Affinage

ELF1

ETS-related transcription factor Elf-1 · UniProt P32519

Length
619 aa
Mass
67.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 51 papers cited in narrative 50 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 9/9 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ELF1 (Elf-1) is a lymphoid-enriched ETS-family transcription factor that recognizes GGAA-core Ets binding sites to control a broad program of hematopoietic, immune, and endothelial genes (PMID:1545787, PMID:8255775). Selective recognition of the GGAA core is conferred by a single residue in conserved region III of its Ets domain, distinguishing it from Ets1/Ets2 (PMID:1545787, PMID:8255775). Through this activity it directly regulates immune and signaling genes including IL-2, GM-CSF, the TCR ζ-chain, CD4, LAT, TdT, and Fc receptor genes (PMID:1545787, PMID:8289796, PMID:9510181, PMID:10347164, PMID:16464244, PMID:8887642), frequently acting combinatorially with other factors—cooperatively with AP-1 (c-Fos/JunB) at the GM-CSF PB1 element and with PU.1 at hematopoietic promoters such as SCL/tal-1 and gp91phox (PMID:8289796, PMID:9786909, PMID:10233904). ELF1 can function as either an activator or a repressor depending on context, suppressing FcRγ and antagonizing PU.1-driven FcεRI α-chain transcription (PMID:17878388, PMID:18629488). In the vascular system it transactivates endothelial genes including Tie1/Tie2, LMO2, and endoglin, and is required for angiopoietin-1-driven endothelial migration and tumor angiogenesis (PMID:11157678, PMID:15994290, PMID:16484587, PMID:16352813). Its activity is governed by posttranslational control of localization: ELF1 is tethered in the cytoplasm by the underphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and released upon Rb phosphorylation after T-cell activation (PMID:8493578), and a nuclear 98-kDa form generated through phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation is required for promoter binding (PMID:11884456). PP2A dephosphorylation at Thr-231 limits the nuclear form and reduces binding to CD3ζ and FcRγ promoters, a defect amplified in lupus T cells, while O-GlcNAcylation controls nuclear translocation and modulates interaction with Sp1 (PMID:18714041, PMID:19285002, PMID:21867680). Genetic loss-of-function defines physiological roles in NKT-cell development, macrophage development via cxcr4b, intestinal epithelial homeostasis via Rack1, and a broadly antiviral transcriptional program independent of type I interferon (PMID:21148815, PMID:40141178, PMID:40057592, PMID:31682641). The yeast ortholog Elf1 acts as a transcription elongation factor associated with the Spt4/Spt5/Spt6/Paf1 machinery and promotes transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair by stabilizing Rad26 at lesion-arrested RNA Pol II and recruiting TFIIH through a C-terminal TFIIH-interaction region (PMID:16260625, PMID:38194460, PMID:39043658).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Established ELF1 as a distinct Ets-family transcription factor with its own DNA-binding specificity, answering whether a new factor governed inducible immune-gene enhancers.

    Evidence EMSA, methylation interference, and in vitro mutagenesis of the IL-2 and HIV-2 enhancers in T cells

    PMID:1527846 PMID:1545787

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular signals controlling inducible binding not yet defined
    • No domain map of activation versus DNA-binding regions
  2. 1993 High

    Defined the molecular basis of ELF1's GGAA-core site selectivity and its combinatorial action with AP-1, explaining how it is targeted distinctly from Ets1/Ets2.

    Evidence Reciprocal Ets-domain mutagenesis plus cooperative supershift EMSA and reporter assays at GM-CSF and viral enhancers

    PMID:8255775 PMID:8289796 PMID:8350410

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural detail of the Ets-domain/DNA interface not resolved
    • Genome-wide site repertoire unknown at this stage
  3. 1993 High

    Identified Rb-mediated cytoplasmic tethering and activation-dependent release as the first layer of post-translational control over ELF1 activity.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP, in vitro binding, and dominant-negative phosphorylation-defective Rb in T cells

    PMID:8493578

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase responsible for Rb phosphorylation in this context not identified
    • Mechanism linking release to nuclear import unresolved
  4. 1994 High

    Revealed an unexpected, second identity: a GPI-anchored Eph-receptor ligand, raising the question of whether the timeline conflates two molecularly distinct entities sharing the ELF-1 name.

    Evidence Receptor-alkaline phosphatase fusion expression-library screen identifying ELF-1 as a Mek4/Sek ligand

    PMID:7522971

    Open questions at the time
    • Relationship between the GPI-anchored ligand and the nuclear ETS factor not reconciled in the corpus
    • Whether these are the same gene product is not established
  5. 1995 High

    Showed the ELF-1 Eph ligand forms a graded guidance cue, addressing how complementary receptor/ligand gradients pattern the retinotectal map.

    Evidence RNA in situ hybridization and receptor-AP fusion binding across tectum and retina

    PMID:7634327 PMID:7876076

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream signaling of activated Eph receptor only partially defined
    • Substrate identity (62 kDa) unknown
  6. 1996 High

    Demonstrated repellent, topographically specific axon guidance by the ELF-1 ligand and constrained the cells responsive to it.

    Evidence In vitro stripe/collapse assays and retroviral in vivo overexpression with axon mapping

    PMID:8797822 PMID:8855326 PMID:9135142 PMID:9232603

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor-clustering requirement only partially mechanistic
    • In vivo loss-of-function for guidance not shown
  7. 1996 Medium

    Mapped ELF1's transcriptional architecture—constitutive nuclear localization, an N-terminal activation domain, and an internal repression domain—answering how it both activates and restrains transcription.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation and Gal4-fusion deletion mutagenesis with reporter assays

    PMID:9180266

    Open questions at the time
    • Coactivators/corepressors recruited by these domains not identified
    • Conflicts with later cytoplasmic-tethering data not reconciled here
  8. 1996 High

    Extended ELF1's regulatory reach across immune-gene promoters and revealed it can act as a repressor as well as an activator.

