HIV-infected targets. HLA-B haplotypes favoring NKG2A-mediated NK cell licensing exacerbate this effect. Population cohort analysis, genetic association study (9763 HIV-infected individuals, 21 cohorts), mechanistic analysis of signal peptide-HLA-E interaction, NKG2A receptor blockade experiments Science High 29302013
2014 The activating KIR2DS2 binds HLA-A*11:01 as its cognate ligand; crystal structure of the KIR2DS2–HLA-A*11:01 complex at 2.5 Å revealed residues Tyr45 and Asp72 as critical for binding specificity, and KIR binding can be altered by changes at peptide position 8, indicating peptide-sequence dependence of the KIR–HLA interaction. Crystal structure determination (X-ray crystallography at 2.5 Å), KIR2DS2 tetramer binding to live cells, heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR, site-directed mutagenesis (residue changes at p8) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 24550293
2005 High-resolution crystal structure of HLA-A*11:01 in complex with SARS-CoV nucleocapsid peptide (KTFPPTEPK) at 1.45 Å resolution revealed 17 hydrogen bonds between the alpha-chain and peptide, 9 tightly bound water molecules in the peptide-binding groove, and that Thr6 of the peptide does not efficiently use the middle (E) pocket, highlighting a target for optimization. X-ray crystallography at 1.45 Å resolution, in vitro peptide-binding studies (IC50 measurements) Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography High 16041067
2014 HLA-A*02:01 can present 15-mer peptides (non-canonical length) that adopt super-bulged conformations in the peptide-binding groove; these 15-mer peptides have binding affinity and stability comparable to canonical 8-11-mer peptides, and T cells can recognize 15-mer peptides in the context of HLA-A*02:01, demonstrating immunogenicity. HLA folding and thermal stability assays, X-ray crystallography (two 15-mer:HLA-A*02:01 structures solved), T-cell recognition functional assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 25505266
2019 Crystal structures of HLA-A*30:01 and HLA-A*30:03 with pathogen peptides revealed divergent peptide presentation characteristics: HLA-A*30:03 but not HLA-A*30:01 can bind HLA-A*01:01-favored peptides; residue 77 in the F pocket is a key determinant of supertype-featured peptide-binding motifs, and interchanging residue 77 between A*30:01 and A*30:03 switched their presented peptide profiles. X-ray crystallography, thermostability measurements, peptide-binding assays, residue 77 swap mutagenesis Frontiers in immunology High 31396224
2013 HLA-A expression is predominantly regulated by the MAPK (ERK) pathway in gastric and esophageal cancer cells; inhibition of MAPK (via PD98059 or MAPK siRNA) upregulates HLA-A02 and HLA-A24 expression in parallel with antigen-processing machinery components and enhances CTL killing; a strong inverse correlation between p-ERK and HLA class I was confirmed in clinical tumor samples. MAPK/PI3K inhibitor treatment (PD98059, wortmannin, lapatinib), MAPK siRNA knockdown, Western blot, qPCR, flow cytometry, CTL cytotoxicity assay, immunohistochemistry of 102 tumor samples Journal of immunology High 24244023
2024 CAF-derived extracellular vesicle-packaged lncRNA RP11-161H23.5 promotes HLA-A mRNA degradation by forming a complex with CNOT4, a subunit of the CCR4-NOT mRNA deadenylase complex, which shortens the poly(A) tail of HLA-A mRNA and enhances its degradation, thereby reducing HLA-A surface expression and promoting immune evasion in pancreatic cancer. Extracellular vesicle isolation, RIP/co-IP of lncRNA-CNOT4 complex, poly(A) tail assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, syngeneic tumor models Journal of extracellular vesicles Medium 39041344
2024 LILRB2 promotes HLA-A ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by facilitating the interaction between the ubiquitin E3 ligase MARCH9 and HLA-A, reducing HLA-A surface expression and enabling immune evasion from CD8+ T cells in breast cancer. Immunoprecipitation, histidine pulldown ubiquitination assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, syngeneic graft mouse model Cellular oncology Medium 38656573
2012 Secreted HLA-A*02:01 (sHLA) traffics through intracellular compartments with similar maturation kinetics to membrane-bound HLA-A*02:01, and mass spectrometry of peptides eluted from sHLA and membrane-bound HLA-A*02:01 showed substantial overlap in their immunopeptidome, identifying 1266 non-redundant peptide ligands including peptides with post-translational modifications. Intracellular trafficking comparison, mass spectrometry of eluted peptides, bioinformatic peptide validation Molecular immunology Medium 22424782