    Evidence EMSA, supershift, in vivo footprinting, and mutagenesis at IL-2Rα, IL-3, and TdT promoters

    PMID:8228815 PMID:8887642 PMID:8943338 PMID:9104808

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of activator-versus-repressor outcome not defined
    • Cofactor partners at repressive sites unknown
  9. 1999 Medium

    Defined ELF1 as a direct regulator of additional immune/hematopoietic genes and its functional specificity relative to other Ets factors.

    Evidence EMSA and reporter assays at CD4, FcεRI α-chain, gp91phox, IL-5, and SCL promoters

    PMID:10212281 PMID:10233904 PMID:10347164 PMID:10395650 PMID:9786909

    Open questions at the time
    • Why ELF1 fails to cooperate with GATA3 (unlike Ets1/2) mechanistically unexplained
    • In vivo occupancy not established for most targets
  10. 2002 High

    Connected molecular-mass forms of ELF1 to localization and function, establishing that a phosphorylated/O-GlcNAcylated 98-kDa nuclear form is the active species and its loss underlies SLE T-cell defects.

    Evidence Fractionation, PTM enzymatic stripping, IEF, Rb co-IP, and promoter binding in normal and SLE T cells

    PMID:11884456 PMID:12421992

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzymes generating the 98-kDa form not yet identified
    • Precise PTM sites mapped only later
  11. 2001 Medium

    Established ELF1 as a transcriptional driver of the endothelial/hematopoietic program and a target for anti-angiogenic intervention.

    Evidence In situ, EMSA/supershift, ChIP, transgenics, and a dominant-negative ETS-domain peptide in tumor xenografts (Tie1/Tie2, LMO2, endoglin, eNOS)

    PMID:11157678 PMID:14966269 PMID:15994290 PMID:16352813 PMID:16484587

    Open questions at the time
    • Redundancy with Fli-1/Erg/Ets1 at shared sites not resolved
    • Direct endothelial loss-of-function phenotype not shown
  12. 2005 High

    Identified the yeast ortholog Elf1 as a transcription elongation factor physically and genetically linked to the elongation machinery and to CK2.

    Evidence Synthetic-lethality screen, genome-wide ChIP, and protein purification/MS; in vitro CK2 phosphorylation at Ser95/Ser117

    PMID:16260625 PMID:16756761

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of CK2 phosphorylation not established
    • Connection between elongation role and mammalian ETS function unclear
  13. 2008 High

    Pinpointed PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation at Thr-231 as the eraser controlling the nuclear ELF1 pool and its target binding, mechanistically linking PTM to lupus T-cell gene dysregulation.

    Evidence Phosphatase and phosphosite-specific assays, ChIP, and PP2A siRNA in T cells

    PMID:18714041

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase opposing PP2A at Thr-231 not identified
    • How dephosphorylation prevents nuclear accumulation mechanistically unresolved
  14. 2009 Medium

    Defined O-GlcNAcylation as a switch controlling ELF1 nuclear translocation and its Sp1 interaction, extending PTM control of localization-dependent function.

    Evidence Co-IP, O-GlcNAc analysis, fractionation, and reporter assays (Pem and Tollip genes; Caco-2 vs THP-1)

    PMID:19285002 PMID:21867680

    Open questions at the time
    • O-GlcNAc sites on ELF1 not mapped
    • Cell-type determinants of differential glycosylation unknown
  15. 2010 High

    Placed ELF1 within hematopoietic differentiation circuits as both a PU.1 target and a regulator of MEIS1 and erythroid maturation, and defined its requirement in NKT-cell development.

    Evidence ChIP-chip, EMSA/ChIP, overexpression/knockdown in erythroid and K562 cells, and Elf-1−/− mice with chimeras

    PMID:20525788 PMID:20600580 PMID:21148815

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ELF1 target genes in NKT cells not defined
    • Mechanism of erythroid block downstream of ELF1 unresolved
  16. 2019 High

    Uncovered a broad, interferon-independent antiviral transcriptional program directed by ELF1, defining a novel innate-immune effector role.

    Evidence Multi-virus infection quantification, RNA-seq, Elf1-KO mouse influenza challenge, and JAK/STAT1 inhibition

    PMID:31682641

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct antiviral target genes not enumerated
    • Mechanism of IFN-independent induction of the program unknown
  17. 2024 High

    Resolved the structural and biochemical mechanism by which the yeast ortholog initiates transcription-coupled NER—stabilizing Rad26 at lesion-stalled Pol II and recruiting TFIIH via its C-terminal TFIIH-interaction region.

    Evidence Cryo-EM of Pol II–Rad26 complexes, in vitro reconstitution, CPD-seq, and CTD-domain binding/mutagenesis to TFIIH p62 PH domain

    PMID:33877330 PMID:38194460 PMID:39043658

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether mammalian ELF1 retains an equivalent TC-NER function not tested
    • Relationship between elongation role and lesion-bypass control not fully integrated
  18. 2025 Medium

    Extended ELF1's in vivo physiological roles to macrophage development, intestinal epithelial homeostasis, and m6A-coupled cell-cycle control, defining direct downstream effectors.

    Evidence Zebrafish CRISPR/dominant-negative with cxcr4b rescue; conditional KO mouse colitis with Rack1 ChIP; ChIP-seq of METTL3/YTHDF2 with E2F3 m6A in nucleus pulposus cells

    PMID:40057592 PMID:40141178 PMID:40467575

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct versus indirect nature of some target relationships not fully separated
    • Conservation of these roles to human tissues not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Whether the nuclear ETS transcription factor and the GPI-anchored Eph ligand reported under the ELF-1 name are the same gene product, and how the elongation/TC-NER ortholog function relates to mammalian ETS activity, remains unresolved in this corpus.
  • No experiment in the corpus reconciles the transcription-factor and Eph-ligand identities
  • Mammalian counterpart of the yeast elongation/TC-NER role not directly tested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 6 GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 4
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2
Partners
EPHA3FOSJUNBPU.1RAD26RB1SP1TFIIH

Evidence

Reading pass · 50 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 ELF-1 (Elf-1) was identified as a novel Ets-related transcription factor that binds specifically to two Ets binding sites (EBS1 and EBS2) in the IL-2 enhancer; in vitro mutagenesis showed that these sites are required for inducible IL-2 enhancer function, and neither Ets-1 nor Ets-2 bound these sites. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), methylation interference analysis, in vitro mutagenesis, low-stringency cDNA library screen Molecular and cellular biology High 1545787
1992 Elf-1 binds specifically to two purine-rich motifs in the HIV-2 enhancer, and mutagenesis of these Elf-1 binding sites abolishes inducible HIV-2 transcription following T-cell-receptor-mediated T-cell activation. EMSA, site-directed mutagenesis, transient transfection reporter assays Journal of virology High 1527846
1993 Elf-1 binds to the underphosphorylated (but not phosphorylated) form of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) via a sequence motif homologous to viral oncoprotein Rb-binding sites, interacting with Rb's pocket region both in vitro and in vivo. After T cell activation, Rb phosphorylation releases Elf-1, correlating temporally with activation of Elf-1-mediated transcription. Overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective Rb inhibited Elf-1-dependent transcription. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro binding assays, overexpression of phosphorylation-defective Rb mutant, transcriptional reporter assays Science High 8493578
1993 A single amino acid substitution (Lys→Thr) in conserved region III (CRIII) of the Ets domain of Ets1 confers selective binding to GGAA core-containing sites (the specificity of Elf1/E74); the reciprocal mutation in Elf1 confers ability to bind GGAT core-containing EBS. CRIII plays a key role in Ets domain recognition of the GGAA/T core motif. Site-directed mutagenesis of Ets domain, DNA binding assays Nucleic acids research High 8255775
1993 Elf-1 binds to adjacent AP-1 and Ets sites in the GM-CSF purine box 1 (PB1) element cooperatively with c-Fos and JunB; mutagenesis of either the Ets or AP-1 site abolishes binding of the inducible PB1 complex and transcriptional activation of the GM-CSF promoter in activated T cells. EMSA with specific antibodies, in vitro mutagenesis, transient transfection reporter assays Molecular and cellular biology High 8289796
1993 Elf-1 binds to the purine-rich ets site in the HTLV-I enhancer (not Ets-1 as previously thought), and site-specific mutation of this site significantly diminishes inducible HTLV-I enhancer function in Jurkat T cells. EMSA, site-directed mutagenesis, transient transfection reporter assays Journal of virology Medium 8350410
1994 ELF-1 was identified as a ligand for the Eph family receptor tyrosine kinases Mek4 and Sek; ELF-1 is membrane-bound via a phosphatidylinositol (GPI) tail, as demonstrated by its expression in cell lines and embryos. cDNA expression library screen with receptor-alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins (RAP in situ), sequence analysis, cell line expression studies Cell High 7522971
1994 Elf-1 binds to the Ets consensus site in a second CD4 enhancer 24 kb upstream of the CD4 promoter; mutation of this Ets site abolishes enhancer activity in T cells. EMSA, in vitro mutagenesis, transient transfection reporter assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 7935370
1995 ELF-1 is expressed in a high-to-low gradient in the tectum while its receptor Mek4 is expressed in a complementary gradient in the retina; binding activity detected with alkaline phosphatase fusions of ELF-1 and Mek4 shows molecular complementarity of gradients in reciprocal fields, indicating roles in retinotectal map development. RNA in situ hybridization, receptor-alkaline phosphatase fusion binding assays Cell High 7634327
1995 Elf-1 (ELF-1) activates autophosphorylation of the Cek7 receptor tyrosine kinase; high-affinity binding (Kd ~1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ M) was demonstrated between Elf-1 and the MDK1 (Eph family) receptor, and Elf-1 binding leads to autophosphorylation of MDK1 and tyrosine phosphorylation of a 62 kDa substrate. Scatchard binding analysis, receptor autophosphorylation assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 7876076
1996 ELF-1 acts as a repellent axon guidance factor in vitro for temporal but not nasal retinal axons; retroviral overexpression of ELF-1 in the tectum in vivo causes retinal axons to avoid ectopic ELF-1 patches and map abnormally, demonstrating topographically specific axon guidance. In vitro axon guidance assay, retroviral overexpression in vivo, retinal axon mapping Cell High 8797822