1988 Diversity in HLA-A (and HLA-B, -C) molecules is concentrated at 20 positions of high variability in the alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains; variation between alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains is distinct and may reflect partial segregation of peptide-binding and TCR-binding functions; genetic exchange between alleles of the same locus (rather than between loci) is the primary mechanism generating HLA-A diversity. Amino acid sequence comparison of 39 HLA molecules, structural analysis of polymorphic positions Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 3375250
2001 HLA-A*01-restricted T-cell epitope from WT1 (residues 317-327) is processed by proteasomal cleavage and recognized by CTL from patients with hematologic malignancies; depletion of regulatory T cells enabled expansion of WT1-specific CTL that specifically lysed HLA-A*01+ WT1-expressing tumor cell lines. Proteasomal degradation assay, intracellular cytokine cytometry, CTL expansion and cytotoxicity assay Clinical cancer research Medium 17189421
2018 HLA-A*33:03 allele restricts ticlopidine-specific CD8+ T-cell activation; blocking HLA class I and HLA-A*33 antibodies reduced the T-cell response, indicating that drug-HLA interaction at the HLA-A*33:03 allele is important for T-cell-mediated liver injury. CD8+ T-cell cloning and proliferation assay, IFN-gamma secretion, HLA antibody blocking Chemical research in toxicology Medium 30179004

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1988 Nature of polymorphism in HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 422 3375250
1979 Assembly and maturation of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens in vivo. Cell 302 93026
1988 HLA-A and B polymorphisms predate the divergence of humans and chimpanzees. Nature 300 3412487
1980 Biosynthesis of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens in vivo. The Journal of biological chemistry 254 7000762
1985 Mutations that impair a posttranscriptional step in expression of HLA-A and -B antigens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 210 3906658
1986 Loss of HLA-A,B,C and de novo expression of HLA-D in colorectal cancer. International journal of cancer 162 2417962
2003 T-cell responses to HLA-A*0201 immunodominant peptides derived from alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 141 14676113
2007 HLA-A confers an HLA-DRB1 independent influence on the risk of multiple sclerosis. PloS one 138 17653284
2018 Elevated HLA-A expression impairs HIV control through inhibition of NKG2A-expressing cells. Science (New York, N.Y.) 124 29302013
1989 Selective loss of HLA-A or HLA-B antigen expression in colon carcinoma. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 123 2462591
1992 HLA-A and DPB1 loci confer susceptibility to Graves' disease. Human immunology 112 1363421
2001 Schizophrenia and HLA: a review. Schizophrenia research 108 11163540
1981 Depressive disorders and HLA: a gene on chromosome 6 that can affect behavior. The New England journal of medicine 107 6945479
1992 Polymorphism at the HLA-E locus predates most HLA-A and -B polymorphism. Human immunology 106 1618657
1982 Control of HLA-A,B,C synthesis and expression in interferon-treated cells. The EMBO journal 105 6765173
1993 Three new HLA-G alleles and their linkage disequilibria with HLA-A. Immunogenetics 101 8102125
2021 HLA-A*03 and response to immune checkpoint blockade in cancer: an epidemiological biomarker study. The Lancet. Oncology 99 34895481
2018 The RNA-binding Protein MEX3B Mediates Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy by Downregulating HLA-A Expression. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 83 29496759
2018 Improvement in HLA-typing by new sequence-specific oligonucleotides kits for HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 loci. HLA 77 30129271
2014 Activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS2 binds to HLA-A*11. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 77 24550293
2013 The MAPK pathway is a predominant regulator of HLA-A expression in esophageal and gastric cancer. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 77 24244023
2001 A MAGE-A1 HLA-A A*0201 epitope identified by mass spectrometry. Cancer research 74 11358828
1978 Reconstitution of purified detergent-soluble HLA-A and HLA-B antigens into phospholipid vesicles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 69 356051
1997 HLA-A, -B, -DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 polymorphism in Thais. Human immunology 66 9129976
2014 Naturally processed non-canonical HLA-A*02:01 presented peptides. The Journal of biological chemistry 60 25505266
1992 The role of surface HLA-A,B,C molecules in tumour immunity. Cancer surveys 58 1423320
1997 A generic sequencing based typing approach for the identification of HLA-A diversity. Human immunology 50 9438203
2017 Variants at HLA-A, HLA-C, and HLA-DQB1 Confer Risk of Psoriasis Vulgaris in Japanese. The Journal of investigative dermatology 48 29031612