1996 Elf-1 is constitutively localized in the nucleus, dependent on amino acids 86–265. The N-terminal 86 amino acids contain a transcriptional activation domain whose activity is attenuated by an internal repression domain. Elf-1 stimulates transcription via E74 target sequences independently of mitogenic signaling. Subcellular fractionation, deletion mutagenesis of Elf-1 fused to Gal4 DNA binding domain, reporter assays FEBS letters Medium 9180266
1996 Elf-1 binds to a conserved Ets site (site III) in the mouse IL-2 receptor alpha IL-2-responsive enhancer (IL-2rE) and participates in IL-2 responsiveness; mutations in site III that reduce Elf-1 binding in vitro reduce IL-2rE activity in vivo, suggesting Elf-1 can act as a transcriptional repressor at the PRRIII element of the human IL-2Rα gene. EMSA with recombinant Elf-1, supershift with anti-Elf-1 antibody, biotinylated probe precipitation, in vivo footprinting, transient transfection reporter assays, mutagenesis Molecular and cellular biology / The EMBO journal High 8943338 9104808
1996 Elf-1 is expressed in an increasing gradient in the septum and selectively allows neurite growth from topographically appropriate lateral hippocampal neurons while inhibiting medial hippocampal neurite outgrowth; Elf-1 specifically binds the Bsk Eph receptor and elicits its tyrosine kinase activity. In vitro neurite outgrowth assay, receptor binding assay, kinase activity assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Medium 8855326
1996 ELF-1 (RAGS and ELF-1) acts as a repellent factor for temporal retinal axons in two in vitro assays; RAGS is repellent for both temporal and nasal axons while ELF-1 is repellent only for temporal axons, correlating with strength of receptor interaction. Stripe assay and growth cone collapse assay in vitro The EMBO journal Medium 9135142
1997 ELF-1 inhibits neurite outgrowth of Cek8-expressing motoneurons when presented in membrane-bound or clustered Fc chimeric form but not as unclustered soluble protein, and this inhibition correlates with receptor (Cek8) phosphorylation. Motoneuron neurite outgrowth assay, receptor phosphorylation assay, Fc-chimera clustering Mechanisms of development Medium 9232603
1996 Elf-1 binds to the Ets consensus site in the IL-3 promoter; both the AP-1 and Elf-1 binding sites are required for T cell-specific IL-3 promoter activity, but unlike in the IL-2 gene, Elf-1 and AP-1 factors bind independently in the IL-3 promoter. DNase I footprinting, EMSA, in vitro translation of Elf-1, supershift with Elf-1 antisera, transient transfection with mutagenized reporter constructs The Journal of experimental medicine Medium 8228815
1998 Elf-1 is the primary Ets factor binding to the Ets binding sites (zEBS1 and zEBS2) in the TCR zeta-chain promoter; mutagenesis of these sites markedly reduces transcription, and ectopic Elf-1 expression increases TCR zeta-chain promoter activity mapping to zEBS1 and zEBS2. A GAL4-Elf-1 fusion also trans-activates TCR zeta-chain promoter constructs containing GAL4 sites. EMSA, in vitro mutagenesis, ectopic expression in COS-7 cells, GAL4 fusion trans-activation assay Journal of immunology High 9510181
1998 PU.1 and Elf-1 both bind to the SCL (tal-1) promoter 1b Ets motifs and transactivate the promoter in mast cells; transcription factors PU.1, Elf-1, Sp1, and Sp3 are present in mast cell extracts and bind promoter 1b. Gel shift assay, reporter transactivation, ChIP (not explicitly stated but implied by promoter binding), transient transfection The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 9786909
1999 Elf-1 binds to the Ets site in the FcεRI alpha-chain promoter and is one of the factors (with GATA-1) essential for promoter activity; Elf-1 binding is required for alpha-chain-producing cell specificity. EMSA with nuclear extracts and in vitro-translated proteins, transient transfection reporter assays with mutagenized promoter Journal of immunology Medium 10395650
1999 Elf-1 binds to the P4 Ets site in the CD4 promoter and specifically activates CD4 promoter activity; no other tested Ets family members bound this site in T cells. EMSA, transient transfection reporter assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10347164
1999 Elf-1 and PU.1 both bind to a promoter element mutated in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients (-57 to -52 bp) and transactivate the gp91(phox) promoter; CGD-associated point mutations at -57 and -55 significantly reduce Elf-1 and PU.1 binding and transactivation, but no synergy occurs between Elf-1 and PU.1 on this promoter. EMSA, transient transfection reporter assays with CGD mutations, overexpression in HeLa and PLB985 cells Blood Medium 10233904
1999 Elf-1 does not cooperate with GATA3 to activate the human IL-5 promoter (unlike Ets1 and Ets2), demonstrating specificity among closely related Ets factors in this context. Transient transfection reporter assays in Jurkat T-cells and Kasumi myeloid cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10212281
2001 Elf-1 is a transcriptional regulator of the Tie2 gene in endothelial cells; chicken Elf-1 (cELF-1) is expressed in developing blood vessels, binds conserved Ets sites in Tie1 and Tie2 promoters, and strongly transactivates these genes. Elf-1-containing complexes in CAM blood vessel extracts are recognized by anti-cELF-1 antibody. In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, EMSA with antibody supershift, transient transfection reporter assays Circulation research Medium 11157678
2002 Elf-1 exists as an 80-kDa form in the cytoplasm and as a 98-kDa form in the nucleus; phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation contribute to the increased molecular mass. The 98-kDa nuclear form is released from cytoplasmic retinoblastoma protein tethering and moves to the nucleus to bind the TCR zeta-chain promoter; the cytoplasmic 98-kDa form undergoes proteasomal degradation. Subcellular fractionation, Western blot, phosphatase and glycosidase treatment, immunoprecipitation, DNA binding assay, proteasome inhibitor experiments Journal of immunology High 11884456
2002 Defective production of the functional 98-kDa nuclear form of Elf-1 in SLE T cells results from abnormal posttranslational modifications; two distinct defects were identified: decreased 98-kDa levels OR normal apparent levels but abnormal isoelectric focusing pattern. This defect causes reduced TCR zeta-chain transcription. Subcellular fractionation, Western blot, isoelectric focusing, transcription/translation analysis, reporter assays Journal of immunology Medium 12421992
2004 Elf-1 binds to conserved Ets sites in the scl/tal-1 5' (-3.8) bifunctional enhancer in hematopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells in vivo, as demonstrated by ChIP; the -3.8 enhancer (but not the +18/19 enhancer) is required for scl transcription. ChIP, comparative genomics, transgenic mice, knockout approach Molecular and cellular biology Medium 14966269
2005 Elf-1 was identified via DNA affinity chromatography as the Ets protein with highest affinity for the TdT promoter D' element; a D' mutation that selectively reduces Elf-1 binding greatly reduces TdT promoter activity in immature T and B cells. DNA affinity chromatography, peptide microsequencing, immunoblot, transient transfection reporter assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 8887642
2005 Elf-1, Fli-1, and Ets1 bind in vivo to conserved Ets sites in the LMO2 proximal promoter in hematopoietic and endothelial cells, and these sites are required for promoter activity; transgenic analysis confirmed the proximal promoter drives endothelial expression in vivo. ChIP, EMSA, transient/stable transfection reporter assays, transgenic mice Blood Medium 15994290
2005 A 34-amino-acid peptide corresponding to the terminal ETS domain of ELF-1 blocks ELF-1 function; a TAT-fused version enters endothelial cell nuclei, reduces Tie2 and eNOS expression, inhibits angiopoietin-1-mediated endothelial cell migration, and systemically attenuates B16 melanoma tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in nude mice. Cell-penetrating peptide delivery, reporter assays, endothelial cell migration assay, mouse tumor xenograft model Blood Medium 16352813
2005 Elf1 (yeast) is a transcription elongation factor that associates co-transcriptionally with actively transcribed regions; synthetic lethality with mutations in Spt4, Spt5, Spt6, and Paf1 complex members identifies it as part of the elongation machinery. Association is partially dependent on Spt4 and Spt6. Elf1 is purified in association with casein kinase II. Genetic screen (synthetic lethality), ChIP genome-wide, protein purification/mass spectrometry Molecular and cellular biology High 16260625
2006 Fli-1, Erg, and Elf-1 bind in vivo to conserved Ets sites in both the endoglin promoter and a -8 kb enhancer in endothelial cells; both elements depend on these Ets sites for activity. ChIP, comparative genomics, transient transfection reporter assays, transgenic mice Blood Medium 16484587
2006 Elf-1 binds to two Ets binding sites in the LAT gene proximal promoter and overexpression of Elf-1 augments LAT promoter activity; a Runx-1 binding site adjacent to one Ets site has an inhibitory effect. EMSA, transient transfection reporter assays, Elf-1 overexpression BMC molecular biology Medium 16464244
2006 Yeast Elf1 is phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2 at Ser95 and Ser117 in vitro; Elf1 co-immunoprecipitates with both catalytic (α, α') and regulatory (β, β') subunits of CK2. In vitro kinase assay, MALDI-MS phosphosite identification, co-immunoprecipitation Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Medium 16756761
2007 Elf-1 specifically binds to GGAA elements in the FcRγ promoter and represses FcRγ expression; forced Elf-1 expression suppresses FcRγ, while siRNA knockdown of Elf-1 increases FcRγ expression. EMSA, overexpression and siRNA knockdown, reporter assays Journal of immunology Medium 17878388
2008 PP2A dephosphorylates Elf-1 at Thr-231, resulting in limited nuclear 98-kDa Elf-1 form and decreased binding to CD3ζ and FcRγ promoters. Aberrantly increased PP2A in lupus T cells causes this dephosphorylation. Suppression of PP2A expression increases CD3ζ and decreases FcRγ expression, correcting early signaling defects. Phosphatase activity assays, phosphosite-specific analysis, ChIP, siRNA knockdown of PP2A, Western blot Journal of immunology High 18714041
2008 Elf-1 negatively regulates FcεRI alpha-chain expression in primary mast cells (BMMC) by suppressing PU.1-mediated transcription; Elf-1 siRNA knockdown increases alpha-chain transcription and increases PU.1 occupancy at the promoter (by ChIP), while Elf-1 overexpression suppresses alpha-chain promoter activity. siRNA knockdown, overexpression, transient reporter assay, ChIP Immunogenetics Medium 18629488
2009 O-GlcNAc modification inhibits a physical interaction between Sp1 and Elf-1 transcription factors, negatively regulating transcription of the Pem gene. Co-immunoprecipitation, O-GlcNAc modification analysis, reporter assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 19285002
2010 Elf-1-deficient mice exhibit a partial, cell-intrinsic block in NKT cell development affecting selection, survival, and maturation, with residual NKT cells producing less cytokine upon antigen stimulation; NK cell proportions are normal, demonstrating selective requirement for Elf-1 in NKT but not NK cell development. Knockout mouse model (Elf-1⁻/⁻), flow cytometry, bone marrow chimera (cell-intrinsic defect), cytokine stimulation assay Blood High 21148815