2006 Identification of a highly immunogenic HLA-A*01-binding T cell epitope of WT1. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 48 17189421
2014 HLA-A SNPs and amino acid variants are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malaysian Chinese. International journal of cancer 45 24947555
1995 HLA-A and -DRB4 genes in controlling the susceptibility to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Human immunology 44 7744616
2012 Secreted HLA recapitulates the immunopeptidome and allows in-depth coverage of HLA A*02:01 ligands. Molecular immunology 41 22424782
2016 Adjuvanted multi-epitope vaccines protect HLA-A*11:01 transgenic mice against Toxoplasma gondii. JCI insight 39 27699241
2011 Associations between the HLA-A polymorphism and the clinical manifestations of Behcet's disease. Arthritis research & therapy 39 21429233
2018 The role of HLA-A*33:01 in patients with cholestatic hepatitis attributed to terbinafine. Journal of hepatology 38 30138689
2012 HLA-A(*)0201(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells provide a cell-based immunotherapy for melanoma patients. The Journal of investigative dermatology 38 22696054
2003 HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR matching reduces the rate of corneal allograft rejection. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 38 14673570
2009 Epitopes of HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ, DP and MICA antigens. Clinical transplants 36 20524293
2024 Extracellular vesicle-packaged lncRNA from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes immune evasion by downregulating HLA-A in pancreatic cancer. Journal of extracellular vesicles 34 39041344
2007 Deletion of entire HLA-A gene accompanied by an insertion of a retrotransposon. Tissue antigens 34 17610419
1988 Reduction or loss of HLA-A,B,C antigens in colorectal carcinoma appears not to influence survival. British journal of cancer 34 2839218
1980 The HLA-A,B gene frequencies in the world: migration or selection? Human immunology 34 7263314
2007 Epitopes of the HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ and MICA antigens. Clinical transplants 31 18637469
1991 A physical linkage map of HLA-A, -G, -7.5p, and -F. Human immunology 29 1890019
2005 High-resolution structure of HLA-A*1101 in complex with SARS nucleocapsid peptide. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography 28 16041067
1997 Frequencies of HLA-A and HLA-B alleles in a Mexico City mestizo sample. American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 24 28561491
1985 HLA-A, B, DR antigens and insulin-dependent diabetes in Algerians. Tissue antigens 24 3875911
1996 HLA-G polymorphism and allelic association with HLA-A in a Finnish population. European journal of immunogenetics : official journal of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics 21 8732478
1996 High frequency of HLA-A*0207 subtype in Chinese population. Transfusion 21 8823458
2021 Protein purification and crystallization of HLA-A∗02:01 in complex with SARS-CoV-2 peptides. STAR protocols 20 34124695
2000 A PCR-SSP method to specifically select HLA-A*0201 individuals for immunotherapeutic studies. Tissue antigens 20 10902609
1997 Accurate typing of HLA-A antigens and analysis of serological deficiencies. Tissue antigens 20 9349623
2020 Easy-HLA: a validated web application suite to reveal the full details of HLA typing. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 19 31750874
2008 Association between HLA-A alleles and Alzheimer's disease in a southern Chinese community. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders 19 18936542
2005 Identification of a new HLA-A*0201-restricted cryptic epitope from CYP1B1. International journal of cancer 19 15688394
2001 HLA-A and HLA-B transcription decrease with ageing in peripheral blood leucocytes. Clinical and experimental immunology 19 11529916
2010 HLA-A, -B, -DR haplotype frequencies in the Thai Stem Cell Donor Registry. Tissue antigens 18 20230524
2020 HLA Genotyping in Synovial Sarcoma: Identifying HLA-A*02 and Its Association with Clinical Outcome. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 17 32816945
2022 A TCR mimic monoclonal antibody reactive with the "public" phospho-neoantigen pIRS2/HLA-A*02:01 complex. JCI insight 16 35260532
2011 Identification of HLA-A*0201- and A*2402-restricted epitopes of mucin 5AC expressed in advanced pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 16 21697763
2001 Combination of HLA-A and HLA class II alleles controls the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Tissue antigens 16 11929590
1980 HLA-a, B typing in Basque and other Pyrenean populations. Tissue antigens 16 12735327
2017 HLA-A*31:01 and carbamazepine-induced DRESS syndrom in a sample of North African population. Seizure 15 29125944
1998 Novel HLA-A and HLA-B alleles. Tissue antigens 15 9714480
1996 Physical map of the HLA-A/HLA-F subregion and identification of two new coding sequences. Immunogenetics 15 8575815
2024 Identifying MAGE-A4-positive tumors for TCR T cell therapies in HLA-A∗02-eligible patients. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 14 38872830
2022 Screening and Identification of HBV Epitopes Restricted by Multiple Prevalent HLA-A Allotypes. Frontiers in immunology 14 35464415
2022 MUC22, HLA-A, and HLA-DOB variants and COVID-19 in resilient super-agers from Brazil. Frontiers in immunology 14 36389712
2019 Divergent Peptide Presentations of HLA-A*30 Alleles Revealed by Structures With Pathogen Peptides. Frontiers in immunology 14 31396224
2010 HLA-A alleles and the risk of cervical squamous cell carcinoma in Japanese women. Journal of epidemiology 14 20501960
2005 Identification of a novel HLA-A*0278 allele in a Chinese family. Tissue antigens 14 15896205
2021 An HLA-A*11:01-Binding Neoantigen from Mutated NPM1 as Target for TCR Gene Therapy in AML. Cancers 13 34771556
1985 Expression of HLA-A and -B antigens on differentiating U-937 cells. Tissue antigens 13 3861000
2019 The Association of HLA-A, B and DRB1 with Buerger's Disease. Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology 12 31832439
2017 Identification of a HLA-A*0201-restricted immunogenic epitope from the universal tumor antigen DEPDC1. Oncoimmunology 12 28919988
2014 Identification of conserved and HLA-A*2402-restricted epitopes in Dengue virus serotype 2. Virus research 12 25449574
1999 Sequence of HLA-A*6808. Tissue antigens 12 10395114
2006 Low-cost, simultaneous, single-sequence genotyping of the HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C loci. Tissue antigens 11 16774537
2004 HLA-Cw*0409N is associated with HLA-A*2301 and HLA-B*4403-carrying haplotypes. Human immunology 11 14969773
1999 Identification of HLA-A*0224: implications for PCR-SSP HLA typing. Tissue antigens 11 10090620
2024 LILRB2 promotes immune escape in breast cancer cells via enhanced HLA-A degradation. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 10 38656573
2018 HLA-A*11:01 is associated with levetiracetam-induced psychiatric adverse events. PloS one 10 30020991
2018 HLA-A*33:03-Restricted Activation of Ticlopidine-Specific T-Cells from Human Donors. Chemical research in toxicology 10 30179004
2017 Sequence-based HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR typing of 339 adults from Managua, Nicaragua. Human immunology 10 29122684
2013 Development of a simple method for detection of the HLA-A*31:01 allele. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 9 23399568
2011 Hla-a and hla-B alleles associated in psoriasis patients from mumbai, Western India. Indian journal of dermatology 9 22121262
2000 Mechanisms for genetically predetermined differential quantitative expression of HLA-A and -B antigens. Human immunology 9 10980390
1999 HLA-A*9, a probable secondary susceptibility marker to ankylosing spondylitis in Basque patients. Tissue antigens 9 10090616
1990 Reduced HLA-A,B,C expression in tumourigenic v-raf transfected human urothelial cells. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 9 2141486
2023 Identification of neoepitope reactive T-cell receptors guided by HLA-A*03:01 and HLA-A*11:01 immunopeptidomics. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 8 37758652
2017 HLA-A, B, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 alleles and haplotype frequencies in Dene and Cree cohorts in Manitoba, Canada. Human immunology 8 28359736
2015 An old Twist in HLA-A: CDR3α Hook up at an R65-joint. Frontiers in immunology 8 26074926
2012 HLA-A and HLA-B gene polymorphism and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a Han Chinese population. Respiratory medicine 8 22784404
2004 Identification of HLA a*0201 glioblastoma multiforme cell lines for immunotherapy by PCR-SSP and DNA sequencing. Journal of neuro-oncology 8 15015764
2017 Complex antigen presentation pathway for an HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope from Chikungunya 6K protein. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 7 29084215
2016 Identification of HLA-A*11:01-restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis CD8(+) T cell epitopes. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 7 27072810
2012 Paradoxical downregulation of HLA-A expression by IFNγ associated with schizophrenia and noncoding genes. Immunobiology 7 23083632
2009 Identification and characterization of HLA-A*0301 epitopes in HIV-1 gag proteins using a novel approach. Journal of immunological methods 7 19903485
2006 Analysis of HFE gene mutations and HLA-A alleles in Brazilian patients with iron overload. Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina 7 16878186
2005 No HLA-A gene detectable on one of the haplotypes in a Caucasian family. Human immunology 7 15695001

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