2010 PU.1 is a major upstream transcriptional regulator of Elf-1 (identified by ChIP-chip); Elf-1 downregulation is necessary for terminal erythroid differentiation (overexpression of Elf-1 inhibits erythroid maturation). ChIP-chip (locus-wide), comparative genomics, overexpression in primary murine fetal liver erythroid differentiation assay Nucleic acids research Medium 20525788
2010 ELF1 binds to a conserved ETS site in the MEIS1 promoter and is enriched there by ChIP; siRNA-mediated knockdown of ELF1 decreases MEIS1 expression in K562 cells and primary human samples, identifying ELF1 as a positive transcriptional regulator of MEIS1. EMSA, ChIP, siRNA knockdown with mRNA quantification Experimental hematology Medium 20600580
2011 O-GlcNAc modification of Elf-1 promotes its nuclear localization; in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), O-GlcNAc modification of Elf-1 is significantly lower than in monocytes, preventing nuclear translocation of Elf-1 and thereby relieving Elf-1-mediated repression of the Tollip gene, which explains elevated Tollip expression in IECs. Subcellular fractionation, Western blot for O-GlcNAc modification, comparison of Caco-2 (IEC) vs. THP-1 (monocyte) cells Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 21867680
2018 ELF1 has two distinct tumor-suppressive roles in prostate cancer: (1) inhibiting cell migration and EMT by interfering with oncogenic ETS factors at ETS/AP-1 cis-regulatory sequences, and (2) activating genes promoting senescence at unique ELF1-targeted sites. ELF1 knockdown increases docetaxel resistance. Genome-wide chromatin mapping (ChIP-seq), cell migration assay, EMT marker analysis, senescence assay, siRNA knockdown, drug resistance assay Genes & cancer Medium 30603056
2019 ELF1 inhibits replication of eight diverse RNA and DNA viruses (independent of type I interferons) in a broadly antiviral transcriptional program distinct from interferon signatures; Elf1-deficient mice show enhanced susceptibility to influenza A virus. ELF1's antiviral effect is independent of STAT1 and JAK phosphorylation. Microscopy-based viral infection quantification, Elf1-knockout mouse infection, RNA-seq comparative expression analysis, JAK inhibitor and STAT1-KO experiments PLoS pathogens High 31682641
2021 In yeast, elongation factor Elf1 inhibits RNA Pol II transcriptional bypass of CTG and CAG trinucleotide repeat slip-out structures (individually and cooperatively with Spt4/5), while Spt4/5 promotes Pol II transcription through B-form CTG•CAG duplex DNA—opposite roles depending on DNA template structure. In vitro reconstituted yeast transcription system with defined DNA templates Nucleic acids research High 33877330
2024 Yeast Elf1 promotes TC-NER by enhancing Rad26 (CSB ortholog) interactions with lesion-arrested RNA Pol II; cryo-EM structures of Pol II-Rad26 stalled at different obstacles show Rad26 uses a common mechanism to recognize stalled Pol II with additional interactions at lesion-arrested Pol II, and Elf1 further stabilizes Rad26–Pol II interactions specifically at lesions. Biochemical and genetic data support the Elf1–Rad26 interplay in TC-NER initiation. Cryo-EM structural determination, biochemical assays, genetic epistasis in yeast Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 38194460
2024 The C-terminal domain (CTD) of yeast Elf1 is required for efficient TC-NER genome-wide; the Elf1 CTD binds the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the p62 subunit of TFIIH in vitro, and a conserved TFIIH-interaction region (TIR) in the CTD is necessary for this binding and for TC-NER—functionally analogous to the TIR in mammalian UVSSA that recruits TFIIH. CPD-seq (genome-wide repair mapping), in vitro binding assay, CTD deletion/mutation analysis, structural/sequence comparison Nature communications High 39043658
2025 In zebrafish, Elf1 is a cell-autonomous regulator of macrophage development with minimal effect on neutrophil differentiation; CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and dominant-negative overexpression demonstrate Elf1 is required for macrophage infiltration to tissue injury. Overexpression of cxcr4b (a downstream Elf1 target essential for cell migration) rescues the macrophage defect, placing cxcr4b downstream of Elf1. Morpholino knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, dominant-negative overexpression in macrophages, rescue with cxcr4b overexpression, tissue injury model International journal of molecular sciences Medium 40141178
2025 ELF1 binds to promoters of METTL3 and YTHDF2 and transactivates their expression; elevated ELF1 in nucleus pulposus cells promotes m6A methylation of E2F3 mRNA via METTL3, which is then recognized and destabilized by YTHDF2, causing E2F3 mRNA degradation, G1/S cell cycle arrest, and NPC senescence. ChIP-seq, ChIP, proteomic/RNA-seq, MeRIP-qPCR, RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter assay, AAV5 overexpression and KO mice, small molecule targeting Cell death discovery Medium 40467575
2025 ELF-1 deficiency in non-hematopoietic (epithelial) cells intrinsically worsens DSS-induced colitis in mice; ELF-1 directly regulates Rack1 gene expression in colonic epithelial tissue and its absence enhances pro-inflammatory chemokine production, leading to neutrophil and immune cell infiltration. Conditional/global ELF-1 KO mouse, bone marrow transfer experiments (confirming non-hematopoietic cell-intrinsic defect), DSS colitis model, ChIP, chemokine quantification Communications biology Medium 40057592

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1995 Complementary gradients in expression and binding of ELF-1 and Mek4 in development of the topographic retinotectal projection map. Cell 674 7634327
1996 Topographically specific effects of ELF-1 on retinal axon guidance in vitro and retinal axon mapping in vivo. Cell 366 8797822
1994 Identification and cloning of ELF-1, a developmentally expressed ligand for the Mek4 and Sek receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell 326 7522971
1992 cis-acting sequences required for inducible interleukin-2 enhancer function bind a novel Ets-related protein, Elf-1. Molecular and cellular biology 255 1545787
1997 Shared and distinct functions of RAGS and ELF-1 in guiding retinal axons. The EMBO journal 218 9135142
1993 Regulation of the Ets-related transcription factor Elf-1 by binding to the retinoblastoma protein. Science (New York, N.Y.) 212 8493578
1991 Developmental function of Elf-1: an essential transcription factor during embryogenesis in Drosophila. Genes & development 171 1909284
1994 Activation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter in T cells requires cooperative binding of Elf-1 and AP-1 transcription factors. Molecular and cellular biology 140 8289796
1996 Regulation of topographic projection in the brain: Elf-1 in the hippocamposeptal system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 132 8855326
1996 An IL-2 response element in the human IL-2 receptor alpha chain promoter is a composite element that binds Stat5, Elf-1, HMG-I(Y) and a GATA family protein. The EMBO journal 128 8896456
1992 A novel Ets-related transcription factor, Elf-1, binds to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 regulatory elements that are required for inducible trans activation in T cells. Journal of virology 109 1527846
1999 Regulation of the human interleukin-5 promoter by Ets transcription factors. Ets1 and Ets2, but not Elf-1, cooperate with GATA3 and HTLV-I Tax1. The Journal of biological chemistry 90 10212281
1996 Elf-1 and Stat5 bind to a critical element in a new enhancer of the human interleukin-2 receptor alpha gene. Molecular and cellular biology 90 8943338
1994 Elf-1 binds to a critical element in a second CD4 enhancer. Molecular and cellular biology 89 7935370
1993 Molecular regulation of the human IL-3 gene: inducible T cell-restricted expression requires intact AP-1 and Elf-1 nuclear protein binding sites. The Journal of experimental medicine 77 8228815
2004 The scl +18/19 stem cell enhancer is not required for hematopoiesis: identification of a 5' bifunctional hematopoietic-endothelial enhancer bound by Fli-1 and Elf-1. Molecular and cellular biology 76 14966269
1996 Characterization of NERF, a novel transcription factor related to the Ets factor ELF-1. Molecular and cellular biology 76 8756667
1996 MEF, a novel transcription factor with an Elf-1 like DNA binding domain but distinct transcriptional activating properties. Oncogene 71 8895518
2005 Identification and characterization of Elf1, a conserved transcription elongation factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 68 16260625
2010 ELF1 is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Asian populations. Human molecular genetics 67 21044949
1999 The transcription factors Elf-1 and GATA-1 bind to cell-specific enhancer elements of human high-affinity IgE receptor alpha-chain gene. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 64 10395650
1993 A single amino-acid substitution in the Ets domain alters core DNA binding specificity of Ets1 to that of the related transcription factors Elf1 and E74. Nucleic acids research 62 8255775
2002 Phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation of Elf-1 leads to its translocation to the nucleus and binding to the promoter of the TCR zeta-chain. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 59 11884456
2006 Endoglin expression in the endothelium is regulated by Fli-1, Erg, and Elf-1 acting on the promoter and a -8-kb enhancer. Blood 58 16484587
1996 A potential role for Elf-1 in terminal transferase gene regulation. Molecular and cellular biology 54 8887642
2019 The ETS transcription factor ELF1 regulates a broadly antiviral program distinct from the type I interferon response. PLoS pathogens 51 31682641
2010 Differential requirements for the Ets transcription factor Elf-1 in the development of NKT cells and NK cells. Blood 51 21148815
2005 Fli1, Elf1, and Ets1 regulate the proximal promoter of the LMO2 gene in endothelial cells. Blood 51 15994290
2002 Defective production of functional 98-kDa form of Elf-1 is responsible for the decreased expression of TCR zeta-chain in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 50 12421992
2008 PP2A dephosphorylates Elf-1 and determines the expression of CD3zeta and FcRgamma in human systemic lupus erythematosus T cells. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 49 18714041
2001 Elf-1 is a transcriptional regulator of the Tie2 gene during vascular development. Circulation research 49 11157678
1998 Transcriptional regulation of the stem cell leukemia gene by PU.1 and Elf-1. The Journal of biological chemistry 49 9786909
2001 PU.1 exhibits partial functional redundancy with Spi-B, but not with Ets-1 or Elf-1. Blood 46 11313289
2005 Critical role for the Ets transcription factor ELF-1 in the development of tumor angiogenesis. Blood 45 16352813
2015 In HIV-positive patients, myeloid-derived suppressor cells induce T-cell anergy by suppressing CD3ζ expression through ELF-1 inhibition. AIDS (London, England) 44 26355672
2003 Myeloid ELF1-like factor is a potent activator of interleukin-8 expression in hematopoietic cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 14625302
2001 BLyS BINDS TO B CELLS WITH HIGH AFFINITY AND INDUCES ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS NF-kappaB AND ELF-1. Cytokine 38 11145839
1997 The inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth of motoneurons exerted by the ligands ELF-1 and RAGS. Mechanisms of development 38 9232603
1995 cDNA cloning and characterization of a Cek7 receptor protein-tyrosine kinase ligand that is identical to the ligand (ELF-1) for the Mek-4 and Sek receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. The Journal of biological chemistry 38 7876076
1993 Activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I enhancer is mediated by binding sites for Elf-1 and the pets factor. Journal of virology 38 8350410
1998 Elf-1 regulates basal expression from the T cell antigen receptor zeta-chain gene promoter. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 35 9510181
1997 Elf-1 contributes to the function of the complex interleukin (IL)-2-responsive enhancer in the mouse IL-2 receptor alpha gene. The Journal of experimental medicine 34 9104808
1999 Elf-1 and PU.1 induce expression of gp91(phox) via a promoter element mutated in a subset of chronic granulomatous disease patients. Blood 32 10233904
2003 The emerging role of the myeloid Elf-1 like transcription factor in hematopoiesis. Blood cells, molecules & diseases 31 14636650
1998 Expression pattern of the Ets-related transcription factor Elf-1. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 31 10780882
2017 Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG Upregulates Tollip Expression by Suppressing Elf-1 Expression. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 30 28954885
2013 Human papilloma virus (HPV) E7-mediated attenuation of retinoblastoma (Rb) induces hPygopus2 expression via Elf-1 in cervical cancer. Molecular cancer research : MCR 29 23284001
2021 SNHG17/miR-384/ELF1 axis promotes cell growth by transcriptional regulation of CTNNB1 to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer gene therapy 28 33531646
1997 Transcriptional activity and constitutive nuclear localization of the ETS protein Elf-1. FEBS letters 28 9180266
1996 Cloning and expression of the murine Elf-1 cDNA. Gene 28 8666284
2005 Sp1-dependent regulation of Myeloid Elf-1 like factor in human epithelial cells. FEBS letters 26 15907486
1999 A potential role for Elf-1 in CD4 promoter function. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 10347164
2020 ELF1 activated long non-coding RNA CASC2 inhibits cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer via the miR-18a/IRF-2 signaling pathway. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 24 32271431
2009 O-GlcNAc inhibits interaction between Sp1 and Elf-1 transcription factors. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 24 19285002
2023 ELF1 suppresses autophagy to reduce cisplatin resistance via the miR-152-3p/NCAM1/ERK axis in lung cancer cells. Cancer science 22 36846943
2021 ELF1 Transcription Factor Enhances the Progression of Glioma via ATF5 promoter. ACS chemical neuroscience 22 33720698
2020 An upstream open reading frame regulates vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via ZNRD1-AS1/miR-499a-5p/ELF1/EMI1 pathway. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 22 32368853
2010 Expression of Elf-1 and survivin in non-small cell lung cancer and their relationship to intratumoral microvessel density. Chinese journal of cancer 22 20346215
2010 Identification of E74-like factor 1 (ELF1) as a transcriptional regulator of the Hox cofactor MEIS1. Experimental hematology 22 20600580
2020 Transcription Factor ELF1 Activates MEIS1 Transcription and Then Regulates the GFI1/FBW7 Axis to Promote the Development of Glioma. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 21 33473327
1998 Identification of elf1, a beta-spectrin, in early mouse liver development. The International journal of developmental biology 21 9551868
2018 Common ELF1 deletion in prostate cancer bolsters oncogenic ETS function, inhibits senescence and promotes docetaxel resistance. Genes & cancer 20 30603056
2011 Transcription of the Tollip gene is elevated in intestinal epithelial cells through impaired O-GlcNAcylation-dependent nuclear translocation of the negative regulator Elf-1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 21867680
1996 ELF-1 interacts with and transactivates the IgH enhancer pi site. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 8824239
2019 ELF-1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma facilitates proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells via modulation of CCL2/CCR2 signaling. Cancer management and research 19 31289447
2024 Elf1 promotes Rad26's interaction with lesion-arrested Pol II for transcription-coupled repair. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 18 38194460
2020 ELF1-mediated LUCAT1 promotes choroidal melanoma by modulating RBX1 expression. Cancer medicine 18 31968402
2020 ELF1-activated FOXD3-AS1 promotes the migration, invasion and EMT of osteosarcoma cells via sponging miR-296-5p to upregulate ZCCHC3. Journal of bone oncology 18 33204608
2010 Transcriptional regulation of Elf-1: locus-wide analysis reveals four distinct promoters, a tissue-specific enhancer, control by PU.1 and the importance of Elf-1 downregulation for erythroid maturation. Nucleic acids research 18 20525788
2003 Clinical relevance of Elf-1 overexpression in endometrial carcinoma. Gynecologic oncology 18 12798703
2003 The significance of Elf-1 expression in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. International journal of molecular medicine 18 12883651
2022 LncRNA HOXD-AS1 affects proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by promoting FRRS1 expression via transcription factor ELF1. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 17 34985386
2015 Transcriptional (ChIP-Chip) Analysis of ELF1, ETS2, RUNX1 and STAT5 in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. International journal of molecular sciences 16 25993293
2006 Regulation of the human LAT gene by the Elf-1 transcription factor. BMC molecular biology 16 16464244
1999 Transcription factors Ets1, Ets2, and Elf1 exhibit differential localization in human endometrium across the menstrual cycle and alternate isoforms in cultured endometrial cells. Biology of reproduction 16 10377039
2015 The hematopoietic regulator, ELF-1, enhances the transcriptional response to Interferon-β of the OAS1 anti-viral gene. Scientific reports 14 26643049
2007 Elf-1 binds to GGAA elements on the FcRgamma promoter and represses its expression. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 14 17878388
1998 Disruption studies of a Candida albicans gene, ELF1: a member of the ATP-binding cassette family. Microbiology (Reading, England) 14 9720054
2019 Expression of ELF1, a lymphoid ETS domain-containing transcription factor, is recurrently lost in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. British journal of haematology 13 30681722
2008 Suppressive effect of Elf-1 on FcepsilonRI alpha-chain expression in primary mast cells. Immunogenetics 13 18629488
1998 Cloning of a novel human ELF-1-related ETS transcription factor, ELFR, its characterization and chromosomal assignment relative to ELF-1. Gene 13 9524226
2003 Ets protein Elf-1 bidirectionally suppresses transcriptional activities of the tumor suppressor Tsc2 gene and the repair-related Nth1 gene. Molecular carcinogenesis 12 12884363
2002 Opposing functions of the Ets factors NERF and ELF-1 during chicken blood vessel development. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 12 12117724
2018 Five ETS family members, ELF-1, ETV-4, ETV-3L, ETS-1, and ETS-2 upregulate human leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 gene basic promoter activity. Aging 11 29915163
2021 Opposite roles of transcription elongation factors Spt4/5 and Elf1 in RNA polymerase II transcription through B-form versus non-B DNA structures. Nucleic acids research 10 33877330
2018 Architecture of the RNA polymerase II elongation complex: new insights into Spt4/5 and Elf1. Transcription 10 29624124
2006 Yeast elf1 factor is phosphorylated and interacts with protein kinase CK2. Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology 9 16756761
2023 Transcription Factor ELF1 Modulates Cisplatin Sensitivity in Prostate Cancer by Targeting MEIS Homeobox 2. Chemical research in toxicology 8 36763086
2000 Splice isoforms of transcription factor Elf-1 affecting its regulatory function in transcription-molecular cloning of rat Elf-1. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 7 11210123
1997 Identification of Elf-1 and B61 as high affinity ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinase MDK1. Oncogene 7 9010230
2024 Elf1 promotes transcription-coupled repair in yeast by using its C-terminal domain to bind TFIIH. Nature communications 6 39043658
2023 Transcription activation of SPINK4 by ELF-1 augments progression of colon cancer by regulating biological behaviors. Tissue & cell 4 37586179
2025 Elf1 Deficiency Impairs Macrophage Development in Zebrafish Model Organism. International journal of molecular sciences 3 40141178
2024 ELF1 serves as a potential biomarker for the disease activity and renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scientific reports 3 39496744
2009 [Expression and significance of Elf-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in non-small cell lung cancer]. Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer 3 19624906
2025 ELF1-mediated transactivation of METTL3/YTHDF2 promotes nucleus pulposus cell senescence via m6A-dependent destabilization of E2F3 mRNA in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell death discovery 2 40467575
2025 ELF1's Role in Colorectal Cancer: Up-Regulating DCLK1 Expression to Propel Malignant Progression and Stemness Features. Discovery medicine 1 39973554
2025 Transcription factor ELF-1 protects against colitis by maintaining intestinal epithelium homeostasis. Communications biology 1 40057592
2025 The myeloid transcription factor Elf1 regulates genes with function in innate immunity. Experimental hematology 1 40780499
2023 ELF1/PRR11/ARP2/3 promoted trophoblast cells proliferation and motility in early pregnancy. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 1 37641376

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